A neodymium iron boron waste rare earth extraction pretreatment equipment

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of rare earth extraction, and particularly relates to a pretreatment equipment for extracting rare earth from neodymium iron boron waste, which comprises a treatment box, a feeding port is formed in the upper portion of the treatment box, an acid leaching box is detachably connected to the lower portion of the treatment box and is in communication with the treatment box, a liquid outlet pipe is installed at the lower portion of the acid leaching box and is in communication with the acid leaching box, an extraction separation equipment is connected to the end portion of the liquid outlet pipe, a second extraction pump is installed on the liquid outlet pipe, a first-stage crushing mechanism, a second-stage crushing mechanism, a screening mechanism and a magnet suction mechanism are arranged in the treatment box from top to bottom, an exhaust pipe is installed in the acid leaching box and is in communication with the acid leaching box, an acid leaching mechanism is installed in the acid leaching box, a support one is installed on the outer periphery of the treatment box, compared with the prior art, the neodymium iron boron waste is further refined, and the crushing efficiency of the neodymium iron boron waste is improved; the neodymium iron boron waste is not easy to block the screen holes in the screening process, so that fine neodymium iron boron waste suitable for acid leaching can be separated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of rare earth extraction technology, specifically relating to a pretreatment device for extracting rare earths from neodymium iron boron waste. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) is the most commonly used rare earth magnet. Extracting rare earth elements from NdFeB waste improves its recycling rate. However, existing extraction equipment uses a single crushing mechanism, which has limited crushing power for NdFeB waste, easily resulting in coarse particle residues that require multiple reprocessing crushing operations. Furthermore, existing extraction equipment uses fixed sieve plates, which can easily cause sieve blockage during screening due to particle agglomeration or uneven particle size.

[0003] Existing magnetic separation devices mostly use fixed magnets or unidirectional magnetic attraction, which do not achieve a high removal rate of iron particles trapped inside the screened NdFeB waste. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a pretreatment device for extracting rare earth elements from neodymium iron boron waste.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a pretreatment device for extracting rare earth elements from NdFeB waste, comprising a treatment box, an inlet at the top of the treatment box, an acid leaching tank detachably connected and connected to the bottom of the treatment box, an outlet pipe installed and connected to the bottom of the acid leaching tank, an extraction and separation device connected to the end of the outlet pipe, a second extraction pump installed on the top of the outlet pipe, a primary crushing mechanism, a secondary crushing mechanism, a sieving mechanism and an iron suction mechanism arranged from top to bottom inside the treatment box, an exhaust pipe installed and connected inside the acid leaching tank, an acid leaching mechanism installed inside the acid leaching tank, and a support frame installed on the outer periphery of the treatment box.

[0006] Preferably, the magnetic attraction mechanism includes a support plate and a magnetic plate. The support plate is installed on the outside of the processing box. A cylinder is mounted on the support plate. The piston rod end of the cylinder is detachably connected to a guide rail via a connector. A servo motor is mounted on the end of the guide rail. A ball screw is detachably connected to the output end of the servo motor. A slider is fitted on the ball screw. An adsorption component is mounted on the side of the slider. The adsorption component adsorbs the magnetic plate. The magnetic plate is connected to a power source. A through hole is opened at the position corresponding to the magnetic plate in the processing box. A blocking mechanism is installed on the outside of the through hole.

[0007] Preferably, a second support plate is installed on the side of the processing box away from the first support plate, and a third cylinder is installed on the second support plate. The piston rod end of the third cylinder is detachably connected to the second cylinder via a second connector. The piston rod end of the second cylinder is detachably connected to an adsorption component. A second through hole is provided on the side of the processing box near the second support plate at a position corresponding to the first through hole. A second blocking mechanism is installed on the outside of the second through hole. A collection component is installed on the side of the processing box near the first support plate, and a groove is provided above the collection component.

[0008] Preferably, the sieving mechanism includes a sieve plate, a side plate, and a moving rod. The sieve plate is located inside the processing box. Sliding elements are installed on both sides of the sieve plate, passing through the side of the processing box. The side plate is installed on the side of the processing box. The moving rod is detachably connected to the side of the sliding element near the side plate. Two fixed seats are installed below the side plate, and the moving rod passes through the two fixed seats. A rack is installed on the outer periphery of the moving rod.

[0009] Preferably, a second drive motor is mounted on the side of the first side plate, and a rotating disk is detachably connected to the output end of the second drive motor. The rack meshes with an arc-shaped gear, and a first rotating shaft is mounted inside the arc-shaped gear. The first rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the first side plate. A moving part is mounted on the outer periphery of the arc-shaped gear, and a sliding hole is opened on the side of the moving part. A connecting column is eccentrically mounted on the side of the rotating disk, and the connecting column is located in the sliding hole.

[0010] Preferably, the processing box is provided with an adjustment mechanism below the magnetizing mechanism. The adjustment mechanism includes a rotating plate and a fixed disc. The rotating plate is located inside the processing box. A second rotating shaft is installed on the side of the rotating plate and passes through the side of the processing box. A fixed disc is installed at the end of the second rotating shaft. A slide rail is installed on the side of the processing box near the fixed disc. A sliding component is slidably connected in the slide rail. A connecting shaft is eccentrically installed on the side of the fixed disc away from the second rotating shaft. A connecting rod is hinged between the connecting shaft and the sliding component. A cylinder is installed at the end of the slide rail. The piston rod end of the cylinder is detachably connected to the sliding component.

[0011] Preferably, the secondary crushing mechanism includes a feeding component and a fixed cylinder. The feeding component is installed inside the processing box, and the fixed cylinder is installed inside the processing box via multiple fixing components. The feeding component connects to the primary crushing mechanism and the fixed cylinder. Two arc-shaped blocking components are installed in the processing box below the feeding component, and both arc-shaped blocking components are tangent to the bottom of the feeding component. Multiple through holes are opened on the outer periphery of the fixed cylinder. A rotating cylinder is installed inside the fixed cylinder. A ring pipe is installed below the fixed cylinder via a fixing component. Multiple nozzles are installed and connected above the ring pipe. A drive motor is installed below the fixed cylinder via fixing components two and three. The output end of the drive motor is eccentrically installed with respect to the rotating cylinder. An air inlet pipe is installed and connected below the ring pipe. The air inlet pipe passes through the side of the processing box, and an air compressor is detachably connected to the end of the air inlet pipe. A suction pump is installed on the air inlet pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the acid leaching mechanism includes an acid inlet pipe and a drive motor. The end of the acid inlet pipe is located inside the acid leaching tank. A cavity is formed between the inner and outer sides of the acid leaching tank. Multiple heating tubes are installed in the cavity, and each heating tube is externally connected to a power supply. A storage tank is detachably connected to the end of the acid inlet pipe away from the acid leaching tank. The storage tank is filled with acid solution. A pump is installed on the acid inlet pipe. The drive motor is installed on the side of the acid leaching tank. A stirring shaft is detachably connected to the output end of the drive motor. The stirring shaft is located inside the acid leaching tank and multiple stirring blades are installed on the stirring shaft.

[0013] Preferably, both the blocking mechanism one and the blocking mechanism two include a baffle and a cylinder four. The baffle is disposed on the outside of the through hole one or the through hole two, the cylinder four is mounted on the side of the processing box, and a connector three is mounted on the side of the baffle. The piston rod end of the cylinder four is detachably connected to the connector three.

[0014] Preferably, the extraction pump is externally connected to a controller, and the primary crushing mechanism, secondary crushing mechanism, sieving mechanism, iron suction mechanism and acid leaching mechanism are all communicatively connected to the controller.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0016] (1) Existing extraction equipment uses a single crushing mechanism, which has limited crushing force on NdFeB waste. However, the present invention is equipped with a primary crushing mechanism and a secondary crushing mechanism in the processing box. The primary crushing uses crushing roller one and crushing roller two to mesh and rotate, which performs the initial crushing of NdFeB waste. The secondary crushing mechanism uses a rotating cylinder to rotate eccentrically in a fixed cylinder, and uses centrifugal force to throw NdFeB waste against the cylinder wall to achieve impact crushing. At the same time, it is combined with high-pressure gas injection to form a gas-solid two-phase flow, which causes high-speed collision between particles, further refining NdFeB waste and improving the crushing efficiency of NdFeB waste.

[0017] (2) High-pressure gas is ejected from the nozzle, which not only helps to disperse NdFeB waste and prevent agglomeration, but also carries fine NdFeB waste through the through hole of the fixed cylinder and discharges it. It can also continue to crush the coarse NdFeB waste that does not pass through.

[0018] (3) The existing extraction equipment uses a fixed sieve plate, while the screening mechanism of the present invention drives the rotating disk to rotate eccentrically through the second drive motor, and moves in the sliding hole of the moving part through the connecting column, so that the arc gear meshes and drives the rack to move back and forth, so that the sieve plate vibrates horizontally. During the screening process, the NdFeB waste is not easy to block the sieve hole, so that fine NdFeB waste suitable for acid leaching can be separated.

[0019] (4) The magnetic separation devices of existing equipment are mostly fixed magnets or unidirectional magnetic attraction. However, the iron-attracting mechanism in this invention drives the iron-attracting plate to enter from the through hole one on one side of the processing box through cylinder one and servo motor one. After adsorbing iron impurities, it is moved to the through hole two by cylinder two and adsorption component two on the other side, so that the moving length of the iron-attracting plate is greater than the internal length of the adsorption box. The iron-attracting plate then moves from the through hole two to the through hole one for secondary adsorption, thus avoiding iron impurities remaining.

[0020] (5) Cylinder 1 can push guide rail 1 to move up and down, and cylinder 3 can push cylinder 2 to move up and down, so as to meet the different thicknesses of fine NdFeB waste on the rotating plate.

[0021] (6) The heating tube can heat the temperature inside the acid leaching tank. Combined with the stirring blade driven by the drive motor, the acid solution and fine NdFeB waste are fully mixed, which improves the leaching rate of rare earth elements. The exhaust pipe can promptly discharge the gas generated during the acid leaching process to avoid the accumulation of harmful gases.

[0022] (7) The treatment tank and the acid leaching tank are detachably connected. After acid leaching is completed, the leachate is directly discharged into the extraction equipment by the second pump. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a front view of the pretreatment equipment for extracting rare earth elements from neodymium iron boron waste provided in Example 1;

[0025] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of pretreatment equipment for extracting rare earth elements from neodymium iron boron waste;

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A;

[0027] Figure 4Structural diagram of pretreatment equipment for extracting rare earth elements from NdFeB waste;

[0028] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point B;

[0029] Figure 6 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point C;

[0030] Figure 7 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point D;

[0031] Figure 8 Structural diagram of the primary and secondary crushing mechanisms within the pretreatment equipment for extracting rare earth elements from NdFeB waste;

[0032] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the primary and secondary crushing mechanisms within a pretreatment device for extracting rare earth elements from NdFeB waste.

[0033] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0034] 1. Processing tank; 2. Acid leaching tank; 3. Support frame 1; 4. Sliding component 1; 5. Drive motor 1; 6. Storage tank; 7. Acid inlet pipe; 8. Air compressor; 9. Extraction pump 1; 10. Guide rail 1; 11. Connector 1; 12. Cylinder 1; 13. Servo motor 1; 14. Cylinder 2; 15. Cylinder 3; 16. Connector 2; 17. Discharge pipe; 18. Side plate 1; 19. Extraction pump 2; 20. Drive motor 2; 21. Collection component 22. Slider; 23. Support plate one; 24. Magnet plate; 25. Rotating disk; 26. Moving rod; 27. Rack; 28. Moving part; 29. ​​Arc gear; 30. Fixed seat; 31. Connecting column; 32. Baffle; 33. Connecting part three; 34. Cylinder four; 35. Fixed disk; 36. Slide rail; 37. Cylinder five; 38. Sliding part; 39. Connecting rod; 40. Connecting shaft; 41. Crushing roller one; 42. Crushing roller two; 43. Feeding part; 44. Arc-shaped blocking part; 45. Fixing part one; 46. Fixed cylinder; 47. Rotating cylinder; 48. Fixing part two; 49. Ring tube; 50. Fixing part three; 51. Drive motor three; 52. Fixing part four. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0036] Numerous specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and therefore the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the following specification.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 9 To further describe the present invention, a pretreatment device for extracting rare earth elements from neodymium iron boron waste is provided, such as... Figures 1-2 As shown, the system includes a processing tank 1, with a feed inlet at the top and an acid leaching tank 2 detachably connected and connected to the bottom of the processing tank 1. An outlet pipe 17 is installed and connected to the bottom of the acid leaching tank 2, with an extraction and separation device connected to the end of the outlet pipe 17. A second extraction pump 19 is installed on the top of the outlet pipe 17. From top to bottom, the processing tank 1 is equipped with a primary crushing mechanism, a secondary crushing mechanism, a sieving mechanism, and an iron suction mechanism. An exhaust pipe is installed and connected to the acid leaching tank 2, and an acid leaching mechanism is installed inside the acid leaching tank 2. A support 3 is installed on the outer periphery of the processing tank 1.

[0039] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the magnetic attraction mechanism includes a support plate 23 and a magnetic plate 24. The support plate 23 is installed on the outside of the processing box 1. A cylinder 12 is installed on the support plate 23. The piston rod end of the cylinder 12 is detachably connected to a guide rail 10 via a connector 11. A servo motor 13 is installed at the end of the guide rail 10. A ball screw is detachably connected to the output end of the servo motor 13. A slider 22 is fitted on the ball screw. An adsorption component is installed on the side of the slider 22. The adsorption component adsorbs the magnetic plate 24. The magnetic plate 24 is connected to a power source. A through hole is opened at the corresponding position of the processing box 1 and the magnetic plate 24. A blocking mechanism is installed on the outside of the through hole.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, a second support plate is installed on the side of the processing box 1 away from the first support plate 23. A third cylinder 15 is installed on the second support plate. The piston rod end of the third cylinder 15 is detachably connected to a second cylinder 14 via a second connector 16. The piston rod end of the second cylinder 14 is detachably connected to an adsorption component 2. A second through hole is opened on the side of the processing box 1 near the second support plate, corresponding to the first through hole. A second blocking mechanism is installed on the outside of the second through hole. A collection component 21 is installed on the side of the processing box 1 near the first support plate 23. A groove is opened on the top of the collection component 21.

[0041] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the sieving mechanism includes a sieve plate, a side plate 18, and a moving rod 26. The sieve plate is located inside the processing box 1. Sliding parts 4 are installed on both sides of the sieve plate. The sliding parts 4 pass through the side of the processing box 1. The side plate 18 is installed on the side of the processing box 1. The moving rod 26 is detachably connected to the side of the sliding part 4 near the side plate 18. Two fixed seats 30 are installed below the side plate 18. The moving rod 26 passes through the two fixed seats 30. A rack 27 is installed on the outer periphery of the moving rod 26.

[0042] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, a drive motor 20 is mounted on the side of the side plate 18. The output end of the drive motor 20 is detachably connected to a rotating disk 25. A rack 27 meshes with an arc gear 29. A rotating shaft 1 is installed inside the arc gear 29. The rotating shaft 1 is rotatably connected to the side plate 18. A moving part 28 is mounted on the outer periphery of the arc gear 29. A sliding hole is opened on the side of the moving part 28. A connecting post 31 is eccentrically mounted on the side of the rotating disk 25. The connecting post 31 is located in the sliding hole.

[0043] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown, the processing box 1 is located below the magnetizing mechanism and has an adjustment mechanism. The adjustment mechanism includes a rotating plate and a fixed disc 35. The rotating plate is located inside the processing box 1. A rotating shaft 2 is installed on the side of the rotating plate and passes through the side of the processing box 1. The fixed disc 35 is installed at the end of the rotating shaft 2. A slide rail 36 is installed on the side of the processing box 1 near the fixed disc 35. A sliding member 38 is slidably connected inside the slide rail 36. A connecting shaft 40 is eccentrically installed on the side of the fixed disc 35 away from the rotating shaft 2. A connecting rod 39 is hinged between the connecting shaft 40 and the sliding member 38. A cylinder 37 is installed at the end of the slide rail 36. The piston rod end of the cylinder 37 is detachably connected to the sliding member 38.

[0044] like Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the secondary crushing mechanism includes a feeding component 43 and a fixed cylinder 46. The feeding component 43 is installed inside the processing box 1, and the fixed cylinder 46 is installed inside the processing box 1 via multiple fixing components 45. The feeding component 43 connects the primary crushing mechanism and the fixed cylinder 46. Two arc-shaped blocking components 44 are installed in the processing box 1 below the feeding component 43, and both arc-shaped blocking components 44 are tangent to the lower part of the feeding component 43. Multiple through holes are opened on the outer periphery of the fixed cylinder 46, and a rotating cylinder 4 is installed inside the fixed cylinder 46. 7. A ring pipe 49 is installed below the fixed cylinder 46 via a fixing member 4 52. Multiple nozzles are installed and connected above the ring pipe 49. A drive motor 51 is installed below the fixed cylinder 46 via a fixing member 2 48 and a fixing member 3 50. The output end of the drive motor 51 is eccentrically installed with the rotating cylinder 47. An air inlet pipe is installed and connected below the ring pipe 49. The air inlet pipe passes through the side of the processing box 1. An air compressor 8 is detachably connected to the end of the air inlet pipe. A suction pump 3 is installed on the air inlet pipe.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the acid leaching mechanism includes an acid inlet pipe 7 and a drive motor 5. The end of the acid inlet pipe 7 is located inside the acid leaching tank 2. A cavity 1 is formed between the inner and outer sides of the acid leaching tank 2. Multiple heating tubes are installed in the cavity 1, and each heating tube is connected to a power supply 2. A storage tank 6 is detachably connected to the end of the acid inlet pipe 7 away from the acid leaching tank 2. The storage tank 6 is filled with acid solution. A pump 9 is installed on the acid inlet pipe 7. The drive motor 5 is installed on the side of the acid leaching tank 2. A stirring shaft is detachably connected to the output end of the drive motor 5. The stirring shaft is located inside the acid leaching tank 2, and multiple stirring blades are installed on the stirring shaft.

[0046] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, both the blocking mechanism one and the blocking mechanism two include a baffle 32 and a cylinder 34. The baffle 32 is located on the outside of the through hole one or through hole two. The cylinder 34 is installed on the side of the processing box 1. A connector 33 is installed on the side of the baffle 32. The piston rod end of the cylinder 34 is detachably connected to the connector 33.

[0047] In this invention, the primary crushing mechanism includes a first crushing roller 41 and a second crushing roller 42, which pass through both sides of the processing box 1. The first crushing roller 41 and the second crushing roller 42 are engaged, and a drive motor 4 is installed at the end of each of the first crushing roller 41 and the second crushing roller 42. The first crushing roller 41 and the second crushing roller 42 rotate in opposite directions.

[0048] In this invention, the feed inlet is located above the meshing position of crushing roller 41 and crushing roller 42, and the upper part of the feed piece 43 is connected to the lower part of the meshing position of crushing roller 41 and crushing roller 42.

[0049] In this invention, the length of the first through hole in the vertical direction is greater than the length of the magnet plate 24 in the vertical direction. The first through hole and the second through hole are located on the side of the opposite processing box 1, and the first through hole and the second through hole have the same structure.

[0050] In this invention, the second adsorption element can cooperate with the side of the magnet plate 24.

[0051] In this invention, the magnet plate 24 is a conventional electromagnetic magnet plate.

[0052] In this invention, when the magnet plate 24 enters the processing box 1, the length of the magnet plate 24 in the vertical direction along the moving direction is equal to the length in the corresponding direction inside the processing box 1.

[0053] In this invention, the length of the sieve plate in the vertical direction along the moving direction is equal to the length in the corresponding direction inside the processing box 1.

[0054] In this invention, there are two support plates 1 and 23.

[0055] In this invention, a through hole four is provided at the corresponding position of the processing box 1 and the sieve plate. A sliding member 4 is located in the through hole four. The length of the sliding member 4 in the vertical direction is equal to the length of the through hole four in the vertical direction, and the sliding member 4 can slide in the through hole four.

[0056] In this invention, a friction layer is installed on the outer periphery of the connecting post 31. Under the drive of the rotating disk 25, the connecting post 31 can move within the sliding hole, causing the arc gear 29 to drive the rack 27 to move.

[0057] In this invention, the lower part of the feeding component 43 is connected to the middle position of the fixed cylinder 46.

[0058] In this invention, the fixing cylinder 46 is located at the middle position in the horizontal direction inside the processing box 1.

[0059] In this invention, the gas ejected from multiple nozzles is high-pressure gas.

[0060] In this invention, the annular tube 49 is located between the fixed cylinder 46 and the rotating cylinder 47, and the lower side of the annular tube 49 is on the same horizontal plane as the lower side of the fixed cylinder 46.

[0061] In this invention, the arc-shaped blocking member 44 can prevent most of the NdFeB waste from re-entering the feeding member 43 under the action of high-pressure gas, and can also separate when the NdFeB waste collides with the arc-shaped blocking member 44. The opposite sides of the two arc-shaped blocking members 44 bend into the fixed cylinder 46, and the two arc-shaped blocking members 44 are separated by a certain distance.

[0062] In this invention, the extraction pump 219 is externally connected to a controller, and the primary crushing mechanism, the secondary crushing mechanism, the sieving mechanism, the iron suction mechanism and the acid leaching mechanism are all communicatively connected to the controller.

[0063] In this invention, the extraction pump 2 19, cylinder 1 12, servo motor 1 13, adsorption component 1, power supply 1, cylinder 3 15, cylinder 2 14, adsorption component 2, drive motor 2 20, cylinder 5 37, drive motor 3 51, air compressor 8, extraction pump 3, drive motor 1 5, power supply 2, extraction pump 1 9, cylinder 4 34 and drive motor 4 are all connected to the controller for communication.

[0064] In this invention, the cylinders 12 on the two support plates 23 are synchronously controlled by a controller.

[0065] In this invention, the drive motors at the ends of crushing roller 41 and crushing roller 42 are synchronously controlled by a controller.

[0066] In this invention, cylinder 12 is vertical, cylinder 35 is vertical, cylinder 214 is horizontal, cylinder 434 is vertical, and cylinder 537 is horizontal.

[0067] In this invention, the length of the magnetic plate 24 in the horizontal direction is greater than half the length of the interior of the processing box 1 in the horizontal direction, but the length of the magnetic plate 24 in the horizontal direction is less than the length of the interior of the processing box 1 in the horizontal direction.

[0068] In this invention, a collection piece 21 with a groove can also be installed on the side of the processing box 1 near the support plate 2.

[0069] In this invention, the adsorption element is an adsorption magnet 24 located on the side of the end of the processing box 1 away from the adsorption element.

[0070] The working principle of this invention is as follows: Workers feed neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) waste into the processing box 1 through the feed inlet. The NdFeB waste first falls above crushing roller 41 and crushing roller 42. Drive motors 4 and 3 (51), air compressor 8, and extraction pump 3 are activated. Crushing rollers 41 and 42 rotate and mesh, crushing the NdFeB waste. The crushed NdFeB waste enters between the fixed cylinder 46 and the rotating cylinder 47 through the feeding component 43. The rotating cylinder 47, eccentrically mounted to the output end of drive motor 3 (51), rotates under the drive of drive motor 3 (51). After the initial crushing, the NdFeB waste is thrown against the inner wall of the fixed cylinder 46 by centrifugal force, undergoing impact crushing and grinding crushing. The NdFeB is further crushed by centrifugal force and impact. Iron-boron waste; high-pressure gas is sprayed into the fixed cylinder 46 through the nozzle, which helps to disperse the material and avoid agglomeration. On the other hand, it cooperates with the rotating cylinder 47 to form a gas-solid two-phase flow, causing high-speed collisions between particles and enhancing the crushing effect. The high-pressure gas is discharged from the through hole three on the outer periphery of the fixed cylinder 46, carrying fine particles to the screen plate. The coarse material that does not pass through the through hole three on the outer periphery of the fixed cylinder 46 can be crushed again under the action of centrifugal force and high-pressure gas. After the operator has put all the specified weight of NdFeB waste into the processing box 1 for a period of time, the drive motor four, drive motor three 51, air compressor 8 and extraction pump three are turned off. The coarse waste that does not pass through the through hole three on the outer periphery of the fixed cylinder 46 falls onto the screen plate along the inner side of the fixed cylinder 46.

[0071] Drive motor 20 is turned on, causing the rotating disk 25 to rotate eccentrically. The connecting column 31 on the disk moves within the sliding hole of the moving part 28, causing the moving part 28 to drive the arc gear 29 to rotate. The meshing rack 27 drives the moving rod 26 to move back and forth, thereby causing the sieve plate to move horizontally within the processing box 1 via the sliding part 4. This allows the sieve plate to separate the crushed NdFeB waste. The NdFeB waste passing through the sieve plate falls onto the rotating plate. After a period of time, drive motor 20 is turned off, and cylinder 34 of blocking mechanism 1 and blocking mechanism 2 is turned on. Cylinder 34 drives the baffle 32 to move closer to cylinder 34 until through holes 1 and 2 are fully exposed. Blocking mechanism 1 is then turned off. Cylinder 34 activates cylinder 12, which moves guide rail 10 up and down to the NdFeB waste material above the rotating plate. Cylinder 12 is then deactivated, and servo motor 13 is activated. Servo motor 13 drives ball screw 1, which moves slider 22 laterally along the guide rail, causing magnetic plate 24 (when the equipment is first started, the operator needs to use magnetic attachment 1 to hold magnetic plate 24) to enter the interior through the through hole 1 on the side of the processing box 1. Magnetic plate 24 is then attracted to the NdFeB waste material on the rotating plate. After magnetic plate 24 moves to the appropriate position, servo motor 13 is deactivated, and cylinder 315 is activated, which pushes cylinder 24. After moving up and down to the appropriate position (i.e., when the second adsorption element can adsorb the adsorption iron 24), close cylinder three 15 and open cylinder two 14. Cylinder two 14 pushes the second adsorption element towards the adsorption plate 24 until the second adsorption element contacts the side of the adsorption plate 24. Close cylinder two 14 and open the second adsorption element, allowing the second adsorption element to adsorb onto the adsorption plate 24. Close the first adsorption element and open cylinder two 14, causing the adsorption plate 24 to move towards the direction close to cylinder three 15 until the entire moving length of the adsorption plate 24 is greater than the length inside the processing box 1. Then, cylinder two 14 pushes the adsorption plate 24 away from cylinder two 14 until the adsorption plate 24 contacts the first adsorption element. Open the first adsorption element. Hold the magnetic plate 24, close the adsorption component 2, turn on the servo motor 13 to return the magnetic plate 24 to its initial position, turn off the servo motor 13 and the power supply 1, and the iron impurities adsorbed by the magnetic plate 24 fall from below the magnetic plate 24 into the groove 1 of the collecting component 21. Turn on the cylinder 4 34 of the blocking mechanism 1 and the blocking mechanism 2. The cylinder 4 34 drives the baffle 32 to move away from the cylinder 4 34 until the baffle 32 blocks the through hole 1 and the through hole 2. Turn off the cylinder 4 34, turn on the cylinder 5 37, and the cylinder 5 37 pushes the sliding component 38 to move along the slide rail 36, so that the sliding component 38 drives the fixed disk 35 to rotate through the connecting rod 39, that is, the rotating plate rotates, so that the fine NdFeB waste on the rotating plate falls into the acid leaching tank 2.

[0072] Repeat the operation in the previous section until all the fine NdFeB waste that can be screened on the sieve plate enters the acid leaching tank 2.

[0073] At this time, the rotating plate is horizontal. Power supply 2 and extraction pump 19 are turned on. Multiple heating tubes heat the acid leaching tank 2. Extraction pump 19 draws the acid solution from storage tank 6 into acid inlet pipe 7. Acid inlet pipe 7 discharges the acid solution into acid leaching tank 2. After a certain amount of acid solution is discharged (a flow meter is installed on acid inlet pipe 7), drive motor 15 is turned on. Drive motor 15 drives the stirring shaft to rotate, fully mixing and reacting the fine NdFeB waste with the acid solution. After a period of time, the gas generated during the reaction is discharged through the exhaust pipe. Drive motor 15 is turned off, extraction pump 219 is turned on, and the acid leaching solution is discharged through liquid outlet pipe 17 to the extraction and separation equipment for further processing.

[0074] In this invention, before the magnet plate 24 enters the processing box 1, after the fine NdFeB waste falls onto the rotating plate, the staff needs to flatten the fine NdFeB waste on the rotating plate through the through hole 2.

[0075] In this invention, the workers can remove the moving rod and sliding part 4 from the screen plate to take the screen plate out of the processing box 1, and then re-pre-process the coarse NdFeB waste that has not passed the screening.

[0076] In this invention, the above process can be adjusted according to the on-site conditions.

[0077] In this invention, the above process can be automatically controlled by a controller.

[0078] As a technical solution of this invention, the provided hardware configuration is merely for facilitating the implementation of specific braking control based on the hardware facilities. How to specifically implement braking control and the braking control method are not the technical problems to be solved or the objects of protection of this invention. Furthermore, the communication methods between the devices all adopt existing communication methods and are not the inventive point of this application.

[0079] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments that can be applied to other fields. However, any simple modifications or equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pretreatment device for extracting rare earth from neodymium iron boron waste, comprising a treatment box (1), characterized in that, The processing box (1) has a feed inlet at the top and an acid leaching box (2) detachably connected and connected to the bottom of the processing box (1). An outlet pipe (17) is installed and connected to the bottom of the acid leaching box (2). An extraction and separation device is connected to the end of the outlet pipe (17). A second extraction pump (19) is installed on the outlet pipe (17). From top to bottom, the processing box (1) is equipped with a primary crushing mechanism, a secondary crushing mechanism, a sieving mechanism and an iron suction mechanism. An exhaust pipe is installed and connected to the acid leaching box (2). An acid leaching mechanism is installed in the acid leaching box (2). A bracket (3) is installed on the outer periphery of the processing box (1). The magnetic attraction mechanism includes a support plate (23) and a magnetic plate (24). The support plate (23) is installed on the outside of the processing box (1). A cylinder (12) is installed on the support plate (23). The piston rod end of the cylinder (12) is detachably connected to a guide rail (10) via a connector (11). A servo motor (13) is installed at the end of the guide rail (10). A ball screw is detachably connected to the output end of the servo motor (13). A slider (22) is fitted on the ball screw. An adsorption component is installed on the side of the slider (22). The adsorption component adsorbs the magnetic plate (24). A power supply is connected to the magnetic plate (24). A through hole is opened at the position corresponding to the magnetic plate (24) in the processing box (1). A blocking mechanism is installed on the outside of the through hole. The processing box (1) has a support plate two installed on the side away from the support plate one (23). A cylinder three (15) is installed on the support plate two. The piston rod end of the cylinder three (15) is detachably connected to a cylinder two (14) through a connector two (16). The piston rod end of the cylinder two (14) is detachably connected to an adsorption component two. A through hole two is opened on the side of the processing box (1) near the support plate two at the position corresponding to the through hole one. A blocking mechanism two is installed on the outside of the through hole two. A collection component (21) is installed on the side of the processing box (1) near the support plate one (23). A groove one is opened on the top of the collection component (21).

2. The pretreatment equipment for extracting rare earth elements from NdFeB waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sieving mechanism includes a sieve plate, a side plate (18), and a moving rod (26). The sieve plate is located inside the processing box (1). Sliding parts (4) are installed on both sides of the sieve plate. The sliding parts (4) pass through the side of the processing box (1). The side plate (18) is installed on the side of the processing box (1). The moving rod (26) is detachably connected to the side of the sliding parts (4) near the side plate (18). Two fixed seats (30) are installed below the side plate (18). The moving rod (26) passes through the two fixed seats (30). A rack (27) is installed on the outer periphery of the moving rod (26).

3. The pretreatment equipment for extracting rare earth elements from NdFeB waste according to claim 2, characterized in that, A drive motor 2 (20) is installed on the side of the side plate 1 (18). The output end of the drive motor 2 (20) is detachably connected to a rotating disk (25). The rack (27) meshes with an arc gear (29). A rotating shaft 1 is installed inside the arc gear (29). The rotating shaft 1 is rotatably connected to the side plate 1 (18). A moving part (28) is installed on the outer periphery of the arc gear (29). A sliding hole is opened on the side of the moving part (28). A connecting column (31) is eccentrically installed on the side of the rotating disk (25). The connecting column (31) is located in the sliding hole.

4. The pretreatment equipment for extracting rare earth elements from NdFeB waste according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The processing box (1) is provided with an adjustment mechanism below the magnetizing mechanism. The adjustment mechanism includes a rotating plate and a fixed disc (35). The rotating plate is located inside the processing box (1). A rotating shaft is installed on the side of the rotating plate. The rotating shaft passes through the side of the processing box (1). A fixed disc (35) is installed at the end of the rotating shaft. A slide rail (36) is installed on the side of the processing box (1) near the fixed disc (35). A sliding member (38) is slidably connected in the slide rail (36). A connecting shaft (40) is eccentrically installed on the side of the fixed disc (35) away from the rotating shaft. A connecting rod (39) is hinged between the connecting shaft (40) and the sliding member (38). A cylinder (37) is installed at the end of the slide rail (36). The piston rod end of the cylinder (37) is detachably connected to the sliding member (38).

5. The pretreatment equipment for extracting rare earth elements from NdFeB waste according to claim 2, characterized in that, The secondary crushing mechanism includes a feeding component (43) and a fixed cylinder (46). The feeding component (43) is installed inside the processing box (1), and the fixed cylinder (46) is installed inside the processing box (1) via multiple fixing components (45). The feeding component (43) connects the primary crushing mechanism and the fixed cylinder (46). Two arc-shaped blocking components (44) are installed in the processing box (1) below the feeding component (43). Both arc-shaped blocking components (44) are tangent to the bottom of the feeding component (43). The fixed cylinder (46) has multiple through holes on its outer periphery. A rotating cylinder (47) is installed inside the fixed cylinder (46). A ring pipe (49) is installed below the fixed cylinder (46) through a fixing member (52). Multiple nozzles are installed and connected above the ring pipe (49). A drive motor (51) is installed below the fixed cylinder (46) through a fixing member (2) (48) and a fixing member (3) (50). The output end of the drive motor (51) is eccentrically installed with the rotating cylinder (47). An air inlet pipe is installed and connected to the bottom of the ring pipe (49). The air inlet pipe passes through the side of the processing box (1). An air compressor (8) is detachably connected to the end of the air inlet pipe. An extraction pump is installed on the air inlet pipe.

6. The pretreatment equipment for extracting rare earth elements from NdFeB waste according to claim 2, characterized in that, The acid leaching mechanism includes an acid inlet pipe (7) and a drive motor (5). The end of the acid inlet pipe (7) is located inside the acid leaching tank (2). A cavity is provided between the inner and outer sides of the acid leaching tank (2). Multiple heating tubes are installed in the cavity. Each heating tube is connected to a power supply. A storage tank (6) is detachably connected to the end of the acid inlet pipe (7) away from the acid leaching tank (2). The storage tank (6) is filled with acid. A pump (9) is installed on the acid inlet pipe (7). The drive motor (5) is installed on the side of the acid leaching tank (2). The output end of the drive motor (5) is detachably connected to a stirring shaft. The stirring shaft is located inside the acid leaching tank (2) and has multiple stirring blades installed on it.

7. The pretreatment equipment for extracting rare earth elements from NdFeB waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the blocking mechanism one and the blocking mechanism two include a baffle (32) and a cylinder four (34). The baffle (32) is located on the outside of the through hole one or through hole two. The cylinder four (34) is installed on the side of the processing box (1). A connector three (33) is installed on the side of the baffle (32). The piston rod end of the cylinder four (34) is detachably connected to the connector three (33).

8. The pretreatment equipment for extracting rare earth elements from NdFeB waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extraction pump 2 (19) is externally connected to a controller, and the primary crushing mechanism, secondary crushing mechanism, sieving mechanism, iron suction mechanism and acid leaching mechanism are all connected to the controller in communication.

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