Tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery system and method based on flexible air bag

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of railway tunnel engineering and aerodynamic control, and particularly provides a tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery system and method based on a flexible air bag. The system comprises a conical flexible air bag group, a water-drop-shaped flexible air bag group, a generator, a storage battery, an air pump, a flow guide pipeline, a laser sensor array, a regulation and control center and a pressure sensor, the conical flexible airbag group is longitudinally arranged along the tunnel; the water-drop-shaped flexible air bag sets and the conical flexible air bag sets are alternately arranged in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. The generator is connected with the conical flexible air bag group through a flow guide pipeline; the air pump is connected with the conical flexible air bag group and the water-drop-shaped flexible air bag group through a flow guide pipeline; the storage battery is connected with the generator and the air pump; the laser sensor array is arranged at the entrance and exit of the tunnel; the pressure sensors are longitudinally distributed along the tunnel. According to the system and the method, tunnel pressure adjustment and energy recovery have a synergistic effect, energy is saved, and transient pressure generated when the high-speed train passes through the tunnel is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of railway tunnel engineering and aerodynamic control technology, specifically relating to a tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery system and method based on flexible airbags. Background Technology

[0002] When a train passes through a tunnel at high speed, the compressed air at the front and the negative pressure effect at the rear can cause severe transient pressure fluctuations, posing a significant threat to tunnel structural safety, passenger comfort, and equipment lifespan. Traditional solutions such as fixed pressure relief holes and passive buffer structures have obvious drawbacks: fixed pressure relief holes are only designed for specific train speeds and cannot adapt to dynamically changing train speeds, and passive pressure relief results in complete energy waste; although porous materials can absorb some pressure, their suppression efficiency is low, they are prone to aging and failure under long-term impact, and their maintenance costs are high. Furthermore, they lack coordinated control of pressure fluctuation suppression and energy recovery, making it difficult to achieve comprehensive optimization.

[0003] Furthermore, as high-speed railways extend into complex environments (such as undersea tunnels), higher demands are placed on the durability of pressure regulation systems. For example, the high humidity and high salt spray environment of undersea tunnels accelerates the corrosion of metal components; the long response time of the regulation device makes it unable to cope with changes in transient pressure waves within the tunnel.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery system and method based on flexible airbags to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery system and method based on flexible airbags, so as to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art. The specific technical solution is as follows: The tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery system based on flexible airbags includes a cone-shaped flexible airbag group, a teardrop-shaped flexible airbag group, a generator, a battery, an air pump, a flow guide pipe, a laser sensor array, a control center, and a pressure sensor. The conical flexible airbag assembly is arranged longitudinally along the tunnel to absorb the pressure waves generated when the train passes through; The teardrop-shaped flexible airbag group and the cone-shaped flexible airbag group are arranged alternately along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel to achieve multi-stage dynamic depressurization; The generator is connected to the conical flexible airbag assembly via a flow guide pipe; The air pump is connected to the conical flexible airbag assembly and the teardrop-shaped flexible airbag assembly via a guide pipe. The storage battery is connected to the generator and the air pump respectively; The laser sensor array is arranged at the tunnel entrance and exit to collect real-time information on train speed, position, and carriage length. The pressure sensors are distributed along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel to monitor the dynamic changes of pressure waves inside the tunnel in real time. The control center is connected to the teardrop-shaped flexible airbag assembly, generator, air pump, laser sensor array, and pressure sensor, respectively.

[0006] Furthermore, the conical flexible airbag assembly includes multiple conical flexible airbags arranged circumferentially along the tunnel, with the central angle between two adjacent conical flexible airbags being 20°-40°. The teardrop-shaped flexible airbag group includes multiple teardrop-shaped flexible airbags arranged circumferentially along the tunnel, with the central angle between two adjacent teardrop-shaped flexible airbags being 20°-40°. The distance between adjacent cone-shaped flexible airbag groups and teardrop-shaped flexible airbag groups is 30m-50m.

[0007] Furthermore, both the cone-shaped flexible airbag assembly and the teardrop-shaped flexible airbag assembly adopt a multi-layer composite structure, which includes an inner layer, a middle layer, and an outer layer; the inner layer is a honeycomb-shaped support skeleton to improve compressive stability; the middle layer is a polyurethane-coated fabric layer to form a pressure-resistant elastomer; and the outer layer is a fluororubber anti-corrosion protective layer.

[0008] Furthermore, the front end of the teardrop-shaped flexible airbag is provided with a multi-stage adjustable nozzle, which is used to achieve multi-stage dynamic pressure release.

[0009] Furthermore, each teardrop-shaped flexible airbag has 3 to 5 adjustable nozzles at its front end, with nozzle diameters ranging from 50 mm to 200 mm.

[0010] Furthermore, the outer surface of the flow guiding pipe is wrapped with a sound insulation and heat insulation layer with a thickness of 30~50mm; the inner wall of the flow guiding pipe is covered with a honeycomb turbulence straightening mesh with a mesh density of 20~40 mesh.

[0011] Furthermore, the laser sensor array includes 3 to 6 laser rangefinders, with adjacent laser rangefinders arranged at an angle of 15° to 30°.

[0012] The tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery method based on flexible airbags, using the system described above for tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery, includes the following steps: Prediction phase: The train position is collected in real time by a laser sensor array, and a start signal is generated when the train head is 200-500 m from the tunnel entrance; Start-up phase: When the train head enters the tunnel, the first and second stage nozzles of the teardrop-shaped flexible airbag assembly are activated, and the air pump and generator are started. Peak adjustment phase: The cone-shaped flexible airbag assembly absorbs energy through deformation and regulates tunnel pressure; When the train passes through the tunnel, the pressure difference is monitored in real time by pressure sensors. ΔP Dynamically adjust the nozzle opening of the teardrop-shaped airbag assembly to level 3-5; Energy recovery stage: When the train is traveling in the tunnel, the cone-shaped flexible airbag assembly deforms to generate pressure waves in the diversion pipe, which are then recycled and used to generate electricity. After the rear of the train leaves the tunnel, the nozzles and air pumps of the teardrop-shaped airbag assembly are shut off, while the cone-shaped flexible airbag assembly continues to operate for 5 to 10 minutes, recovering residual pressure energy through the generator.

[0013] Furthermore, the nozzle opening level control logic is as follows: when ΔP When ≤3 kPa, n =2; When 3 kPa < ΔP When ≤6 kPa, n =2+min([ ΔP -3], 2); when ΔP >6 kPa, n =5; n This indicates the number of nozzles that are open.

[0014] Furthermore, during the peak adjustment phase, the control center dynamically adjusts the nozzle opening based on the pressure fluctuation suppression effect evaluation function; The evaluation function for pressure fluctuation suppression effect is: ; In the above formula, J Indicates comprehensive evaluation indicators; , , These are dimensionless weighting coefficients. Dimensionless parameters characterizing system energy consumption t For time.

[0015] The application of the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention provides a tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery system based on flexible airbags, including a conical flexible airbag group, a teardrop-shaped flexible airbag group, a generator, a battery, an air pump, a flow guide pipe, a laser sensor array, a control center, and a pressure sensor; the conical flexible airbag group is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel to absorb the pressure wave generated when the train passes; the teardrop-shaped flexible airbag group and the conical flexible airbag group are arranged alternately along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel to achieve multi-level dynamic pressure relief; the generator is connected to the conical flexible airbag group through the flow guide pipe; the air pump is connected to the conical flexible airbag group and the teardrop-shaped flexible airbag group through the flow guide pipe; the battery is connected to the generator and the air pump respectively; the laser sensor array is arranged at the tunnel entrance and exit to collect train speed, position and carriage length information in real time; the pressure sensor is distributed along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel to monitor the dynamic changes of pressure waves in the tunnel in real time; the control center is connected to the teardrop-shaped flexible airbag group, the generator, the air pump, the laser sensor array and the pressure sensor respectively. In this invention, the pressure inside the tunnel is regulated by a conical flexible airbag assembly and a teardrop-shaped flexible airbag assembly. At the same time, the conical flexible airbag assembly is connected to a generator to recover energy, and the energy is stored and utilized through a battery. The synergistic effect of tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery saves energy and effectively reduces the transient pressure generated when high-speed trains pass through the tunnel, thereby improving tunnel safety and passenger comfort.

[0016] (2) In this invention, a flexible airbag assembly is used to regulate tunnel pressure. The flexible airbag assembly adopts a multi-layer composite structure to improve stability and corrosion resistance during use, thereby improving its durability.

[0017] (3) In this invention, the front end of the teardrop-shaped flexible airbag is provided with a multi-level adjustable nozzle. The number of nozzles opened is controlled according to the real-time pressure difference, which can realize multi-level dynamic pressure adjustment and effectively buffer the pressure wave amplitude.

[0018] (4) In this invention, the conical flexible airbag group includes multiple conical flexible airbags arranged along the tunnel circumference, and the central angle between two adjacent conical flexible airbags is 20°-40°; the teardrop-shaped flexible airbag group includes multiple teardrop-shaped flexible airbags arranged along the tunnel circumference, and the central angle between two adjacent teardrop-shaped flexible airbags is 20°-40°; this angle setting can achieve uniform pressure relief across the entire circumferential section and eliminate local eddies.

[0019] (5) The present invention provides a tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery method based on flexible airbags. This method can effectively reduce the transient pressure generated when high-speed trains pass through tunnels, improve tunnel safety and passenger comfort; and at the same time, it can recover energy and improve energy utilization.

[0020] In addition to the objectives, features, and advantages described above, the present invention has other objectives, features, and advantages. The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the figures. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery system based on flexible airbags in this invention. Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the cone-shaped flexible airbag in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of nozzles on the teardrop-shaped flexible airbag in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the diversion pipe; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the control logic for the tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery method based on flexible airbags in this invention. Among them, 1. Conical flexible airbag assembly, 11. Honeycomb support frame, 12. Polyurethane coated fabric layer, 13. Fluororubber anti-corrosion protective layer, 2. Teardrop-shaped flexible airbag assembly, 21. Adjustable nozzle, 3. Generator, 4. Battery, 5. Air pump, 6. Guide pipe, 61. Sound and heat insulation layer, 62. Rectifier mesh, 7. Laser sensor array, 8. Pressure sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "front", "back", "lateral", "longitudinal", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0024] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0025] Example: See Figure 1 This embodiment provides a tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery system based on flexible airbags, including a conical flexible airbag group 1, a teardrop-shaped flexible airbag group 2, a generator 3, a battery 4, an air pump 5, a flow guide pipe 6, a laser sensor array 7, a control center and a pressure sensor 8; The conical flexible airbag group 1 is provided in multiple groups, and the multiple groups of conical flexible airbag groups 1 are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel (i.e. the tunnel extension direction) to absorb the pressure wave generated when the train passes. The teardrop-shaped flexible airbag group 2 is provided in multiple sets, and the multiple sets of teardrop-shaped flexible airbag groups 2 are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel and alternate with the conical flexible airbag group to achieve multi-level dynamic pressure relief; the distance between adjacent conical flexible airbag groups 1 and teardrop-shaped flexible airbag groups 2 is 30m-50m to achieve distributed and gradient dissipation of pressure waves.

[0026] The conical flexible airbag group 1 includes multiple conical flexible airbags arranged circumferentially along the tunnel, with the central angle between two adjacent conical flexible airbags being 20°-40°; the teardrop-shaped flexible airbag group 2 includes multiple teardrop-shaped flexible airbags arranged circumferentially along the tunnel, with the central angle between two adjacent teardrop-shaped flexible airbags being 20°-40°; this angle setting can achieve uniform pressure relief across the entire circumferential cross section and eliminate local eddies.

[0027] In this embodiment, preferably, both the cone-shaped flexible airbag assembly 1 and the teardrop-shaped flexible airbag assembly 2 adopt a multi-layer composite structure, which includes an inner layer, a middle layer, and an outer layer; the cone-shaped flexible airbag assembly 1 is used as an example for illustration, see [link to documentation]. Figure 2 The inner layer is a honeycomb support skeleton 11, which is used to improve compressive stability; the middle layer is a polyurethane coated fabric layer 12, which is used to form a pressure-resistant elastomer; the outer layer is a corrosion-resistant protective layer 13 made of fluororubber, and its surface is also provided with a coating to prevent seawater erosion.

[0028] The cone-shaped flexible airbag assembly 1 and the teardrop-shaped flexible airbag assembly 2 provided in this embodiment improve stability and corrosion resistance during use by adopting a multi-layer composite structure, thereby improving their durability.

[0029] See Figure 3 The teardrop-shaped flexible airbag has a multi-stage adjustable nozzle 21 at its front end. The multi-stage adjustable nozzle 21 is used to achieve multi-stage dynamic pressure release and buffer pressure fluctuation values. The adjustable nozzle 21 uses a solenoid valve to open and close the nozzle, with a response time ≤0.2s.

[0030] In this embodiment, see Figure 3Each teardrop-shaped flexible airbag has five adjustable nozzles 21 at its front end, with nozzle diameters ranging from 50mm to 200mm. These adjustable nozzles 21 are oriented towards the airflow direction within the tunnel to ensure timely and effective pressure release. The number of nozzles open... n Based on real-time pressure difference ΔP The calculation formula for hierarchical control is as follows: when ΔP When ≤3 kPa, n =2; When 3 kPa < ΔP When ≤6 kPa, n =2+min([ ΔP -3], 2); when ΔP >6 kPa, n =5.

[0031] See Figure 1 The diversion pipe 6 is laid longitudinally along the bottom of the tunnel sidewall and circumferentially along the tunnel cross section. The diversion pipe 6 is firmly fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel by a fixed bracket to ensure that the diversion pipe 6 will not shake or deform under the action of train pressure wave. There are multiple sets of diversion pipes 6 laid circumferentially along the tunnel cross section, with an interval of 30-50m between each set.

[0032] Each group of circumferentially arranged guide pipes 6 is equipped with multiple conical flexible airbags or teardrop-shaped flexible airbags, and the conical flexible airbags and teardrop-shaped flexible airbags are respectively connected to the guide pipes 6.

[0033] In this embodiment, see Figure 4 The outer surface of the flow guiding pipe 6 is wrapped with a sound insulation and heat insulation layer 61, the thickness of which is 30~50 mm; the inner wall of the flow guiding pipe 6 is covered with a honeycomb turbulence straightening mesh 62 with a mesh density of 20~40 mesh, which reduces the turbulence intensity of the airflow by 40%~60% and reduces energy loss.

[0034] In this embodiment, see Figure 1 The generator 3 and air pump 5 are both located inside the tunnel. The generator 3 and air pump 5 are connected to the conical flexible airbag assembly 1 via a guide pipe 6. The air pump 5 is used to inflate the conical flexible airbag assembly 1. When the train passes through the tunnel, the conical flexible airbag assembly 1 deforms, causing a change in air pressure within the guide pipe 6. The air pressure within the guide pipe 6 acts on the generator 3 to generate electricity. In this embodiment, the generator 3 is a bidirectional turbine generator with a power output of 5~20 kW and an energy conversion efficiency ≥65%. The generator 3 is connected to a storage battery 4 for energy storage. The battery 4 is connected to the air pump 5 to provide power for its operation.

[0035] In this embodiment, the conical flexible airbag deforms under the pressure wave generated when the train passes through the tunnel. Its volume deformation exhibits a nonlinear dynamic response relationship with the pressure change, as shown in the following formula: ; In the above formula, Represents volume deformation. ΔP Indicates pressure difference. This represents the elastic modulus of the airbag. Represents the natural constant. Indicates time, Indicates the pressure response time constant; In this embodiment, the conical flexible airbag expands and contracts under the pressure wave generated when the train passes through the tunnel. The maximum expansion volume of the conical flexible airbag is 2.5 to 4 times the initial design volume. The deformation of the conical flexible airbag causes pressurized airflow to be generated in the guide pipe 6, which then generates electricity through the generator 3.

[0036] The air pump 5 is connected to the end of the guide pipe 6 (which is equipped with a teardrop-shaped flexible airbag assembly) away from the teardrop-shaped flexible airbag assembly 2. The air pump 5 provides airflow to the teardrop-shaped flexible airbag assembly 2 through the guide pipe 6. The airflow is injected into the tunnel through the adjustable nozzle 21 to regulate the pressure inside the tunnel. In this embodiment, the air pump 5 is driven by a permanent magnet brushless motor with a rated power of 3~7.5 kW; the maximum exhaust pressure is 40-60 kPa, and the flow rate adjustment range is 2-15 m³ / min. The battery 4 is connected to the air pump 5 to provide power for the operation of the air pump 5.

[0037] In this embodiment, the conical flexible airbag can generate internal pressure through deformation during the deformation process, thereby realizing energy recovery (power generation), and can also absorb energy during the deformation process, playing a role in depressurization, thus achieving a synergistic effect of pressure wave suppression and energy recovery; in addition, the teardrop-shaped flexible airbag can also further absorb energy and depressurize through deformation during the jet depressurization process.

[0038] See Figure 1 The laser sensor array 7 is arranged at the tunnel entrance and exit to collect real-time information on train speed, position, and carriage length. In this embodiment, the laser sensor array 7 includes 3 to 6 laser ranging sensors, with adjacent laser ranging sensors arranged at an angle of 15° to 30° to ensure that the train's speed, position, and carriage length information can be collected in real time from all directions without blind spots. The sampling frequency is ≥100 Hz, and the train speed measurement error is ≤±1.5%. The data is transmitted to the control center through an optical fiber network with a transmission delay of <10 ms, ensuring high-speed, stable, and low-latency data transmission.

[0039] In this embodiment, the pressure sensor 8 is distributed along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel and connected to the control center to monitor the dynamic changes of pressure waves in the tunnel in real time.

[0040] In this embodiment, the control center is located inside the vehicle shelter and is connected to devices such as the teardrop-shaped flexible airbag assembly 2, generator 3, air pump 5, laser sensor array 7, and pressure sensor 8 to achieve centralized control and management of the entire system.

[0041] Before applying the flexible airbag-based tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery system of the present invention to regulate tunnel pressure and recover energy, it is necessary to conduct simulation tests on each device and component of the system to ensure that each device and component operates normally and meets the preset requirements.

[0042] This embodiment provides a tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery method based on flexible airbags. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 5 This includes the following steps: Prediction phase: When the train enters the tunnel monitoring area, the train's position / speed is collected in real time through a laser sensor array, and a start signal is generated when the train head is 200-500 m away from the tunnel entrance. Start-up phase: When the train head enters the tunnel, the control center controls the opening of the first and second level nozzles of the teardrop-shaped flexible airbag group (level 1 corresponds to the opening of 1 nozzle, level 2 corresponds to the opening of 2 nozzles, and so on. In this embodiment, 5 levels of nozzles are set, that is, 5 nozzles are opened at the same time), and starts the air pump and generator. Peak adjustment phase: The cone-shaped flexible airbag assembly absorbs energy through deformation and regulates tunnel pressure; When the train passes through the tunnel, the pressure difference is monitored in real time by pressure sensors. ΔP The nozzle opening of the teardrop-shaped airbag group is dynamically adjusted to level 3-5; the air pump delivers airflow to the teardrop-shaped airbag group through the guide pipe, and the teardrop-shaped airbag group uses the nozzle to spray air into the tunnel to reduce pressure and suppress pressure waves. Energy recovery stage: When the train is traveling in the tunnel, the cone-shaped flexible airbags deform to create pressure waves in the diversion pipe, which are then used to generate electricity through a generator and stored in the battery. After the rear of the train leaves the tunnel, the nozzles and air pumps of the teardrop-shaped airbag assembly are shut off, while the cone-shaped flexible airbag assembly continues to operate for 5 to 10 minutes. The residual pressure energy is recovered through the generator and stored in the battery.

[0043] In this embodiment, the nozzle opening level control logic is as follows: when ΔP When ≤3 kPa, n =2; When 3 kPa < ΔP When ≤6 kPa, n =2+min([ ΔP -3], 2); when ΔP >6 kPa, n =5; n This indicates the number of nozzles that are open.

[0044] In this embodiment, during the peak adjustment phase, the control center can also dynamically adjust the nozzle opening based on the pressure fluctuation suppression effect evaluation function. The evaluation function for pressure fluctuation suppression effect is: ; In the above formula, J This represents a comprehensive evaluation index; the smaller the value, the better the pressure suppression effect and the lower the energy consumption. , , In this embodiment, the weighting coefficients are dimensionless. ; The dimensionless parameter characterizing the system's energy consumption is taken as 0.5; t The time frame covers the entire process of the train passing through the tunnel.

[0045] The control center dynamically adjusts the nozzle opening based on the pressure fluctuation suppression effect evaluation function. That is, the nozzle opening is adjusted by the magnitude of the comprehensive evaluation index value. When the nozzle opening increases and the comprehensive evaluation index value no longer decreases, the nozzle opening corresponding to the comprehensive evaluation index value is the optimal nozzle opening scheme, which makes the tunnel pressure suppression effect better and the energy consumption lower.

[0046] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery system based on flexible airbags, characterized in that, It includes a cone-shaped flexible airbag assembly (1), a teardrop-shaped flexible airbag assembly (2), a generator (3), a battery (4), an air pump (5), a flow guide pipe (6), a laser sensor array (7), a control center, and a pressure sensor (8); The conical flexible airbag assembly (1) is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel to absorb the pressure wave generated when the train passes through. The teardrop-shaped flexible airbag group (2) and the cone-shaped flexible airbag group are arranged alternately along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel to achieve multi-stage dynamic decompression. The generator (3) is connected to the cone-shaped flexible airbag assembly (1) through a guide pipe (6); The air pump (5) is connected to the conical flexible airbag assembly (1) and the teardrop-shaped flexible airbag assembly (2) through the guide pipe (6); The storage battery (4) is connected to the generator (3) and the air pump (5) respectively; The laser sensor array (7) is arranged at the tunnel entrance and exit to collect train speed, position and carriage length information in real time; The pressure sensor (8) is distributed along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel and is used to monitor the dynamic changes of pressure waves in the tunnel in real time. The control center is connected to the teardrop-shaped flexible airbag assembly (2), generator (3), air pump (5), laser sensor array (7) and pressure sensor (8), respectively.

2. The tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery system based on flexible airbags according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conical flexible airbag group (1) includes multiple conical flexible airbags arranged circumferentially along the tunnel, with the central angle between two adjacent conical flexible airbags being 20°-40°. The teardrop-shaped flexible airbag group (2) includes multiple teardrop-shaped flexible airbags arranged along the tunnel circumference, and the central angle between two adjacent teardrop-shaped flexible airbags is 20°-40°. The distance between adjacent cone-shaped flexible airbag group (1) and teardrop-shaped flexible airbag group (2) is 30m-50m.

3. The tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery system based on flexible airbags according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the cone-shaped flexible airbag assembly (1) and the teardrop-shaped flexible airbag assembly (2) adopt a multi-layer composite structure, which includes an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer; the inner layer is a honeycomb support skeleton (11) to improve compressive stability; the middle layer is a polyurethane coated fabric layer (12) to form a pressure-resistant elastomer; and the outer layer is a fluororubber anti-corrosion protective layer (13).

4. The tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery system based on flexible airbags according to claim 2, characterized in that, The front end of the teardrop-shaped flexible airbag is provided with a multi-stage adjustable nozzle (21), which is used to realize multi-stage dynamic pressure release.

5. The tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery system based on flexible airbags according to claim 4, characterized in that, Each teardrop-shaped flexible airbag has 3 to 5 adjustable nozzles (21) at its front end, with a nozzle diameter of 50 mm to 200 mm.

6. The tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery system based on flexible airbags according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer surface of the flow guide pipe (6) is wrapped with a sound insulation and heat insulation layer (61), the thickness of which is 30~50 mm; the inner wall of the flow guide pipe (6) is covered with a honeycomb turbulent flow straightening mesh (62), the mesh density of which is 20~40 mesh.

7. The tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery system based on flexible airbags according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser sensor array (7) includes 3 to 6 laser ranging sensors, with adjacent laser ranging sensors arranged at an angle of 15° to 30°.

8. A method for tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery based on flexible airbags, characterized in that, The system described in any one of claims 1-7 for tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery includes the following steps: Prediction phase: The train position is collected in real time by a laser sensor array, and a start signal is generated when the train head is 200-500 m from the tunnel entrance; Start-up phase: When the train head enters the tunnel, the first and second stage nozzles of the teardrop-shaped flexible airbag assembly are activated, and the air pump and generator are started. Peak adjustment phase: The cone-shaped flexible airbag assembly absorbs energy through deformation and regulates tunnel pressure; When the train passes through the tunnel, the pressure difference is monitored in real time by pressure sensors. ΔP Dynamically adjust the nozzle opening of the teardrop-shaped airbag assembly to level 3-5; Energy recovery stage: When the train is traveling in the tunnel, the cone-shaped flexible airbag assembly deforms to generate pressure waves in the diversion pipe, which are then recycled and used to generate electricity. After the rear of the train leaves the tunnel, the nozzles and air pumps of the teardrop-shaped airbag assembly are shut off, while the cone-shaped flexible airbag assembly continues to operate for 5 to 10 minutes, recovering residual pressure energy through the generator.

9. The tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery method based on flexible airbags according to claim 8, characterized in that, The nozzle opening level control logic is as follows: when ΔP When ≤3 kPa, n =2; 3 kPa< ΔP ≤6 kPa, n =2+min([ ΔP -3], 2); when ΔP >6 kPa, n =5; n This indicates the number of nozzles that are open.

10. The tunnel pressure regulation and energy recovery method based on flexible airbags according to claim 8, characterized in that, During the peak adjustment phase, the control center dynamically adjusts the nozzle opening based on the pressure fluctuation suppression effect evaluation function. The evaluation function for pressure fluctuation suppression effect is: ； In the above formula, J Indicates comprehensive evaluation indicators; , , These are dimensionless weighting coefficients. Dimensionless parameters characterizing system energy consumption t For time.

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