Copper smelting dangerous solid waste pollutant treatment equipment and treatment method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of solid waste pollutant treatment equipment, in particular to copper smelting dangerous solid waste pollutant treatment equipment and a treatment method.The copper smelting dangerous solid waste pollutant treatment equipment comprises a stirring mechanism for the solid waste pollutant treatment equipment, the stirring mechanism comprises a stirring shaft of a hollow structure, the stirring shaft is provided with a plurality of hollow blades in the axial direction, and the blades are fan-shaped; the stirring shaft is internally and coaxially provided with a heat supply pipe in a penetrating manner, one end of the heat supply pipe is connected with a medium circulating heat source, the heat supply pipe is communicated with the paddles in the radial direction, and the paddles are detachably connected with the stirring shaft. The paddle is in a corrosion / abrasion severe disaster area and can be replaced, so that the maintenance cost is effectively reduced, the downtime is shortened, the waste caused by overall scrapping is avoided, the equipment flexibility is improved, the requirements of multiple working conditions are met, and the transportation and installation convenience of a large stirring shaft can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid waste pollutant treatment equipment, specifically to a treatment equipment and method for treating hazardous solid waste pollutants from copper smelting. Background Technology

[0002] Copper smelting is the process of converting copper-bearing ore or concentrate into pure copper. Based on the characteristics of the raw materials and the different technologies used, common smelting methods are mainly divided into two categories: pyrometallurgical smelting and hydrometallurgical smelting. Hydrometallurgical smelting utilizes chemical solvents (such as sulfuric acid solution) to dissolve copper in copper-bearing raw materials into copper ions, and then extracts pure copper through processes such as extraction and electrowinning. It is suitable for processing raw materials such as oxidized copper ore, low-grade sulfide copper ore, and scrap copper, and has advantages such as low energy consumption and low pollution. Hydrometallurgical smelting produces leaching residue, which is the solid residue remaining after copper-bearing raw materials are leached with solvents. The output is relatively large (approximately 80%-95% of the raw material). The main components include unleached gangue (such as silica and alumina), undissolved copper minerals, and impurities such as iron, calcium, and magnesium. Some leaching residue also contains heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, and cadmium, and is classified as hazardous waste. Leaching residue may also contain unreacted free acid; studies have shown that its pH range is 1.1–5.0, classifying it as acidic waste and corrosive. Leaching residue is a highly moist paste or slurry-like material with a high water content and contains acidic and corrosive components. The large quantities of leaching residue mentioned above need to be dried to a moisture content of ≤15% to meet the requirements for subsequent resource utilization, such as as building material raw materials or for solidification and landfill. Existing leaching residue treatment equipment has poor corrosion resistance, high equipment failure rate, high energy consumption, and high maintenance costs, which limits the improvement of large-scale leaching residue treatment capacity and the reduction of treatment costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a stirring mechanism for treating hazardous solid waste pollutants from copper smelting. The mechanism includes a hollow stirring shaft with multiple hollow, fan-shaped blades arranged radially along its axial direction. A heating pipe coaxially passes through the stirring shaft, with one end connected to a heat source for medium circulation and the heating pipe radially communicating with the blades. The blades are detachably connected to the stirring shaft. Since the blades are prone to corrosion and wear, the replacement of the blades effectively reduces maintenance costs, shortens downtime, avoids waste from complete scrapping, improves equipment flexibility, adapts to various operating conditions, and significantly enhances the convenience of transportation and installation for large stirring shafts.

[0004] A preferred embodiment is that a suspended arc-shaped plate is provided on the outer side of the impeller away from the stirring shaft, and heat-insulating connecting blocks are provided at both ends of the suspended arc-shaped plate where it is fixed to the impeller; radial scrapers are fixed in the suspended arc-shaped plate. The suspended arc-shaped plate not only buffers the impact of material compression on the stirring shaft and impeller, and protects the easily damaged edges of the impeller, but also, in conjunction with the scrapers, flips the material on one side of the bottom of the stirring shaft upwards and uses gravity to drip it onto the exposed surface of the impeller, increasing the contact time between the impeller and the material and accelerating moisture evaporation.

[0005] A preferred embodiment includes a positioning hole at the corresponding connection point between the stirring shaft and the impeller. An inner arc plate is located on the inner side of the impeller fan-shaped surface corresponding to the bottom of the stirring shaft. Both ends of the inner arc plate have circumferentially extending mounting portions, through which radial bolts for radial fixation of the impeller are inserted. The inner arc plate also has radial connecting holes, with one end of a limiting sleeve passing through the positioning hole. The other end of the limiting sleeve is coaxially aligned with the radial connecting hole. A radial tube passes through the limiting sleeve, connecting the heating pipe and the impeller. The radial fixation of the impeller is achieved through the mounting portions and the radial bolts. Positioning the radial bolts at both ends of the impeller fan-shaped surface reduces wear and corrosion caused by the flow of leaching residue.

[0006] A preferred embodiment includes a heating pipe comprising a coaxial medium inlet pipe and a medium outlet pipe, and a radial pipe comprising a radial inlet pipe and a radial outlet pipe. One end of the radial inlet pipe is connected to the medium inlet pipe, and the other end is connected to one end of the impeller. One end of the radial outlet pipe is connected to the medium outlet pipe, and the other end is connected to the other end of the impeller. The radial inlet pipe and the radial outlet pipe are coaxially inserted into corresponding limiting sleeves, which protect the radial inlet pipe and the radial outlet pipe while limiting the movement of the impeller. Connecting sleeves are provided at the points where the heating pipe connects to the radial inlet pipe and the radial outlet pipe, and sealing components are provided at both ends of the radial inlet pipe and the radial outlet pipe. By using coaxial medium inlet pipes and medium outlet pipes, the operating temperature of the stirring shaft can be reduced, effectively improving the service life of the sealing materials and bearings in contact with the stirring shaft.

[0007] A preferred embodiment includes a mounting base between the inner arc plate and the stirring shaft. The impeller is detachably connected to the mounting base via a mounting part. Raised arc-shaped limiting strips are provided on both sides of the mounting base where it contacts the impeller. The impeller is positioned between two arc-shaped limiting strips. Two opposing locking platforms are provided on the inner sides of the two mounting parts, engaging with the ends of the arc-shaped limiting strips. The mounting base has radial mounting holes, through which a limiting sleeve passes. The bottom end of the limiting sleeve is threaded to the wall of the stirring shaft. The mounting base is fixed to the stirring shaft via the limiting sleeve. The mounting base increases the contact surface with the stirring shaft, protecting the mounting surface and reducing the wall thickness requirement for the stirring shaft. The arc-shaped limiting strips and mounting part ensure reliable positioning and fixation of the impeller to the mounting base, improving the flexibility of disassembly, assembly, and equipment customization. Compared to ordinary bolt fixing, the limiting sleeve has a larger outer diameter and a larger contact area with the mounting base and stirring shaft, effectively preventing stress concentration at the connection point.

[0008] This invention also provides a treatment device for hazardous solid waste pollutants from copper smelting, including a treatment chamber with a stirring mechanism inside. One end of the stirring mechanism is connected to a rotary drive mechanism. The treatment chamber is connected to a negative pressure gas treatment device. The working surfaces of the treatment chamber and the stirring shaft that come into contact with the solid waste pollutants are coated with a nickel-chromium alloy material and a nano-anti-corrosion coating. The nickel-chromium alloy material and nano-anti-corrosion coating can effectively improve the overall service life of the equipment and reduce equipment maintenance costs.

[0009] A preferred embodiment is a nickel-chromium alloy with the following main components: nickel (Ni) 57-62%, chromium (Cr) 22.0-24.0%, molybdenum (Mo) 15.0-17.0%, iron (Fe≤3.0%), copper (Cu) 1.3-1.9%, carbon (C≤0.01%), and silicon (Si≤0.06%). The addition of copper significantly enhances the alloy's corrosion resistance in reducing media such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of molybdenum and chromium imparts excellent resistance to pitting corrosion (PREN≥65) and stress corrosion cracking, while the low-iron (Fe≤3.0%) design reduces the risk of impurity phase precipitation.

[0010] A preferred embodiment includes a lower chamber with a top cover. One end of the top cover has a feed inlet. The stirring mechanism includes two stirring shafts as described above. The ends of the stirring shafts are connected to a rotary drive mechanism. Multiple blades on the two stirring shafts are arranged in a staggered pattern. A discharge outlet is located at the bottom of the lower chamber, away from the feed inlet. The stirring shafts described above, when used in conjunction with the copper smelting hazardous solid waste pollutant treatment equipment, can effectively reduce the overall maintenance cost of the equipment and improve the flexibility of equipment installation and use.

[0011] A preferred embodiment is that the end of the stirring shaft is provided with a fixed flange, which is fixed to the housing of the processing equipment. A vent cap is fixed on the side of the flange away from the rotary joint assembly. The vent cap is placed on the end of the stirring shaft. The other end of the stirring shaft is located on one side of the rotary drive mechanism and the port is open. An air intake is provided on the radial side of the vent cap. An air inlet and an air outlet are provided on the top of the processing chamber. The air outlet is connected to the negative pressure gas processing equipment, and the air intake is connected to the air inlet. When the negative pressure gas processing equipment is started, it can remove the heat of the stirring shaft to prevent the stirring shaft from overheating and affecting the service life of the shaft end sealing assembly and bearings. On the other hand, it preheats the air entering the processing chamber.

[0012] This invention also provides a method for treating hazardous solid waste pollutants from copper smelting. The method utilizes the aforementioned treatment equipment to dry copper smelting leaching slag. The leaching slag falls into the treatment chamber through the feed inlet. A rotary drive mechanism controls two stirring shafts to rotate synchronously in opposite directions, causing the blades to perform reciprocating shearing and pushing actions on the material. A heating pipe continuously provides heat exchange medium to multiple blades, enhancing the mixing and heat exchange effect of the leaching slag. The moisture in the leaching slag is heated and evaporates rapidly. The evaporated water vapor is carried away by a negative pressure gas treatment device, and the dried leaching slag is discharged from the discharge outlet. Attached Figure Description

[0013] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the processing device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the processing device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view of the processing device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention after the top cover has been removed; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of one side of the rotary drive mechanism of the processing equipment in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the blade in the processing device of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle; Figure 7 yes Figure 5 A magnified view of a portion of point B in the middle; Figure 8 This is a longitudinal sectional view of the processing equipment in Embodiment 1; Figure 9 yes Figure 8 A magnified view of a portion of point E in the middle; Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the stirring shaft in Example 3; Figure 11 yes Figure 10 A magnified view of a portion of point C in the middle; Figure 12 yes Figure 10 A magnified view of a portion of point D in the middle; Figure 13 This is an exploded view of the blade section in Example 3; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the blade structure in Embodiment 5 of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a partial schematic diagram of the blades in use in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0015] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Lower housing; 10. Jacket cavity; 11. Top cover; 111. Feed inlet; 112. Air inlet; 113. Air outlet; 114. Discharge baffle; 12. Discharge outlet; 2. Stirring shaft; 20. Nickel-chromium alloy material; 21. Linkage gear; 22. Positioning hole; 3. Paddle; 310. Radial connection hole; 31. Inner arc plate; 310. Radial connection hole; 311. Mounting part; 312. Snap-fit ​​platform; 313. Radial bolt; 314. Inner sleeve; 32. Suspended arc plate; 321. Heat insulation connecting block; 322. Scraper; 4. Heating pipe; 41 411. Medium inlet pipe; 412. Radial inlet pipe; 413. Inner connecting sleeve; 414. Inner limiting platform; 415. Protruding edge; 42. Medium outlet pipe; 426. Radial outlet pipe; 427. Outer limiting platform; 428. Outer connecting sleeve; 501. Mounting base; 52. Radial seat hole; 501. Paddle limiting sleeve; 5010. Hexagonal inner hole; 5011. Inner conical surface; 5012. Outer conical surface; 502. Seat limiting sleeve; 51. Arc-shaped limiting strip; 52. Radial seat hole; 6. Drive motor; 7. Reducer; 8. Rotary joint assembly; 80. Flange; 81. Air cap; 811. Inlet. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the present invention. In this document, spatial relation terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "high," and "lower" can describe the relationship between one feature and another in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that spatial relation terms include not only the orientation shown in the drawings but also different orientations of the device during use or operation.

[0017] Example 1 Combination Figures 1 to 4As shown, a copper smelting hazardous solid waste pollutant treatment device includes a treatment chamber composed of a lower housing 1 at the bottom and an upper cover 11 at the top. The treatment chamber is equipped with a stirring mechanism, specifically including two hollow stirring shafts 2. The two stirring shafts 2 are respectively arranged in the two side cavities within the lower housing 1. Each stirring shaft 2 has a linkage gear 21 at one end, and the two linkage gears 21 mesh with each other. One of the linkage gears 21 is meshed with a rotary drive mechanism. The rotary drive mechanism mainly includes a drive motor 6 and a reducer 7 connected by transmission. The power output end of the reducer 7 is meshed with one of the linkage gears 21 through an output gear, realizing dual-shaft reverse synchronous drive rotation. The rotary drive mechanism is located outside the treatment chamber.

[0018] The processing chamber is connected to a negative pressure gas processing device. An air inlet 112 is located in the middle of the upper cover 11, a feed inlet 111 is located at one end of the upper cover 11, and an air outlet 113 is located at the other end. The air outlet 113 is connected to the gas processing device. An outlet 12 is located at the bottom of the lower chamber 1, away from the feed inlet 111. A discharge baffle 114 is located on one side of the upper part of the outlet 12, and the discharge baffle 114 is located at one end of the stirring shaft 2. A jacketed cavity 10 is provided in the lower chamber 1. During use, a heat transfer medium is circulated through the jacketed cavity 10. An insulation layer is provided on the outside of the jacketed cavity 10. The lower chamber 1 heats the leaching residue through the heat transfer medium circulated through the jacketed cavity 10.

[0019] Combination Figures 2 to 7 As shown, the stirring shaft 2 is provided with multiple hollow blades 3 along the axial direction. The blades (3) are fan-shaped and arranged radially. The blades 3 are detachably connected to the stirring shaft 2, and the blades 3 are spirally arranged on the stirring shaft 2 at a certain angle. The spiral angle of the blades 3 on the two stirring shafts 2 is consistent, both pointing to one end of the discharge baffle 114. The blades 3 on the same stirring shaft 2 are divided into different spiral angles according to the feeding section, drying section and discharge section, so as to achieve a balance between the residence time of the material in the processing chamber and the processing efficiency. The multiple blades 3 in the two stirring shafts 2 are arranged in an alternating manner, and the plated leaching residue is squeezed and sheared during rotation.

[0020] A heating pipe 4 is coaxially installed inside the stirring shaft 2. One end of the heating pipe 4 is connected to the medium circulation heat source, and the heating pipe 4 is radially connected to the blades 3. During use, the heating pipe 4 continuously circulates heat transfer medium to the multiple blades 3 to heat the blades 3. The blades 3 continuously contact the leaching residue through rotation, thus continuously heating the leaching residue.

[0021] A positioning hole 22 is provided at the position where the stirring shaft (2) and the blade (3) are connected. An inner arc plate (31) is provided at the bottom of the fan-shaped inner arc side of the blade (3) corresponding to the stirring shaft (2). The two ends of the inner arc plate (31) are respectively provided with circumferentially extending mounting parts (311). A radial bolt 313 for radial fixing of the blade (3) is passed through the mounting part (311). The radial fixing of the blade (3) is achieved by the radial bolt 313. Two radial connecting holes 310 are provided in the inner arc plate (31). One end of the limiting sleeve (501, 502) is threaded into the positioning hole 22. The other end of the limiting sleeve (501, 502) is coaxially set with the radial connecting hole 310. An internal hexagonal hole is provided along the length direction at the inner wall of the end of the limiting sleeve (501, 502) for tightening the limiting sleeve (501, 502) with a wrench. A radial tube is inserted inside the limiting sleeve (501, 502), and the radial tube is connected between the heating pipe 4 and the blade (3).

[0022] Specifically, the heating pipe (4) includes a coaxial medium inlet pipe (41) and a medium outlet pipe (42), and the radial pipe includes a radial inlet pipe (411) and a radial outlet pipe (421). One end of the radial inlet pipe (411) is connected to the medium inlet pipe (41), and the other end of the radial inlet pipe (411) is connected to one end of the blade (3). One end of the radial outlet pipe (421) is connected to the medium outlet pipe (42), and the other end of the radial outlet pipe (421) is connected to the other end of the blade (3). The radial inlet pipe (411) and the radial outlet pipe (421) are coaxially installed in the corresponding limiting sleeves (501, 502). The limiting sleeves (501, 502) protect the radial inlet pipe (411) and the radial outlet pipe (421) while limiting the blade (3).

[0023] Connecting sleeves are provided at the positions where the heating pipe (4) connects to the radial inlet pipe (411) and the radial outlet pipe (421), and sealing components are provided at both ends of the radial inlet pipe (411) and the radial outlet pipe (421). Specifically, an inner connecting sleeve (412) is provided radially at the position where the medium inlet pipe (411) connects to the radial inlet pipe (411). The radial inlet pipe (411) passes through the outer wall of the medium outlet pipe (42) and is installed in the inner connecting sleeve (412). The inner connecting sleeve (412) is located on the inner side of the inner wall of the medium outlet pipe (42) and is welded at the joint to achieve fixation and sealing. An inner limiting platform 4120 is provided in the inner wall of the inner connecting sleeve (412), and the inner limiting platform 4120 is abutted against the end of the radial inlet pipe (411). A radially connected outer connecting sleeve (422) is provided at the position where the medium outlet pipe (42) connects to the radial outlet pipe (421). The outer connecting sleeve (422) is fitted onto the outside of the end of the radial outlet pipe (421). An annular outer limiting platform 4210 is provided in the outer wall of the radial outlet pipe (421), and the outer limiting platform 4210 is engaged with the outer end of the outer connecting sleeve (422). The outer limiting platform 4210 and the inner limiting platform 4120 achieve reliable axial positioning of the radial outlet pipe 421 or the radial inlet pipe 411 on the one hand, and overall support of the heating pipe 4 within the stirring shaft 2 on the other hand. One end of the heating pipe 4 is sealed, and the other end is provided with a corresponding rotary joint assembly 8 for connecting the medium inlet pipe 41 and the medium outlet pipe 42 to the circulating heat source. The rotary joint assembly 8 is fixed to the flange 80. Figures 8 to 9 As shown, a fixed flange 80 is set at the end of the stirring shaft (2). The flange 80 is fixed to the outer shell of the processing equipment. A vent 81 is fixed on the side of the flange 80 away from the rotary joint assembly 8. The vent 81 covers the end of the stirring shaft 2. The other end of the stirring shaft 2 is set on one side of the rotary drive mechanism and the port is open. An air intake 811 is provided on the radial side of the vent 81. The air intake 811 is connected to the air inlet 112. When the negative pressure gas processing equipment is started, on the one hand, it can remove the heat from the inner cavity of the stirring shaft 2, and avoid the stirring shaft 2 from overheating and affecting the service life of the shaft end sealing assembly and bearing. On the other hand, it preheats the air entering the processing chamber, which improves the thermal energy utilization rate of the equipment.

[0024] Combination Figures 5 to 7As shown, in this embodiment, the blade (3) is directly radially fixed to the stirring shaft 2 by radial bolts 313. The limiting sleeve inserted in the positioning hole 22 is the blade limiting sleeve 501. The inner side of one end of the blade limiting sleeve 501 is provided with an internal hexagonal hole 5011 along the length direction. One end of the blade limiting sleeve 501 is provided with a thread, and the other end is provided with an inner conical surface 5011 and an outer conical surface 5012. The inner conical surface 5011 and the outer conical surface 5012 are set opposite to each other. The inner conical surface 5011 is fitted with the conical surface in the positioning hole 22. The outer conical surface 5012 is used to limit the blade 3. Since the roundness of the radial connecting hole 310 is difficult to guarantee during manufacturing, a precision-machined inner sleeve 314 is welded to the radial connecting hole 310. The inner sleeve 314 is provided with a conical surface that cooperates with the outer conical surface 5012. The radial outlet pipe 421 and the radial inlet pipe 411 are respectively provided with radially protruding flanges 413 at the ends that connect with the blade 3. The flanges 413 are clamped between the blade limiting sleeve 501 and the inner sleeve 314, and sealing components are provided on the two axial end faces of the flanges 413. In use, the outer conical surface 5012 of the blade limiting sleeve 501 is used to reliably limit the axial and rotational directions of the blade 3, while fixing and sealing the radial inlet pipe 411 and the radial outlet pipe 421.

[0025] The method for processing leaching residue using this equipment is as follows: the leaching residue falls into the processing chamber through the feed inlet 111, and the heat transfer medium introduced into the blades 3 and the jacketed cavity 10 is provided with heat by a circulating heat source. In this embodiment, the heat transfer medium can be heat transfer oil, which can realize that the multiple blades 3 connected by the heating pipe 4 and the inner wall of the lower box 1 continuously heat the leaching residue, and continuously enhance the mixing and heat exchange effect of the leaching residue in multiple directions. The rotary drive mechanism controls the two stirring shafts 2 to rotate synchronously in opposite directions, so that the blades 3 form a reciprocating shearing and pushing action on the material. The water in the leaching residue is heated and evaporated more quickly. The evaporated water vapor is carried away by the gas treatment equipment, which quickly removes the free water and some bound water in the leaching residue. The leaching residue is conveyed towards the discharge port 12 as the blades 3 rotate. The residence time of the leaching residue in the equipment can be controlled by setting a reasonable height through the discharge baffle 114. When the water content of the leaching residue drops to ≤15%, it is discharged from the discharge port 12, which meets the requirements for building material utilization or safe landfill, and realizes the efficient stabilization treatment of heavy metal pollutants in copper smelting solid waste. Example 2

[0026] The copper smelting hazardous solid waste pollutant treatment equipment of Example 1 was further optimized. The working surfaces of the treatment chamber and the stirring shaft 2 that come into contact with the solid waste pollutants are covered with layered nickel-chromium alloy material 20 and coated with a nano-anti-corrosion coating. The main components of the nickel-chromium alloy material 20 are: nickel (Ni) 57-62%, chromium (Cr) 22.0-24.0%, molybdenum (Mo) 15.0-17.0%, iron (Fe≤3.0%), copper (Cu) 1.3-1.9%, carbon (C≤0.01%), and silicon (Si≤0.06%).

[0027] The nano-anti-corrosion coating is a plasma-sprayed nano-Al2O3-TiO2-SiC composite ceramic coating, comprising the following core components by mass fraction: nano-α-Al2O3 55-65%, particle size 30-50nm, purity ≥99.5%; its function is to provide the coating with basic strength, hardness, and acid corrosion resistance, while the α-phase crystal form ensures high-temperature stability; nano-rutile TiO2 20-25%, particle size 20-40nm, purity ≥99%; its function is to improve the brittleness of Al2O3, lower the coating sintering temperature to 450℃, and simultaneously enhance the adhesion between the coating and the metal substrate; nano-β-SiC 10-15%, particle size 50-80nm, purity ≥99%; its function is to improve the coating's wear resistance (hardness ≥HV1500), resist the erosion of acidic leaching residue particles, while the chemical inertness of SiC further enhances acid resistance; silane coupling agent KH-560. 1-2%, industrial grade; its function is to improve the dispersibility of nanoparticles in solvent during the slurry preparation stage before spraying, avoid powder agglomeration, and form a stable and uniform suspension slurry; solvent: a mixture of anhydrous ethanol and deionized water (volume ratio 1:1), balance; its function is to adjust the slurry viscosity to 50-80 mPa·s to meet the atomization requirements of plasma spraying.

[0028] Before assembling the stirring shaft 2 and the blade 3, anti-corrosion construction can be carried out on the working parts to significantly improve the corrosion resistance of the equipment for treating leaching residue. Breaking down the components of the equipment for treating hazardous solid waste pollutants from copper smelting into smaller parts can improve the ease of construction. Example 3

[0029] A stirring shaft for treating hazardous solid waste pollutants from copper smelting, differing from the stirring shaft in Example 1, is combined with... Figures 10 to 13 Mounting seats 5 are provided at corresponding positions on the inner arc plate (31) of the stirring shaft 2 and the blade 3. The blade 3 is detachably connected to the mounting seat 5. Raised arc-shaped limiting strips 51 are provided on both sides of the connection between the mounting seat 5 and the blade 3. The blade 3 is positioned between the two arc-shaped limiting strips 51. A snap-fit ​​platform 312 is provided on the inner side of the two mounting parts 311 of the inner arc plate 31, and the two opposing snap-fit ​​platforms 312 snap onto the two ends of the arc-shaped limiting strips 51. The blade 3 is detachably connected to the mounting seat 5 via radial bolts 313. The mounting seat 5 fixes the blade 3 axially and rotatably via the two arc-shaped limiting strips 51, and then radially fixes it via the radial bolts 313. This isolates the blade 3 from direct contact with the stirring shaft 2, improving the service life of the stirring shaft 2.

[0030] The mounting base 5 has a radial seat hole 52, and a seat limiting sleeve 502 passes through the radial seat hole 52. The bottom end of the seat limiting sleeve 502 is threadedly connected to the positioning hole 22 in the tube wall of the stirring shaft 2. The top end of the seat limiting sleeve 502 has an internal hexagonal groove. The outer end of the radial seat hole 52 has an annular concave step. The end of the seat limiting sleeve 502 away from the stirring shaft 2 is engaged in the step. The mounting base 5 is fixed to the stirring shaft 2 by the seat limiting sleeve 502. The stirring shaft 2 only has an opening for connection at the positioning hole 22, which is covered inside the mounting base 5, effectively reducing damage to the stirring shaft 2 and reducing corrosion of the stirring shaft 2. The mounting base 5 has a larger contact area with the stirring shaft 2. The wall thickness of the stirring shaft 2 can be further reduced during the design to reduce equipment investment. By setting different mounting bases 5, the helix angle of the blades 3 at different positions can be adjusted, making the adjustment more flexible and convenient. Example 4

[0031] Further improvements were made to the stirring shaft in Embodiment 3: the mounting base 5 and the base limiting sleeve 502 are made of materials that are poor conductors of heat, which can further reduce the heat transferred from the heating pipe 4 to the stirring shaft 2, effectively reduce the working temperature of the stirring shaft 2, further avoid the impact of the high temperature of the stirring shaft 2 on the service life of the shaft end sealing assembly and bearings, and reduce the equipment failure rate. Example 5

[0032] A stirring shaft for treating hazardous solid waste pollutants from copper smelting is further optimized from the stirring shaft in Example 1, combined with... Figures 14 to 15 The axial thickness of one fan-shaped end of the impeller 3 is greater than that of the other end. A suspended arc-shaped plate 32 is provided on the outer side of the impeller 3 away from the stirring shaft 2. Insulating connecting blocks 321 are provided at both ends of the suspended arc-shaped plate 32 where it is fixed to the impeller 3. At least one radial scraper 322 is fixed on the suspended arc-shaped plate 32. The scraper 322 rotates with the impeller 3 around the corresponding stirring shaft 2 to scrape off the leaching residue adhering to the inner wall of the lower chamber 1, making heating more uniform. The suspended arc-shaped plate 32 has elastic deformation capability, which can improve its ability to withstand compression and further prevent damage to the impeller 3 and the inner wall of the lower chamber 1 due to compression. The axial width of the suspended arc-shaped plate 32 can be greater than the axial thickness of the impeller 3, which can prevent fresh air from the air inlet 112 from directly blowing onto the exposed impeller 3, causing heat loss.

[0033] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clear illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all embodiments here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A stirring mechanism for treating hazardous solid waste pollutants from copper smelting, characterized in that: The device includes a hollow stirring shaft (2), which has multiple hollow blades (3) arranged axially. The blades (3) are fan-shaped and arranged radially. A heating pipe (4) is coaxially inserted inside the stirring shaft (2). One end of the heating pipe (4) is connected to a medium circulation heat source. The heating pipe (4) is radially connected to the blades (3). The blades (3) are detachably connected to the stirring shaft (2).

2. The stirring mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blade (3) is provided with a suspended arc plate (32) on the outer side away from the stirring shaft (2). The two ends of the suspended arc plate (32) are provided with heat-insulating connecting blocks (321) at the fixed positions of the blade (3). Radial scrapers (322) are fixed in the suspended arc plate (32).

3. The stirring mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring shaft (2) is provided with a positioning hole (22) at the position corresponding to the blade (3). The bottom of the fan-shaped inner side of the blade (3) corresponding to the stirring shaft (2) is provided with an inner arc plate (31). The two ends of the inner arc plate (31) are respectively provided with circumferentially extending mounting portions (311). A radial bolt (313) for radially fixing the blade (3) is passed through the mounting portion (311). A radial connecting hole (310) is provided in the inner arc plate (31). One end of the limiting sleeve (501) and (502) is passed through the positioning hole (22). The other end of the limiting sleeve (501, 502) is coaxially arranged with the radial connecting hole (310). A radial tube is passed through the limiting sleeve (501, 502). The radial tube is connected between the heating pipe (4) and the blade (3).

4. The stirring mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heating pipe (4) includes a coaxial medium inlet pipe (41) and a medium outlet pipe (42). The radial pipe includes a radial inlet pipe (411) and a radial outlet pipe (421). One end of the radial inlet pipe (411) is connected to the medium inlet pipe (41), and the other end of the radial inlet pipe (411) is connected to one end of the blade (3). One end of the radial outlet pipe (421) is connected to the medium outlet pipe (42), and the other end of the radial outlet pipe (421) is connected to the other end of the blade (3). The radial inlet pipe (411) and the radial outlet pipe (421) are coaxially inserted into the corresponding limiting sleeves (501, 502). The limiting sleeves (501, 502) protect the radial inlet pipe (411) and the radial outlet pipe (421) while limiting the blade (3). The heating pipe (4) is provided with connecting sleeves at the positions where it connects with the radial inlet pipe (411) and the radial outlet pipe (421), and sealing components are provided at both ends of the radial inlet pipe (411) and the radial outlet pipe (421).

5. The stirring mechanism according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: An mounting base (5) is provided between the inner arc plate (31) and the stirring shaft (2). The blade (3) is detachably connected to the mounting base (5) through the mounting part (311). The mounting base (5) and the blade (3) are provided with raised arc-shaped limiting strips (51) on both sides of the junction. The blade (3) is arranged between the two arc-shaped limiting strips (51). The inner sides of the two mounting parts (311) are provided with snap-fit ​​platforms (312). The two opposing snap-fit ​​platforms (312) are snapped into the two ends of the arc-shaped limiting strips (51). The mounting base (5) is provided with a radial seat hole (52). A seat limiting sleeve (502) passes through the radial seat hole (52). The seat limiting sleeve (502) is threaded to the pipe wall of the stirring shaft (2). The mounting base (5) is fixed to the stirring shaft (2) through the seat limiting sleeve (502).

6. A treatment device for hazardous solid waste pollutants from copper smelting, comprising a treatment chamber, characterized in that: The processing chamber is equipped with a stirring mechanism, one end of which is connected to a rotary drive mechanism. The processing chamber is connected to a negative pressure gas treatment device. The working surfaces of the processing chamber and the stirring shaft that come into contact with solid waste pollutants are covered with nickel-chromium alloy material (20) and a nano-anti-corrosion coating.

7. The copper smelting hazardous solid waste pollutant treatment equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The main components of the nickel-chromium alloy material (20) are: nickel (Ni) 57-62%, chromium (Cr) 22.0-24.0%, molybdenum (Mo) 15.0-17.0%, iron (Fe≤3.0%), copper (Cu) 1.3-1.9%, carbon (C≤0.01%), and silicon (Si≤0.06%).

8. The copper smelting hazardous solid waste pollutant treatment equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The processing chamber includes a lower housing (1), the top of which is provided with a top cover (11), one end of which is provided with a feed inlet (111), the stirring mechanism includes two stirring shafts (2) as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, the ends of which are connected to a rotary drive mechanism, and multiple blades (3) in the two stirring shafts (2) are arranged alternately, and the bottom of the lower housing (1) away from the feed inlet (111) is provided with a discharge outlet (12).

9. The copper smelting hazardous solid waste pollutant treatment equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The end of the stirring shaft (2) is provided with a fixed flange (80), which is fixed to the outer shell of the processing equipment. A vent (81) is fixed on the side of the flange (80) away from the rotary joint assembly (8). The vent (81) covers the end of the stirring shaft (2). The other end of the stirring shaft (2) is located on one side of the rotary drive mechanism and the port is open. An air intake (811) is provided on the radial side of the vent (81). An air inlet (112) and an air outlet (113) are provided at the top of the processing chamber. The air outlet (113) is connected to the negative pressure gas processing equipment. The air intake (811) is connected to the air inlet (112). When the negative pressure gas processing equipment is started, on the one hand, it can remove the heat of the stirring shaft (2) to avoid the stirring shaft (2) from overheating and affecting the service life of the shaft end sealing assembly and bearing. On the other hand, it preheats the air entering the processing chamber.

10. A method for treating hazardous solid waste pollutants from copper smelting, characterized in that: The copper smelting leaching residue is dried using the processing equipment described in claim 9. The leaching residue falls into the processing chamber through the feed port (111). The rotary drive mechanism controls the two stirring (2) shafts to rotate synchronously in opposite directions, so that the blades (3) form a reciprocating shearing and pushing action on the material. The heating pipe (4) continuously provides heat exchange medium to the multiple blades (3), which enhances the mixing and heat exchange effect of the leaching residue. The water in the leaching residue is heated and evaporated faster. The evaporated water vapor is carried away by the negative pressure gas treatment equipment. The dried leaching residue is discharged from the discharge port (12).

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