Method for feeding hepialus armoricanus in low-cost and large-scale manner
By combining agricultural waste with tiered, three-dimensional rearing boxes, the problems of high rearing costs and unstable survival rates of bat moths have been solved, enabling low-cost, high-efficiency large-scale breeding of bat moth larvae, which is suitable for industrial promotion.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511926071.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-16
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for raising bat moths suffer from high raw material costs, complex feed formulations, low utilization of waste resources, and unstable larval survival rates, making it difficult to achieve low-cost, large-scale farming.
Using agricultural waste as the core raw material, combined with a layered three-dimensional breeding box for phased and controlled feeding, and using simplified feed formulas and auxiliary nutrients, the nutritional needs and growth environment of the bat moth larvae are ensured through the design of ventilation holes and humidity regulating materials.
It enables low-cost, large-scale breeding of ghost moth larvae, improves the utilization rate of waste resources, simplifies the operation process, ensures high survival rate and efficient breeding of larvae, and is suitable for industrial promotion.
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Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of insect feeding, in particular to a method for low-cost scale feeding of bats moth. BACKGROUND
[0002] Bats moth is the host insect of the precious Chinese medicinal material Cordyceps sinensis, and the larva of the bats moth parasitized by the Cordyceps fungus forms a worm-fungus complex with extremely high medicinal value. With the increasing demand for Cordyceps sinensis in the market, artificial cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis has become an important way to meet market supply, and scale feeding of bats moth is a key link in artificial cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis.
[0003] The existing bats moth feeding method has the following problems: first, the cost of raw materials is high, and special feed or a variety of high-quality raw materials are often used for compounding, increasing the feeding cost; second, the feed formula is complex, and the types of components are various, and the purchase and proportioning operation is complicated; third, the utilization rate of waste resources is low, and the nutritional potential of agricultural waste is not fully utilized; fourth, the survival rate of larvae is unstable in the process of scale feeding, and is easily affected by the adaptability of feed. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a scale feeding method with simple components, low cost, high utilization rate of waste resources and stable survival rate of larvae for promoting the development of artificial cultivation industry of Cordyceps sinensis. SUMMARY
[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method for low-cost scale feeding of bats moth, which uses agricultural waste as the core raw material to match key auxiliary nutritional components, and combines a layered three-dimensional feeding box for stage-by-stage regulation and feeding, so as to realize scale and efficient cultivation of bats moth from eggs to larvae while simplifying the formula and reducing the cost.
[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the application, the present application provides the following technical solutions: The present application provides a method for low-cost scale feeding of bats moth, comprising the following steps: (1) A layered three-dimensional feeding box is built, which comprises a bottom layer, a middle layer, an upper layer and a top cover, and the bottom layer is provided with air holes and laid with humidity adjusting material; (2) Bats moth eggs are inoculated in the middle layer of the feeding box laid with substrate, and are hatched and fed to 3rd instar larvae; (3) The 3rd instar larvae in step (2) are transferred to the upper layer of the feeding box for continuous feeding.
[0006] As a preferred, the bats moth eggs in step (2) are fed with artificial feed 3-5 days after hatching, and the amount of feeding is 1.5-5.0 g per head.
[0007] As a preferred, the artificial feed is composed of raw materials including the following weight fractions: 5-7 parts of malt, 4-6 parts of wheat bran, 4-6 parts of barley sprout and 2-5 parts of rice husk.
[0008] Preferably, the substrate in step (2) is humus and / or fermented sawdust, and the substrate is laid to a thickness of 4-5 cm.
[0009] Preferably, the upper layer of the rearing box in step (3) is laid with a substrate to a thickness of 1.5-2.5 cm, and the artificial feed and auxiliary nutritional components are added in a mass ratio of (2-3):1.
[0010] Preferably, the auxiliary nutritional components are sesamum indicum powder, carrot powder and yeast powder in a mass ratio of (5-8):(3-5):(1-2).
[0011] Preferably, the total amount of the artificial feed and auxiliary nutritional components added is 1.0-4.0 g per head.
[0012] Preferably, during the rearing process, the feces and residual feed are cleaned up every 5-7 days, and new feed is added.
[0013] Preferably, after the rearing in step (3) to the oviposition of the adult moth, the moth eggs are hatched and reared according to step (2), to realize a cycle.
[0014] Preferably, the air vent in step (1) has a pore size of 5-10 mm and a pore spacing of 3-5 cm; and the humidity adjusting material is a wet sterile cotton cloth.
[0015] Preferably, the rearing box in step (1) has a height of 8-12 cm per layer.
[0016] By adopting the technical scheme, the present application has the following beneficial effects: The present application uses agricultural waste and other low-cost and widely available raw materials as feed components, and adaptively supplements auxiliary nutritional components at corresponding stages, to better meet the nutritional needs of the moth larvae throughout the whole growth cycle. In the present application, the larvae are reared in combination with a layered three-dimensional rearing box, to fully utilize the space and improve the rearing density; the design of the air vent and the humidity adjusting material of the box does not require complex equipment, and the humidity is maintained by regularly replacing the sterile cotton cloth, which is simple to operate and low in energy consumption. That is, both sufficient feeding space for the larvae and large-scale rearing are realized.
[0017] This invention features a simplified feed composition, readily available and inexpensive raw materials, and a cultivation process that requires no complex equipment. It is easy to operate, has a high waste resource utilization rate, and is suitable for industrial-scale promotion, solving the technical pain points of high cost, complex formulas, and difficulty in large-scale production of existing bat moth farming methods. Furthermore, by utilizing agricultural waste, this invention achieves efficient resource utilization, reduces environmental pollution, and aligns with the concept of green farming. Through precise nutrient ratios and scientific feeding management, the survival rate of bat moth larvae is essentially the same as that of conventional feeding methods, with no reduction in feeding effectiveness. The simplified formula allows for feed preparation and feeding management without the need for specialized technical personnel, making it even more suitable for large-scale industrial promotion. Detailed Implementation
[0018] This invention provides a low-cost, large-scale method for raising ghost moths, comprising the following steps: (1) Construct a layered three-dimensional breeding box, including a bottom layer, a middle layer, an upper layer and a top cover. The bottom layer is provided with ventilation holes and is covered with humidity regulating material. (2) Inoculate the bat moth eggs into the middle layer of a rearing box lined with substrate, and hatch and raise them to the 3rd instar larvae; (3) Transfer the 3rd instar larvae described in step (2) to the upper layer of the rearing box for continued rearing.
[0019] In this invention, the layered three-dimensional breeding box includes a bottom layer, a middle layer, an upper layer, and a top cover. The bottom layer is provided with ventilation holes and lined with humidity regulating material. The diameter of the ventilation holes is preferably 5-10 mm, more preferably 6-9 mm, and even more preferably 8 mm; the hole spacing is preferably 3-5 cm, more preferably 3.5-4.5 cm, and even more preferably 4 cm.
[0020] In this invention, the height of each layer of the feeding box is preferably 8-12cm, more preferably 9-11cm, and even more preferably 10cm.
[0021] In this invention, the humidity regulating material is preferably a moistened sterile cotton cloth; the thickness of the sterile cotton cloth is preferably 1-2.5 cm, more preferably 1.2-2.2 cm, and even more preferably 1.5 cm. The moistened sterile cotton cloth is preferably replaced periodically to maintain ambient humidity and prevent the substrate from drying out and cracking due to excessively low ambient humidity.
[0022] In this invention, the eggs of the ghost moth are inoculated into the middle layer of a rearing box lined with a substrate. The substrate is preferably humus and / or fermented sawdust, more preferably humus and fermented sawdust. When the substrate is humus and fermented sawdust, the mass ratio of humus to fermented sawdust is preferably (1-2):0.5, more preferably (1.2-1.8):0.5, and even more preferably 1.5:0.5. The thickness of the substrate is preferably 4-5 cm, more preferably 4.2-4.8 cm, and even more preferably 4.5 cm.
[0023] In this invention, the preferred incubation temperature is 15-18℃, and the preferred relative humidity is 75-85%. Excessive temperature or temperature can cause abnormal embryonic development, leading to a decrease in hatching rate. Regarding humidity, excessively low humidity will cause the eggs to dry out and shrivel, while excessively high humidity can easily promote mold growth.
[0024] In this invention, artificial feed is administered 3-5 days after the hepialus eggs hatch. The artificial feed comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 5-7 parts malt, 4-6 parts wheat bran, 4-6 parts barley sprouts, and 2-5 parts rice husks; more preferably, it comprises 5.5-6.5 parts malt, 4.5-5.5 parts wheat bran, 4.5-5.5 parts barley sprouts, and 2.5-4.5 parts rice husks; even more preferably, it comprises 6 parts malt, 5 parts wheat bran, 5 parts barley sprouts, and 3 parts rice husks. The artificial feed can be derived from agricultural waste and is widely available, ensuring an adequate supply of basic nutrients such as cellulose and hemicellulose; the use of rice husks also increases the feed's aeration.
[0025] In this invention, the amount of artificial feed is preferably 1.5-5.0g / head, more preferably 2-4.5g / head, and even more preferably 3.5g / head.
[0026] In this invention, each component of the artificial feed is preferably pulverized, and the particle size of the pulverized particles is preferably 0.1-0.5 cm, more preferably 0.2-0.4 cm, and even more preferably 0.3 cm.
[0027] In this invention, during the rearing process from the hatching of the bat moth eggs 3-5 days later to the rearing of the 3rd instar larvae, the preferred temperature of the rearing environment is 16-18℃, and the preferred humidity of the rearing environment is 70-80%. When the temperature exceeds 18℃, the larvae's metabolism accelerates, they are prone to disease, and the mortality rate is high; when the temperature is too low, growth is slow or even stops; and when the humidity is too high, the larvae are susceptible to fungal infections and death.
[0028] In this invention, the third-instar larvae are transferred to the upper layer of the rearing box for continued rearing. Before the transfer, a substrate is laid on the upper layer of the rearing box, and artificial feed and supplementary nutrients are added. The substrate thickness is preferably 1.5-2.5 cm, more preferably 1.8-2.2 cm, and even more preferably 2 cm. The supplementary nutrients preferably include coriander root powder, carrot powder, and yeast powder. The preferred mass ratio of coriander root powder, carrot powder, and yeast powder is (5-8):(3-5):(1-2), more preferably (5.5-7.5):(3.2-4.5):(1.2-1.8), and even more preferably 6:4:1.5. The coriander root powder and carrot powder provide carbohydrates and vitamins, while the yeast powder is rich in protein and B vitamins. The combination of these three components effectively meets the protein and vitamin requirements of the ghost moth larvae, ensuring a balanced nutritional profile.
[0029] In this invention, the mass ratio of the artificial feed to the auxiliary nutrients is preferably (2-3):1, more preferably (2.2-2.8):1, and even more preferably 2.5:1.
[0030] In this invention, the total amount of artificial feed and supplementary nutrients is preferably 1.0-4.0g / head, more preferably 1.5-3.5g / head, and even more preferably 2.0-3.0g / head.
[0031] In this invention, the temperature of the rearing environment after the third instar larvae is preferably 16-18°C, and the humidity of the rearing environment is preferably 70-80%.
[0032] In this invention, during the feeding process, feces and residual feed are cleaned up every 5-7 days, and new feed is added, preferably to the corresponding feed amount for the corresponding stage.
[0033] In this invention, after the adult ghost moths mate and lay eggs, the ghost moth eggs are hatched and raised again according to the above-mentioned operation, thereby realizing cyclical breeding.
[0034] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0035] Example 1
[0036] A low-cost, large-scale method for raising bat moths, comprising the following steps: (1) Construct a layered three-dimensional breeding box, which includes a bottom layer, a middle layer, an upper layer and a top cover, with each layer being 10cm high; the bottom layer is provided with 8mm diameter ventilation holes with a hole spacing of 4cm; and a 1.5cm thick layer of moistened sterile cotton cloth is laid on the bottom layer. (2) Inoculate the bat moth eggs into the middle layer of a rearing box with a 4.5cm thick substrate for incubation. After hatching, feed artificial feed at a rate of 3.5g / head for 3 days and raise them to the 3rd instar larvae. The substrate is composed of humus and fermented sawdust in a mass ratio of 1.5:0.5. The artificial feed is composed of 6 parts malt, 5 parts wheat bran, 5 parts highland barley sprouts and 3 parts rice husks. The incubation environment temperature is 16℃ and the relative humidity is 80%. From 3-5 days after incubation to the rearing of 3rd instar larvae, the preferred rearing environment temperature is 17℃ and the humidity is 75%. During the rearing process, the feces and leftover feed should be cleaned every 5 days and fresh feed should be added. (3) The 3rd instar larvae were transferred to the upper layer of the rearing box with a 2cm thick substrate, and artificial feed and auxiliary nutrients were added at a mass ratio of 2.5:1, with a total amount of 3.0g / head, and the rearing continued; the auxiliary nutrients were coriander root powder, carrot powder and yeast powder at a mass ratio of 6:4:1.5. The temperature of the rearing environment was 17℃ and the humidity was 70%. During the rearing process, feces and leftover feed were cleaned every 5 days and fresh feed was added. (4) After the bat moths are raised to adulthood and mate and lay eggs, continue to hatch and raise the bat moth eggs according to steps (2)-(3) to achieve cyclical raising.
[0037] Example 2
[0038] A low-cost, large-scale method for raising bat moths, comprising the following steps: (1) Construct a layered three-dimensional breeding box, which includes a bottom layer, a middle layer, an upper layer and a top cover, with each layer being 8cm high; the bottom layer is provided with 5mm diameter ventilation holes with a spacing of 3cm; and a 1cm thick layer of moistened sterile cotton cloth is laid on the bottom layer. (2) Inoculate the bat moth eggs into the middle layer of a rearing box with a 4cm thick substrate for incubation. After hatching, feed artificial feed at a rate of 2g / head for 3 days and raise them to the 3rd instar larvae. The substrate is composed of humus and fermented sawdust in a mass ratio of 1:0.5. The artificial feed is composed of 5 parts malt, 6 parts wheat bran, 4 parts highland barley sprouts and 5 parts rice husks. The incubation environment temperature is 17℃ and the relative humidity is 75%. From 3-5 days after incubation to the rearing of 3rd instar larvae, the preferred rearing environment temperature is 16℃ and the humidity is 70%. During the rearing process, the feces and leftover feed should be cleaned every 5 days and fresh feed should be added. (3) Transfer the 3rd instar larvae to the upper layer of the rearing box with a substrate of 1.5cm thickness, and feed them artificial feed and supplementary nutrients at a mass ratio of 2:1, with a total feed amount of 1.0g / larvae, and continue to feed them; the supplementary nutrients are coriander root powder, carrot powder and yeast powder in a mass ratio of 5:3:2. The temperature of the rearing environment was 17℃ and the humidity was 70%. During the rearing process, feces and leftover feed were cleaned every 5 days and fresh feed was added. (4) After the bat moths are raised to adulthood and mate and lay eggs, continue to hatch and raise the bat moth eggs according to steps (2)-(3) to achieve cyclical raising.
[0039] Example 3
[0040] A low-cost, large-scale method for raising bat moths, comprising the following steps: (1) Construct a layered three-dimensional breeding box, which includes a bottom layer, a middle layer, an upper layer and a top cover, with each layer being 12cm high; the bottom layer is provided with 10mm diameter ventilation holes with a hole spacing of 5cm; and a 2.5cm thick layer of moistened sterile cotton cloth is laid on the bottom layer. (2) Inoculate the bat moth eggs into the middle layer of a rearing box with a 5cm thick substrate for incubation. After hatching, feed artificial feed at a rate of 5g / head for 5 days and raise them to the 3rd instar larvae. The substrate is composed of humus and fermented sawdust in a mass ratio of 2:0.5. The artificial feed is composed of 7 parts malt, 4 parts wheat bran, 6 parts highland barley sprouts and 2 parts rice husks. The incubation environment temperature is 17℃ and the relative humidity is 80%. From the time of incubation 3-5 days until the larvae reach the 3rd instar, the optimal temperature for the rearing environment is 17℃ and the humidity is 75%. During the rearing process, the feces and leftover feed should be cleaned every 7 days and fresh feed should be added. (3) Transfer the 3rd instar larvae to the upper layer of the rearing box with a substrate of 2.5cm thickness, and feed them artificial feed and supplementary nutrients at a mass ratio of 3:1, with a total feed amount of 4.0g / larvae, and continue to feed them; the supplementary nutrients are coriander root powder, carrot powder and yeast powder at a mass ratio of 8:5:1. The temperature of the rearing environment was 18℃ and the humidity was 70%. During the rearing process, feces and leftover feed were cleaned every 7 days and fresh feed was added. (4) After the bat moths are raised to adulthood and mate and lay eggs, continue to hatch and raise the bat moth eggs according to steps (2)-(3) to achieve cyclical raising.
[0041] Comparative Example 1
[0042] The eggs of the ghost moth were inoculated into a single-layer rearing device with a 4.5cm thick substrate for incubation. After hatching, artificial feed was given at a rate of 3.5g / larva for 3 days, and the larvae were reared until the third instar. The substrate consisted of humus and fermented sawdust in a mass ratio of 1.5:0.5. The artificial feed consisted of 6 parts malt, 5 parts wheat bran, 5 parts highland barley sprouts, and 3 parts rice husks. During the rearing process, feces and leftover feed were removed every 5 days, and fresh feed was added. The 3rd instar larvae were transferred to the rearing device and fed artificial feed and supplementary nutrients at a mass ratio of 2.5:1, with a total feed amount of 3.0g / larvae. The supplementary nutrients consisted of coriander root powder, carrot powder and yeast powder in a mass ratio of 6:4:1.5. During the rearing process, the feces and leftover feed were cleaned every 5 days and fresh feed was added.
[0043] Comparative Example 2
[0044] Similar to Example 1, only the following were removed: “The bottom layer is provided with 8mm diameter ventilation holes with a hole spacing of 4cm; and a 1.5cm thick layer of wet sterile cotton cloth is laid on the bottom layer”, “the relative humidity of the environment is 80%” and “the humidity of the breeding environment is 75%” in step (2), and “the humidity is 70%” in step (3).
[0045] Comparative Example 3
[0046] Similar to Example 1, except that "the artificial feed consists of 6 parts malt, 5 parts wheat bran, 5 parts highland barley sprouts and 3 parts rice husks" is replaced with "the artificial feed consists of 6 parts malt and 3 parts rice husks".
[0047] Comparative Example 4
[0048] Similar to Example 1, except that “(3) Transfer the 3rd instar larvae to the upper layer of the rearing box with a 2cm thick substrate, and add artificial feed and auxiliary nutrients at a mass ratio of 2.5:1, with a total amount of 3.0g / head, and continue to raise them; the auxiliary nutrients are coriander root powder, carrot powder and yeast powder in a mass ratio of 6:4:1.5; during the raising process, clean the feces and residual feed every 5 days and add new feed” is replaced with “(3) Transfer the 3rd instar larvae to the upper layer of the rearing box with a 2cm thick substrate, and add artificial feed at a dosage of 3.0g / head, and continue to raise them; during the raising process, clean the feces and residual feed every 5 days and add new feed”.
[0049] Comparative Example 5
[0050] Similar to Example 1, except that "the auxiliary nutrient is coriander root powder, carrot powder and yeast powder in a mass ratio of 6:4:1.5" is replaced with "the auxiliary nutrient is carrot powder".
[0051] Comparative Example 6
[0052] Similar to Example 1, only the ambient temperature and humidity during each incubation and rearing process were kept consistent, with the incubation ambient temperature being 16°C and the relative humidity being 80%.
[0053] Comparative Example 7
[0054] Similar to Example 1, except that "the substrate is composed of humus and fermented sawdust in a mass ratio of 1.5:0.5" is replaced with "the substrate is coconut coir".
[0055] Experimental Example 1 (one)
[0057] Based on the methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-7, the eggs of the ghost moth were hatched and reared, and the hatching rate of eggs, the survival rate of 4th instar larvae, the pupation rate and the emergence rate of each treatment group were statistically analyzed.
[0058] Table 1. Hatching of Hepialus eggs and survival of larvae in different treatment groups.
[0059] As can be seen from Table 1, the feeding method described in this invention can effectively ensure the hatching rate of Hepialus eggs and the survival rate of larvae, which are significantly better than those of the control group. (two)
[0061] Based on the methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-7, 10 pairs of adult bat moths from each treatment group were mated and laid eggs, and the number of eggs laid and the corresponding hatching rate were counted.
[0062] Table 2. Egg production and hatching rate of adult ghost moths in different treatment groups.
[0063] As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the comparative group, the egg production and hatching rate of each embodiment group were relatively better. (three)
[0065] Hepialus larvae were bred using the methods described in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-7, and the rearing cost for 100,000 Hepialus larvae per group was calculated. A control group was also established, which was reared using traditional methods.
[0066] Table 3. Feeding costs of bat moths in different treatment groups
[0067] As can be seen from Table 3, compared with the traditional breeding method, the breeding method described in this invention can significantly reduce the breeding cost. Compared with the comparative group, although the cost of the breeding method described in this invention is not significantly reduced, the breeding method of this invention ensures the hatching rate of the bat moth eggs and the survival rate of the larvae. Therefore, overall, the breeding method described in this invention has the advantages of low cost and high efficiency in the breeding of bat moths.
[0068] In summary, this invention utilizes agricultural waste as the core raw material, combined with key auxiliary nutrients, and employs a tiered, three-dimensional rearing system for phased, controlled rearing. This simplifies the formula and reduces costs while achieving large-scale, efficient cultivation of the ghost moth from egg to larva. The raw materials used in this invention are readily available and inexpensive, the cultivation process requires no complex equipment, operation is simple, and waste resource utilization is high, making it suitable for industrial-scale promotion.
[0069] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method of rearing bats at low cost scale, characterized by, It comprises the following steps: (1) build a hierarchical three-dimensional feeding box, including bottom layer, middle layer, upper layer and top cover, the bottom layer is provided with air holes and laid with humidity adjusting material; (2) the bat moth eggs are inoculated in the middle layer of the feeding box laid with substrate, and are hatched and fed to 3rd instar larvae; (3) the 3rd instar larvae in step (2) are transferred to the upper layer of the feeding box for continuous feeding.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The artificial feed is put in 3-5 days after the bat moth eggs in step (2) are hatched, and the amount of the put-in is 1.5-5.0 g / head.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The artificial feed is composed of raw materials including 5-7 parts of malt, 4-6 parts of wheat bran, 4-6 parts of barley sprout and 2-5 parts of rice husk.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The substrate in step (2) is humus soil and / or fermented sawdust, and the laying thickness of the substrate is 4-5 cm.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The upper layer of the feeding box in step (3) is laid with 1.5-2.5 cm thick substrate, and artificial feed and auxiliary nutritional ingredients are put in according to the mass ratio (2-3):1; The auxiliary nutritional ingredients are sesamum indicum powder, carrot powder and yeast powder with the mass ratio (5-8):(3-5):(1-2).
6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The total put-in amount of the artificial feed and auxiliary nutritional ingredients is 1.0-4.0 g / head.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein, During the feeding process, the feces are cleaned up and new feed is supplemented every 5-7 days.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein, After the bat moth adults lay eggs in step (3), the bat moth eggs are hatched and fed according to step (2), realizing the cycle.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein, The air hole diameter in step (1) is 5-10 mm, and the hole spacing is 3-5 cm; The humidity adjusting material is wetted sterile cotton cloth.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein, The height of each layer of the feeding box in step (1) is 8-12 cm.