An emergency power supply monitoring management system with adaptive uninterrupted switching

Abstract

This application relates to the field of emergency power management technology, and discloses an adaptive, uninterrupted switching emergency power monitoring and management system, including a main power system and an emergency power management system. The main power system is used to ensure the normal power supply of the DC power system, and is equipped with the functions of acquiring output current, voltage ripple, and module temperature. The monitoring and management system designs dedicated management logic based on the charging and discharging patterns, storage requirements, and activation process of lithium batteries. It can dynamically adjust the standby state of lithium batteries according to changes in the main power load, and optimize maintenance strategies by combining health correction rules. This avoids performance loss of lithium batteries due to long-term full-charge storage or improper charging and discharging. Simultaneously, a standardized new battery activation process ensures the initial performance stability of lithium batteries, fully adapting to the characteristics of lithium batteries, effectively leveraging their energy density and charging / discharging efficiency advantages, and improving the performance stability and service life of the DC power system's backup power supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of emergency power management technology, specifically to an adaptive, uninterrupted switching emergency power monitoring and management system. Background Technology

[0002] In the power system operation system, the DC power system is the core link ensuring the power supply of critical equipment such as relay protection devices, automatic control equipment, and communication modules. Its power supply stability directly determines the safe operation level of the power system. To cope with power outages caused by sudden failures of the main power source, DC power systems are generally equipped with backup power sources as emergency protection. Currently, the mainstream backup power sources in the industry are mainly divided into two major technical types: lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries.

[0003] In current DC power system backup power applications, lead-acid batteries have long held a dominant position due to their high technological maturity, controllable cost, and strong compatibility. Their charge / discharge management and maintenance cycle settings have become standardized procedures, meeting the basic backup power needs in most scenarios. In recent years, as the advantages of lithium batteries—high energy density, superior charge / discharge efficiency, and small size—have become increasingly apparent, some DC power systems have begun to explore their use as backup power. However, in practice, the management logic of lead-acid batteries is often directly applied without adaptation and optimization for the unique characteristics of lithium batteries.

[0004] However, the existing backup power management model for DC power systems has significant shortcomings: Firstly, the management of lithium batteries lacks specificity and fails to consider the characteristics of lithium batteries, such as the need to be stored within a specific capacity range and the need for regular maintenance. The common practice of storing them fully charged for a long time can easily lead to accelerated decomposition of the lithium battery electrolyte and increased lattice stress of the positive electrode material, resulting in irreversible capacity loss and failing to fully realize the performance advantages of lithium batteries. Secondly, main power supply fault monitoring is mostly a passive response after a fault occurs, lacking the ability to identify early signs of a fault. Emergency power supplies often respond late because they are not activated in advance, which may cause a brief power outage. Third, the dual power supply switching lacks intelligent control and has not established a sound mode switching mechanism and fault tolerance logic, making it difficult to ensure both safety and flexibility of use. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an adaptive, uninterrupted switching emergency power monitoring and management system, which solves the problems of poor adaptability of backup power management in DC power systems, delayed fault response, and lack of intelligent fault tolerance during switching.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: an adaptive, uninterrupted switching emergency power monitoring and management system, comprising a main power system and an emergency power management system; The main power supply system is used to ensure the normal power supply of the DC power system, and the main power supply system is equipped with the functions of acquiring output current, voltage ripple and module temperature. The emergency power management system includes an emergency power supply, a monitoring and management system, and a control system; wherein, the emergency power supply is used to provide backup power when the main power system fails, and the emergency power supply contains at least a lithium battery; The monitoring and management system is used to manage the characteristics and pre-adjust the status of lithium batteries in emergency power supplies. Specifically, it includes performing new battery activation operations, controlling the discharge cycle of lithium batteries, and monitoring the battery parameters of lithium batteries. The battery parameters include at least battery capacity, fast charging rate, depth of discharge, and number of cells in series. The monitoring and management system can also calculate the maximum charging current based on the set battery capacity value and fast charging rate. The calculation method is that the maximum charging current is equal to the battery capacity value multiplied by the fast charging rate. The control system is used to synchronously receive lithium battery parameter information and main power system power supply status information transmitted by the monitoring and management system. It is also equipped with a main power failure precursor identification function. When a failure precursor or failure is detected in the main power system, it will link the monitoring and management system to adjust the backup status of the lithium battery or directly control the emergency power supply to connect to the DC power system to achieve uninterrupted power supply switching.

[0007] Preferably, the emergency power supply also includes lead-acid batteries; the system defaults to lead-acid battery mode with lead-acid batteries as backup power, and can only switch to lithium battery mode with lithium batteries as the core management object after the relevant configuration of lithium batteries is completed and the password verification is passed. The specific method for password verification is as follows: after selecting the lithium battery option in the battery type in the system options, you need to enter the fixed advanced password 2005. The fixed advanced password is different from the regular system password and cannot be modified. After the password verification is successful, the system will restart and refresh. The system will only allow entry into lithium battery mode when all lithium battery parameters have been set.

[0008] Preferably, the battery parameter setting rules of the monitoring and management system are as follows: The setting for the number of battery cells in series matches the voltage level of the DC power system. The default setting is empty; if not set, there is no control. Specifically, when the system voltage level is 24V, the setting range for the number of battery cells in series is 1-8, corresponding to a system reference voltage of 26V with a base voltage of 3.3V, and the default number of battery cells in series is 6. When the system voltage level is 48V, the setting range for the number of battery cells in series is 9-15, corresponding to a system reference voltage of 55V with a base voltage of 3.3V, and the default number of battery cells in series is 13. When the system voltage level is 110V, the setting range for the number of battery cells in series is 16-35, corresponding to a system reference voltage of 113V with a base voltage of 3.3V, and the default number of battery cells in series is 27. When the system voltage level is 220V, the setting range for the number of battery cells in series is 36-60, corresponding to a system reference voltage of 222V with a base voltage of 3.3V, and the default number of battery cells in series is 53. The battery capacity setting range is 0.1-200.0Ah, with one decimal place, and the default value is 24.0Ah; the fast charging rate setting range is 0.1-5.0C, with one decimal place, and the default value is 0.1C; the fast charging option is a binary selection of yes / no, and the default value is no; the discharge cycle setting range is 1-9000 hours, with an integer setting, and the default value is 2160 hours; the discharge depth setting range is 50%-90%, with an integer setting, and the default value is 80%.

[0009] Preferably, the main power supply failure precursor identification function of the control system specifically includes: The control system receives real-time data on output current, voltage ripple, and module temperature from the main power supply system. It sets three thresholds for detecting potential faults: a voltage fluctuation threshold of ±3% for the main power supply output voltage fluctuation within 5 consecutive seconds; a current surge threshold of more than 50% for the instantaneous increase in the main power supply output current; and a temperature threshold of 80% for the main power supply module temperature exceeding its rated operating temperature. When any parameter triggers the corresponding judgment threshold and the duration is greater than or equal to 3 seconds, the control system determines that there is a fault precursor in the main power system and immediately sends a lithium battery preheating activation command to the monitoring and management system.

[0010] Preferably, the lithium battery standby state adjustment logic of the monitoring and management system is specifically implemented by the newly added main power load fluctuation monitoring unit and the lithium battery pre-adjustment unit working together: The main power supply load fluctuation monitoring unit collects the main power supply output current data in real time and classifies the load type according to the ratio of the output current to the main power supply rated current. The light load type is the main power supply output current less than 30% of the main power supply rated current; the heavy load type is the main power supply output current greater than 70% of the main power supply rated current. The lithium battery pre-adjustment unit dynamically adjusts the standby state of the lithium battery according to the load type. When the main power supply is continuously under light load for more than or equal to 1 hour, the lithium battery pre-adjustment unit controls the lithium battery to enter a low-activity standby state, maintaining the lithium battery charge at 30%-40% and automatically extending the discharge cycle to 3600 hours. When the main power supply is under heavy load or the load fluctuates more than or equal to 5 times within 1 hour, the lithium battery pre-adjustment unit controls the lithium battery to enter a high-activity standby state, increasing the lithium battery charge to 45%-50%, initiating pre-charge maintenance, replenishing the lithium battery with 1% charge every 72 hours, and temporarily increasing the fast charging rate to 0.3C.

[0011] Preferably, the lithium battery health correction rule of the monitoring and management system is specifically implemented by the newly added lithium battery health SOH calculation unit and discharge cycle correction unit working together: The lithium battery health status SOH calculation unit updates the SOH value of the lithium battery in real time. The discharge cycle correction unit dynamically adjusts the discharge cycle and corresponding maintenance measures according to the SOH value. When the SOH is greater than or equal to 90%, the default discharge cycle of 2160 hours is maintained without additional maintenance measures. When the SOH is greater than or equal to 80% but less than 90%, the discharge cycle is shortened to 1440 hours, and the depth of discharge of the lithium battery is reduced to 70%. When the SOH is less than 80%, the discharge cycle is shortened to 720 hours, and one equalization charging operation is added every three lithium battery charging processes to restore cell consistency. The discharge cycle correction unit also synchronizes the corrected discharge cycle and the lithium battery SOH value to the control system to ensure that the lithium battery is in a usable state during emergency switching.

[0012] Preferably, the specific operation of the monitoring and management system in response to the lithium battery preheating activation command is executed by the newly added lithium battery preheating activation unit: If the lithium battery is in a dormant standby state, that is, it is not activated during the discharge cycle, the lithium battery preheating activation unit wakes up the cell through a small current pulse charging method. The charging current is set to 0.05C, and the transient discharge response speed of the lithium battery is increased to twice that of the normal state within 10 seconds. If the lithium battery is already in a standby state, that is, the parameters have been set and it is in a state of waiting to switch, the lithium battery preheating activation unit temporarily relaxes the discharge protection threshold of the lithium battery by 5% to avoid triggering overcurrent protection due to load impact at the moment of switching. When the main power system fails, the control system controls the lithium battery to connect to the power supply. The switching time is less than or equal to 20ms, and the fluctuation of the lithium battery output voltage after switching is less than or equal to ±2%.

[0013] Preferably, the new battery activation operation performed by the monitoring and management system specifically includes: When the start option is manually selected in the new battery activation, the monitoring and management system automatically enters the activation process and controls the lithium battery to perform three consecutive discharge cycles. The steps of each discharge cycle are lithium battery discharge, lithium battery charging, and 12-hour hold. During the discharge process, the monitoring and management system determines the depth of discharge by sampling the output voltage value of the lithium battery in real time. When the sampled voltage reaches the critical voltage value corresponding to the set percentage of discharge depth, it determines that the current discharge depth meets the standard, immediately stops the discharge, and enters the charging stage.

[0014] Preferably, the monitoring and management system is also equipped with a lithium battery health status (SOH) calculation function. The calculation method is as follows: SOH equals the current actual capacity of the lithium battery divided by the initial rated capacity of the lithium battery, multiplied by 100%, minus the number of cycles of the lithium battery multiplied by 0.05%, where 0.05% is the conventional cycle attenuation coefficient of the backup lithium battery of the DC power system. The monitoring and management system transmits the calculated SOH value to the control system in real time for the determination of the lithium battery status before emergency switching.

[0015] Preferably, the monitoring and management system is also equipped with a lithium battery abnormality early warning function. When the lithium battery charge is detected to be below 30% or the SOH value is below 60%, the monitoring and management system sends an abnormal signal to the control system. The control system automatically switches to lead-acid battery mode for power supply and triggers an audible and visual early warning to prompt manual maintenance. After the lithium battery charge is replenished to above 30% and the SOH value is restored to above 60%, the control system can manually switch back to lithium battery mode.

[0016] This invention provides an adaptive, uninterrupted switching emergency power supply monitoring and management system. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention employs a monitoring and management system with dedicated management logic designed for lithium battery charging and discharging patterns, storage requirements, and activation processes. It can dynamically adjust the standby status of lithium batteries based on changes in the main power load, and optimize maintenance strategies by combining health correction rules. This avoids performance loss of lithium batteries due to long-term full-charge storage or improper charging and discharging. At the same time, it ensures the initial performance stability of lithium batteries through a standardized new battery activation process, fully adapts to the characteristics of lithium batteries, effectively leverages their energy density and charging and discharging efficiency advantages, and improves the performance stability and service life of backup power supplies for DC power systems.

[0017] 2. This invention, through the main power supply failure precursor identification function of the control system, can analyze the main power supply current, voltage, and temperature parameters in real time to detect abnormalities in advance, and link the monitoring and management system to execute the lithium battery preheating activation operation to ensure that the lithium battery is in a ready state when the main power supply suddenly fails, avoiding power interruption due to response lag. At the same time, through precise switching control logic, the continuity of the power switching process is ensured, meeting the stringent requirements of key equipment in the DC power system for uninterrupted power supply.

[0018] 3. This invention adopts a dual backup power architecture of lead-acid battery and lithium battery. The system defaults to lead-acid battery mode and controls the switching of lithium battery mode through password verification and parameter configuration. It is compatible with traditional backup power usage habits, and can automatically switch to lead-acid battery power supply when the lithium battery power or health is abnormal through the lithium battery abnormality warning function. This reduces the need for manual intervention, improves the fault tolerance and scenario adaptability of the emergency power system, and ensures the reliability of backup power supply under different operating conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a system architecture diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Please see the appendix Figure 1 This invention provides an adaptive, uninterrupted switching emergency power supply monitoring and management system, specifically including: I. System Overall Architecture and Core Components 1.1 Main Power Supply System The main power supply system undertakes the normal power supply task of the DC power system, and at the same time has the function of acquiring key status parameters: it can collect output current, voltage ripple and its own module temperature in real time, encapsulate the collected parameters into standardized data units, and transmit them to the control system of the emergency power management system at fixed intervals (every 100ms), providing a data basis for the identification of fault precursors.

[0022] 1.2 Emergency Power Management System The emergency power management system is the core of achieving lithium battery characteristic management and uninterrupted switching. It consists of three sub-modules: emergency power supply, monitoring and management system, and control system. Their specific functions and components are as follows: Emergency power supply: Includes two types of backup power supplies: lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries. Lead-acid batteries serve as the default backup power supply and are put into use during system initialization or when lithium batteries malfunction. Lithium batteries are the core management object and need to be activated after parameter configuration and password verification. They are used to provide stable backup power supply when the main power supply fails.

[0023] The monitoring and management system's core function is to manage lithium batteries throughout their entire lifecycle, including characteristic management, state monitoring, and pre-adjustment. Specifically, it covers: performing new battery activation operations, controlling lithium battery discharge cycles, real-time monitoring of battery parameters (cell series count, battery capacity, fast charging rate, depth of discharge, etc.), and calculating the maximum charging current (maximum charging current = battery capacity value × fast charging rate). It also includes a newly added main power load fluctuation monitoring unit, a lithium battery pre-adjustment unit, a lithium battery state of health (SOH) calculation unit, a discharge cycle correction unit, and a lithium battery preheating activation unit. These units work together to achieve dynamic adjustment and health maintenance of the lithium battery's state.

[0024] Control system: It is responsible for synchronously receiving the power supply status information of the main power system and the lithium battery parameter information of the monitoring and management system. It has the function of identifying the precursors of main power failure. When a main power failure or precursor is detected, it can link the monitoring and management system to adjust the lithium battery standby status or directly control the emergency power supply (lead-acid / lithium battery) to connect to the system to achieve uninterrupted power supply switching.

[0025] II. System Initialization and Battery Mode Switching 2.1 System Initialization Process After the system is powered on, the main power supply system starts first. After the output voltage stabilizes (stabilization time ≥ 3 seconds), the control system and the monitoring and management system complete a handshake communication (the control system sends a handshake command, and the monitoring and management system replies with an acknowledgment signal) to ensure smooth data transmission. The monitoring and management system reads the pre-stored battery mode parameters by default, and the initial state is lead-acid battery mode. It then sends a lead-acid mode ready signal to the control system. After receiving the signal, the control system connects the lead-acid battery to the backup circuit, and the main power system officially supplies power to the load, while the lead-acid battery is in a float charge standby state. After initialization, the control system sends parameter query commands to the monitoring and management system at fixed intervals (every 500ms). The monitoring and management system provides real-time feedback on the current battery parameters to ensure that the system status is transparent and verifiable.

[0026] 2.2 Switching from lead-acid battery mode to lithium battery mode The system only supports switching from lead-acid mode to lithium battery mode after the lithium battery parameters have been configured and password verification has been completed. The specific process is as follows: Mode Selection and Password Verification: When the user enters the system settings interface, selects lithium battery in the battery type option, and the system will pop up a password input window; a fixed advanced password (password is 2005, which is different from the regular system password and cannot be changed) must be entered. After entering the correct password, the system will prompt that the password verification has been successful and will restart soon; if the password is entered incorrectly, the system will prompt the number of incorrect attempts. After accumulating 3 incorrect attempts, the system will lock for 10 minutes.

[0027] System Restart and Parameter Configuration Verification: After successful password verification, the system will automatically restart and enter the lithium battery parameter setting interface. The interface lists the parameters that need to be configured, including the number of cells in series, battery capacity, fast charging rate, start fast charging, discharge cycle, and depth of discharge. All parameters must be filled in completely and no empty values ​​are allowed.

[0028] Parameter configuration rules: Number of cells in series: Must match the system voltage level; the default is empty (no control if not set). Specific matching relationships are as follows: 24V system: 1-8 cells (reference 3.3V corresponds to system reference voltage 26V, default 6 cells); 48V system: 9-15 cells (reference 3.3V corresponds to system reference voltage 55V, default 13 cells); 110V system: 16-35 cells (reference 3.3V corresponds to system reference voltage 113V, default 27 cells); 220V system: 36-60 cells (reference 3.3V corresponds to system reference voltage 222V, default 53 cells). Battery capacity: Setting range 0.1-200.0Ah, retaining 1 decimal place, default value 24.0Ah; Fast charging rate: Setting range 0.1-5.0C, retaining 1 decimal place, default value 0.1C; Activate fast charging: Dual option (Yes / No), default is No; Discharge cycle: Set range 1-9000 hours, integer setting, default value 2160 hours; Depth of discharge: Setting range 50%-90%, integer setting, default value 80%.

[0029] Mode switching confirmation: After all parameters are configured, the monitoring and management system automatically verifies the completeness and rationality of the parameters (such as whether the number of cells in series matches the voltage level and whether the values ​​are within the set range). After the verification is passed, a lithium battery parameter ready signal is sent to the control system. After receiving the signal, the control system switches to lithium battery mode, the lithium battery is officially connected to the backup circuit, and the lead-acid battery is switched to standby mode.

[0030] III. Identification of Precursors to Main Power Supply Failures and Lithium Battery Preheating Activation 3.1 Logic for Identifying Early Warning Signs of Main Power Supply Failures The control system analyzes the current, voltage ripple, and module temperature parameters transmitted by the main power system, sets thresholds for three types of fault precursors, and executes the identification logic in real time. Voltage fluctuation threshold: Within 5 consecutive seconds, the main power supply output voltage fluctuation exceeds ±3%, that is, the difference between the maximum and minimum voltage within any 1 second exceeds the range of rated output voltage × 3% × 2. Current surge threshold: The instantaneous increase in the main power supply output current exceeds 50%, that is, the difference between two adjacent current values ​​exceeds 50% of the rated output current; Temperature threshold: The temperature of the main power module exceeds 80% of its rated operating temperature, that is, the temperature value is continuously higher than the upper limit of the rated operating temperature × 80%.

[0031] When any parameter triggers the corresponding threshold and the duration is ≥3 seconds, the control system determines that there is a fault precursor in the main power supply and immediately sends a lithium battery preheating activation command to the monitoring and management system to start the preheating process.

[0032] 3.2 Lithium battery preheating and activation operation After receiving the preheating activation command, the monitoring and management system first determines the current standby status of the lithium battery (dormant standby state / standby state to be switched), and then executes the corresponding activation operation: Dormant standby mode (not activated during the discharge cycle): A small current pulse charging signal (charging current is 0.05C) is generated by the lithium battery preheating activation unit, which supplies power to the lithium battery through the charge and discharge control module. Within 10 seconds, the transient discharge response speed of the lithium battery is increased to twice that of the normal state, ensuring a fast response during subsequent switching. Standby state (parameter settings completed and in standby mode): The lithium battery preheating activation unit temporarily adjusts the discharge protection threshold of the lithium battery, relaxing the original protection value by 5% to avoid triggering overcurrent protection due to load impact (such as sudden current increase) during the main power switch. After preheating and activation are completed, the monitoring and management system sends an activation ready signal to the control system. When the main power supply fails, the control system controls the lithium battery to connect to the power supply circuit. The switching time is ≤20ms, and the fluctuation range of the lithium battery output voltage after switching is ≤±2%, ensuring uninterrupted power supply.

[0033] IV. Lithium Battery Standby State Adjustment and Health Management 4.1 Dynamic adjustment of lithium battery standby status The monitoring and management system works in conjunction with the main power load fluctuation monitoring unit and the lithium battery pre-adjustment unit to dynamically adjust the lithium battery standby status according to changes in the main power load. The specific logic is as follows: Load type classification: The main power supply load fluctuation monitoring unit collects the main power supply output current in real time and compares it with the main power supply rated current to classify the load type. Light load type: Main power supply output current < 30% of rated current; Heavy load type: Main power supply output current > 70% of rated current; At the same time, the number of load fluctuations is counted: if the load switches between light load and heavy load ≥ 5 times within 1 hour, it is judged as a high-frequency fluctuating load.

[0034] Standby state adjustment rules: Light load duration ≥1 hour: The lithium battery pre-adjustment unit controls the lithium battery to enter a low-activity standby state, maintaining the charge at 30%-40%, while automatically extending the discharge cycle to 3600 hours to reduce unnecessary charging and discharging losses; Heavy load or high frequency fluctuation: The lithium battery pre-adjustment unit controls the lithium battery to enter a high-activity standby state, increasing the charge to 45%-50%, and initiating pre-charge maintenance (replenishing the lithium battery with 1% charge every 72 hours). At the same time, the fast charging rate is temporarily increased to 0.3C to ensure rapid response in emergencies.

[0035] 4.2 Calculation of State of Health (SOH) of Lithium Battery and Correction for Discharge Cycle The monitoring and management system uses the lithium battery health status (SOH) calculation unit and discharge cycle correction unit to dynamically adjust the lithium battery health status monitoring and maintenance strategy. SOH Calculation Method: The SOH calculation unit updates the SOH value of the lithium battery in real time. The calculation logic is: SOH = (current actual capacity of lithium battery ÷ initial rated capacity of lithium battery) × 100% - (number of lithium battery cycles × 0.05%). Wherein, 0.05% is the conventional cycle attenuation coefficient of the backup lithium battery in the DC power system; the current actual capacity is obtained through calibration during the charging and discharging process, and the number of cycles is accumulated by monitoring the charging and discharging cycles (discharge depth ≥ 50% is counted as 1 cycle).

[0036] Discharge cycle correction rules: The discharge cycle correction unit adjusts the discharge cycle and maintenance measures based on the SOH value. SOH≥90%: Maintain the default discharge cycle (2160 hours), without adding any maintenance measures, and only monitor parameters according to the regular cycle; 80%≤SOH<90%: Shorten the discharge cycle to 1440 hours, while reducing the depth of discharge to 70%, thus reducing lithium battery loss; SOH < 80%: The discharge cycle is shortened to 720 hours, and an equalization charge operation is added every 3 charging processes to balance the cell voltage through energy transfer and restore cell consistency. The corrected discharge cycle and SOH value will be synchronized to the control system to ensure that the control system can monitor the lithium battery status in real time and provide a basis for emergency switching.

[0037] V. New Battery Activation and Abnormal Early Warning Handling 5.1 New Battery Activation Process When the lithium battery is newly replaced or the system determines that it is not activated, an activation operation needs to be performed through the monitoring and management system. The process is as follows: Activation Start-up: After the user selects and confirms the new battery activation in the system interface, the monitoring and management system sends a lithium battery activation signal to the control system, requesting a lead-acid backup signal. The control system then switches to the lead-acid battery backup mode to avoid the lack of backup power during the activation period. Three discharge cycles: The monitoring and management system controls the lithium battery to perform three consecutive discharge cycles, each cycle consisting of three steps: discharge, charge, and hold. Discharge steps: Control the lithium battery to discharge according to the set discharge depth. Depth of discharge is determined by sampling the output voltage in real time. When the sampled voltage reaches the critical voltage corresponding to the set discharge depth percentage, the discharge is stopped immediately. Charging steps: Charge the lithium battery at the set fast charging rate (default 0.1C) until the voltage reaches full charge; Maintenance procedure: Stop charging and discharging, and let the lithium battery rest for 12 hours. During this period, continuously monitor the voltage and temperature to ensure stable condition. Activation complete: After three cycles, the monitoring and management system calibrates the capacity of the lithium battery, records the initial actual capacity, sends an activation complete signal to the control system, the control system switches back to lithium battery mode, and the lithium battery officially enters standby mode.

[0038] 5.2 Lithium Battery Abnormal Warning and Handling The monitoring and management system monitors the lithium battery's charge level and SOH value in real time. When abnormal conditions are triggered, it activates the early warning and emergency response mechanism. Abnormal condition determination: Abnormal power level: Lithium battery power level <30%, and the duration is ≥5 minutes (excluding false judgments caused by instantaneous discharge); Abnormal SOH: SOH value < 60%, and this condition is met in 3 consecutive monitoring sessions (24 hours apart).

[0039] Abnormal response measures: Signal interaction: The monitoring and management system sends a lithium battery abnormality signal to the control system, and an abnormality prompt pops up on the local interface at the same time; Mode switching: After receiving the signal, the control system immediately disconnects the lithium battery circuit and closes the lead-acid battery circuit. The switching time is ≤10ms to ensure uninterrupted power supply. Audible and visual warning: The buzzer (intermittent beeping) and red LED light (flashing) are activated, and an abnormal information is sent to the remote monitoring center to prompt manual maintenance; Abnormal resolution and recovery: Power abnormality resolution: Manually replenish the power to ≥30% and maintain it for 10 minutes, and the system will automatically clear the power abnormality mark; SOH Abnormal Removal: After manual maintenance (such as replacing aging cells) brings the SOH to ≥60%, perform an SOH reset through the system interface to clear the abnormal marker; Mode recovery: After the abnormal marker is cleared, the user can manually switch back to lithium battery mode, the system will stop the audible and visual warnings, and restore normal management logic.

[0040] VI. System Collaboration and Seamless Switching Guarantee 6.1 Full-Scenario Collaboration Logic During different operational phases, the various modules of the system collaborate through data interaction: During normal operation: the main power supply is on, the monitoring and management system collects lithium battery parameters periodically, the control system collects the main power status, and the two systems synchronize data regularly. During load fluctuations: The monitoring and management system tracks load changes and dynamically adjusts the lithium battery standby status, while the control system is aware of the lithium battery status in real time to prepare for switching. Pre-fault warning stage: After the control system identifies the warning signs, it triggers preheating activation, and the monitoring and management system adjusts the lithium battery status to ensure that the lithium battery is in a state that can be quickly switched. During the fault switching phase: the control system quickly disconnects the main power supply and connects the lithium battery, and monitors and manages the stable lithium battery output voltage to ensure uninterrupted switching; Fault recovery phase: After the main power is restored, the control system switches back to main power supply, the monitoring and management system restores the lithium battery to standby state, and records the switching event.

[0041] 6.2 Uninterrupted switching performance guarantee Through hardware control logic and software algorithm optimization, the system ensures uninterrupted switching of core performance indicators: Switching time: The total time from main power failure to lithium battery connection is ≤20ms, including signal identification, loop switching and voltage stabilization time; Voltage fluctuation: The output voltage fluctuation of the lithium battery after switching is ≤±2%, which is achieved through the voltage regulation control module and parameter pre-adjustment; Load adaptability: During the switching process, the load device does not reset or lose data, meeting the high requirements of the DC power system for power supply continuity.

[0042] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An adaptive, uninterrupted switching emergency power supply monitoring and management system, characterized in that, This includes the main power system and the emergency power management system; The main power supply system is used to ensure the normal power supply of the DC power system, and the main power supply system is equipped with the functions of acquiring output current, voltage ripple and module temperature. The emergency power management system includes an emergency power supply, a monitoring and management system, and a control system; wherein, the emergency power supply is used to provide backup power when the main power system fails, and the emergency power supply contains at least a lithium battery; The monitoring and management system is used to manage the characteristics and pre-adjust the status of lithium batteries in emergency power supplies. Specifically, it includes performing new battery activation operations, controlling the discharge cycle of lithium batteries, and monitoring the battery parameters of lithium batteries. The battery parameters include at least battery capacity, fast charging rate, depth of discharge, and number of cells in series. The monitoring and management system can also calculate the maximum charging current based on the set battery capacity value and fast charging rate. The calculation method is that the maximum charging current is equal to the battery capacity value multiplied by the fast charging rate. The control system is used to synchronously receive lithium battery parameter information and main power system power supply status information transmitted by the monitoring and management system. It is also equipped with a main power failure precursor identification function. When a failure precursor or failure is detected in the main power system, it will link the monitoring and management system to adjust the backup status of the lithium battery or directly control the emergency power supply to connect to the DC power system to achieve uninterrupted power supply switching.

2. The adaptive, uninterrupted switching emergency power supply monitoring and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The emergency power supply also includes lead-acid batteries; the system defaults to lead-acid battery mode with lead-acid batteries as backup power, and can only switch to lithium battery mode with lithium batteries as the core management object after the relevant lithium battery configuration is completed and the password verification is passed. The specific method for password verification is as follows: after selecting the lithium battery option in the battery type in the system options, you need to enter a fixed advanced password. The fixed advanced password is different from the regular system password and cannot be modified. After the password verification is successful, the system will restart and refresh. The system will only allow entry into lithium battery mode when all lithium battery parameters have been set.

3. The adaptive, uninterrupted switching emergency power supply monitoring and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery parameter setting rules for the monitoring and management system are as follows: The setting for the number of battery cells in series matches the voltage level of the DC power system. The default setting is empty; if not set, there is no control. Specifically, when the system voltage level is 24V, the setting range for the number of battery cells in series is 1-8, corresponding to a system reference voltage of 26V with a base voltage of 3.3V, and the default number of battery cells in series is 6. When the system voltage level is 48V, the setting range for the number of battery cells in series is 9-15, corresponding to a system reference voltage of 55V with a base voltage of 3.3V, and the default number of battery cells in series is 13. When the system voltage level is 110V, the setting range for the number of battery cells in series is 16-35, corresponding to a system reference voltage of 113V with a base voltage of 3.3V, and the default number of battery cells in series is 27. When the system voltage level is 220V, the setting range for the number of battery cells in series is 36-60, corresponding to a system reference voltage of 222V with a base voltage of 3.3V, and the default number of battery cells in series is 53. The battery capacity setting range is 0.1-200.0Ah, with one decimal place, and the default value is 24.0Ah; the fast charging rate setting range is 0.1-5.0C, with one decimal place, and the default value is 0.1C; the fast charging option is a binary selection of yes / no, and the default value is no; the discharge cycle setting range is 1-9000 hours, with an integer setting, and the default value is 2160 hours; the discharge depth setting range is 50%-90%, with an integer setting, and the default value is 80%.

4. The adaptive, uninterrupted switching emergency power supply monitoring and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main power supply fault precursor identification function of the control system specifically includes: The control system receives real-time data on output current, voltage ripple, and module temperature from the main power supply system. It sets three thresholds for detecting potential faults: a voltage fluctuation threshold of ±3% for the main power supply output voltage fluctuation within 5 consecutive seconds; a current surge threshold of more than 50% for the instantaneous increase in the main power supply output current; and a temperature threshold of 80% for the main power supply module temperature exceeding its rated operating temperature. When any parameter triggers the corresponding judgment threshold and the duration is greater than or equal to 3 seconds, the control system determines that there is a fault precursor in the main power system and immediately sends a lithium battery preheating activation command to the monitoring and management system.

5. The adaptive, uninterrupted switching emergency power supply monitoring and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lithium battery standby state adjustment logic of the monitoring and management system is specifically implemented by the newly added main power load fluctuation monitoring unit and the lithium battery pre-adjustment unit working together: The main power supply load fluctuation monitoring unit collects the main power supply output current data in real time and classifies the load type according to the ratio of the output current to the main power supply rated current. The light load type is the main power supply output current less than 30% of the main power supply rated current; the heavy load type is the main power supply output current greater than 70% of the main power supply rated current. The lithium battery pre-adjustment unit dynamically adjusts the standby state of the lithium battery according to the load type. When the main power supply is continuously under light load for more than or equal to 1 hour, the lithium battery pre-adjustment unit controls the lithium battery to enter a low-activity standby state, maintaining the lithium battery charge at 30%-40% and automatically extending the discharge cycle to 3600 hours. When the main power supply is under heavy load or the load fluctuates more than or equal to 5 times within 1 hour, the lithium battery pre-adjustment unit controls the lithium battery to enter a high-activity standby state, increasing the lithium battery charge to 45%-50%, initiating pre-charge maintenance, replenishing the lithium battery with 1% charge every 72 hours, and temporarily increasing the fast charging rate to 0.3C.

6. The adaptive, uninterrupted switching emergency power supply monitoring and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lithium battery health correction rule of the monitoring and management system is specifically implemented by the newly added lithium battery health SOH calculation unit and discharge cycle correction unit working together: The lithium battery health status SOH calculation unit updates the SOH value of the lithium battery in real time. The discharge cycle correction unit dynamically adjusts the discharge cycle and corresponding maintenance measures according to the SOH value. When the SOH is greater than or equal to 90%, the default discharge cycle of 2160 hours is maintained without additional maintenance measures. When the SOH is greater than or equal to 80% but less than 90%, the discharge cycle is shortened to 1440 hours, and the depth of discharge of the lithium battery is reduced to 70%. When the SOH is less than 80%, the discharge cycle is shortened to 720 hours, and one equalization charging operation is added every three lithium battery charging processes to restore cell consistency. The discharge cycle correction unit also synchronizes the corrected discharge cycle and the lithium battery SOH value to the control system to ensure that the lithium battery is in a usable state during emergency switching.

7. The adaptive, uninterrupted switching emergency power supply monitoring and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific operations of the monitoring and management system in response to the lithium battery preheating activation command are executed by the newly added lithium battery preheating activation unit: If the lithium battery is in a dormant standby state, that is, it is not activated during the discharge cycle, the lithium battery preheating activation unit wakes up the cell through a small current pulse charging method. The charging current is set to 0.05C, and the transient discharge response speed of the lithium battery is increased to twice that of the normal state within 10 seconds. If the lithium battery is already in a standby state, that is, the parameters have been set and it is in a state of waiting to switch, the lithium battery preheating activation unit temporarily relaxes the discharge protection threshold of the lithium battery by 5% to avoid triggering overcurrent protection due to load impact at the moment of switching. When the main power system fails, the control system controls the lithium battery to connect to the power supply. The switching time is less than or equal to 20ms, and the fluctuation of the lithium battery output voltage after switching is less than or equal to ±2%.

8. The adaptive, uninterrupted switching emergency power supply monitoring and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The new battery activation operation performed by the monitoring and management system is as follows: When the start option is manually selected in the new battery activation, the monitoring and management system automatically enters the activation process and controls the lithium battery to perform three consecutive discharge cycles. The steps of each discharge cycle are lithium battery discharge, lithium battery charging, and 12-hour hold. During the discharge process, the monitoring and management system determines the depth of discharge by sampling the output voltage value of the lithium battery in real time. When the sampled voltage reaches the critical voltage value corresponding to the set percentage of discharge depth, it determines that the current discharge depth meets the standard, immediately stops the discharge, and enters the charging stage.

9. The adaptive, uninterrupted switching emergency power supply monitoring and management system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The monitoring and management system is also equipped with a lithium battery health status (SOH) calculation function. The calculation method is as follows: SOH equals the current actual capacity of the lithium battery divided by the initial rated capacity of the lithium battery, multiplied by 100%, minus the number of cycles of the lithium battery multiplied by 0.05%, where 0.05% is the normal cycle attenuation coefficient of the backup lithium battery of the DC power system. The monitoring and management system transmits the calculated SOH value to the control system in real time for the determination of the lithium battery status before emergency switching.

10. The adaptive, uninterrupted switching emergency power supply monitoring and management system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The monitoring and management system is also equipped with a lithium battery abnormality early warning function. When the lithium battery power is detected to be below 30% or the SOH value is below 60%, the monitoring and management system sends an abnormal signal to the control system. The control system automatically switches to lead-acid battery mode for power supply and triggers an audible and visual warning to prompt manual maintenance. After the lithium battery power is replenished to above 30% and the SOH value is restored to above 60%, the control system manually switches back to lithium battery mode.

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