Tar treatment device in biomass gasifier and gasifier

Abstract

The invention discloses a tar treatment device in a biomass gasifier and the gasifier in the technical field of biomass gasifiers, the tar treatment device comprises a gas guide hood, a gas inlet ring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the gas guide hood, an extension cylinder is fixedly connected to the bottom of the gas inlet ring, an isolation fence is fixedly connected to the bottom of the gas inlet ring, and the bottom end of the isolation fence is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the extension cylinder; the gas guide cover is sleeved with a cracking part and a filter ring, the cracking part comprises cracking plates which are stacked up and down, a plurality of through holes are formed in the cracking plates, the bottom of the cracking part is fixedly connected with an inner scraping ring and an outer scraping ring, and a lifting cylinder for driving the cracking part to move up and down is mounted at the top of the cracking part; two groups of furnace barrels are mounted in the furnace body, and gas guide hoods are mounted in the furnace barrels; the occupied area of equipment is greatly reduced, meanwhile, heat generated by combustion in the cylinder provides certain temperature conditions for tar cracking, filtering and the like, and energy is saved by temperature control on the basis; and the two groups of furnace barrels can be alternately used, so that the whole furnace body continuously generates gas, and the efficiency is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of biomass gasification furnace technology, specifically to a tar treatment device and gasification furnace for biomass gasification furnace. Background Technology

[0002] Biomass gasification technology is a thermochemical conversion technology of biomass. It involves the incomplete combustion of biomass fuel, mainly composed of agricultural and forestry waste, through four processes: oxidation, reduction, pyrolysis, and drying, transforming the higher molecular weight organic hydrocarbon chains into combustible gases such as CO, H2, and CH4. However, tar, an inevitable byproduct, is also generated at the same time.

[0003] Currently, the tar produced by biomass gasification has very little utilization value and little significance for recycling. Moreover, it contains a large number of toxic components. Therefore, the outflow of tar not only leads to energy waste, reduced gasification rate, corrosion of gasification equipment, and damage to gasification equipment, but also causes significant environmental damage.

[0004] Tar decomposes at temperatures above 500°C and liquefies at temperatures below 200°C. Since the gas produced in the furnace is transported from the top, and the top of the furnace is far from the combustion zone, the temperature drops accordingly, resulting in tar buildup during transport. Currently, there are two methods for treating tar: one involves installing external tar treatment and purification equipment, which is often connected via pipelines. This process can easily lead to blockages in the transmission pipelines and increase the size of the equipment. The other method involves maintaining a high temperature, sending the gaseous tar along with the combustible gas into the boiler, causing the gaseous tar to decompose at high temperatures. However, this requires maintaining a high temperature within the gas pipeline, and since the gasifier is far from the gas boiler, this method is energy-intensive and difficult to control the temperature.

[0005] Based on this, the present invention designs a tar treatment device and a gasifier for a biomass gasifier to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tar treatment device and a gasifier for biomass gasification furnace, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, which are that installing external tar treatment and purification equipment can easily cause blockage of transmission pipelines and increase the size of equipment, maintain a high temperature state, cause gaseous tar to decompose at high temperature, consume a lot of energy, and are difficult to control the temperature.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A tar treatment device for a biomass gasification furnace includes a gas guide hood, an air inlet ring fixedly connected to the bottom of the gas guide hood, an extension cylinder fixedly connected to the bottom of the air inlet ring, an isolation railing fixedly connected to the bottom of the air inlet ring, and the bottom end of the isolation railing fixedly connected to the inner wall of the extension cylinder. The air inlet ring has multiple air inlet holes. A pyrolysis component and a filter ring are fitted over the gas guide hood. The pyrolysis component includes pyrolysis plates stacked on top of each other, with multiple through holes on each pyrolysis plate, and the through holes of the upper and lower pyrolysis plates are staggered. An inner scraper ring and an outer scraper ring are fixedly connected to the bottom of the pyrolysis component. A lifting cylinder for driving the pyrolysis component to move up and down is installed on the top of the pyrolysis component.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the filter ring, the air intake ring, and the isolation barrier are all umbrella-shaped, and the pyrolysis plate is a high-temperature pyrolysis plate.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention, an outer protective sleeve is fixedly connected inside the filter ring, and the output end of the lifting cylinder is located inside the outer protective sleeve.

[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the filter ring is filled with granular adsorbent, the outer ring of the filter ring is connected to a material exchange pipe, and the top of the filter ring is connected to a material injection pipe.

[0011] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the inner scraping ring and the outer scraping ring are arranged in a figure-eight shape and the cross-sections are both triangular with the apex pointing downwards.

[0012] A tar treatment device for a biomass gasification furnace includes a furnace body with two sets of furnace cylinders installed inside. Each furnace cylinder is equipped with a gas guide hood. Each furnace cylinder has an outer expansion cylinder in its middle section, located outside an extension cylinder with its bottom end above the outer expansion cylinder. The inner wall of each furnace cylinder is flush with the inner wall of the extension cylinder. Each furnace cylinder has an outlet pipe communicating with the outside at its top, located between the furnace cylinder and the gas guide hood. Each furnace cylinder has a large feed pipe fixedly connected to the top, communicating with the outside, with a sealing feed pipe at its end. Each furnace cylinder has a grate at its bottom.

[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention, a first material valve and a second material valve are installed inside the sealed material tube, and the first material valve and the second material valve are arranged vertically.

[0014] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the furnace cylinder is provided with a slag discharge window and a receiving hopper, the receiving hopper is located below the slag discharge window, the front wall of the furnace body is provided with a slag discharge port, and the front end of the receiving hopper is connected to the slag discharge port.

[0015] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the top of the large material tube is provided with a material detection valve and an inspection window.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: After the gas produced by combustion enters the outside of the gas guide hood, it is cracked by the stacked cracking plates and then enters the filter ring. After being filtered by the filter ring, it is discharged, so that the discharged gas contains almost no tar, which facilitates the subsequent gas transmission and use. Moreover, the gas guide hood and other components are set inside the cylinder, which greatly reduces the equipment footprint. At the same time, the heat generated by combustion inside the cylinder also provides certain temperature conditions for tar cracking and filtration. On this basis, temperature control is more energy-efficient.

[0017] It is equipped with two sets of furnace cylinders that can be used alternately, so that the entire furnace can continuously produce gas, which is more efficient and does not require waiting. When one furnace cylinder is working, the other furnace cylinder can be fed or maintained, which is more flexible and suitable for working occasions that require continuous gas production. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the forward-tilting half-section structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a side-view half-section structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 This is an enlarged structural diagram of part A of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rear half-section structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is an enlarged structural diagram of part B of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a top-down structural diagram of the present invention.

[0019] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Air guide hood; 2. Air inlet ring; 3. Extension cylinder; 4. Isolation railing; 5. Air inlet hole; 6. Filter ring; 7. Pyrolysis plate; 8. Through hole; 9. Inner scraper ring; 10. Outer scraper ring; 11. Lifting cylinder; 12. Outer protective cylinder; 13. Material changing pipe; 14. Material injection pipe; 15. Furnace body; 16. Furnace cylinder; 17. Outer expansion cylinder; 18. Air outlet pipe; 19. Large material pipe; 20. Sealed material pipe; 21. Grate; 22. First material valve; 23. Second material valve; 24. Slag discharge window; 25. Receiving hopper; 26. Slag discharge port; 27. Material detection valve; 28. Inspection window. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Please see Figure 1-7 The present invention provides a technical solution: A tar treatment device for a biomass gasifier includes a gas guide hood 1, an air inlet ring 2 fixedly connected to the bottom of the gas guide hood 1, an extension cylinder 3 fixedly connected to the bottom of the air inlet ring 2, an isolation railing 4 fixedly connected to the bottom of the air inlet ring 2, and the bottom end of the isolation railing 4 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the extension cylinder 3. The air inlet ring 2 has multiple air inlet holes 5. The gas guide hood 1 is covered with a pyrolysis component and a filter ring 6. The pyrolysis component includes pyrolysis plates 7 stacked on top of each other. The pyrolysis plates 7 have multiple through holes 8, and the through holes 8 of the upper and lower pyrolysis plates 7 are staggered. An inner scraper ring 9 and an outer scraper ring 10 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the pyrolysis component. A lifting cylinder 11 is installed on the top of the pyrolysis component to drive the pyrolysis component to move up and down.

[0021] Working principle: The gas guide hood 1 and its components are installed inside the furnace cylinder, so that the filter ring 6, the pyrolysis plate 7 and the outer scraper ring 10 are all in contact with the inner wall of the furnace cylinder. When the furnace cylinder is working, the generated gas enters the outside of the gas guide hood 1 through the gas inlet 5, and is released after being processed by the pyrolysis components and the filter ring 6. The tar generated during the process of introducing the gas into the gas guide hood 1 and pyrolysis can be driven by the lifting cylinder 11 to move the pyrolysis components up and down, thereby driving the inner scraper ring 9 and the outer scraper ring 10 to move up and down to scrape off the tar adhering to the inner wall of the furnace cylinder and the outer wall of the gas guide hood 1. The tar flows into the combustion layer of the furnace cylinder 2 along the gas inlet ring 2 and the extension cylinder 3, thereby burning and eliminating the tar again. The tar in the gas that is eliminated can also clean the tar accumulation in the cylinder.

[0022] After the gas produced by combustion enters the outside of the gas guide hood 1, it is broken down by the stacked pyrolysis plates 7 and then enters the filter ring 6. After being filtered by the filter ring 6, it is discharged, thus making the discharged gas almost free of tar, which facilitates the subsequent gas transmission and use. Moreover, the gas guide hood 1 and other components are set inside the cylinder, which greatly reduces the equipment footprint. At the same time, the heat generated by combustion inside the cylinder also provides certain temperature conditions for tar pyrolysis and filtration. On this basis, temperature control is more energy-efficient.

[0023] The isolation barrier 4 is set at a downward angle, which effectively blocks larger dust and debris and can also adhere to some tar. During the feeding process of the furnace cylinder, the friction of the material on the isolation barrier 4 also plays a certain role in scraping and cleaning the isolation barrier 4, and it can be carried into the combustion layer by the material for re-combustion.

[0024] Among them, the filter ring 6, the air intake ring 2 and the isolation barrier 4 are all umbrella-shaped, and the pyrolysis plate 7 is a high-temperature pyrolysis plate 7.

[0025] The filter ring 6 is fixedly connected to the outer casing 12, and the output end of the lifting cylinder 11 is located inside the outer casing 12.

[0026] The output end of the lifting cylinder 11 moves within the outer casing 12, and is unaffected by the substances inside the filter ring 6.

[0027] The filter ring 6 is filled with granular adsorbent, the outer ring of the filter ring 6 is connected to the material exchange pipe 13, and the top of the filter ring 6 is connected to the material injection pipe 14.

[0028] The granular adsorbent can adsorb not only the small amount of untreated tar, but also soot and dust, making the output gas as clean as possible.

[0029] Among them, the inner scraping ring 9 and the outer scraping ring 10 are arranged in a figure-eight shape and the cross-sections are both triangular with the tip pointing downwards.

[0030] It can scrape off more tar with less resistance. If there is a lot of tar, it can be guided down through the inner inclined surface.

[0031] A tar treatment device inside a biomass gasification furnace includes a furnace body 15, two sets of furnace cylinders 16 installed inside the furnace body 15, each furnace cylinder 16 is equipped with a gas guide hood 1, and each furnace cylinder 16 has an outer expansion cylinder 17 in the middle, the outer expansion cylinder 17 is located outside an extension cylinder 3 and the bottom end of the extension cylinder 3 is above the outer expansion cylinder 17, the inner wall of the furnace cylinder 16 is flush with the inner wall of the extension cylinder 3, each furnace cylinder 16 has an exhaust pipe 18 communicating with the outside at the top, the exhaust pipe 18 is located between the furnace cylinder 16 and the gas guide hood 1, each furnace cylinder 16 has a large feed pipe 19 fixedly connected to the top, the large feed pipe 19 has a sealing feed pipe 20 at the end, and each furnace cylinder 16 has a grate 21 at the bottom.

[0032] Working principle: By providing an outer expansion cylinder 17 inside the furnace cylinder 16, and ensuring a certain distance between the extension cylinder 3 and the outer expansion cylinder 1, and with the inner wall of the furnace cylinder 16 flush with the inner wall of the extension cylinder 3, the gas can be guided while the inner wall is smooth, facilitating material feeding. It also has a relatively compact structure, minimizing volume occupation. The gas, after being treated and located outside the gas guide hood 1, can be smoothly transported outward through the gas outlet pipe 18. The furnace is equipped with two sets of furnace cylinders 16 that can be used alternately, so that the entire furnace body 15 can continuously produce gas, which is more efficient and does not require waiting. When one furnace cylinder 16 is working, the other furnace cylinder can be fed or maintained, which is more flexible and suitable for working occasions that require continuous gas production.

[0033] The sealing material pipe 20 is equipped with a first material valve 22 and a second material valve 23, which are arranged vertically.

[0034] When one furnace cylinder 16 is in use, the other furnace cylinder 16 is fed by first opening the first material valve 22 at the top to put in the material, then closing the first material valve 22, and then opening the second material valve 23, so that the material falls into the furnace cylinder 16. This ensures that the top of the furnace cylinder 16 is always closed during feeding, preventing gas from escaping through the material pipe.

[0035] The furnace cylinder 16 has a slag discharge window 24 and a receiving hopper 25 at its bottom. The receiving hopper 25 is located below the slag discharge window 24. The front wall of the furnace body 15 has a slag discharge port 26, and the front end of the receiving hopper 25 is connected to the slag discharge port 26. This facilitates slag discharge and cleaning.

[0036] The top of the large material pipe 19 is equipped with a material detection valve 27 and an inspection window 28, which can detect the internal material conditions and facilitate maintenance.

Claims

1. A tar treatment device in a biomass gasification furnace, characterized by: The utility model provides an air guide cover (1), the bottom fixed connection of air guide cover (1) has air inlet ring (2), air inlet ring (2) bottom fixed connection has extension cylinder (3), air inlet ring (2) bottom fixed connection has isolation fence (4), the bottom fixed connection of isolation fence (4) in extension cylinder (3) inner wall, air inlet ring (2) is equipped with a plurality of air inlet hole (5), air guide cover (1) is equipped with cracking piece and filter ring (6), cracking piece includes the cracking board (7) of upper and lower layer arrangement, a plurality of through -hole (8) are formed to cracking board (7), and the through -hole (8) of upper and lower layer cracking board (7) is misaligned, cracking piece bottom fixed connection has inner scraping ring (9) and outer scraping ring (10), cracking piece top is equipped with lift cylinder (11) of driving cracking piece up and down movement.

2. The tar treatment device in a biomass gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter ring (6), air inlet ring (2) and isolation fence (4) are all umbrella-shaped, and the cracking board (7) is a high-temperature cracking board (7).

3. The tar treatment device in a biomass gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter ring (6) is fixedly connected with an outer protective cylinder (12) inside, and the output end of the lift cylinder (11) is located inside the outer protective cylinder (12).

4. The tar treatment device in a biomass gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter ring (6) is filled with a granular adsorbent, the outer ring of the filter ring (6) is communicated with a material replacement pipe (13), and the top of the filter ring (6) is communicated with a material injection pipe (14).

5. The tar treatment device in a biomass gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner scraping ring (9) and the outer scraping ring (10) are arranged in a miter shape and are both triangular in cross section with the pointed end downward.

6. A tar treatment device in a biomass gasification furnace, comprising the tar treatment device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The utility model provides a furnace body (15), two groups of furnace cylinder (16) are installed in furnace body (15), air guide cover (1) is installed in furnace cylinder (16), the outer expansion cylinder (17) is equipped in the middle part of furnace cylinder (16), the outer expansion cylinder (17) is located outside extension cylinder (3) and the bottom of extension cylinder (3) is located above the outer expansion cylinder (17), the inner wall of furnace cylinder (16) is flush with the inner wall of extension cylinder (3), the top of furnace cylinder (16) is equipped with the air outlet pipe (18) that communicates with outside, the air outlet pipe (18) is located between furnace cylinder (16) and air guide cover (1), the top of furnace cylinder (16) is fixedly connected with the big material pipe (19) that communicates with outside, the end of big material pipe (19) is equipped with sealed material pipe (20), the bottom of furnace cylinder (16) is equipped with grate (21).

7. The tar treatment device in a biomass gasification furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first material valve (22) and the second material valve (23) are installed in the sealed material pipe (20), and the first material valve (22) and the second material valve (23) are arranged in an up-down manner.

8. The biomass gasification furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom of the furnace cylinder (16) is provided with a slagging window (24) and a material receiving hopper (25), the material receiving hopper (25) is located below the slagging window (24), the front wall of the furnace body (15) is provided with a slagging port (26), and the front end of the material receiving hopper (25) is connected with the slagging port (26).

9. The biomass gasification furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the big material pipe (19) is provided with a material probe valve (27) and an inspection window (28).

Images