Multi-purpose drill seeding machine

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-purpose drill seeding machine, which belongs to the technical field of seeding machines and comprises a rack, an air-blowing type seed-metering device fixedly mounted on the rack and a disc type seeding leg mounted at the rear end of the rack. Each disc type seeding leg comprises a mounting plate, an n-shaped plate, an outer scraping plate and an inner scraping plate, the mounting plates are mounted at the rear end of the rack at equal intervals, two paired ditching discs are rotatably mounted at the bottom of each mounting plate, the n-shaped plates are fixedly arranged on the mounting plates, and arc-shaped guide rods are slidably connected into connecting blocks fixedly mounted at the left and right ends of each n-shaped plate; the outer scraping plates are fixedly installed at the rear ends of the arc-shaped guide rods respectively, the outer scraping plates are matched with the outer side faces of the adjacent ditching discs respectively, and the front ends of the arc-shaped guide rods are obliquely arranged in the direction away from the ditching discs. The soil scraping effect is poor; and the seeding uniformity is poor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of seeders, specifically to a multi-purpose strip seeder. Background Technology

[0002] In large-scale agricultural planting, row seeders, as core planting equipment, are widely used in the sowing of various crops such as wheat, corn, and vegetables due to their high sowing efficiency and uniform plant spacing control. Existing row seeders include core components such as a frame, seed metering device, furrowing mechanism, and compaction mechanism. Their working principle involves a traction device moving the frame, the furrowing mechanism creating planting furrows in the soil, the seed metering device quantitatively delivering seeds into the furrows, and subsequent compaction and other processes completing the sowing operation. With the development of agricultural technology, existing row seeders have transitioned from manual sowing to mechanized and automated sowing, effectively reducing labor intensity, improving planting efficiency, and meeting the standardized and efficient sowing requirements of large-scale agricultural production.

[0003] As the core component of the furrowing mechanism, the furrowing disc rotates and cuts the soil to form planting furrows. However, its inner and outer surfaces are prone to contact and adhesion with moist and sticky soil during operation. When the soil moisture is high and the soil is highly sticky, soil particles will adhere tightly to the inner and outer surfaces of the furrowing disc. As the operation time increases, the adhered soil will gradually accumulate and thicken, causing multiple chain problems: First, soil accumulation changes the effective working diameter of the furrowing disc, resulting in deviations in the depth and width of the planting furrows, disrupting the consistency of seed sowing depth, and thus affecting seed germination rate and seedling uniformity. Second, accumulated soil can easily block the gaps between furrowing discs and seed discharge channels, causing seed drop to be obstructed, uneven plant spacing, and in severe cases, even missing seedlings or broken rows. Third, soil adhesion increases the rotational resistance of the furrowing disc, which not only reduces operating efficiency and increases energy consumption, but may also cause overload damage to the furrowing disc bearings, leading to equipment failure.

[0004] Referring to the Chinese patent document with authorization announcement number CN221532090U, announcement date August 16, 2024, entitled "A Self-Adjustable Seeder Scraping Device", it includes two mounting components, which are respectively set on both sides of the furrowing plate. The top of the mounting component is used to detachably connect to the furrowing bracket, and the bottom is used to lock and connect the scraper plate. The top of the scraper plate is connected to the middle surface of the mounting component. A spring assembly is provided at the end of the scraper plate near the mounting component. The spring assembly is used to push the scraper plate closer to the mounting component. The bottom of the furrowing bracket is used to rotatably mount the furrowing plate.

[0005] Referring to the above technical solution, when the scraper blade is deformed or worn, the spring assembly pushes the scraper blade against the surface of the furrowing disc, so that impurities on the surface of the furrowing disc will not pass through the gaps of the damaged scraper blade. In actual use, since the direction of movement of the scraper blade is almost perpendicular to the side of the furrowing disc, and the rotating furrowing disc drives the soil to generate a continuous circumferential thrust on the scraper blade, the direction of the thrust on the scraper blade by the soil is almost perpendicular to its direction of movement. The instantaneous impact force generated by the rigid contact between the soil and the scraper blade cannot be effectively buffered. This instantaneous impact force acts directly on the scraper blade. Long-term operation can easily cause the scraper blade to deform, the bolts to loosen, or the mounting frame to crack, thereby reducing the cleaning effect. Moreover, it cannot buffer and clean the soil adhering to the inside of the furrowing disc, and the soil adhering to the inside of the furrowing disc will interfere with the seed falling path and affect the uniformity of seed sowing. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, this application provides a multi-purpose row seeder, which aims to solve the problems of insufficient buffering, easy damage to the scraper, poor soil scraping effect, and poor seeding uniformity in existing row seeders when cleaning soil adhering to the furrowing plate.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides a multi-purpose row seeder, including a frame, an air-blowing seed metering device fixedly installed on the frame, and a disc-type seeding leg installed at the rear end of the frame.

[0008] The disc-type seeding leg includes a mounting plate, a U-shaped plate, an outer scraper, and an inner scraper. The mounting plate is installed at equal intervals at the rear end of the frame. Two paired furrowing discs are rotatably mounted on the bottom of each mounting plate. A U-shaped plate is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate. Arc-shaped guide rods are slidably connected inside the connecting blocks fixedly mounted at both ends of the U-shaped plate. The outer scrapers are fixedly mounted on the rear ends of the arc-shaped guide rods and are respectively configured to cooperate with the outer side of the adjacent furrowing discs. The front ends of the arc-shaped guide rods are inclined away from the furrowing discs. Arc-shaped springs are sleeved on the outer arc surfaces of the arc-shaped guide rods. A limit plate is fixedly mounted on the rear side of the U-shaped plate. A connecting column is vertically slidably connected inside the limit plate. The inner scraper is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the connecting column and cooperates with the inner side of the two adjacent furrowing discs. A straight spring is sleeved on the connecting column, and the two ends of the straight spring abut against the inner scraper and the limit plate, respectively. A guide pipe is fixedly installed on the mounting plate, and the seed outlet of the air-blowing seed meterer is connected to the upper end of the corresponding guide pipe through a flexible hose.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, when the trenching disc rotates to open trenches, the soil adhering to its outer surface comes into contact with the outer scraper. Soil with weak adhesion is directly scraped off by the outer scraper, while soil with strong adhesion pushes the outer scraper to drive the arc-shaped guide rod to slide and squeeze the arc-shaped spring. The reaction force of the arc-shaped spring increases with the increase of compression. At the same time, the arc-shaped guide rod slides away from the trenching disc, driving the outer scraper away from the trenching disc to assist in soil separation. The inner scraper, supported by the straight spring, fits against the inner surface of the trenching disc, scraping off the small amount of soil adhering to the inner surface, reducing soil adhesion between the inner and outer surfaces of the trenching disc, maintaining the smooth rotation of the trenching disc and the trenching effect, and effectively preventing the outer scraper from being deformed and damaged due to excessive impact force.

[0010] Optionally, a soil covering plate is fixedly installed at the rear end of the inner scraper, and two paired trenching discs are located inside the left and right ends of the soil covering plate. The left and right ends of the soil covering plate are inclined away from the inner scraper.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the soil covering board moves synchronously with the frame, and the inclined structure at both ends of the board pushes the soil along the upper edge of the trench into the trench, quickly completing the soil covering of the seeds that fall into the trench and preventing the seeds from being exposed on the soil surface, which would affect germination.

[0012] Optionally, an extension tube is fixedly installed at the front end of the inner scraper, and the lower end of the guide tube slides in cooperation with the inner wall of the corresponding extension tube.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, after the seeds enter the extension tube through the guide tube, the extension tube guides the seeds to the bottom of the trench, reducing the movement of the seeds between the two furrowing trays. When a lot of soil accumulates on the outside of the trench, the soil covering plate is supported by the soil and pushes the inner scraper to move upward, causing the extension tube to move upward relative to the guide tube, reducing the probability of soil adhering to the bottom of the extension tube. The guide tube scrapes away a small amount of soil at the lower end of the extension tube, ensuring accurate seed placement, improving the uniformity of sowing spacing, and avoiding soil accumulation that affects seed placement.

[0014] Optionally, the lower end of the side wall of the extension tube is provided with exhaust holes evenly distributed circumferentially.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the airflow that transports seeds in the feed pipe enters the extension pipe and is discharged in advance through the exhaust hole at the lower end of the side wall. The seeds fall into the groove by gravity in the extension pipe, reducing the probability of the seeds moving around in the groove with the airflow and further improving the uniformity of sowing.

[0016] Optionally, an arc-shaped protective plate is fixedly installed on the mounting plate. The arc-shaped protective plate is located above the two paired trenching discs and extends to the front side of the trenching discs to prevent soil from entering between the two paired trenching discs.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, when the frame moves forward to open trenches, the arc-shaped protective plate covers the top of the two paired trenching discs, preventing soil that is raised or scattered during the operation from entering between the two trenching discs, thus avoiding soil entering between the trenching discs and affecting the accuracy of seed placement.

[0018] Optionally, a support frame is fixedly installed on the mounting plate, and a pressing wheel is rotatably mounted at the rear end of the support frame. The pressing wheel is arranged in a front-to-back correspondence with the trenching disc. An L-shaped scraper is fixedly installed on the support frame, and the L-shaped scraper is fitted with the upper end of the outer arc surface of the pressing wheel. An elastic strip is installed on the support frame, and the rear end of the elastic strip is located on the rear side of the pressing wheel and is arranged in a front-to-back correspondence with the pressing wheel.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the pressing wheel moves and rotates with the mounting plate to press the soil backfilled in the trench. The L-shaped scraper continuously scrapes off the soil adhering to its surface as the pressing wheel rolls. The elastic strip loosens the surface layer of the pressed soil, so that the seedbed is neither too tight nor too loose, which is conducive to seed germination and breaking through the soil, while avoiding soil adhesion that affects the pressing effect.

[0020] Optionally, the rear end of the frame is hinged to an upper connecting frame and a lower connecting frame, which are vertically aligned. The mounting plate is hinged to the vertically aligned upper connecting frame and lower connecting frame, and a tension spring is connected to the rear end of the upper connecting frame and the front end of the vertically aligned lower connecting frame.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, when the frame moves forward, the mounting plate forms a four-bar linkage contouring structure with the frame through the upper and lower connecting frames. The tension spring provides continuous tension, allowing the mounting plate to rise and fall with the terrain. The limiting strip on the lower connecting frame restricts excessive deformation of the four-bar linkage contouring structure, ensuring consistent sowing depth and guaranteeing the stability of sowing quality.

[0022] Optionally, the front end of the frame is equipped with a front drive rake that rotates along a linear array.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the front-drive harrow is driven by the tractor's power take-off shaft to deeply harrow the soil as the frame moves forward, improving the soil structure, creating favorable soil conditions for seed germination, and increasing the seedling emergence rate.

[0024] Optionally, a heavy-duty toothed roller is rotatably mounted on the frame, and the heavy-duty toothed roller is located behind the front drive rake.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, when the frame moves forward, the heavy-duty wolf tooth roller is driven to rotate by the soil friction force, crushing and breaking up the soil clods after the front drive harrow has been deeply harrowed, forming a flat seedbed, and providing favorable conditions for subsequent sowing operations.

[0026] Optionally, a fertilizer applicator is fixedly installed at the upper end of the frame, and a furrow opener is provided at the lower end of the frame. The discharge pipe of the fertilizer applicator extends into the interior of the furrow opener, and the furrow opener and the disc-type seeding leg are arranged alternately in the left and right directions.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, the fertilizer applicator discharges the fertilizer through an electric control. The fertilizer is transported to the furrow opener through the discharge pipe. The furrow opener performs side-by-side fertilization on the seedling strip. The furrow opener and the disc-type sowing leg are arranged alternately on the left and right sides, so as not to interfere with each other in the sowing operation. This provides nutrients to the seed roots in a timely manner, ensures the seed growth needs, and avoids interference between fertilization and sowing.

[0028] In summary, compared with the prior art, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects: 1. Through the cooperation of the outer scraper, arc-shaped guide rod, and arc-shaped spring, the outer scraper can automatically give way and elastically reset when it encounters soil resistance. The arc-shaped guide rod slides away from the trenching plate, driving the outer scraper away from the trenching plate to assist in soil separation. This achieves automatic scraping of soil adhering to the outer side of the trenching plate, ensuring smooth rotation of the trenching plate and stable trenching effect, while effectively preventing the outer scraper from deforming and being damaged due to excessive impact. Moreover, the coordinated work of the inner and outer scrapers removes the soil adhering to the inner and outer sides of the trenching plate, keeping the trenching plate clean and preventing blockage or rotation obstruction caused by soil accumulation, thus improving the reliability and continuity of the machine's operation.

[0029] 2. After the seeds enter the extension tube through the feed pipe, the extension tube guides the seeds to the bottom of the groove, reducing the movement of the seeds between the two furrowing trays. Moreover, the airflow that transports the seeds in the feed pipe enters the extension tube and is discharged in advance through the exhaust hole at the lower end of the side wall. The seeds fall into the groove by gravity in the extension tube, further reducing the probability of the seeds moving around in the groove with the airflow, ensuring accurate seed placement and improving the uniformity of the sowing spacing.

[0030] 3. The soil covering board moves synchronously with the frame. Its inclined structure at both ends pushes the soil on the upper edge of the trench into the trench, quickly covering the seeds that fall into the trench and preventing the seeds from being exposed on the soil surface, which would affect germination. When a lot of soil accumulates on the outside of the trench, the soil covering board is supported by the soil and pushes the inner scraper upward, which drives the extension pipe to move upward relative to the guide pipe, reducing the probability of soil adhering to the bottom of the extension pipe. At the same time, the guide pipe can scrape off a small amount of soil at the lower end of the extension pipe to avoid affecting the normal feeding of seeds. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-purpose strip seeder according to this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the isometric structure of a multi-purpose strip seeder according to this application; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the front-drive rake in this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the disc-type seeding leg and the press wheel of this application; Figure 5 This is a rear plan view of the disc-type seeding leg structure of this application; Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of the mounting plate, feed tube, and extension tube of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer scraper, arc-shaped guide rod, and connecting block of this application.

[0032] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Air-blown seed metering device; 3. Disc-type seeding leg; 31. Mounting plate; 32. U-shaped plate; 33. Outer scraper; 34. Inner scraper; 35. Furrowing disc; 4. Arc-shaped guide rod; 5. Arc-shaped spring; 6. Limiting plate; 7. Connecting column; 8. Straight spring; 9. Feed guide pipe; 10. Covering plate; 11. Extension pipe; 12. Vent hole; 13. Arc-shaped protective plate; 14. Support frame; 15. Pressing wheel; 16. L-shaped scraper; 17. Upper connecting frame; 18. Lower connecting frame; 19. Front-mounted drive rake; 20. Heavy-duty toothed roller; 21. Fertilizer applicator; 22. Furrow opener; 23. Elastic strip; 24. Tension spring; 25. Connecting block. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The following will be described in conjunction with embodiments of this application. Figures 1-7 The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application are clearly and completely described herein. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 This embodiment provides a multi-purpose row seeder, including a frame 1, an air-blowing seed metering device 2, and a disc-type seeding leg 3. The air-blowing seed metering device 2 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the frame 1, and the disc-type seeding leg 3 is installed on the rear end of the frame 1. A guide pipe 9 is fixedly installed on the mounting plate 31. The seed discharging ports of the air-blowing seed metering device 2 are all connected to the upper end of the corresponding guide pipe 9 through a flexible hose (the air-blowing seed metering device 2 has a precision seed metering disc inside and is connected to an air pump to generate a stable airflow and realize quantitative seed discharging, which is existing technology and will not be described in detail here). The seeds are accelerated into the flexible hose under the action of the airflow and transported to the groove opened in the disc-type seeding leg 3 through the guide pipe 9. The accelerated transport by the airflow can reduce the retention of seeds in the pipeline and ensure the continuity of seed discharging.

[0035] A front-drive harrow 19 is mounted on the front end of the frame 1, rotating along a linear array. Driven by the tractor's power take-off shaft, the harrow 19 deeply harrows the soil during its forward movement. This deep harrowing breaks up the compacted layer, loosens the topsoil, and improves soil aeration and water retention, creating a favorable soil environment for seed germination and thus increasing the seedling emergence rate. A heavy-duty toothed roller 20 is rotatably mounted on the frame 1, located behind the front-drive harrow 19. During the forward movement of the frame 1, the heavy-duty toothed roller 20 rotates under the influence of soil friction, crushing and breaking up large-diameter clods after deep harrowing, thus breaking up the topsoil into a fine and uniform state, providing a suitable environment for subsequent sowing operations. The seedbed base is flat and loose. A fertilizer applicator 21 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the frame 1, and a furrow opener 22 is installed at the lower end of the frame 1. The furrow opener 22 consists of two symmetrically inclined, offset discs forming a V-shaped furrowing structure. The discs embed themselves into the soil to create furrows. The discharge pipe of the fertilizer applicator 21 extends into the furrow opener 22. The frame 1 moves the furrow opener 22 to create furrows. The fertilizer applicator 21 is electrically controlled to apply fertilizer. The fertilizer enters the furrow opener 22 through the discharge pipe, providing lateral fertilization to the seedlings, avoiding direct contact between fertilizer and seeds to prevent seedling burn. This also allows the roots to quickly access nutrients after germination, meeting the seedling growth needs. The furrow opener 22 and the disc-shaped sowing legs 3 are staggered in the left-right direction to ensure that fertilization and sowing processes do not interfere with each other.

[0036] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 4 The disc-type seeding leg 3 includes a mounting plate 31. Two paired furrowing discs 35 are rotatably mounted on the bottom of the mounting plate 31. The lower front sides of the two paired furrowing discs 35 are close together, while their upper rear sides are far apart, forming a V-shaped structure (see reference). Figure 5 The machine is used to quickly push the soil outward to open furrows during rotation. The rear end of the frame 1 is hinged with an upper connecting frame 17 and a lower connecting frame 18, which are vertically aligned. The mounting plate 31 is hinged to the vertically aligned upper connecting frame 17 and lower connecting frame 18. The rear end of the upper connecting frame 17 and the front end of the vertically aligned lower connecting frame 18 are connected with a tension spring 24. The mounting plate 31, the upper connecting frame 17, the lower connecting frame 18 and the frame 1 form a four-bar linkage contouring structure. With the tension of the tension spring 24, it can move up and down with the terrain during operation to ensure the consistency of the sowing depth. The lower connecting frame 18 is equipped with a limiting strip to limit the mounting plate 31 to prevent excessive deformation of the four-bar linkage contouring structure.

[0037] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5The disc-type seeding leg 3 also includes a U-shaped plate 32, an outer scraper 33, and an inner scraper 34. The U-shaped plate 32 is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate 31. Connecting blocks 25 are fixedly mounted at both ends of the U-shaped plate 32. Arc-shaped guide rods 4 are slidably connected inside the connecting blocks 25. The outer scrapers 33 are respectively fixedly mounted at the rear ends of the arc-shaped guide rods 4. The outer scrapers 33 are respectively configured to cooperate with the outer side of the adjacent furrowing disc 35. In order to ensure the stability of the outer scrapers 33 during use, the number of arc-shaped guide rods 4 sliding inside the connecting blocks 25 is set to two. The front end of each arc-shaped guide rod 4 is provided with a protrusion to prevent the arc-shaped guide rod 4 from separating from the connecting block 25 during sliding. The front end of each arc-shaped guide rod 4 is inclined away from the furrowing disc 35 (refer to...). Figure 5 and Figure 7 The outer arc surface of the arc-shaped guide rod 4 is fitted with an arc-shaped spring 5, and the two ends of the arc-shaped spring 5 abut against the outer scraper 33 and the connecting block 25 respectively.

[0038] During the trenching process, the outer surface of the trenching disc 35 usually adheres to some soil. As the trenching disc 35 rotates to the outer scraper 33, the weakly adhered soil is directly scraped off by the outer scraper 33. When the soil adhesion is strong, the outer scraper 33 slides through the arc-shaped guide rod 4 and compresses the arc-shaped spring 5 under the pushing action of the soil. The elastic buffering effect of the arc-shaped spring 5 absorbs the impact force of the soil, preventing the outer scraper 33 from deforming and being damaged due to excessive instantaneous impact force. As the compression of the arc-shaped spring 5 gradually increases, the outer scraper 33... As the scraper 33 exerts a gradually increasing thrust on the soil, the soil separates from the surface of the trenching disc 35. Since the front ends of the arc-shaped guide rods 4 are all inclined away from the trenching disc 35, when the arc-shaped guide rods 4 slide along the inside of the connecting block 25, they will drive the outer scraper 33 to move away from the trenching disc 35, thereby assisting in separating the soil from the outer wall of the trenching disc 35, significantly improving the cleaning effect, avoiding the accumulation of adhering soil which would cause uneven trenching width and irregular trench shape in the trenching disc 35, and preventing the adhering soil from affecting the trenching effect of the trenching disc 35.

[0039] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 A limiting plate 6 is fixedly installed on the rear side of the U-shaped plate 32. A connecting column 7 is vertically slidably connected inside the limiting plate 6. An inner scraper 34 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the connecting column 7 and cooperates with the inner side of the two adjacent furrowing discs 35 to scrape off the soil adhering to the inner side of the furrowing discs 35. A straight spring 8 is sleeved on the connecting column 7. The two ends of the straight spring 8 abut against the inner scraper 34 and the limiting plate 6 respectively. During the furrowing process of the furrowing discs 35 rotating to open furrows, the inner scraper 34, supported by the straight spring 8, continuously scrapes off the soil adhering to the inner side of the furrowing discs 35 (especially the fine soil embedded in the gaps of the disc surface during the furrowing process), to avoid the accumulation of soil on the inner side affecting the matching accuracy of the two furrowing discs 35, to ensure the stability of the V-shaped furrowing structure, and thus to ensure the regularity of the sowing furrow shape.

[0040] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 A soil covering plate 10 is fixedly installed at the rear end of the inner scraper 34. The soil covering plate 10 has a door-shaped structure. Two paired furrowing discs 35 are located on the inner sides of the left and right ends of the soil covering plate 10. The left and right ends of the soil covering plate 10 are inclined to the side away from the inner scraper 34 (forming an flared structure). The soil covering plate 10 moves with the frame 1. After the seeds are sown, the soil covering plate 10 uses its inclined end to push the loose soil on both sides of the furrow into the furrow, so as to achieve rapid seed coverage and avoid problems such as bird pecking, drying or reduced germination rate caused by the seeds being exposed on the soil surface. At the same time, it ensures that the soil covering thickness is uniform.

[0041] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 An extension tube 11 is fixedly installed at the front end of the inner scraper 34. The lower end of the guide tube 9 slides in cooperation with the inner wall of the corresponding extension tube 11. The vertical length of the lower end of the guide tube 9 is greater than the maximum upward stroke of the extension tube 11, ensuring that the lower end of the guide tube 9 is always inside the extension tube 11 and slides in cooperation with the inner wall of the extension tube 11 during the up and down movement of the extension tube 11. The extension tube 11 is used to guide the seeds, making the seeds closer to the bottom of the furrow, reducing the probability of the seeds moving between the two furrowing discs 35 under the propulsion of the airflow, making the seed placement more accurate, and ensuring the uniformity of the seed planting spacing. When there is a lot of soil accumulating on the outside of the furrow, the covering plate 10 covers the soil. Under the support, the inner scraper 34 is pushed upward, which in turn drives the extension pipe 11 to rise, preventing the backfill soil in the trench from adhering to the lower end of the extension pipe 11 and causing blockage. At the same time, the guide pipe 9 slides down relative to the extension pipe 11, which can scrape and clean the small amount of soil adhering to the lower end of the extension pipe 11, reducing soil accumulation. The lower end of the side wall of the extension pipe 11 is evenly provided with exhaust holes 12 along the circumference. The diameter of the exhaust holes 12 is 2-3mm. The exhaust holes 12 are used to discharge the airflow used for seed transportation inside the guide pipe 9 in advance, so that the seeds are fed into the extension pipe 11 by gravity, completely avoiding the seed landing point deviation caused by the airflow in the trench, and further improving the sowing uniformity.

[0042] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 6 An arc-shaped protective plate 13 is fixedly installed on the mounting plate 31. The arc-shaped protective plate 13 is located above the two paired trenching discs 35 and extends to the front side of the trenching discs 35. It is used to prevent soil and debris splashed during trenching from entering the pairing gap between the two trenching discs 35, so as to avoid the gap from being blocked and affecting the rotation flexibility of the trenching discs 35. At the same time, it protects the inner extension pipe 11 and the feed pipe 9 interface from soil impact.

[0043] Reference Figure 4A support frame 14 is fixedly installed on the mounting plate 31. A pressing wheel 15 is rotatably mounted at the rear end of the support frame 14. The pressing wheel 15 is arranged in a corresponding manner to the trenching disc 35. An L-shaped scraper 16 is fixedly installed on the support frame 14. The L-shaped scraper 16 is matched with the upper end of the outer arc surface of the pressing wheel 15. The L-shaped scraper 16 is used to scrape off the soil adhering to the surface of the pressing wheel 15 in real time during the rolling process, so as to avoid soil accumulation and uneven pressure of the pressing wheel 15, and ensure consistent pressing effect. An elastic strip 23 is installed on the support frame 14. The rear end of the elastic strip 23 is located on the rear side of the pressing wheel 15 and is arranged in a corresponding manner to the pressing wheel 15.

[0044] The pressing wheel 15 moves forward with the mounting plate 31. During the movement, the pressing wheel 15 rotates to press the soil backfilled in the trench, so that the soil and seeds are in close contact, ensuring the water supply required for seed germination and improving the soil's moisture retention capacity. The elastic strip 23 is made of spring steel and produces reciprocating elastic deformation under the action of soil friction. It lightly scrapes and combs the surface of the pressed soil, breaking the tendency of surface compaction and keeping the surface of the seedbed loose. This is not only conducive to seed germination and breaking through the soil, but also reduces soil moisture evaporation, providing favorable conditions for the vigorous growth of seedlings.

[0045] The implementation principle of a multi-purpose strip seeder according to an embodiment of this application is as follows: The frame 1 is connected to an external tractor, which pulls the frame 1 to move. The front-drive harrow 19 is driven by the tractor's power take-off shaft to deeply harrow the soil, creating favorable soil conditions for seed germination. The heavy-duty toothed roller 20, located behind the front-drive harrow 19, rotates synchronously under the action of soil friction, crushing the harrowed soil clods. Simultaneously, the fertilizer applicator 21 is started electrically, and fertilizer is conveyed through the discharge pipe to the furrow opener 22 at the lower end of the frame 1, where it applies fertilizer to the seedling strips from the side.

[0046] As the frame 1 moves forward, the mounting plate 31, through the upper connecting frame 17, the lower connecting frame 18, and the frame 1 forming a four-bar linkage contour structure, combined with the tension of the tension spring 24, can rise and fall with the terrain to ensure consistent sowing depth. When the two paired furrowing discs 35 at the bottom of the mounting plate 31 rotate, the V-shaped furrowing discs 35 push the soil outward, quickly completing the furrowing operation. During this process, the outer scrapers 33 at both ends of the U-shaped plate 32, with the cooperation of the arc-shaped guide rod 4 and the arc-shaped spring 5, always remain in contact with the outer surface of the furrowing disc 35. When soil adheres to the outer surface of the furrowing disc 35, the soil with weak adhesion is directly scraped off by the outer scraper 33, while the soil with strong adhesion pushes the outer scraper 33 to drive the arc-shaped guide rod 4 to slide and squeeze the arc-shaped spring 5. As the compression of the arc-shaped spring 5 increases, the pushing force of the outer scraper 33 on the soil gradually increases. At the same time, the arc-shaped guide rod 4 tilts and slides away from the furrowing disc 35, assisting the soil in contact with the furrowing disc. The outer surface of the trenching disc 35 is separated to prevent soil adhesion from affecting the trenching effect. At the same time, the inner scraper 34, supported by the connecting column 7 and the straight spring 8, continuously scrapes away the small amount of soil adhering to the inner surface of the trenching disc 35, ensuring the smooth rotation of the trenching disc 35. When the inner scraper 34 encounters stubborn adhering objects or debris, it can move upward and compress the straight spring 8. The elastic deformation of the straight spring 8 absorbs the impact force and prevents the inner scraper 34 from being damaged. At the same time, the reaction force of the straight spring 8 keeps the inner scraper 34 in contact with the inner surface of the trenching disc 35, ensuring the continuity of the soil scraping effect.

[0047] After the air-blowing seed metering device 2 is activated, the seeds are accelerated by a stable airflow generated by the air pump and enter the feed pipe 9 through a flexible tube, and then transported to the extension pipe 11 at the front end of the inner scraper 34. The extension pipe 11 slides with the feed pipe 9, which allows the seeds to be closer to the bottom of the furrow, reducing the probability of the seeds moving between the two furrowing discs 35 and ensuring uniform sowing spacing. The exhaust hole 12 at the lower end of the side wall of the extension pipe 11 discharges the airflow that transports the seeds in advance, allowing the seeds to be fed by gravity, further preventing the seeds from moving around in the furrow with the airflow. After the seeds fall into the furrow, the soil covering plate 10 moves with the frame 1, pushing the soil on both sides of the upper edge of the furrow into the furrow, completing the covering of the seeds and preventing the seeds from being exposed on the soil surface.

[0048] The compaction roller 15 rotates forward along the frame 1, compacting the backfilled soil in the trench. Simultaneously, the L-shaped scraper 16 on the support frame 14 continuously cleans the soil adhering to the upper part of the outer arc surface of the compaction roller 15, preventing soil from affecting the compaction effect. The elastic strip 23 on the rear side of the compaction roller 15 loosens the surface layer of the compacted soil, ensuring that the seedbed is neither too loose nor too tight, thus providing favorable conditions for seed germination, breaking through the soil, and vigorous growth.

[0049] Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "installation", "connection", "linking", and "setting" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

Claims

1. A multi-purpose drill seeder, comprising a frame (1), a pneumatic seed metering device (2) fixedly installed on the frame (1), and a disc-type seeding leg (3) installed at the rear end of the frame (1), characterized in that: the disc-type seeding leg (3) comprises a mounting plate (31), an L-shaped plate (32), an outer scraper (33), and an inner scraper (34), the mounting plate (31) is equidistantly installed at the rear end of the frame (1), the bottom of the mounting plate (31) is rotatably installed with two pair of furrow discs (35), the L-shaped plate (32) is fixedly arranged on the mounting plate (31), the inside of the connecting block (25) fixedly installed at the left and right ends of the L-shaped plate (32) is slidably connected with an arc-shaped guide rod (4), the outer scraper (33) is fixedly installed at the rear end of the arc-shaped guide rod (4), the outer scraper (33) is arranged in cooperation with the outer side of the adjacent furrow disc (35), the front end of the arc-shaped guide rod (4) is obliquely arranged away from the furrow disc (35), the outer arc surface of the arc-shaped guide rod (4) is sleeved with an arc spring (5), the rear side of the L-shaped plate (32) is fixedly installed with a limiting plate (6), the inside of the limiting plate (6) is vertically slidably connected with a connecting column (7), the inner scraper (34) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the connecting column (7) and arranged in cooperation with the inner side of the adjacent two furrow discs (35), the connecting column (7) is sleeved with a straight spring (8), and the two ends of the straight spring (8) are in abutment with the inner scraper (34) and the limiting plate (6); the mounting plate (31) is fixedly installed with a material guide pipe (9), and the seed discharge port of the pneumatic seed metering device (2) is communicated with the upper end of the corresponding material guide pipe (9) through a hose.

2. A multi-purpose drill-seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear end of the inner scraper (34) is fixedly installed with a covering plate (10), and the two pair of furrow discs (35) are located at the inner sides of the left and right ends of the covering plate (10), and the left and right ends of the covering plate (10) are obliquely arranged away from the inner scraper (34).

3. A multi-purpose drill-seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front end of the inner scraper (34) is fixedly installed with an extension pipe (11), and the lower end of the material guide pipe (9) is slidably arranged in cooperation with the inner wall of the corresponding extension pipe (11).

4. A multi-purpose drill-seeder according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lower end of the side wall of the extension pipe (11) is uniformly provided with an exhaust hole (12) in the circumferential direction.

5. The multi-purpose drill-seeder of claim 1, wherein: The mounting plate (31) is fixedly installed with an arc-shaped protective plate (13), the arc-shaped protective plate (13) is located above the two pair of furrow discs (35) and extends to the front side of the furrow discs (35), and is used for blocking the soil from entering between the two pair of furrow discs (35).

6. A multi-purpose drill-seeder according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The mounting plate (31) is fixedly installed with a support frame (14), the rear end of the support frame (14) is rotatably provided with a roller (15), the roller (15) is arranged in front of and behind the furrow disc (35) in correspondence, the support frame (14) is fixedly installed with an L-shaped scraper (16), the L-shaped scraper (16) is arranged in cooperation with the outer arc surface upper end of the roller (15), the support frame (14) is installed with an elastic strip (23), and the rear end of the elastic strip (23) is located at the rear side of the roller (15) and arranged in front of and behind the roller (15) in correspondence.

7. The multi-purpose drill-seeder of claim 1, wherein: The rear end of the rack (1) is respectively hinged with an upper connecting frame (17) and a lower connecting frame (18), the upper connecting frame (17) and the lower connecting frame (18) are vertically corresponding, the mounting plate (31) is respectively hinged with the vertically corresponding upper connecting frame (17) and the lower connecting frame (18), and the rear end of the upper connecting frame (17) and the front end of the vertically corresponding lower connecting frame (18) are connected with a tension spring (24).

8. The multi-purpose drill-seeder of claim 1, wherein: The front end of the rack (1) is linearly arrayed and rotatably provided with a front driving harrow (19).

9. A multi-purpose drill-seeder according to claim 8, characterized in that: A heavy-duty wolf tooth roller (20) is rotatably arranged on the rack (1), and the heavy-duty wolf tooth roller (20) is located at the rear side of the front driving harrow (19).

10. The multi-purpose drill-seeder of claim 1, wherein: A fertilizer applicator (21) is fixedly installed at the upper end of the rack (1), and an opener (22) is arranged at the lower end of the rack (1), a discharge pipe of the fertilizer applicator (21) extends into the opener (22), and the opener (22) and the disc type seeding leg (3) are arranged in a staggered manner in the left-right direction.

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