A nozzle and reaction device for gas-liquid transport

Abstract

This invention discloses a nozzle and reaction device for gas-liquid transport, belonging to the field of chemical equipment technology. The nozzle includes a nozzle body, a movable sealing head, and a rotatable rotor. The sealing head automatically opens and closes the nozzle based on the pressure difference between the nozzle inlet and the reaction vessel, effectively preventing backflow of the medium. The outer surface of the rotor has spiral grooves; when reactants pass through, the rotor rotates, allowing the edges of the spiral grooves to continuously scrape the inner wall of the nozzle, achieving self-cleaning. The rotor has an axial clearance; when integrated with the sealing head, this clearance directly serves as the travel distance for opening and closing the sealing head. This invention has a simple structure, requires no external power, operates using the system's own pressure difference, has high reliability, effectively solves the nozzle clogging problem, and is suitable for various reaction systems such as gas-liquid and liquid-liquid reactions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nozzle technology, and in particular to a nozzle and reaction device for gas-liquid transport. Background Technology

[0002] In the raw material manufacturing processes of chemical, pharmaceutical, and environmental protection fields, it is often necessary to introduce a gaseous or liquid reactant into a reaction vessel to react chemically with another liquid or gaseous reactant inside the vessel, producing a solid product. These reactants are typically injected into the reaction vessel through a piping system and nozzles installed at the ends of the pipes (see Chinese Patent Publication No. CN113424822A for an azoxystrobin emulsion and its preparation method).

[0003] However, in such gas-liquid or liquid-liquid reactions, the generated solid products are highly susceptible to backflow due to flow field disturbances and pressure fluctuations within the reactor. These solid products adhere to the inner surface of the nozzles and may even accumulate further within the delivery pipes, causing blockages in both the nozzles and pipes. This blockage significantly hinders the stable supply of reactants, affects reaction efficiency, and can even lead to production interruptions. Especially when the reaction system is in standby mode, reactants remaining in the nozzles and pipes continue to react and generate solids, which also continue to adhere. Without the flushing action of a flowing medium, these solid products firmly accumulate on the inner walls. When the system restarts, the narrow flow channels further exacerbate the problem by making it difficult to flush away the deposits, leading to a vicious cycle of blockage and ultimately causing the nozzles to fail completely.

[0004] In existing technologies, the problem of nozzle clogging is usually solved by periodically shutting down the machine for mechanical or chemical cleaning. However, this reduces equipment utilization and increases maintenance costs. Some solutions have also attempted to install fixed guide vanes in the nozzle or use wear-resistant materials, but these cannot effectively solve the problems of solid adhesion and backflow, especially when dealing with highly viscous reaction products.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need for a nozzle device that can automatically prevent the backflow of reactants or reaction products, has self-cleaning capabilities, a reliable structure, and requires no external power. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a nozzle for gas-liquid transportation to solve the problems of backflow of reactants or reaction products and their residues in the nozzle and pipeline.

[0007] A nozzle for gas-liquid transport includes a hollow nozzle body having an inlet end and an outlet end. The outlet end is provided with a movable sealing head, which is responsive to the pressure difference between the inlet end and the inside of the reaction vessel, thereby moving between a closed position (closing the outlet end) and an open position (opening the outlet end).

[0008] The nozzle body has a rotatable rotor inside. One or more spiral grooves are formed on the outer circumferential surface of the rotor. The spiral grooves are used to guide the reactants and drive the rotor to rotate using fluid pressure. At the same time, their edges are used to scrape off solids attached to the inner wall of the nozzle body. The rotor has a movable clearance in the axial direction.

[0009] A reaction apparatus includes a reaction vessel and a piping system for conveying reactants into the reaction vessel, wherein the end of the piping system is fitted with the aforementioned gas-liquid conveying nozzle.

[0010] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0011] This invention effectively prevents the adhesion and blockage of solid products caused by backflow of the medium inside the reaction vessel by setting a sealing head that is opened and closed by pressure difference. At the same time, the driving force generated by the fluid flowing through the spiral grooves on the rotor surface makes the rotor rotate continuously. The groove edges can continuously scrape the inner wall of the nozzle like a scraper, automatically removing the attached solids and achieving a highly efficient self-cleaning function. This structure does not require external power, has high reliability, significantly improves the stability of reactant supply and equipment utilization, and reduces maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0012] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle structure in this embodiment;

[0014] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the nozzle open and closed states in area A.

[0015] Figure 3 for Figure 1 AA section view in the middle;

[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of multiple rotors connected in series in this embodiment;

[0017] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of other structures of the sealing head in this embodiment;

[0018] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in this embodiment where the sealing ring is disposed on the sealing seat;

[0019] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle being installed on the first and second flow dividers in this embodiment;

[0020] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle being mounted on the surface distributor in this embodiment;

[0021] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1-nozzle body, 2-inlet end, 3-outlet end, 30-fluid channel, 4-sealing head, 41-end cap structure, 42-groove structure, 5-rotor, 6-spiral groove, 7-sealing seat, 8-sealing ring, 9-shaft, 10-bearing, 11-diverter. Detailed Implementation

[0022] This invention provides a nozzle and reaction device for gas-liquid transport. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and effects of this invention clearer and more explicit, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0024] Please see Figures 1 to 8 :

[0025] This embodiment discloses a nozzle for gas-liquid transport, comprising a hollow nozzle body 1, which has an inlet end 2 for connecting to a transport pipeline and an outlet end 3 extending into a reaction vessel. A movable sealing head 4 is provided at the outlet end 3, forming a sealing pair with the outlet end 3 of the nozzle body 1. The sealing head 4 is movable between a first position (closed position) and a second position (open position); when the pressure P0 at the nozzle inlet end 2 is lower than or equal to the pressure P1 inside the reaction vessel, the sealing head 4 is in the first position, closing the nozzle outlet and preventing backflow of the medium inside the vessel; when reactants are introduced into the nozzle, causing the pressure P0 at the inlet end 2 to rise and exceed the pressure P1 inside the vessel, the sealing head 4 moves to the second position under the action of the pressure difference, opening the nozzle outlet and allowing the reactants to be ejected.

[0026] Furthermore, such as Figure 1As shown, a rotatable rotor 5 is provided inside the nozzle body 1. A small gap is maintained between the outer circumferential surface of the rotor 5 and the inner wall of the nozzle body 1 to allow the rotor 5 to rotate. One or more spiral grooves 6 are formed on the outer circumferential surface of the rotor 5. When the high-pressure reactive material flows through these spiral grooves 6, the fluid will exert a force on the groove wall. This force can be decomposed into a circumferential component that drives the rotor 5 to rotate around its axis, thereby driving the rotor 5 to rotate continuously. The rotational motion of the rotor 5 allows the edges of the spiral grooves 6 on its outer circumferential surface to continuously scrape the inner wall of the nozzle, thereby effectively scraping away, breaking up, and carrying away the solid products adhering between its outer circumference and the inner wall of the nozzle, achieving a highly efficient self-cleaning function.

[0027] As a preferred implementation scheme, such as Figure 2 As shown, the sealing head 4 and the rotor 5 can be designed as an integral structure, that is, the sealing head 4 is integrally connected to one end of the rotor 5. When the sealing head 4 is opened, the reactants impact the sealing head 4 and the rotor 5, driving the entire component to simultaneously achieve axial movement and rotation.

[0028] As another preferred embodiment, the sealing head 4 and the rotor 5 can be a separate structure, with the sealing head 4 responsible for opening and closing, while the rotor 5 rotates independently. The two can be coaxially arranged, with the rotor 5 located upstream of the sealing head 4.

[0029] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, the sealing head 4 is constructed as a hollow structure to reduce its weight. Specifically, when applied to a liquid / liquid reaction system, the overall specific gravity of the sealing head 4 can be made less than that of the liquid reactants inside the vessel. Thus, in standby mode, the sealing head 4 can press more tightly against the sealing seat 7 at the outlet end 3 with the aid of liquid buoyancy, enhancing the sealing effect and preventing liquid backflow. Furthermore, an end cap structure 41 can be provided at the outer end of the sealing head 4 located at the nozzle outlet end 3, and multiple groove structures 42 are provided on the inner edge of the end cap structure 41. When the sealing head 4 is integrally connected to the rotor 5, the sealing head 4 can rotate with the rotor. At this time, the groove structures 42 can be used to clean the deposits on the sealing seat 7.

[0030] To improve sealing reliability, such as Figure 6 As shown, an annular sealing ring 8 can be provided on the contact surface between the sealing head 4 and the nozzle outlet end 3, or on the sealing seat 7 of the nozzle outlet end 3.

[0031] like Figure 4As shown, in practical applications, depending on the characteristics of the reaction system (such as fluid viscosity, solid content, reaction vessel size, and required cleaning intensity), multiple rotors 5 may be required to enhance self-cleaning capability and anti-clogging effect. Specifically, multiple rotors 5 can be connected in series on the same shaft 9, or set on their respective shafts 9 to form a multi-stage sealing and multi-stage cleaning unit.

[0032] Multiple rotors 5 are connected in series, allowing the reactant stream to pass sequentially through the helical grooves 6 of each rotor stage as it flows through the nozzle. Each rotor 5 rotates under fluid drive, and the edges of its helical grooves 6 continuously scrape the inner wall of its corresponding nozzle segment. This design divides the entire nozzle flow channel into multiple cleaning segments axially, achieving longer, segmented, and comprehensive cleaning coverage. Compared to a single-rotor structure, multi-rotor series connection significantly increases the effective scraping and cleaning channel length and area, thereby significantly improving the overall removal capability and cleaning uniformity for stubborn or sticky deposits, making it particularly suitable for reaction systems that easily generate large amounts of solid products.

[0033] Furthermore, when multiple sealing heads 4 are connected in series with the rotor 5, they form multiple sealing defenses in the axial direction. During standby or pressure fluctuations, each sealing head 4 can respond to the local pressure difference upstream and downstream, working together to block the backflow path of the medium within the reaction vessel. Even if a slight leak occurs in one sealing stage due to wear or foreign matter, subsequent sealing stages can still effectively prevent further backflow of the medium upstream of the nozzle, significantly improving the overall sealing reliability and backflow prevention capability of the nozzle.

[0034] While connecting multiple rotors in series with the sealing head introduces additional flow resistance and local pressure drop, this impact on overall conveying efficiency can be minimized through optimized design (e.g., selecting the appropriate number of series stages, controlling the axial spacing between rotors, and optimizing the guiding angle and depth of the helical grooves 6). Practice has shown that in applications requiring high-reliability sealing and strong self-cleaning, the improved anti-clogging performance and enhanced equipment stability resulting from the multi-stage structure far outweigh the minor pressure loss that might result from slight structural complexity. Therefore, this multi-stage series design possesses outstanding technical rationality and practical value in situations with stringent requirements for preventing clogging and backflow.

[0035] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the rotor 5 is installed inside the nozzle body 1 via a bearing 10 or a shaft hole fitting structure (when a bearing 10 is used, a thrust bearing is preferred). A fluid channel 30 is provided between the bearing 10 or shaft hole and the inner wall of the nozzle body 1 to ensure the smooth passage of reactants. Preferably, a certain axial gap is provided between the upper end face and / or lower end face of the rotor 5 and the corresponding positioning surface inside the nozzle. This gap provides the rotor 5 with a stroke for axial movement. When the sealing head 4 and the rotor 5 are an integral structure, this stroke directly allows the entire integral component to move axially under the action of pressure difference, thereby realizing the reliable opening and closing of the sealing head 4. At the same time, this axial movement also helps to further break down localized stubborn deposits through mechanical impact on the basis of rotational scraping, significantly improving cleaning efficiency.

[0036] The working principle of the nozzle in this invention is as follows:

[0037] In standby mode, the reactant supply stops, the pressure P0 at the nozzle inlet 2 is approximately equal to atmospheric pressure, and the pressure inside the reactor is P1 (usually higher than P0). Under the action of the pressure difference (P1>P0), the sealing head 4 and the rotor 5 move upward within the range of axial clearance, so that the sealing head 4 fits tightly against the sealing seat 7 and is in a closed position, effectively preventing the medium inside the reactor from flowing back into the nozzle.

[0038] In operation, reactants are introduced, and the pressure at inlet 2, P0, rises to P2 (P2>P1). Under the pressure difference (P2>P1), the sealing head 4 and rotor 5 move downwards within the axial clearance range, causing the sealing head 4 to disengage from the sealing seat 7 and opening the nozzle. The reactants are ejected at high speed through the spiral grooves 6. The fluid exerts a force on the sidewalls of the spiral grooves 6, driving the rotor 5, along with the sealing head 4, to rotate at high speed around the shaft 9. The rotating rotor 5 causes the edges of the spiral grooves 6 on its outer surface to act like spiral scrapers, continuously scraping the inner wall of the nozzle and removing solid deposits from the gaps. In addition, fluctuations in fluid pressure or the imbalance of the rotor 5 itself may cause the rotor 5 to generate slight axial movement while rotating, using its axial stroke to impact the deposits and further enhance the cleaning effect. The design of the spiral grooves 6 not only facilitates fluid flow and rotor 5 drive, but its continuous spiral structure also helps to carry the scraped solids out of the nozzle with the fluid, avoiding accumulation in the grooves and thus reducing the risk of clogging.

[0039] Furthermore, in actual use, when the input of reactants stops, the sealing head 4 will close immediately. However, at this instant, a trace amount of reactants may still flow back into the nozzle and adhere to the inner wall of the nozzle or the spiral groove 6. When reactants are input again, the rotor 5 resumes rotation under fluid drive. At this time, the reactants adhering to the inner wall of the nozzle will be directly scraped off by the edges of the spiral groove 6; the reactants adhering to the spiral groove 6 will be thrown out to the inner wall of the nozzle by the centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the rotor 5 and then scraped off; at the same time, the newly input reactant stream will also carry away the reactants remaining in the spiral groove 6. Compared with the traditional nozzle structure that is completely immersed in the reaction medium, this design, through a combination of rotational scraping and centrifugal removal, can significantly reduce the possibility of solid accumulation and clogging, and improve the service life and reliability of the nozzle.

[0040] The present invention also provides a reaction apparatus, such as... Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the system includes a reaction vessel, a piping system for supplying reactants into the reaction vessel, and nozzles, as described in any of the above embodiments, installed at the end of the piping system. The piping system may include a distributor 11, such as a two-way distributor or a surface distributor, with the nozzles connected to the respective outlets of the distributor 11 to achieve uniform distribution of reactants across the cross-section of the reaction vessel. In the reaction vessel, the piping system and nozzles are completely submerged in the reactants. When the reactants react, the gaseous products generated accumulate in the upper layer of the reaction vessel, the liquid and solid products (suspension) are in the middle layer, and the solid products settle in the lower layer.

[0041] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included within the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nozzle for gas-liquid transport, comprising a hollow nozzle body having an inlet end and an outlet end, characterized in that: The outlet end is provided with a movable sealing head, which can move between a closed position (closing the outlet end) and an open position (opening the outlet end) in response to the pressure difference between the inlet end and the inside of the reaction vessel. The nozzle body has a rotatable rotor inside. One or more spiral grooves are formed on the outer circumferential surface of the rotor. The spiral grooves are used to guide the reactants and drive the rotor to rotate using fluid pressure. At the same time, their edges are used to scrape off solids attached to the inner wall of the nozzle body. The rotor has a movable clearance in the axial direction. The sealing head and the rotor are an integral structure, and the movable clearance provides the integral structure with an axial movement stroke from the closed position to the open position.

2. The nozzle for gas-liquid transport according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing head and the rotor are separate structures, and the rotor is located upstream of the sealing head.

3. The nozzle for gas-liquid transport according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The sealing head has a hollow structure.

4. The nozzle for gas-liquid transport according to claim 3, characterized in that: The overall specific gravity of the sealing head is less than the specific gravity of the liquid reactants in its environment.

5. The nozzle for gas-liquid transport according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The outer end of the sealing head is provided with an end cap structure, and the inner edge of the end cap structure is provided with a groove structure.

6. The nozzle for gas-liquid transport according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A sealing ring is provided on the sealing head and / or the sealing seat at the outlet end.

7. The nozzle for gas-liquid transport according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The number of rotors is multiple, and the multiple rotors are connected in series on a common rotating shaft or are respectively installed on their own rotating shafts.

8. A reaction apparatus, comprising a reaction vessel and a piping system for conveying reactants into the reaction vessel, characterized in that: The pipeline system is equipped with a nozzle for gas-liquid transport as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 at its end.

9. The reaction apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that: The piping system includes a distributor, and the nozzle is connected to the outlet end of the distributor.

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