A compound organic fertilizer based on multi-source waste collaborative aerobic fermentation and a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on multi-source waste synergic aerobic fermentation composite organic fertilizer and its preparation method and application, belong to agricultural waste fermentation technical field.Composite organic fertilizer includes by mass percentage: 20%~30% of pear dregs, 15%~25% of agricultural and forestry waste power plant coarse slag (5~10 mm), 10%~20% of agricultural and forestry waste power plant fine slag (0.5~2 mm), 15%~25% of soybean meal dregs, 5%~15% of porous carbon and 0.1%~0.3% of fermentation bacterial agent.The composite organic fertilizer uses solid waste and agricultural waste as raw material, adds composite microbial inoculum and carries out aerobic fermentation treatment.Through the cooperation of multiple raw materials, the problems of low utilization rate of waste slag, unbalanced nutrition of organic fertilizer, low fermentation efficiency and poor nutrient retention rate in the prior art are solved, realizing the recycling of agricultural waste resources, and outputting high-nutrient, easily-absorbed organic fertilizer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural waste fermentation technology, specifically relating to a compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] With the industrialization of agriculture and the large-scale development of food processing, the disorderly disposal of various processing wastes has become a key bottleneck restricting the green development of the industry.

[0003] Pear pomace is rich in soluble sugars (15%–22%), pectin (8%–12%), and crude protein (5%–8%), but its moisture content is as high as 75%–85%. If left untreated, it will undergo anaerobic decomposition within 24–48 hours, releasing malodorous gases such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia (ammonia concentration can reach 150–300 mg / m³). 3 Meanwhile, the leachate has a COD value of 5000-8000 mg / L and an ammonia nitrogen content exceeding 300 mg / L. Direct infiltration into the soil can lead to soil pore blockage and microbial community imbalance, while flowing into water bodies can cause eutrophication. Currently, some companies treat pear pomace by drying and then incinerating it, but the incineration process is energy-intensive (it requires 80-100 kg of standard coal per ton of pear pomace to dry) and destroys organic matter, making resource recycling impossible.

[0004] Agricultural and forestry waste power plant slag refers to the solid residue collected from the furnace bottom and flue gas purification system after agricultural and forestry waste such as crop straw, tree branches, rice husks, and peanut shells are burned at high temperatures in a power plant boiler to generate electricity. Agricultural and forestry waste power plant slag can be divided into coarse slag and fine slag. Coarse slag mainly consists of larger solid particles that are not carried by the airflow during boiler combustion and are discharged directly from the grate or furnace bottom. Its formation is directly related to the residence time of fuel in the furnace, the combustion temperature distribution, and the initial size of the fuel particles. It typically forms in the early stages of combustion when large fuel particles do not completely break down and settle. The particle size of coarse slag is usually 5-10 mm. The main components of fine slag are silicon dioxide (35%~45%), calcium oxide (10%~15%), and residual cellulose (8%~12%). It is hard and has high porosity (30%~40%), requiring a large amount of land for landfill (1.2~1.5 acres per 10,000 tons of slag). Furthermore, it is highly alkaline (pH 8.5~10.0), and long-term accumulation can easily lead to soil alkalization in the surrounding area. Fine slag, on the other hand, flows with the high-temperature flue gas generated during combustion and is captured by dust collectors (such as bag filters and electrostatic precipitators). It consists mostly of fine ash and some incompletely burned ultrafine carbon particles produced during fuel combustion. Its formation depends on the carrying capacity of the flue gas and the separation efficiency of the dust collection equipment. Fine slag typically has a particle size of less than or equal to 0.5 mm, a potassium content of 3%~5%, and a phosphorus content of 0.8%~1.2%, but it has fine particles and a large specific surface area (1.5~2.0 m²). 2 The coarse slag ( / g) readily clumps when wet and has extremely poor air permeability (its oxygen transfer efficiency is only 1 / 3 that of coarse slag). If used directly as fertilizer, it will lead to soil compaction and hinder crop root respiration. Currently, agricultural and forestry waste power plant slag is mostly mixed and used for roadbed filling or simple composting, without achieving graded utilization. This not only wastes the nutrients in the fine slag, but also results in uneven nutrient content in the compost product (total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content is often below 3%) due to the conflicting physicochemical properties of coarse and fine slag.

[0005] Soybean meal residue, a byproduct of soybean processing, has an annual production exceeding 3 million tons. Its crude protein content is as high as 25%–35%, and its total amino acid content exceeds 20%, making it a high-quality nitrogen source. However, when fermented aerobically alone, it has significant drawbacks: First, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is too low (only 8–12:1), far below the optimal fermentation requirement for microorganisms (25–30:1), leading to excessive microbial growth during fermentation. A large amount of nitrogen evaporates as ammonia (nitrogen loss rate reaches 30%–50%), while simultaneously producing a large amount of organic acids (pH value drops to 4.5–5.5), inhibiting the activity of beneficial bacteria. Second, the fermentation cycle is long (traditional single fermentation requires 30–40 days), and the high-temperature period (above 55℃) is short (only 2–3 days), resulting in a pathogen kill rate of less than 80%, failing to meet the organic fertilizer hygiene standards (GB / T 19524.1-2021). Third, the fermentation product is prone to absorbing moisture and clumping, with a storage period of only 1–2 months, limiting its practicality.

[0006] Porous carbon has a high specific surface area (500~1500 m²). 2 With its abundant mesoporous structure (2~50 nm pore size accounting for 60%~70%) and strong surface adsorption, porous carbon has been used in the field of environmental remediation to adsorb heavy metals and volatile organic compounds. However, its application in organic fertilizer fermentation has obvious limitations: at present, there are only reports of using porous carbon as a post-fermentation additive (such as mixing it with finished organic fertilizer for soil improvement), and it has not been able to effectively participate in the fermentation process.

[0007] In addition, although existing organic fertilizer fermentation technologies attempt to integrate two types of waste residues (such as pear pomace + soybean meal residue, power plant ash residue + soybean meal residue), the following problems still exist: 1) Imbalanced nutrient system: For example, when pear pomace and soybean meal residue are mixed, although the carbon-nitrogen ratio can be adjusted to (18~22):1, there is a lack of mineral supplementation (such as potassium and calcium content of less than 1%), resulting in a single nutrient composition in the finished organic fertilizer, which cannot meet the needs of crops throughout the entire cycle; when power plant ash residue is mixed with soybean meal residue, the carbon content of the residue is too high (C / N ratio). (50~60): 1) A large amount of soybean meal residue needs to be added to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, significantly increasing raw material costs (cost per ton of mixed raw materials increases by 30%~40%); 2) Excessive carbon and nitrogen loss during fermentation: During fermentation, carbon is lost in the form of carbon dioxide (carbon loss rate of 15%~25% in traditional processes), while nitrogen is lost through ammonia volatilization and leachate leaching (total nitrogen loss rate of 25%~35%). Existing technologies mostly use covering films to reduce volatilization, but this cannot solve the problem of nutrient loss inside the pile and will hinder oxygen exchange, prolonging the fermentation cycle. Therefore, existing organic fertilizers have problems such as low waste utilization rate, unbalanced nutrition, low fermentation efficiency, and poor nutrient retention rate. There is an urgent need for an organic fertilizer that can realize the resource recycling of agricultural waste and produce high-nutrient, easily absorbed organic fertilizer. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste, its preparation method and application, so as to solve the technical problems of low waste utilization rate, unbalanced nutrition, low fermentation efficiency and poor nutrient retention rate of existing organic fertilizers.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution:

[0010] The first aspect of the present invention discloses a compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste, comprising, by mass percentage: 20%~30% pear pomace, 15%~25% coarse residue from agricultural and forestry waste power plants, 10%~20% fine residue from agricultural and forestry waste power plants, 15%~25% soybean meal residue, 5%~15% porous charcoal, and 0.1%~0.3% fermentation inoculant;

[0011] The coarse slag from the agricultural and forestry waste power plant has a particle size of 5-10 mm, and the fine slag has a particle size of 0.5-2 mm; the fermentation agent consists of agent No. 1, agent No. 2, and Paecilomyces lilacinus (…). Purpureocillium lilacinum The first bacterial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). Bacillus subtilis ), white rot fungi ( Phanerochaete chrysosporium ) and Aspergillus niger ( Aspergillus niger The No. 2 bacterial agent is prepared by mixing the two components in a mass ratio of 2:2:1. The No. 2 bacterial agent is composed of *Azotobacter brownii* (…). Azotobacter chroococcum ) and thermophilic actinomycetes ( Thermoactinomyces spp. It is formed by compounding in a mass ratio of 3:1.

[0012] Preferably, the pear residue has a particle size of 2-5 mm.

[0013] Preferably, the particle size of the soybean meal residue is 1-3 mm.

[0014] Preferably, the porous carbon is coconut shell porous carbon, wood chip-based porous carbon, straw-based porous carbon, walnut shell porous carbon, peanut shell porous carbon, or sugarcane bagasse porous carbon.

[0015] Preferably, the porous carbon has a particle size of 1~2 mm.

[0016] Preferably, the No. 1 microbial agent accounts for 0.06% to 0.14% of the mass of the compound organic fertilizer.

[0017] Preferably, inoculant No. 2 and Paecilomyces lilacinus ( Purpureocillium lilacinum The mass ratio of 1:1 is 1.

[0018] A second aspect of this invention discloses a method for preparing a compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste, comprising the following steps:

[0019] 1) By weight percentage, mix 20%~30% pear pomace, 15%~25% coarse residue from agricultural and forestry waste power plants, 10%~20% fine residue from agricultural and forestry waste power plants, and 15%~25% soybean meal residue, then add 5%~15% porous carbon and 0.06%~0.14% No. 1 fermentation inoculant and mix well to obtain fermented material;

[0020] 2) Control the fermentation temperature of the fermentation material obtained in step 1) to 30~40℃, introduce oxygen, turn the pile once a day for 1~3 days, and when the temperature of the fermentation material rises to 50~55℃, enter the next stage of fermentation.

[0021] 3) Control the fermentation temperature of the fermentation material to 55~65℃. After the temperature is maintained for 48 hours, dilute the No. 2 inoculant and spray it onto the fermentation material and turn it evenly. Turn the material once every 2 days for 8~10 days.

[0022] 4) Control the fermentation temperature of the fermentation material to 40~45℃. After the temperature of the fermentation material drops to the fermentation temperature, add Paecilomyces lilacinus (… Purpureocillium lilacinum After dilution, spray the mixture onto the fermentation temperature and turn it evenly. After turning, let it stand for 7-10 days, then sieve it to obtain a compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste.

[0023] Preferably, in step 2), the oxygen concentration is controlled at 15% to 18%; in step 3), the oxygen concentration is controlled at 15% to 18%; and in step 4), the oxygen concentration is controlled at 20% to 22%.

[0024] A third aspect of the present invention discloses the application of a compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste in the prevention and control of plant diseases, crop diseases, or the improvement of crop quality.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] This invention provides a compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste. It uses solid waste and agricultural waste as raw materials, adding compound microbial agents for aerobic fermentation. By synergistically combining multiple raw materials, it solves the problems of low waste utilization rate, unbalanced organic fertilizer nutrition, low fermentation efficiency, and poor nutrient retention rate in existing technologies, achieving the resource-based recycling of agricultural waste and producing high-nutrient, easily absorbed organic fertilizer. 1) Through a functionally complementary formula design, the four raw materials play different roles in the fermentation system and produce a synergistic effect. Pear pomace, as the core carbon source and fermentation promoter, provides fast-acting sugars and organic acids, which not only quickly initiate microbial activity and significantly shorten the heating period, but also the polyphenols in pear pomace and Paecilomyces lilacinus (… Purpureocillium lilacinumThe biocontrol bacteria can work synergistically to reduce the incidence of Fusarium oxysporum. Soybean meal residue, as a high-quality nitrogen source and functional microbial culture medium, not only provides high protein content and organic nitrogen, but also works with pear residue to construct an ideal carbon-nitrogen ratio. Agricultural and forestry waste power generation residue, as a mineral element supplier and pH adjuster, not only contributes potassium, calcium, magnesium and other trace elements and alkaline substances, but also improves pore structure and permeability. Porous charcoal, as a microbial carrier and nutrient retainer, not only adsorbs nutrients with its high specific surface area structure and reduces ammonia volatilization, but also provides a carrier for microorganisms. This combination achieves simultaneous optimization of physical structure, chemical properties and biological activity. 2) The addition of porous charcoal during composting can significantly increase the porosity of the compost pile, which not only improves oxygen transport efficiency and shortens the fermentation cycle, but also adsorbs and fixes nutrients, avoiding the situation of excessive fertilizer burn and root rot during the use of organic fertilizer, and slowly releases nutrients in the pores for plant absorption. In the use of compost products, it improves the stability of soil aggregates and has the effect of soil improvement. 3) From the perspective of environmental benefits and sustainability, producing 1 ton of compound organic fertilizer can dispose of 0.8 to 1.0 tons of various wastes, which not only reduces environmental emissions and realizes waste resource utilization, but also provides new solutions and ideas for the joint treatment of multi-source waste. Therefore, this method, through waste co-treatment, process innovation, and product functional design, achieves high efficiency, functionality, and greening of organic fertilizer production, which is in line with the policy orientation of circular economy and green development, and has significant technological advancement and promotion value.

[0027] This invention provides a method for preparing compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste. It adopts a three-stage microbial inoculation strategy: functional bacterial strains (such as cellulose-decomposing bacteria, thermotolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and biocontrol bacteria) are inoculated before heating, at high temperature, and at cooling stage. Combined with the carrier function of porous carbon, this not only increases the survival rate of functional bacteria and reduces the mineralization of organic matter, thus improving the nutrient content of compost, but also allows nutrients to be slowly released into the soil without causing root or seedling burn. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 Photos of soils treated with different fertilizers; where A represents soil treated with the compound organic fertilizer prepared by this method, and B represents soil treated with commercially available organic fertilizer.

[0029] Figure 2 A diagram showing the seedling stage of soil in which the compound organic fertilizer prepared by this method was applied;

[0030] Figure 3 A diagram showing the growth period of plants in soil treated with the compound organic fertilizer prepared by this method.

[0031] Figure 4 A diagram showing the planting maturity period of soil treated with the compound organic fertilizer prepared by this method;

[0032] Figure 5 Comparison of tomato growth at different stages in soil treated with the compound organic fertilizer prepared by this method;

[0033] Figure 6 The images show the results of tomatoes grown in soils treated with different fertilizers; from left to right, the soil is ordinary soil without fertilizer, soil treated with commercially available organic fertilizer, and soil treated with compound organic fertilizer prepared using this method. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To enable those skilled in the art to understand the features and effects of the present invention, the following descriptions and definitions are only general descriptions of the terms and expressions mentioned in the specification and claims. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art regarding the present invention, and in the event of any conflict, the definitions in this specification shall prevail.

[0035] The theories or mechanisms described and disclosed herein, whether right or wrong, should not in any way limit the scope of the invention, that is, the contents of the invention can be implemented without being limited by any particular theory or mechanism.

[0036] In this document, all features defined by numerical ranges or percentage ranges, such as numerical values, quantities, contents, and concentrations, are for the sake of brevity and convenience only. Accordingly, descriptions of numerical ranges or percentage ranges should be considered as covering and specifically disclosing all possible sub-ranges and individual numerical values ​​(including integers and fractions) within those ranges.

[0037] In this article, unless otherwise specified, “contains,” “includes,” “containing,” “has,” or similar terms cover the meanings of “composed of” and “mainly composed of,” for example, “A contains a” covers the meanings of “A contains a and others” and “A contains only a.”

[0038] For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in each implementation scheme or embodiment are described herein. Therefore, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, the technical features in each implementation scheme or embodiment can be combined arbitrarily, and all possible combinations should be considered within the scope of this specification.

[0039] This invention provides a compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste, comprising, by mass percentage: 20%~30% pear pomace, 15%~25% coarse residue from agricultural and forestry waste power plants (particle size 5~10 mm), 10%~20% fine residue from agricultural and forestry waste power plants (particle size 0.5~2 mm), 15%~25% soybean meal residue, 5%~15% porous charcoal, and 0.1%~0.3% fermentation inoculant;

[0040] The porous charcoal includes, but is not limited to, coconut shell porous charcoal, sawdust-based porous charcoal, straw-based porous charcoal, walnut shell porous charcoal, peanut shell porous charcoal, or sugarcane bagasse porous charcoal; the fermentation agent consists of agent No. 1, agent No. 2, and Paecilomyces lilacinus (… Purpureocillium lilacinum The first bacterial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). Bacillus subtilis ), white rot fungi ( Phanerochaete chrysosporium ) and Aspergillus niger ( Aspergillus niger The No. 2 bacterial agent is prepared by mixing the two components in a mass ratio of 2:2:1. The No. 2 bacterial agent is composed of *Azotobacter brownii* (…). Azotobacter chroococcum ) and thermophilic actinomycetes ( Thermoactinomyces spp. The mixture is formulated by mixing the two microbial agents at a mass ratio of 3:1; the No. 1 microbial agent accounts for 0.06%~0.14% of the mass of the compound organic fertilizer, and the No. 2 microbial agent and Paecilomyces lilacinus are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0041] This invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste, the steps of which are as follows:

[0042] 1. Raw material pretreatment

[0043] 1) Pear pomace pretreatment: Place the fresh pear pomace from the juice factory in a ventilated and dry place to dry until the moisture content is 50%~60%, remove the fruit cores and impurities such as plastic from the pear pomace, and then crush the pear pomace to a particle size of 2~5 mm for later use;

[0044] 2) Pretreatment of agricultural and forestry waste power generation slag: The coarse and fine slags of agricultural and forestry waste power plants are screened separately to remove impurities such as metals and stones. The coarse slag retains a particle size of 5~10 mm and the fine slag retains a particle size of 0.5~2 mm. Then, the pretreated coarse and fine slags are dried at 80~100℃ for 2~3 hours. After the temperature drops to room temperature, they are ready for use.

[0045] 3) Pretreatment of soybean meal residue: Crush the soybean meal residue to a particle size of 1~3 mm, dry it at 50~60℃ until the moisture content is 40%~50%, and set it aside for later use;

[0046] 4) Activation of porous carbon: Activate the porous carbon in an inert gas atmosphere at 300~400℃ for 5~10 min, cool it and then pulverize it to a particle size of 1~2 mm for later use;

[0047] 5) No. 1 inoculant: Bacillus subtilis, white rot fungus and Aspergillus niger are mixed in a mass ratio of 2:2:1 to obtain No. 1 inoculant, which is then set aside.

[0048] 6) No. 2 bacterial agent: Mix Azotobacter brownii and thermophilic actinomycetes at a mass ratio of 3:1 to obtain bacterial agent No. 2, and set aside for later use.

[0049] 2. Mixing raw materials

[0050] By mass percentage, 20%~30% of the pear pomace, 15%~25% of the coarse residue from agricultural and forestry waste power plants, 10%~20% of the fine residue from agricultural and forestry waste power plants, and 15%~25% of the soybean meal residue from step 1 are added to a mixing device. First, the mixture is stirred at low speed (50~80 r / min) for 10~15 min. Then, 5%~15% of the activated porous carbon and 0.06%~0.14% of fermentation agent No. 1 are added, and the mixture is stirred at high speed (150~200 r / min) for 20~25 min to ensure uniform mixing. Then, the carbon-nitrogen ratio and pH value are tested. By adjusting the amount of soybean meal residue, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is controlled at (25~35):1. By adjusting the amount of fine residue from agricultural and forestry waste power plants, the pH value is adjusted to about 7, and the moisture content is controlled at 55%~60% to obtain the fermented material.

[0051] 3. Aerobic fermentation

[0052] 1) First stage (heating and maturation period): The fermented material obtained in step 2 is sent into the fermentation chamber, the temperature inside the chamber is controlled at 30~40℃, oxygen is introduced (oxygen concentration is maintained at 18%~22%), the pile is turned once a day for 1~3 days, and when the temperature of the fermented material rises to 50~55℃, the next stage of fermentation begins.

[0053] 2) Second stage (high-temperature sterilization period): Increase the temperature inside the chamber to 55~65℃. After maintaining this temperature for 48 hours, dilute the No. 2 inoculant and spray it onto the fermentation material, then turn the pile evenly. Control the oxygen concentration at 15%~18%, turning the pile every 2 days for 8~10 days. During this period, monitor the pH value of the material and maintain it at 7.0~8.0. If the pH value is too high, add a small amount of pear pomace to adjust it.

[0054] 3) Third stage (cooling and stabilization period): Lower the temperature inside the chamber to 40~45℃. After the temperature of the fermented material drops to the corresponding temperature, dilute Paecilomyces lilacinus (the dosage is the same as No. 2 inoculant) and spray it onto the fermented material and turn it evenly. Keep the oxygen concentration at 20%~22%. Stop turning the material and let it stand for 7~10 days to allow the fermented material to fully decompose and the nutrients to stabilize.

[0055] 4. Post-processing

[0056] After fermentation is complete, the fermented material is naturally cooled to room temperature and then passed through a 10-20 mesh sieve to remove large, unfermented impurities, resulting in a compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste.

[0057] If compound organic fertilizer needs to be made into granular fertilizer, the screened material can be sent to a granulator to make granules with a diameter of 3-5 mm, dried to a moisture content of 15%-20%, and then packaged and stored.

[0058] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading this description, those skilled in the art can make various alterations or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

[0059] The following examples use instruments and equipment conventional in the art. Experimental methods in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are generally performed under standard conditions or as recommended by the manufacturer. The *Paecilomyces lilacinus* used in the following examples (…) Purpureocillium lilacinum Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis ), white rot fungi ( Phanerochaete chrysosporium Aspergillus niger ( ) Aspergillus niger ), Azotocinus brownii ( Azotobacter chroococcum ) and thermophilic actinomycetes ( Thermoactinomyces spp. All of the ingredients were purchased from Ningbo Mingzhou Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with product numbers BMZ104048, B12039, B82047, B71913, BMZ129414, and BMZ134155, respectively. Other raw materials used, unless otherwise specified, were all commercially available products with specifications typical of the art. In this specification and the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, "%" represents a percentage by mass, and "ratio" represents a mass ratio.

[0060] I. Preparation of compound organic fertilizer based on synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste

[0061] Example 1

[0062] A compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste comprises, by weight percentage: 30% pear pomace, 20% coarse residue (8 mm particle size) from agricultural and forestry waste power plants, 15% fine residue (1 mm particle size) from agricultural and forestry waste power plants, 20% soybean meal residue, 14.8% coconut shell porous charcoal, and 0.2% fermentation inoculant.

[0063] The fermentation agent consists of agent No. 1, agent No. 2, and Paecilomyces lilacinus. Agent No. 1 is formed by compounding Bacillus subtilis, white-rot fungi, and Aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 2:2:1. Agent No. 2 is formed by compounding Azotobacter chrysogenum and thermophilic actinomycetes in a mass ratio of 3:1. Agent No. 1 accounts for 0.12% of the mass of the compound organic fertilizer, while agent No. 2 and Paecilomyces lilacinus each account for 0.04% of the mass of the compound organic fertilizer.

[0064] The above-mentioned method for preparing compound organic fertilizer based on synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste includes the following steps:

[0065] 1. Raw material pretreatment

[0066] 1) Pear pomace pretreatment: Place the fresh pear pomace from the juice factory in a ventilated and dry place to dry until the moisture content is 58%. Remove the fruit cores and impurities such as plastic from the pear pomace. Then crush the pear pomace to a particle size of 3 mm for later use.

[0067] 2) Pretreatment of agricultural and forestry waste power generation slag: The coarse and fine slags of the agricultural and forestry waste power plant are screened separately to remove impurities such as metals and stones. The coarse slag retains a particle size of 8 mm and the fine slag retains a particle size of 1 mm. Then, the pretreated coarse and fine slags are dried at 100℃ for 2.5 h. After the temperature drops to room temperature, they are ready for use.

[0068] 3) Pretreatment of soybean meal residue: Crush the soybean meal residue to a particle size of 2 mm, dry it at 60℃ until the moisture content is 48%, and set it aside for later use;

[0069] 4) Activation of coconut shell porous carbon: Activate the coconut shell porous carbon in an inert gas atmosphere at 350℃ for 10 min, cool it and then crush it to a particle size of 1.5 mm for later use.

[0070] 5) No. 1 inoculant: Bacillus subtilis, white rot fungus and Aspergillus niger are mixed in a mass ratio of 2:2:1 to obtain No. 1 inoculant, which is then set aside.

[0071] 6) No. 2 bacterial agent: Mix Azotobacter brownii and thermophilic actinomycetes at a mass ratio of 3:1 to obtain bacterial agent No. 2, and set aside for later use.

[0072] 2. Mixing raw materials

[0073] By mass percentage, 30% of the pear pomace, 20% of the coarse residue (8 mm particle size) from the agricultural and forestry waste power plant, 15% of the fine residue (1 mm particle size) from the agricultural and forestry waste power plant, and 20% of the soybean meal residue from step 1 were added to a mixing device. The mixture was first stirred at 60 r / min for 12 min, then 14.8% of the coconut shell porous charcoal and 0.12% of fermentation agent No. 1 were added, and the mixture was stirred at 170 r / min for 22 min. The carbon-nitrogen ratio was controlled to be 28:1 by adding soybean meal residue. The pH value was adjusted to 7 by using the fine residue from the agricultural and forestry waste power plant, and the moisture content was 58%, thus obtaining the fermented material.

[0074] 3. Aerobic fermentation

[0075] 1) First stage (heating and maturation period): The fermented material obtained in step 2 is sent into the fermentation chamber, the temperature inside the chamber is controlled at 35℃, oxygen is introduced (oxygen concentration is maintained at 20%), the pile is turned once a day for 2 days, and when the temperature of the fermented material rises to 50℃, the next stage of fermentation begins.

[0076] 2) Second stage (high-temperature sterilization period): Increase the temperature inside the chamber to 55℃. After maintaining this temperature for 48 hours, dilute the No. 2 inoculant and spray it onto the fermentation material, then turn the pile evenly. Control the oxygen concentration at 16%, turn the pile once every 2 days for 9 days, and maintain the pH value at 7.0 during this period.

[0077] 3) Third stage (cooling and stabilization period): Reduce the temperature inside the chamber to 42℃, dilute Paecilomyces lilacinus and spray it onto the fermentation material, then turn the pile evenly. Maintain the oxygen concentration at 21%, stop turning the pile, and let it stand for 7 days.

[0078] 4. Post-processing

[0079] After fermentation is complete, the fermented material is allowed to cool naturally to room temperature and then passed through a 15-mesh sieve to remove large, unfermented impurities, yielding a compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste. Testing revealed that the organic matter content was 48.2%, the total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content was 5.8%, and the pathogen kill rate was 99.1%.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] A compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste comprises, by weight percentage: 20% pear pomace, 25% coarse residue (8 mm particle size) from agricultural and forestry waste power plants, 20% fine residue (1 mm particle size) from agricultural and forestry waste power plants, 25% soybean meal residue, 9.8% coconut shell porous charcoal, and 0.2% fermentation inoculant.

[0082] The fermentation agent consists of agent No. 1, agent No. 2, and Paecilomyces lilacinus. Agent No. 1 is formed by compounding Bacillus subtilis, white-rot fungi, and Aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 2:2:1. Agent No. 2 is formed by compounding Azotobacter chrysogenum and thermophilic actinomycetes in a mass ratio of 3:1. Agent No. 1 accounts for 0.12% of the mass of the compound organic fertilizer, while agent No. 2 and Paecilomyces lilacinus each account for 0.04% of the mass of the compound organic fertilizer.

[0083] The above-mentioned method for preparing compound organic fertilizer based on synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste includes the following steps:

[0084] 1. Raw material pretreatment

[0085] 1) Pear pomace pretreatment: Place the fresh pear pomace from the juice factory in a ventilated and dry place to dry until the moisture content is 60%. Remove the fruit cores and impurities such as plastic from the pear pomace. Then crush the pear pomace to a particle size of 2 mm for later use.

[0086] 2) Pretreatment of agricultural and forestry waste power generation slag: The coarse and fine slags of agricultural and forestry waste power plants are screened separately to remove impurities such as metals and stones. The coarse slag retains a particle size of 8 mm and the fine slag retains a particle size of 1 mm. Then, the pretreated coarse and fine slags are dried at 90℃ for 3 hours. After the temperature drops to room temperature, they are ready for use.

[0087] 3) Pretreatment of soybean meal residue: Crush the soybean meal residue to a particle size of 1 mm, dry it at 55℃ until the moisture content is 50%, and set it aside for later use;

[0088] 4) Activation of coconut shell porous carbon: Activate the coconut shell porous carbon in an inert gas atmosphere at 300℃ for 10 min, cool it and then crush it to a particle size of 1 mm for later use.

[0089] 5) No. 1 inoculant: Bacillus subtilis, white rot fungus and Aspergillus niger are mixed in a mass ratio of 2:2:1 to obtain No. 1 inoculant, which is then set aside.

[0090] 6) No. 2 bacterial agent: Mix Azotobacter brownii and thermophilic actinomycetes at a mass ratio of 3:1 to obtain bacterial agent No. 2, and set aside for later use.

[0091] 2. Mixing raw materials

[0092] By mass percentage, 20% of the pear pomace, 25% of the coarse residue (8 mm particle size) from the agricultural and forestry waste power plant, 20% of the fine residue (1 mm particle size) from the agricultural and forestry waste power plant, and 25% of the soybean meal residue from step 1 were added to a mixing device. The mixture was first stirred at 60 r / min for 10 min, then 9.8% of the coconut shell porous charcoal and 0.2% of fermentation agent No. 1 were added, and the mixture was stirred at 170 r / min for 20 min. The carbon-nitrogen ratio was controlled to be 25:1 by adding soybean meal residue. The pH value was adjusted to 7 by using the fine residue from the agricultural and forestry waste power plant, and the moisture content was 55%, thus obtaining the fermented material.

[0093] 3. Aerobic fermentation

[0094] 1) First stage (heating and maturation period): The fermented material obtained in step 2 is sent into the fermentation chamber, the temperature inside the chamber is controlled at 30℃, oxygen is introduced (oxygen concentration is maintained at 18%), the pile is turned once a day for 3 days, and when the temperature of the fermented material rises to 55℃, the next stage of fermentation begins.

[0095] 2) Second stage (high-temperature sterilization period): Increase the temperature inside the chamber to 65℃. After maintaining this temperature for 48 hours, dilute the No. 2 inoculant and spray it onto the fermentation material, then turn the pile evenly. Control the oxygen concentration at 15%, turn the pile once every 2 days for 8 days, and maintain the pH value at 7.0 during this period.

[0096] 3) Third stage (cooling and stabilization period): Reduce the temperature inside the chamber to 40℃, dilute Paecilomyces lilacinus and spray it onto the fermentation material, then turn the pile evenly. Maintain the oxygen concentration at 20%, stop turning the pile, and let it stand for 9 days.

[0097] 4. Post-processing

[0098] After fermentation is complete, the fermented material is allowed to cool naturally to room temperature, then passed through a 10-mesh sieve to remove large, unfermented impurities, forming 3 mm granules. These granules are then dried to a moisture content of 18%, yielding a compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste. Testing revealed an organic matter content of 45.6%, a total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of 5.2%, and a pathogen kill rate of 98.5%.

[0099] Example 3

[0100] A compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste comprises, by weight percentage: 22% pear pomace, 23% coarse residue (8 mm particle size) from agricultural and forestry waste power plants, 18% fine residue (1 mm particle size) from agricultural and forestry waste power plants, 22% soybean meal residue, 14.9% coconut shell porous charcoal, and 0.1% fermentation inoculant.

[0101] The fermentation agent consists of agent No. 1, agent No. 2, and Paecilomyces lilacinus. Agent No. 1 is formed by compounding Bacillus subtilis, white-rot fungi, and Aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 2:2:1. Agent No. 2 is formed by compounding Azotobacter chrysogenum and thermophilic actinomycetes in a mass ratio of 3:1. Agent No. 1 accounts for 0.06% of the mass of the compound organic fertilizer, while agent No. 2 and Paecilomyces lilacinus each account for 0.02% of the mass of the compound organic fertilizer.

[0102] The above-mentioned method for preparing compound organic fertilizer based on synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste includes the following steps:

[0103] 1. Raw material pretreatment

[0104] 1) Pear pomace pretreatment: Place the fresh pear pomace from the juice factory in a ventilated and dry place to dry until the moisture content is 53%. Remove the fruit cores and impurities such as plastic from the pear pomace. Then crush the pear pomace to a particle size of 4 mm for later use.

[0105] 2) Pretreatment of agricultural and forestry waste power generation slag: The coarse and fine slag from the agricultural and forestry waste power plant are screened separately to remove impurities such as metal and stones. The coarse slag retains a particle size of 8 mm and the fine slag retains a particle size of 1 mm. Then, the pretreated coarse and fine slags are dried at 95℃ for 2.2 h. After the temperature drops to room temperature, they are ready for use.

[0106] 3) Pretreatment of soybean meal residue: Crush the soybean meal residue to a particle size of 2 mm, dry it at 58℃ until the moisture content is 47%, and set it aside for later use;

[0107] 4) Activation of coconut shell porous carbon: Activate the coconut shell porous carbon in an inert gas atmosphere at 380℃ for 8 min, cool it and then crush it to a particle size of 1.8 mm for later use.

[0108] 5) No. 1 inoculant: Bacillus subtilis, white rot fungus and Aspergillus niger are mixed in a mass ratio of 2:2:1 to obtain No. 1 inoculant, which is then set aside.

[0109] 6) No. 2 bacterial agent: Mix Azotobacter brownii and thermophilic actinomycetes at a mass ratio of 3:1 to obtain bacterial agent No. 2, and set aside for later use.

[0110] 2. Mixing raw materials

[0111] By mass percentage, 22% of the pear pomace, 23% of the coarse residue (8 mm particle size) from the agricultural and forestry waste power plant, 18% of the fine residue (1 mm particle size) from the agricultural and forestry waste power plant, and 22% of the soybean meal residue from step 1 were added to a mixing device. The mixture was first stirred at 60 r / min for 14 min, then 14.9% of the coconut shell porous charcoal and 0.1% of fermentation agent No. 1 were added, and the mixture was stirred at 180 r / min for 23 min. The carbon-nitrogen ratio was controlled to be 26:1 by adding soybean meal residue. The pH value was adjusted to 7 by using the fine residue from the agricultural and forestry waste power plant, and the moisture content was 57%, thus obtaining the fermented material.

[0112] 3. Aerobic fermentation

[0113] 1) First stage (heating and maturation period): The fermented material after step 2 is sent into the fermentation chamber, the temperature inside the chamber is controlled at 38℃, oxygen is introduced (oxygen concentration is maintained at 19%), the pile is turned once a day for 2 days, and when the temperature of the fermented material rises to 53℃, the next stage of fermentation begins.

[0114] 2) Second stage (high temperature sterilization period): Increase the temperature inside the chamber to 62℃. After maintaining the temperature for 48 hours, dilute the No. 2 inoculant and spray it onto the fermentation material and turn it evenly. Control the oxygen concentration at 17%. Turn the material once every 2 days for 10 days. During this period, maintain the pH value at 7.0.

[0115] 3) Third stage (cooling and stabilization period): Reduce the temperature inside the warehouse to 43°C, dilute Paecilomyces lilacinus and spray it onto the fermentation material and turn it evenly. Keep the oxygen concentration at 21%, stop turning the material and let it stand for 9 days.

[0116] 4. Post-processing

[0117] After fermentation is complete, the mixture is naturally cooled to room temperature, passed through an 18-mesh sieve to remove large, unfermented impurities, and granulated into 4 mm particles. These particles are then dried to a moisture content of 17%, yielding a compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste. Testing revealed an organic matter content of 46.8%, a total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of 5.5%, and a pathogen kill rate of 98.9%.

[0118] Example 4

[0119] A compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste comprises, by weight percentage: 25% pear pomace, 25% coarse residue (8 mm particle size) from agricultural and forestry waste power plants, 20% fine residue (1 mm particle size) from agricultural and forestry waste power plants, 20% soybean meal residue, 9.9% coconut shell porous charcoal, and 0.1% fermentation inoculant.

[0120] The fermentation agent consists of agent No. 1, agent No. 2, and Paecilomyces lilacinus. Agent No. 1 is formed by compounding Bacillus subtilis, white-rot fungi, and Aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 2:2:1. Agent No. 2 is formed by compounding Azotobacter chrysogenum and thermophilic actinomycetes in a mass ratio of 3:1. Agent No. 1 accounts for 0.06% of the mass of the compound organic fertilizer, while agent No. 2 and Paecilomyces lilacinus each account for 0.02% of the mass of the compound organic fertilizer.

[0121] The above-mentioned method for preparing compound organic fertilizer based on synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste includes the following steps:

[0122] 1. Raw material pretreatment

[0123] 1) Pear pomace pretreatment: Place the fresh pear pomace from the juice factory in a ventilated and dry place to dry until the moisture content is 64%. Remove the fruit cores and impurities such as plastic from the pear pomace. Then crush the pear pomace to a particle size of 5 mm for later use.

[0124] 2) Pretreatment of agricultural and forestry waste power generation slag: The coarse and fine slag from the agricultural and forestry waste power plant are screened separately to remove impurities such as metal and stones. The coarse slag retains a particle size of 8 mm and the fine slag retains a particle size of 1 mm. Then, the pretreated coarse and fine slags are dried at 85℃ for 2.8 h. After the temperature drops to room temperature, they are ready for use.

[0125] 3) Pretreatment of soybean meal residue: Crush the soybean meal residue to a particle size of 3 mm, dry it at 52℃ to a moisture content of 49%, and set it aside for later use;

[0126] 4) Activation of coconut shell porous carbon: Activate the coconut shell porous carbon in an inert gas atmosphere at 320℃ for 8 min, cool it and then crush it to a particle size of 1.2 mm for later use.

[0127] 5) No. 1 inoculant: Bacillus subtilis, white rot fungus and Aspergillus niger are mixed in a mass ratio of 2:2:1 to obtain No. 1 inoculant, which is then set aside.

[0128] 6) No. 2 bacterial agent: Mix Azotobacter brownii and thermophilic actinomycetes at a mass ratio of 3:1 to obtain bacterial agent No. 2, and set aside for later use.

[0129] 2. Mixing raw materials

[0130] By mass percentage, 25% of the pear pomace, 25% of the coarse residue (8 mm particle size) from the agricultural and forestry waste power plant, 20% of the fine residue (1 mm particle size) from the agricultural and forestry waste power plant, and 20% of the soybean meal residue from step 1 were added to a mixing device. The mixture was first stirred at 70 r / min for 12 min, then 9.9% of the coconut shell porous charcoal and 0.06% of fermentation agent No. 1 were added, and the mixture was stirred at 160 r / min for 24 min to obtain the fermented material. The carbon-nitrogen ratio was controlled at 29:1 using soybean meal residue, and the pH value was adjusted to 7 using fine residue from the agricultural and forestry waste power plant. The moisture content was 59%.

[0131] 3. Aerobic fermentation

[0132] 1) First stage (heating and maturation period): The fermented material after step 2 is sent into the fermentation chamber, the temperature inside the chamber is controlled at 32℃, oxygen is introduced (oxygen concentration is maintained at 21%), and the pile is turned once a day for 2 days.

[0133] 2) Second stage (high-temperature sterilization period): Increase the temperature inside the warehouse to 58℃. After maintaining this temperature for 48 hours, dilute Agent No. 2 and spray it onto the pile, then turn the pile evenly. Control the oxygen concentration at 16%, turn the pile once every 2 days, and continue for 8 days, maintaining the pH value at 7.0 during this period.

[0134] 3) Third stage (cooling and stabilization period): Reduce the temperature inside the silo to 44℃, dilute Paecilomyces lilacinus and spray it onto the pile, then turn the pile evenly. Maintain the oxygen concentration at 22%, stop turning the pile, and let it stand for 10 days.

[0135] 4. Post-processing

[0136] After the material fermentation is complete, it is naturally cooled to room temperature, passed through a 20-mesh sieve to remove large, unfermented impurities, and made into 5mm granules. These granules are then dried to a moisture content of 16%, yielding a compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste. Testing revealed that the organic matter content was 49.1%, the total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content was 6.0%, and the pathogen kill rate was 99.3%.

[0137] Example 5

[0138] A compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste comprises, by weight percentage: 26% pear pomace, 16% coarse residue (8 mm particle size) from agricultural and forestry waste power plants, 19% fine residue (1 mm particle size) from agricultural and forestry waste power plants, 24% soybean meal residue, 14.8% coconut shell porous charcoal, and 0.2% fermentation inoculant.

[0139] The fermentation agent consists of agent No. 1, agent No. 2, and Paecilomyces lilacinus. Agent No. 1 is formed by compounding Bacillus subtilis, white-rot fungi, and Aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 2:2:1. Agent No. 2 is formed by compounding Azotobacter chrysogenum and thermophilic actinomycetes in a mass ratio of 3:1. Agent No. 1 accounts for 0.12% of the mass of the compound organic fertilizer, while agent No. 2 and Paecilomyces lilacinus each account for 0.04% of the mass of the compound organic fertilizer.

[0140] The above-mentioned method for preparing compound organic fertilizer based on synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste includes the following steps:

[0141] 1. Raw material pretreatment

[0142] 1) Pear pomace pretreatment: Place the fresh pear pomace from the juice factory in a ventilated and dry place to dry until the moisture content is 61%. Remove the fruit cores and impurities such as plastic from the pear pomace. Then crush the pear pomace to a particle size of 3 mm for later use.

[0143] 2) Pretreatment of agricultural and forestry waste power generation slag: The coarse and fine slags of the agricultural and forestry waste power plant are screened separately to remove impurities such as metal and stones. The coarse slag retains a particle size of 8 mm and the fine slag retains a particle size of 1 mm. Then, the pretreated coarse and fine slags are dried at 100℃ for 2.6 h. After the temperature drops to room temperature, they are ready for use.

[0144] 3) Pretreatment of soybean meal residue: Crush the soybean meal residue to a particle size of 1.5 mm, dry it at 55℃ until the moisture content is 46%, and set it aside for later use;

[0145] 4) Activation of coconut shell porous carbon: Activate the coconut shell porous carbon in an inert gas atmosphere at 360℃ for 6 min, cool it and then crush it to a particle size of 1.6 mm for later use.

[0146] 5) No. 1 inoculant: Bacillus subtilis, white rot fungus and Aspergillus niger are mixed in a mass ratio of 2:2:1 to obtain No. 1 inoculant, which is then set aside.

[0147] 6) No. 2 bacterial agent: Mix Azotobacter brownii and thermophilic actinomycetes at a mass ratio of 3:1 to obtain bacterial agent No. 2, and set aside for later use.

[0148] 2. Mixing raw materials

[0149] By mass percentage, 26% of the pear pomace, 16% of the coarse residue (8 mm particle size) from the agricultural and forestry waste power plant, 19% of the fine residue (1 mm particle size) from the agricultural and forestry waste power plant, and 24% of the soybean meal residue from step 1 were added to a mixing device. The mixture was first stirred at 55 r / min for 13 min, then 14.8% of the coconut shell porous charcoal and 0.2% of fermentation agent No. 1 were added, and the mixture was stirred at 190 r / min for 21 min. The carbon-nitrogen ratio was controlled at 27:1 using soybean meal residue, and the pH value was adjusted to 7 using the fine residue from the agricultural and forestry waste power plant. The moisture content was 56%, thus obtaining the fermented material.

[0150] 3. Aerobic fermentation

[0151] 1) First stage (heating and maturation period): The fermented material after step 2 is sent into the fermentation chamber, the temperature inside the chamber is controlled at 34℃, oxygen is introduced (oxygen concentration is maintained at 20%), the pile is turned once a day for 1 day, and when the temperature of the fermented material rises to 50℃, the next stage of fermentation begins.

[0152] 2) Second stage (high-temperature sterilization period): Increase the temperature inside the chamber to 55℃. After maintaining this temperature for 48 hours, dilute the No. 2 inoculant and spray it onto the fermentation material, then turn the pile evenly. Control the oxygen concentration at 18%, turn the pile once every 2 days for 8 days, and maintain the pH value at 7.0 during this period.

[0153] 3) Third stage (cooling and stabilization period): Reduce the temperature inside the chamber to 41℃, dilute Paecilomyces lilacinus and spray it onto the fermentation material and turn it evenly. Keep the oxygen concentration at 20%, stop turning the material and let it stand for 7 days.

[0154] 4. Post-processing

[0155] After fermentation is complete, the fermented material is allowed to cool naturally to room temperature, then passed through a 16-mesh sieve to remove large, unfermented impurities, forming 3.5 mm granules. These granules are then dried to a moisture content of 19%, yielding a compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste. Testing revealed an organic matter content of 47.5%, a total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of 5.7%, and a pathogen kill rate of 99.0%.

[0156] II. Detection of Compound Organic Fertilizer Based on Co-processing Aerobic Fermentation of Multi-source Waste

[0157] 1. Determination of total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content

[0158] Test subjects: finished organic fertilizers of Examples 1-5 of this invention, commercially available organic fertilizers (purchased from Changchun Xinyangguang Organic Fertilizer Co., Ltd.; fertilizer registration number: Jifei Nong (2018) Zhunzi 8479) and single raw material fermentation products (pure pear residue fermentation, pure soybean meal residue fermentation).

[0159] Testing basis: Refer to the standard method of NY / T 525-2021 "Organic Fertilizers":

[0160] Total nitrogen: Kjeldahl method (sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide digestion, distillation titration);

[0161] Total phosphorus: molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method (digestion with sulfuric acid and perchloric acid, followed by spectrophotometric determination after color development);

[0162] Total potassium: flame photometry (nitric acid-perchloric acid digestion, flame photometer determination).

[0163] Table 1. Results of total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content (%)

[0164]

[0165] As shown in Table 1, the compound organic fertilizer of the present invention achieves a stable total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 6%~7.52% through multi-raw material ratio optimization (potassium supplementation from agricultural and forestry waste power generation fine residue, nitrogen supplementation from soybean meal residue, and carbon supplementation from pear residue) and porous carbon nutrient retention, all of which exceed the NY / T525-2021 first-grade standard (≥5%). Moreover, its nutrient balance is better than that of commercially available organic fertilizers and single-raw material fermentation products. The overall nutrient content is at least twice that of raw material mixtures, which can meet the synergistic needs of crops for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

[0166] 2. Organic matter content determination test

[0167] Test subjects: finished organic fertilizers of Examples 1-5 of this invention, commercially available organic fertilizers (purchased from Changchun Xinyangguang Organic Fertilizer Co., Ltd.; fertilizer registration number: Jifei Nong (2018) Zhunzi 8479), mixed fermentation raw materials without added porous carbon (coconut shell porous carbon removed based on Example 3), and mixed raw materials before fermentation (fermentation materials obtained from the raw material mixing step of Example 3).

[0168] Test basis: Refer to the potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating method in NY / T 525-2021 "Organic Fertilizers": Weigh 0.5 g of the sample to be tested that has passed through a 0.25 mm sieve, add potassium dichromate-sulfuric acid solution, heat in an oil bath at 170~180℃ and reflux for 5 min, cool and titrate with ferrous sulfate, and calculate the organic matter content (after deducting the influence of inorganic carbon).

[0169] Table 2 Results of Organic Matter Content Detection

[0170]

[0171] As can be seen from Table 2, the organic matter content in the compound organic fertilizer of the present invention exceeds the first-grade standard of NY / T 525-2021 (≥45%), and is significantly higher than that of commercially available organic fertilizers. Compared with "mixed fermentation raw materials without the addition of porous carbon", the organic matter retention rate of the present invention is improved due to the addition of activated porous carbon (adsorbing small molecule organic matter volatilized during fermentation), proving that porous carbon has a significant effect on the retention of organic matter.

[0172] 3. Testing the effectiveness of pest and disease control

[0173] Test subjects: the organic fertilizer of the present invention (Examples 1, 3 and 5), commercially available organic fertilizer (purchased from Changchun Xinyangguang Organic Fertilizer Co., Ltd.; fertilizer registration number: Jifei Nong (2018) Zhunzi 8479), and unfermented mixed raw materials (the preparation method is the same as in Example 3, except that no fermentation agent is added, only pretreatment and mixing are performed).

[0174] Testing criteria: Refer to GB / T 19524.1-2021 "Determination of fecal coliforms and ascarid eggs in fertilizers" and NY / T394-2021 "Guidelines for the Use of Green Food Fertilizers" for pathogen elimination requirements.

[0175] Detection objects and methods:

[0176] Fecal coliforms: Plate count method was used. After the sample was diluted, it was inoculated into lactose bile salt fermentation medium and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours for counting.

[0177] Ascaris eggs: The survival status of the eggs was examined under a microscope using the saturated saline flotation method (the eggs were considered alive if the shells were intact and the embryonic membranes were clear).

[0178] Fusarium oxysporum (root rot pathogen): isolated and cultured using PDA medium, colony counts were performed and inhibition rates were calculated.

[0179] Table 3 Results of pest and disease control tests

[0180]

[0181] As shown in Table 3, the compound organic fertilizer of the present invention, after high-temperature fermentation and the synergistic effect of compound strains, has a fecal coliform count far below the national standard limit (≤100 CFU / g), a 100% kill rate of roundworm eggs, and an inhibition rate of over 93% against Fusarium oxysporum. It is significantly superior to commercially available organic fertilizers and unfermented raw materials, and can effectively reduce the risk of crop diseases and pests.

[0182] III. Tomato cultivation test using compound organic fertilizer based on synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste.

[0183] 1. Test Object

[0184] The tomatoes grown in greenhouses (variety: Pink Crown No. 1) were grown in sandy loam soil with an initial organic matter content of 1.8%, a pH of 6.5, available nitrogen of 85 mg / kg, available phosphorus of 15 mg / kg, and available potassium of 90 mg / kg.

[0185] 2. Experiment

[0186] 1) Grouping

[0187] The land to be tested was divided into 20 m sections. 2 The region was randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, with each group repeated 3 times. The 4 treatment groups are as follows:

[0188] Control group 1: Conventional fertilizer (urea 15 kg / mu + diammonium phosphate 10 kg / mu + potassium sulfate 12 kg / mu, applied in 3 applications).

[0189] Control group 2: Commercially available organic fertilizer (purchased from Changchun Xinyangguang Organic Fertilizer Co., Ltd.; fertilizer registration number: Jifei Nong (2018) Zhunzi 8479; 800 kg per mu, applied as base fertilizer once).

[0190] Control group 3: No fertilizer was applied;

[0191] Experimental group: The compound organic fertilizer prepared in Example 1 of this invention (800 kg per mu, applied as basal fertilizer once).

[0192] 2) Application of base fertilizer

[0193] According to the aforementioned grouping, fertilize the soil in each area, followed by shallow tillage to a depth of about 15 cm to ensure the fertilizer is thoroughly mixed with the soil. Figure 1 ).

[0194] 3) Tomato transplanting

[0195] Select robust "Pink Crown No. 1" tomato seedlings that are 30 days old, 15-20 cm tall, and have 3-4 true leaves. Transplant them at a spacing of 30 cm x 50 cm, with each 20 m² seedling planted in a row. 2 133 seedlings were planted in the plot. During planting, the roots of the seedlings were ensured to be spread out, and they were thoroughly watered immediately after planting to ensure survival. After transplanting, the tomatoes were managed uniformly (including watering frequency and manual weeding), while control group 1 was fertilized according to schedule.

[0196] 4) Sample collection and data recording

[0197] Tomato plants were observed and recorded at 30 days (seedling stage), 60 days (growing stage), and 90 days (maturity stage) after transplanting. After the tomatoes matured, fruits were harvested in batches from each demonstration area, and yield indicators such as the number of fruits per plant, the weight of a single fruit, and the yield per acre were recorded. After the fruit harvest, the soil organic matter content and pH value of each demonstration area were tested.

[0198] Tomato plant growth status as follows Figures 2 - 4 As shown, ripe tomatoes are like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown in Table 4, the detection indicators and results are as follows:

[0199] Table 4. Results of tomato plant testing

[0200]

[0201] As shown in Table 4, the experimental group of tomatoes had significantly better plant height, yield and fruit quality than the control group, and it could also increase soil organic matter content and improve the soil microenvironment.

[0202] The above content is only for illustrating the technical concept of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications made to the technical solution based on the technical concept proposed in this invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste, characterized in that, By weight percentage, it includes: 20% to 30% pear pomace, 15% to 25% coarse residue from agricultural and forestry waste power plants, 10% to 20% fine residue from agricultural and forestry waste power plants, 15% to 25% soybean meal residue, 5% to 15% porous charcoal, and 0.1% to 0.3% fermentation inoculant. The coarse slag from the agricultural and forestry waste power plant has a particle size of 5 to 10 mm, and the fine slag from the agricultural and forestry waste power plant has a particle size of 0.5 to 2 mm. The fermentation agent consists of agent No. 1, agent No. 2, and Paecilomyces lilacinus (… Purpureocillium lilacinum The No. 1 bacterial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis). Bacillus subtilis ), white rot fungi ( Phanerochaete chrysosporium ) and Aspergillus niger ( Aspergillus niger The No. 2 bacterial agent is prepared by mixing the two components in a mass ratio of 2:2:

1. The No. 2 bacterial agent is composed of *Azotobacter brownii* (…). Azotobacter chroococcum ) and thermophilic actinomycetes ( Thermoactinomyces spp. The mixture is formulated by mixing the pear residue in a mass ratio of 3:1; the particle size of the pear residue is 2-5 mm; the porous charcoal is coconut shell porous charcoal, sawdust-based porous charcoal, straw-based porous charcoal, walnut shell porous charcoal, peanut shell porous charcoal, or sugarcane bagasse porous charcoal; the No. 1 microbial agent accounts for 0.06%-0.14% of the mass of the compound organic fertilizer; the mass ratio of the No. 2 microbial agent to *Purpureocillium lilacinum* is 1:

1.

2. The compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the soybean meal residue is 1 to 3 mm.

3. The compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The porous carbon has a particle size of 1 to 2 mm.

4. A method for preparing a compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste, as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) By weight percentage, mix 20% to 30% pear pomace, 15% to 25% coarse residue from agricultural and forestry waste power plants, 10% to 20% fine residue from agricultural and forestry waste power plants, and 15% to 25% soybean meal residue, then add 5% to 15% porous charcoal and 0.06% to 0.14% No. 1 fermentation inoculant and mix well to obtain fermented material; 2) Control the fermentation temperature of the fermentation material to 30-40℃, introduce oxygen, turn the pile once a day for 1-3 days, and when the temperature of the fermentation material rises to 50-55℃, enter the next stage of fermentation. 3) Control the fermentation temperature of the fermentation material to 55 ~ 65℃. After the temperature is maintained for 48 hours, dilute the No. 2 inoculant and spray it onto the fermentation material and turn it evenly. Turn the material once every 2 days for 8 ~ 10 days. 4) Control the fermentation temperature of the fermentation material to 40-45℃. After the temperature of the fermentation material drops to the fermentation temperature, add Paecilomyces lilacinus (… Purpureocillium lilacinum After dilution, spray the mixture onto the fermentation temperature and turn it evenly. After turning, let it stand for 7 to 10 days, then sieve it to obtain a compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste.

5. The method for preparing a compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step 2), the oxygen concentration is controlled at 15% to 18%; in step 3), the oxygen concentration is controlled at 15% to 18%; in step 4), the oxygen concentration is controlled at 20% to 22%.

6. The application of the compound organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of multi-source waste as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 in the prevention and control of plant and crop diseases or the improvement of crop quality.

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