Dam seepage prevention layer temperature self-adaptive system

Abstract

The application provides a dam anti-seepage layer temperature self-adaptive system, and relates to the technical field of dam engineering. The system comprises: a dam panel configured to be laid on a cushion layer of a dam body, the dam panel comprising a leveling cement layer, an asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer and a sealing layer which are sequentially laid on the cushion layer from inside to outside; a water pumping module, a water pumping end of the water pumping module being configured to be arranged at a reservoir bottom, a water delivery end of the water pumping module being in communication with a water inlet of a grid pipe network, and the water pumping module being used to transmit water at the reservoir bottom to the grid pipe network according to a water pumping instruction of a control module; an air pumping module, an air pumping end of the air pumping module being configured to be arranged at a power plant, an air delivery end of the air pumping module being in communication with an air inlet of the grid pipe network, and the air pumping module being used to transmit air at the power plant to the grid pipe network according to an air pumping instruction of the control module; and the control module being used to generate a temperature self-adaptive strategy according to a temperature of the dam panel, the temperature self-adaptive strategy comprising the water pumping instruction and / or the air pumping instruction. The application can guarantee the anti-seepage effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dam engineering technology, and more specifically, to a temperature adaptive system for dam seepage prevention layers. Background Technology

[0002] Asphalt concrete panels are key seepage prevention structures laid on the surfaces of hydraulic structures such as dams. They exhibit excellent performance under most environmental conditions. They not only have reliable waterproofing capabilities, effectively preventing reservoir water from seeping downstream through the dam body and ensuring the normal operation of hydraulic structures, but also have a long service life. In addition, they have outstanding mechanical properties, effectively resisting pressure, shear force, and fatigue damage, meeting the long-term use requirements of hydraulic engineering projects.

[0003] However, in related technologies, asphalt, as the main component of asphalt concrete panels, has material properties that lead to significant limitations of the panels under extreme temperatures: at high temperatures, asphalt is prone to softening and deformation, which reduces the density of the panels and increases their permeability, directly weakening their seepage prevention effect; and due to the thermal expansion and contraction characteristics of asphalt, softened asphalt concrete is more prone to cracking when the temperature changes, and some cracks may even penetrate the entire panel, seriously damaging the structural integrity and further deteriorating the seepage prevention function; while under low temperature conditions, the brittleness of asphalt increases significantly, making it more prone to cracking. If the situation continues, the asphalt concrete panels may freeze and break, completely losing their seepage prevention ability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The problem addressed by this invention is how to avoid the limitations of asphalt concrete panels under extreme temperatures and ensure seepage prevention.

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a temperature adaptive system for the dam's seepage barrier layer, comprising a dam panel, a pumping module, an air extraction module, and a control module.

[0006] The dam panel is configured to be laid on the cushion layer of the dam body. The dam panel includes a leveling and bonding layer, an asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer and a sealing layer laid sequentially on the cushion layer from the inside out. The asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer includes multiple grid pipe networks.

[0007] The pumping end of the pumping module is configured to be located at the bottom of the reservoir, and the water delivery end of the pumping module is connected to the inlet of the grid pipe network, so as to transfer water from the bottom of the reservoir to the grid pipe network according to the pumping command of the control module.

[0008] The extraction end of the extraction module is configured to be located in the power plant, and the air delivery end of the extraction module is connected to the air inlet of the grid network, for transmitting air from the power plant to the grid network according to the extraction command of the control module.

[0009] The control module is used to generate a temperature adaptive strategy based on the temperature of the dam panel, the temperature adaptive strategy including the pumping command and / or the air pumping command.

[0010] Optionally, the control module includes a prediction unit, a feedforward compensator, a feedback controller, and an instruction unit;

[0011] The prediction unit is used to generate the required flow rate for future temperature changes based on historical temperature data using an LSTM model, and to generate the required calculated flow rate based on the rated required flow rate and the required flow rate for future temperature changes, wherein the rated required flow rate is determined based on the actual parameters of the system.

[0012] The feedforward compensator is used to generate a feedforward compensated flow rate based on the required calculated flow rate, the current fluid temperature, and the current fluid flow rate.

[0013] The feedback controller is used to generate feedback compensation flow based on the PID algorithm, according to the current temperature of the impermeable layer and the target temperature of the impermeable layer;

[0014] The instruction unit is used to generate the required total fluid flow rate based on the required calculated flow rate, the feedforward compensation flow rate, and the feedback compensation flow rate, and to generate the target pump speed and the temperature adaptive strategy based on the required total fluid flow rate.

[0015] Optionally, generating the feedforward compensation flow rate based on the required calculated flow rate, the current fluid temperature, and the current fluid velocity includes:

[0016] Based on the required flow rate, the current fluid temperature, and the current fluid velocity, the feedforward compensation flow rate formula is used to generate the feedforward compensation flow rate, which includes:

[0017] ;

[0018] in, G ff The feedforward compensation flow rate, K ff For temperature feedforward gain, T ff The temperature-time constant, K G For flow feedforward gain, T 2 represents the target temperature of the impermeable layer. T _ in The current fluid temperature at the fluid inlet. G set To calculate the required flow rate, G _ inThe current fluid velocity at the fluid inlet. t For time.

[0019] Optionally, generating the feedback compensation flow rate based on the current temperature and target temperature of the impermeable layer includes:

[0020] Based on the current temperature and target temperature of the impermeable layer, the feedback compensation flow rate is generated using a feedback compensation flow rate formula, which includes:

[0021] ;

[0022] in, G fb For the feedback compensation traffic, K p For proportional gain, e(t) The difference between the target temperature of the impermeable layer and the current temperature of the impermeable layer. K i For integral gain, K d For differential gain, t For time.

[0023] Optionally, generating the target pump speed based on the required total fluid flow rate includes:

[0024] Based on the required total fluid flow rate, the target pump speed is generated using the pump speed calculation formula, and a corrected rotational speed is generated based on the PID control pump speed formula. The pump speed calculation formula includes:

[0025] ;

[0026] in, N base The target pump speed, N max For maximum pump speed, G base The total required fluid flow rate. G max Maximum flow rate;

[0027] The PID formula for regulating pump speed includes:

[0028] ;

[0029] in, N(t) For the corrected rotational speed, e(t) The difference between the target temperature of the impermeable layer and the current temperature of the impermeable layer. K p For proportional gain, K iFor integral gain, K d For differential gain, t For time.

[0030] Optionally, the temperature adaptive strategy includes:

[0031] When the current temperature of the impermeable layer is higher than the first temperature threshold, the pumping command is generated based on the target pump speed. If the temperature change of the impermeable layer within a preset time is lower than the first preset change, the air pumping command is generated.

[0032] When the current temperature of the impermeable layer is lower than the second temperature threshold, the air pumping command is generated based on the target pump speed. If the temperature change of the impermeable layer within the preset time is lower than the second preset change, the water pumping command is generated.

[0033] Optionally, the pumping module includes multiple submersible pumps, the pumping ends of the multiple submersible pumps are configured to be located at the bottom of the reservoir, the water delivery ends of the multiple submersible pumps are connected to the corresponding water inlets through a confluence inlet pipe, the outlet of the grid network is connected to the confluence outlet pipe, and the outlet of the confluence outlet pipe faces the inside of the reservoir.

[0034] Optionally, the air extraction module includes multiple first air extraction pumps and corresponding second air extraction pumps. The first air extraction pumps are configured to be located at the top of the dam, and the second air extraction pumps are configured to be located between the power plant and the dam. The air delivery ends of the multiple first air extraction pumps are connected to the corresponding air inlets. The air extraction ends of the first air extraction pumps are connected to the air delivery ends of the corresponding second air extraction pumps through first air extraction pipes. The air extraction ends of the second air extraction pumps are configured to be connected to the power plant through second air extraction pipes.

[0035] Optionally, the dam seepage barrier temperature adaptive system also includes a wave wall vertically installed at the top of the dam.

[0036] Optionally, the grid network includes water pipes and air pipes arranged in a curved, parallel pattern.

[0037] The beneficial effects of the dam seepage barrier temperature adaptive system of the present invention are:

[0038] Firstly, through the scientific configuration of the dam panel, the sequentially laid subbase and leveling bonding layer provide a stable and flat foundation for the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer, effectively ensuring the integrity and load-bearing stability of the anti-seepage layer structure. The sealing layer protects the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer from external environmental erosion. Meanwhile, the multiple grid pipe networks installed within the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer form a crucial channel for the subsequent temperature-regulating medium transmission between the pumping and air extraction modules, laying the structural foundation for temperature regulation. Secondly, the pumping module, with its pumping end located at the bottom of the reservoir and its water delivery end connected to the grid pipe network inlet, can precisely deliver low-temperature water from the reservoir bottom to the grid pipe network according to the pumping command from the control module. Through direct heat exchange between the low-temperature water and the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer, targeted cooling is achieved, effectively alleviating the high-temperature environment. The asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer is prone to softening and flowing. Furthermore, the extraction module, with its extraction end located in the power plant and its transmission end connected to the grid network inlet, can introduce constant-temperature air from the power plant—warm in winter and cool in summer—into the grid network according to the extraction command from the control module. This provides heat to the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer in winter to prevent freezing and breakage, and assists in temperature regulation in summer, all without requiring additional energy to generate heat or cold sources, achieving energy-saving temperature control. Finally, the control module can generate a temperature adaptive strategy including pumping and / or extraction commands based on the real-time temperature of the dam panel. This allows the system to automatically switch or combine pumping and extraction temperature control methods according to temperature changes, ensuring the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer remains within a suitable temperature range. This achieves efficient and precise temperature adaptive control, guaranteeing the structural integrity and anti-seepage performance of the anti-seepage layer. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the dam seepage prevention layer temperature adaptive system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of the structure of the dam seepage prevention layer temperature adaptive system provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is the third schematic diagram of the structure of the dam seepage prevention layer temperature adaptive system provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the grid network provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0044] 1. Dam Facing; 11. Leveling and Bonding Layer; 12. Asphalt Concrete Anti-seepage Layer; 121. Grating Network; 122. Inlet; 123. Air Inlet; 124. Outlet; 125. Water Pipe; 126. Air Pipe; 127. Connector; 128. Air Outlet; 13. Sealing Layer; 2. Pumping Module; 21. Submersible Pump; 22. Combining Inlet Pipe; 23. Combining Outlet Pipe; 3. Air Extraction Module; 31. First Air Extraction Pump; 32. Second Air Extraction Pump; 33. First Air Extraction Pipe; 34. Second Air Extraction Pipe; 35. Air Outlet Pipe; 4. Power Plant; 5. Wave Wall; 6. Ventilation Tunnel; 7. Subbase. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although some embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the present invention. It should be understood that the accompanying drawings and embodiments of the present invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] The term "comprising" and its variations as used herein are open-ended, meaning "including but not limited to"; the term "based on" means "at least partially based on"; the term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments"; and the term "optionally" means "optional embodiments". Definitions of other terms will be given in the following description. It should be noted that the concepts of "first," "second," etc., mentioned in this invention are used only to distinguish different devices, modules, or units, and are not intended to limit the order of functions performed by these devices, modules, or units or their interdependencies.

[0047] It should be noted that the terms "a" and "a plurality of" used in this invention are illustrative rather than restrictive. Those skilled in the art should understand that, unless otherwise expressly indicated in the context, they should be understood as "one or more".

[0048] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a dam seepage prevention layer temperature adaptive system, including a dam panel 1, a pumping module 2, an air extraction module 3, and a control module;

[0049] The dam panel 1 is configured to be laid on the cushion layer 7 of the dam body. The dam panel 1 includes a leveling and bonding layer 11, an asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12, and a sealing layer 13 laid sequentially on the cushion layer 7 from the inside out. The asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12 includes multiple grid pipe networks 121.

[0050] Specifically, the dam panel 1 is configured to be laid on the foundation layer 7 of the dam body. The dam panel 1 includes a leveling and bonding layer 11, an asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12, and a sealing layer 13, laid sequentially from the inside out on the foundation layer 7. The foundation layer 7 is a layer of riprap material laid on the foundation surface of the dam body, used to provide a stable foundation and improve the connection between the upper materials (leveling and bonding layer 11, asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12, and sealing layer 13) and the foundation, helping to distribute the load, reduce uneven settlement, and provide a certain degree of water-proofing. The leveling and bonding layer 11 is on the foundation layer 7, used for foundation leveling and improving the bonding effect between the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12 and the foundation layer 7, ensuring the stability and integrity of the upper structure (asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12 and sealing layer 13). The asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12 is laid on the foundation layer 7. The upper part, used to prevent water seepage, is the core component of the dam panel 1. It includes multiple grid pipe networks 121, which are laid in the middle of the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12, that is, the grid pipe networks 121 are laid at 1 / 2 to 1 / 3 of the thickness of the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12. At least one layer of grid pipe networks 121 can be laid in the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12. The number of grid pipe networks 121 in each layer can be set according to the area of ​​the grid pipe networks 121 and the dam body. When there are at least two layers of grid pipe networks 121, the adjacent two layers of grid pipe networks 121 are separated by the asphalt concrete of the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12. The sealing layer 13 is the outermost layer covering the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12, which is made of asphalt mastic material to prevent the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12 from aging and to protect the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12. It should be understood that the shapes of the various components of the dam panel 1 are set according to the shape of the dam body to completely cover the dam body. Figure 4 The direction of the middle arrow indicates the flow of air or water.

[0051] The pumping end of the pumping module 2 is configured to be located at the bottom of the reservoir, and the water delivery end of the pumping module 2 is connected to the inlet 122 of the grid pipe network 121, for transmitting water from the bottom of the reservoir to the grid pipe network 121 according to the pumping command of the control module.

[0052] Specifically, the pumping end of the pumping module 2 is configured to be located at the bottom of the reservoir, and the water supply end of the pumping module 2 is connected to the inlet 122 of the grid pipe network 121. It is used to transfer water from the bottom of the reservoir to the grid pipe network 121 according to the pumping command of the control module. Since the temperature of the water at the bottom of the reservoir changes little over time, heat exchange can be carried out in the grid pipe network 121 through the water at the bottom of the reservoir when the temperature of the dam panel 1 is too high or too low, so as to achieve adaptive temperature adjustment of the dam.

[0053] The extraction end of the extraction module 3 is configured to be located in the power plant 4, and the air supply end of the extraction module 3 is connected to the air inlet 123 of the grid pipe network 121, for transmitting air from the power plant 4 to the grid pipe network 121 according to the extraction command of the control module.

[0054] Specifically, the extraction end of the extraction module 3 is configured to be located in the power plant 4, and the air supply end of the extraction module 3 is connected to the air inlet 123 of the grid pipe network 121. It is used to transfer the air from the power plant 4 to the grid pipe network 121 according to the extraction command of the control module. The air temperature in the power plant 4 is constant. When the temperature of the dam panel 1 is too high or too low, heat exchange can be carried out in the grid pipe network 121 through the air in the power plant 4 to achieve adaptive temperature adjustment of the dam.

[0055] The control module is used to generate a temperature adaptive strategy based on the temperature of the dam panel 1. The temperature adaptive strategy includes the pumping command and / or the air pumping command.

[0056] Specifically, temperature sensors are embedded at each node of the dam to monitor the dam temperature in real time. The control module generates a temperature adaptive strategy based on the temperature of the dam panel 1. The temperature adaptive strategy includes pumping commands and / or air extraction commands, which in turn control the pumping module 2 or the air extraction module 3 to pump water or extract air to achieve heat exchange.

[0057] For example, in this embodiment, the dam is located on the mountaintop, and the power plant 4 is located at the foot of the mountain or underground at a certain depth. The power plant 4 can generate hydroelectric power through the dam reservoir located on the mountaintop, thereby producing constant temperature air.

[0058] For example, the dam seepage prevention layer temperature adaptive system of this embodiment can be used not only for dam seepage prevention, but also for seepage prevention of water conservancy, energy, or industrial facilities that require water storage / retention, such as the seepage prevention of pumped storage power station reservoirs. Pumped storage power station reservoirs refer to reservoirs formed by a combination of excavation and filling based on terrain conditions. Generally, a dam is built at the mouth of a ditch, and the surrounding area is excavated to form a reservoir. A certain thickness of cushion layer 7 is first laid on the dam slope at the mouth of the ditch and the surrounding excavated reservoir bank slopes, and then the dam panel 1, pumping module 2, air extraction module 3, and control module are laid to ensure the seepage prevention effect.

[0059] In this embodiment, firstly, by scientifically configuring the dam panel 1, the pad layer 7 and the leveling and bonding layer 11 laid sequentially from the inside out provide a stable and flat foundation for the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12, effectively ensuring the integrity and load-bearing stability of the anti-seepage layer structure. The sealing layer 13 protects the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12 from external environmental erosion. The multiple grid pipe networks 121 installed in the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12 provide a crucial channel for the subsequent temperature-regulating medium transmission between the pumping module 2 and the air extraction module 3, laying the structural foundation for the realization of the temperature regulation function. Secondly, the pumping module 2 has its pumping end located at the bottom of the reservoir and its water delivery end connected to the inlet 122 of the grid pipe network 121. Based on the pumping command from the control module, it can accurately deliver low-temperature water from the reservoir bottom to the grid pipe network 121. Through direct heat exchange between the low-temperature water and the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12, targeted cooling is achieved. This effectively alleviates the problem of softening and flowing of the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12 under high-temperature conditions. Furthermore, the air extraction module 3 has its extraction end located at the air inlet 123 of the power plant 4 and its air transmission end connected to the grid pipe network 121. According to the air extraction command of the control module, it can introduce the constant temperature air of the power plant 4, which is warm in winter and cool in summer, into the grid pipe network 121. In winter, it can supplement the heat of the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12 to prevent it from freezing at low temperatures. In summer, it can assist in temperature regulation without the need for additional energy consumption to generate heat or cold sources, thus achieving energy-saving temperature regulation. Finally, the control module can generate a temperature adaptive strategy that includes water pumping command and / or air extraction command based on the real-time temperature of the dam panel 1. This allows the system to automatically switch or combine water pumping and air extraction temperature regulation methods according to temperature changes, ensuring that the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12 is always in a suitable temperature range, achieving efficient and accurate temperature adaptive control, and ensuring the structural integrity and anti-seepage performance of the anti-seepage layer.

[0060] Optionally, the control module includes a prediction unit, a feedforward compensator, a feedback controller, and an instruction unit;

[0061] The prediction unit is used to generate the required flow rate for future temperature changes based on historical temperature data using an LSTM model, and to generate the required calculated flow rate based on the rated required flow rate and the required flow rate for future temperature changes, wherein the rated required flow rate is determined based on the actual parameters of the system.

[0062] The feedforward compensator is used to generate a feedforward compensated flow rate based on the required calculated flow rate, the current fluid temperature, and the current fluid flow rate.

[0063] The feedback controller is used to generate feedback compensation flow based on the PID algorithm, according to the current temperature of the impermeable layer and the target temperature of the impermeable layer;

[0064] The instruction unit is used to generate the required total fluid flow rate based on the required calculated flow rate, the feedforward compensation flow rate, and the feedback compensation flow rate, and to generate the target pump speed and the temperature adaptive strategy based on the required total fluid flow rate.

[0065] Specifically, the LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) model can capture long-term dependencies in temperature sequences. Based on historical temperature data, such as the temperature data from the past 48 hours, it can predict the temperature trend for the next 24 hours, thereby determining the flow rate required for future temperature changes. The LSTM model includes an input layer, hidden layers, and a transport layer. The input layer receives input data, such as historical temperature data. The hidden layers consist of 2-3 layers, each with 50-200 neurons, using the tanh activation function. The output layer is a fully connected layer that outputs the flow rate required for future temperature changes. The required flow rate is the sum of the rated required flow rate and the flow rate required for future temperature changes. Flow sensors are also installed at each node of the pumping module 2, the air pumping module 3, and the grid network 121 to monitor the flow rate at each node. The feedforward compensator monitors the fluid temperature and flow rate of water and air in real time. Based on environmental disturbances, such as changes in inlet temperature or flow fluctuations, it pre-compensates for heat loss due to environmental disturbances before these disturbances affect the system output, reducing the impact of external factors on temperature. The feedback controller, based on a PID algorithm, generates a feedback compensation flow rate according to the current and target temperatures of the impermeable layer. This involves comparing the temperature difference between the current and target temperatures for feedback compensation. The instruction unit generates the required total fluid flow rate based on the calculated flow rate, feedforward compensation flow rate, and feedback compensation flow rate. The required total fluid flow rate is the sum of these three flows. Based on this total fluid flow rate, a target pump speed and temperature adaptive strategy are generated to control either the pumping module 2 or the air pumping module 3 to operate at the target pump speed. The feedback controller does not operate during the first calculation of the total fluid flow rate, and there is no feedback compensation flow rate. It operates during the second calculation, thus achieving closed-loop control.

[0066] For example, the steps for determining the rated required flow rate based on actual system parameters include:

[0067] The inlet fluid temperature of the bar network is determined based on the formula for the temperature at the end of the pipe. This formula includes:

[0068] ;

[0069] in, T in This refers to the inlet fluid temperature of the grid pipe network, which is also the end temperature of the pipe in the extraction module 3. T a The ambient air temperatureT 1 represents the pipe inlet temperature. h The overall heat transfer coefficient of the pipeline is... D The effective diameter of the pipe (the diameter after adding insulation measures) is in meters. G This refers to the fluid mass flow rate, expressed in kg / s. C Let C be the specific heat capacity of air at constant pressure, and C = 1.005 kJ / (kg·K). L 1 represents the total length of the pipeline between the air extraction module 3 and the power plant 4.

[0070] The overall heat transfer coefficient of the pipeline is obtained from the formula for the overall heat transfer coefficient of the pipeline, which includes:

[0071] ;

[0072] Where h1 is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the fluid inside the pipe and the inner wall of the pipe, h2 is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the outer wall of the pipe and the ambient air, D0 is the inner diameter of the pipe, λ1 is the thermal conductivity of the pipe, D1 is the outer diameter of the pipe, and λ2 is the thermal conductivity of the pipe insulation layer.

[0073] The total thermal resistance of the grid pipe network 121 is determined according to the total thermal resistance formula. The total thermal resistance formula includes:

[0074] ;

[0075] Where R is the total thermal resistance of the grid pipe network 121 during the heat transfer process, and h3 is the convective heat transfer coefficient of the inner surface of the grid pipe network 121, in W / m. 2 K,d are the outer diameters of the grid pipe network. λ3 is the wall thickness of the grid network, λ4 is the thermal conductivity of the grid network, λ5 is the thermal conductivity of the concrete, both in W / m·K, and A is the thickness of the concrete protective layer above the grid network.

[0076] According to the law of conservation of energy, the heat transferred from the fluid in the grid pipe network 121 to the asphalt concrete should be equal to the heat loss of the fluid in the pipe. Therefore, the outlet fluid temperature of the grid pipe network is:

[0077] ;

[0078] in, T out The outlet fluid temperature of the bar network. T w The target temperature for the impermeable layer, T in The inlet fluid temperature of the grid pipe network. L 2 represents the total length of the grid pipe network 121. G This refers to the fluid mass flow rate, expressed in kg / s.C The specific heat capacity of air at constant pressure. R Let k be the total thermal resistance of the heat transfer process of the grid pipe network 121, and k be the reduction factor. Since the pipe transfers heat to all sides, the reduction factor k is taken as 0.6~0.8.

[0079] The heat loss of the upper surface of asphalt concrete is Where h4 is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the asphalt concrete surface and the external air, with units of W / m2·K. T w The target temperature for the impermeable layer, T a The ambient air temperature is S, and the spacing between the grid pipes is S. L 2 represents the total length of the grid network 121. The heat loss on the upper surface of the asphalt concrete is also the heat exchange required between the fluid in the grid network and the asphalt concrete in this system.

[0080] According to the law of conservation of energy, the heat lost by the fluid in the grid network 121 should be equal to the heat loss from the upper surface of the asphalt concrete. Therefore, the heat loss relationship is as follows:

[0081] ;

[0082] ;

[0083] ;

[0084] in, C The specific heat capacity of air at constant pressure. G This refers to the fluid mass flow rate, also known as the rated required flow rate, expressed in kg / s. T in The inlet fluid temperature of the grid pipe network. T out The outlet fluid temperature of the bar network. Q S For heat loss, T w The target temperature for the impermeable layer, L 2 represents the total length of the grid network 121, and R represents the total thermal resistance of the grid network 121 during heat transfer. Based on the heat loss relationship, the fluid mass flow rate G, i.e., the rated required flow rate, can be obtained by using a trial-and-error method.

[0085] For example, the instruction unit is further configured to determine the required intra-pipe flow velocity of the grid network 121 according to the intra-pipe flow velocity formula, thereby calculating the target pump speed based on the intra-pipe flow velocity. The intra-pipe flow velocity formula includes:

[0086] ;

[0087] in, vLet V be the flow velocity inside the pipe, d be the pipe diameter, G be the fluid mass flow rate, and ρ be the density of the fluid inside the pipe.

[0088] Optionally, generating the feedforward compensation flow rate based on the required calculated flow rate, the current fluid temperature, and the current fluid velocity includes:

[0089] Based on the required flow rate, the current fluid temperature, and the current fluid velocity, the feedforward compensation flow rate formula is used to generate the feedforward compensation flow rate, which includes:

[0090] ;

[0091] in, G ff The feedforward compensation flow rate, K ff For temperature feedforward gain, T ff The temperature-time constant, K G For flow feedforward gain, T 2 represents the target temperature of the impermeable layer. T _ in The current fluid temperature at the fluid inlet. G set To calculate the required flow rate, G _ in The current fluid velocity at the fluid inlet. t For time.

[0092] Specifically, the temperature feedforward gain is used to adjust the temperature compensation intensity, with a typical value range of 0.5-1.2; the temperature time constant is used to adjust the temperature compensation response speed, with a typical value range of 5-30 seconds; and the flow feedforward gain is used to adjust the flow compensation intensity, with a typical value range of 0.3-0.8.

[0093] Optionally, generating the feedback compensation flow rate based on the current temperature and target temperature of the impermeable layer includes:

[0094] Based on the current temperature and target temperature of the impermeable layer, the feedback compensation flow rate is generated using a feedback compensation flow rate formula, which includes:

[0095] ;

[0096] in, G fb For the feedback compensation traffic, K p For proportional gain, e(t)The difference between the target temperature of the impermeable layer and the current temperature of the impermeable layer. K i For integral gain, K d For differential gain, t For time.

[0097] Specifically, the proportional gain is set to 0.5-2.0 in temperature control, the integral gain is set to 0.05-0.2 in temperature control, and the derivative gain is set to 0.01-0.1 in temperature control.

[0098] Optionally, generating the target pump speed based on the required total fluid flow rate includes:

[0099] Based on the required total fluid flow rate, the target pump speed is generated using the pump speed calculation formula, and a corrected rotational speed is generated based on the PID control pump speed formula. The pump speed calculation formula includes:

[0100] ;

[0101] in, N base The target pump speed, N max For maximum pump speed, G base The total required fluid flow rate. G max Maximum flow rate;

[0102] The PID formula for regulating pump speed includes:

[0103] ;

[0104] in, N(t) For the corrected rotational speed, e(t) The difference between the target temperature of the impermeable layer and the current temperature of the impermeable layer. K p For proportional gain, K i For integral gain, K d For differential gain, t For time.

[0105] Specifically, based on the required total fluid flow rate, maximum flow rate, and maximum pump speed, the target pump speed is determined using a pump speed calculation formula. This is then combined with a PID control algorithm to adjust the pump speed in real time, ensuring that the pump speed of the water pumping module 2 or the air pumping module 3 meets the temperature adaptation requirements. The control module also includes an actuator (frequency converter) to precisely adjust the speed of the water pump in the water pumping module 2 or the air pump in the air pumping module 3 according to the target pump speed, outputting a speed corresponding to the target pump speed to achieve "on-demand" heat transfer.

[0106] Optionally, the temperature adaptive strategy includes:

[0107] When the current temperature of the impermeable layer is higher than the first temperature threshold, the pumping command is generated based on the target pump speed. If the temperature change of the impermeable layer within a preset time is lower than the first preset change, the air pumping command is generated.

[0108] When the current temperature of the impermeable layer is lower than the second temperature threshold, the air pumping command is generated based on the target pump speed. If the temperature change of the impermeable layer within the preset time is lower than the second preset change, the water pumping command is generated.

[0109] Specifically, when the current temperature of the impermeable layer is higher than the first temperature threshold, it indicates that the temperature of the asphalt concrete impermeable layer 12 is too high and needs to be cooled. At this time, based on the target pump speed, a pumping command is generated, and heat exchange cooling is achieved solely through pumping water by the pumping module 2. If the temperature change of the impermeable layer within a preset time is lower than the first preset change, it indicates that the pumping module 2 cannot complete the cooling alone. At this time, an air extraction command is generated, and the air extraction module 3 works together with the pumping module 2 to achieve cooling until the temperature change of the impermeable layer within a preset time is higher than the first preset change. When the current temperature of the impermeable layer is lower than the second temperature threshold, it indicates that the temperature of the asphalt concrete impermeable layer 12 is too low and needs to be heated. At this time, based on the target pump speed, an air extraction command is generated, and heat exchange heating is achieved solely through air extraction by the air extraction module 3. If the temperature change of the impermeable layer within a preset time is lower than the second preset change, it indicates that the air extraction module 3 cannot complete the heating alone. At this time, a pumping command is generated, and the pumping module 2 and the air extraction module 3 work together to achieve heating until the temperature change of the impermeable layer within a preset time is higher than the second preset change.

[0110] Optionally, such as Figure 2 As shown, the pumping module 2 includes multiple submersible pumps 21. The pumping ends of the multiple submersible pumps 21 are configured to be located at the bottom of the reservoir. The water delivery ends of the multiple submersible pumps 21 are connected to the corresponding water inlets 122 through the confluence inlet pipe 22. The outlet 124 of the grid network 121 is connected to the confluence outlet pipe 23. The outlet of the confluence outlet pipe 23 faces the inside of the reservoir.

[0111] Specifically, the pumping module 2 includes multiple submersible pumps 21. The pumping ends of the multiple submersible pumps 21 are configured to be located at the bottom of the reservoir to draw water from the bottom. The water delivery ends of the multiple submersible pumps 21 are connected to corresponding inlets 122 through a confluence inlet pipe 22, thereby transferring the water from the bottom of the reservoir to the middle. The outlet 124 of the grid network 121 is connected to a confluence outlet pipe 23, and the outlet of the confluence outlet pipe 23 faces inward to discharge the water in the grid network 121 into the reservoir, achieving circulation. The elevation of the outlet of the confluence outlet pipe 23 is higher than the reservoir's check flood level. The multiple submersible pumps 21 ensure that the water from the bottom of the reservoir is effectively transferred to the grid network 121.

[0112] Optionally, such as Figure 1 As shown, the air extraction module 3 includes multiple first air extraction pumps 31 and corresponding second air extraction pumps 32. The first air extraction pumps 31 are configured to be located at the top of the dam, and the second air extraction pumps 32 are configured to be located between the power plant 4 and the dam. The air delivery ends of the multiple first air extraction pumps 31 are connected to the corresponding air inlets 123. The air extraction ends of the first air extraction pumps 31 are connected to the air delivery ends of the corresponding second air extraction pumps 32 through first air extraction pipes 33. The air extraction ends of the second air extraction pumps 32 are configured to be connected to the power plant 4 through second air extraction pipes 34.

[0113] Specifically, the air extraction module 3 includes multiple first air extraction pumps 31 and corresponding second air extraction pumps 32. The first air extraction pumps 31 are configured to be located at the top of the dam, and the second air extraction pumps 32 are configured to be located between the power plant 4 and the dam. The air supply end of the multiple first air extraction pumps 31 is connected to the corresponding air inlet 123. The air outlet 128 of the grid pipe network 121 is connected to one end of the air outlet pipe 35 of the air extraction module 3, and the other end of the air outlet pipe 35 is located externally. The air extraction end of the first air extraction pumps 31 is connected to the air supply end of the corresponding second air extraction pump 32 through the first air extraction pipe 33. The air extraction end of the second air extraction pump 32 is configured to be connected to the power plant 4 through the second air extraction pipe 34 located in the exhaust duct 6. Through the multiple first air extraction pumps 31 and the corresponding second air extraction pumps 32, the air in the power plant 4 can be effectively transferred to the grid pipe network 121.

[0114] Optionally, such as Figure 3 As shown, the dam seepage prevention layer temperature adaptive system also includes a wave wall 5 vertically installed at the top of the dam.

[0115] Specifically, the dam's seepage-proof layer temperature adaptive system also includes a vertically installed wave wall 5 at the top of the dam to prevent wave impact and erosion. The other end of the vent pipe 35 is located inside the wave wall 5, with its outlet facing outwards. The water collection pipe 23 is located inside the wave wall 5, with its outlet facing outwards and towards the reservoir.

[0116] Optionally, such as Figure 4 As shown, the grid network 121 includes water pipes 125 and air pipes 126 arranged in a curved, parallel pattern.

[0117] Specifically, the grid network 121 includes water pipes 125 and air pipes 126 arranged in a curved, parallel pattern, which can be fixed by connectors 127. The grid network 121 is a mesh structure composed of flexible hollow tubes with square mesh openings. It is installed inside the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12 and can be arranged in single or multiple layers depending on the thickness of the anti-seepage layer (adjacent layers are separated by asphalt concrete in the case of multiple layers). Functionally, it has both temperature self-adaptation and structural reinforcement functions, which can improve the shear and tensile strength of the anti-seepage layer and prevent tearing and high-temperature flow. Due to its flexible material, it can deform synchronously with the settlement of the dam body, avoiding the problem of rigid pipes being easily broken or damaging the anti-seepage layer, and it is integrated with the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12.

[0118] For example, this embodiment provides a construction method for a dam seepage barrier temperature adaptive system, the steps of which include:

[0119] After excavating the dam foundation and filling the dam body, and treating the foundation layer 7, the dam face 1 is constructed. The leveling and bonding layer 11 is then constructed to ensure a smooth surface, providing a good foundation for the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12. The asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12 is first laid to a portion of its designed thickness, then the grid network 121 is laid. The outlet 124, inlet 123, and outlet 128 of the grid network 121 are fixed to the wave wall 5, and the remaining designed thickness of the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12 is then laid on the grid network 121. The sealing layer 13 is then constructed by applying a 0.2cm thick asphalt mastic sealing layer to protect the asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer 12 from external environmental influences. At the dam... A first air extraction pump 31 and a second air extraction pump 32 are respectively installed at the top and four locations of the power plant building. A first air extraction pipe 33 and a second air extraction pipe 34 are also installed. The second air extraction pipe 34 is connected to the interior of the power plant building 4 along the ventilation tunnel 6. The second air extraction pipe 34 is connected to the second air extraction pump 32, and the second air extraction pump 32 is connected to the first air extraction pump 31 through the first air extraction pipe 33. The first air extraction pump 31 is connected to the air inlet 123 of the grid pipe network 121. A submersible pump 21 is installed at the bottom of the reservoir. The inlet pipe 22 of the grid pipe network 121 at the bottom of the reservoir is tightly connected to the submersible pump 21. The outlet pipe 23 of the grid pipe network 121 at the top of the dam is fixedly connected to the wave wall 5 on the upstream side of the dam top. Temperature and flow rate sensors are embedded. The temperature sensors, flow rate sensors, the first air extraction pump 31, the second air extraction pump 32, and the submersible pump 21 are all connected to the control module for communication.

[0120] While the present invention has been disclosed above, its scope of protection is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A temperature adaptive system for the seepage barrier layer of a dam, characterized in that, It includes a dam panel (1), a pumping module (2), an air extraction module (3), and a control module; The dam panel (1) is configured to be laid on the cushion layer (7) of the dam body. The dam panel (1) includes a leveling and bonding layer (11), an asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer (12), and a sealing layer (13) laid sequentially on the cushion layer (7) from the inside out. The asphalt concrete anti-seepage layer (12) includes multiple grid pipe networks (121), which are mesh structures composed of flexible hollow pipes. The pumping end of the pumping module (2) is configured to be located at the bottom of the reservoir, and the water conveying end of the pumping module (2) is connected to the inlet (122) of the grid network (121) to transmit water from the bottom of the reservoir to the grid network (121) according to the pumping command of the control module. The extraction end of the extraction module (3) is configured to be located in the power plant (4), and the air supply end of the extraction module (3) is connected to the air inlet (123) of the grid network (121) for transmitting the air of the power plant (4) to the grid network (121) according to the extraction command of the control module. The control module is used to generate a temperature adaptive strategy based on the temperature of the dam panel (1), the temperature adaptive strategy including the pumping command and / or the air pumping command; The control module includes a prediction unit, a feedforward compensator, a feedback controller, and an instruction unit. The prediction unit is used to generate the required flow rate for future temperature changes based on historical temperature data using an LSTM model, and to generate the required calculated flow rate based on the rated required flow rate and the required flow rate for future temperature changes, wherein the rated required flow rate is determined based on the actual parameters of the system. The feedforward compensator is used to generate a feedforward compensated flow rate based on the required calculated flow rate, the current fluid temperature, and the current fluid flow rate. The feedback controller is used to generate feedback compensation flow based on the PID algorithm, according to the current temperature of the impermeable layer and the target temperature of the impermeable layer; The instruction unit is used to generate the required total fluid flow rate according to the required calculated flow rate, the feedforward compensation flow rate, and the feedback compensation flow rate, and to generate the target pump speed and the temperature adaptive strategy based on the required total fluid flow rate. The step of generating a feedforward compensated flow rate based on the required calculated flow rate, current fluid temperature, and current fluid velocity includes: Based on the required flow rate, the current fluid temperature, and the current fluid velocity, the feedforward compensation flow rate formula is used to generate the feedforward compensation flow rate, which includes: ； in, G ff The feedforward compensation flow rate, K ff For temperature feedforward gain, T ff The temperature-time constant, K G For flow feedforward gain, T 2 represents the target temperature of the impermeable layer. T _ in The current fluid temperature at the fluid inlet. G set To calculate the required flow rate, G _ in The current fluid velocity at the fluid inlet. t For time; The temperature adaptive strategy includes: When the current temperature of the impermeable layer is higher than the first temperature threshold, the pumping command is generated based on the target pump speed. If the temperature change of the impermeable layer within a preset time is lower than the first preset change, the air pumping command is generated. When the current temperature of the impermeable layer is lower than the second temperature threshold, the air pumping command is generated based on the target pump speed. If the temperature change of the impermeable layer within the preset time is lower than the second preset change, the water pumping command is generated.

2. The dam seepage prevention layer temperature adaptive system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of generating feedback compensation flow based on the current temperature and target temperature of the impermeable layer includes: Based on the current temperature and target temperature of the impermeable layer, a feedback compensation flow rate is generated using a feedback compensation flow rate formula, which includes: ； in, G fb For the feedback compensation traffic, K p For proportional gain, e(t) The difference between the target temperature of the impermeable layer and the current temperature of the impermeable layer. K i For integral gain, K d For differential gain, t For time.

3. The dam seepage prevention layer temperature adaptive system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of generating the target pump speed based on the required total fluid flow rate includes: Based on the required total fluid flow rate, the target pump speed is generated using the pump speed calculation formula, and a corrected rotational speed is generated based on the PID control pump speed formula. The pump speed calculation formula includes: ； in, N base The target pump speed, N max For maximum pump speed, G base The total required fluid flow rate. G max Maximum flow rate; The PID formula for regulating pump speed includes: ； in, N(t) For the corrected rotational speed, e(t) The difference between the target temperature of the impermeable layer and the current temperature of the impermeable layer. K p For proportional gain, K i For integral gain, K d For differential gain, t For time.

4. The dam seepage prevention layer temperature adaptive system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pumping module (2) includes multiple submersible pumps (21), the pumping ends of the multiple submersible pumps (21) are configured to be located at the bottom of the reservoir, the water delivery ends of the multiple submersible pumps (21) are connected to the corresponding water inlet (122) through the confluence inlet pipe (22), the outlet (124) of the grid network (121) is connected to the confluence outlet pipe (23), and the outlet of the confluence outlet pipe (23) faces the inside of the reservoir.

5. The dam seepage prevention layer temperature adaptive system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air extraction module (3) includes multiple first air extraction pumps (31) and corresponding second air extraction pumps (32). The first air extraction pumps (31) are configured to be located at the top of the dam, and the second air extraction pumps (32) are configured to be located between the power plant (4) and the dam. The air delivery end of the multiple first air extraction pumps (31) is connected to the corresponding air inlet (123). The air extraction end of the first air extraction pump (31) is connected to the air delivery end of the corresponding second air extraction pump (32) through a first air extraction pipe (33). The air extraction end of the second air extraction pump (32) is configured to be connected to the power plant (4) through a second air extraction pipe (34).

6. The dam seepage barrier temperature adaptive system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a wave wall (5) that is vertically installed on the top of the dam.

7. The dam seepage barrier temperature adaptive system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grid network (121) includes water pipes (125) and air pipes (126) arranged in a curved, parallel pattern.

Images