Snow removal system and method for photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and particularly provides a snow removal system and method for a photovoltaic module. A temperature acquisition assembly; an image acquisition assembly; the controller is used for analyzing whether snow exists on the photovoltaic module or not according to the image information when the actual power generation power of the photovoltaic module is smaller than or equal to a first preset threshold value and the weather prediction data indicates that snowfall exists or the actual power generation power of the photovoltaic module is smaller than or equal to the first preset threshold value and the environment temperature information is smaller than or equal to a second preset threshold value; if yes, first accumulated snow parameter information is obtained, and the heating assembly is controlled to heat the photovoltaic assembly according to the first accumulated snow parameter information until no accumulated snow exists on the photovoltaic assembly; the system can effectively solve the problems of low snow removal efficiency, high labor cost and high time cost existing in manual snow removal and the problem that the front surface of the photovoltaic module is damaged due to the fact that a mechanical snow removal device needs to be in direct contact with the front surface of the photovoltaic module in the snow removal process.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic module snow removal system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In winter, the front surface of the photovoltaic module (the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic module) is prone to accumulate ice and snow. The snow on the front surface of the photovoltaic module will hinder the absorption of sunlight by the photovoltaic module, thereby causing a significant decrease in the power generation capacity and power generation power of the photovoltaic module, and further affecting the stable operation of the photovoltaic power station.

[0003] The related art can use any one of manual snow removal and snow removal using a mechanical snow sweeping device to solve the problem of snow accumulation on the front surface of the photovoltaic module. The manual snow removal has the problems of low snow removal efficiency and high labor cost and time cost of manual snow removal. The snow removal using the mechanical snow sweeping device can improve the snow removal efficiency to a certain extent, but the mechanical snow sweeping device has high energy consumption, and in the snow removal process, the mechanical snow sweeping device needs to be in direct contact with the front surface of the photovoltaic module. Therefore, the snow removal using the mechanical snow sweeping device has the problems of high snow removal cost due to high energy consumption of the mechanical snow sweeping device and damage to the front surface of the photovoltaic module due to the direct contact between the mechanical snow sweeping device and the front surface of the photovoltaic module in the snow removal process, thereby affecting the long-term stable operation of the photovoltaic module.

[0004] At present, there is no effective technical solution to the above problems. It should be noted that the above information disclosed in this part is only used to understand the background of the present application concept, and therefore can contain information that does not constitute prior art. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a photovoltaic module snow removal system and method, which can effectively solve the problems of low snow removal efficiency, high labor cost and time cost of manual snow removal, and damage to the front surface of the photovoltaic module due to the direct contact between the mechanical snow sweeping device and the front surface of the photovoltaic module in the snow removal process.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a photovoltaic module snow removal system for removing snow from a photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module snow removal system comprising: a heating assembly arranged on the photovoltaic module; a temperature acquisition assembly configured to acquire environmental temperature information; an image acquisition assembly; The controller is configured to: when the actual power generation of the photovoltaic module is less than or equal to a first preset threshold and meteorological prediction data indicates that there is snowfall, or the actual power generation of the photovoltaic module is less than or equal to the first preset threshold and environmental temperature information is less than or equal to a second preset threshold, acquire image information of the photovoltaic module by using the image acquisition component; analyze whether there is snow on the photovoltaic module according to the image information; if yes, acquire first snow parameter information; and control the heating component to heat the photovoltaic module according to the first snow parameter information until there is no snow on the photovoltaic module.

[0007] The photovoltaic module snow removal system provided by the application can analyze whether there is snow on the photovoltaic module by cooperation of the heating component, the temperature acquisition component and the image acquisition component, and melt the snow on the photovoltaic module by heating the photovoltaic module by using the heating component, that is, the application can realize the function of automatic snow melting, so that the application does not need to use manual snow removal and snow removal by using a mechanical snow sweeping device to solve the problem of snow on the photovoltaic module, thereby effectively solving the problems of low snow removal efficiency, high labor cost and high time cost of manual snow removal, and the problem of damage to the front surface of the photovoltaic module caused by the mechanical snow sweeping device in the snow removal process, so as to ensure long-term stable operation of the photovoltaic module.

[0008] Optionally, the first snow parameter information includes a first snow thickness and a first snow coverage area, and the process of controlling the heating component to heat the photovoltaic module according to the first snow parameter information includes: A1, calculating a first snow melting heating power according to the first snow thickness, the first snow coverage area and a preset snow melting time length; A2, controlling the heating component to heat the photovoltaic module according to the first snow melting heating power.

[0009] Optionally, step A1 includes: A11, calculating a first preliminary heating power according to the first snow thickness, the first snow coverage area and the preset snow melting time length; A12, acquiring a first correction coefficient according to environmental wind speed information and a first preset conversion relationship; A13, calculating the first snow melting heating power according to the first preliminary heating power and the first correction coefficient.

[0010] Since the environmental wind speed information is positively correlated with the heat dissipation rate, the heat dissipation rate is negatively correlated with the heating power of the heating assembly under the condition that the generated heat and the heating duration are unchanged, and the technical solution is equivalent to preliminarily calculating the heating power of the heating assembly, and then correcting the preliminarily calculated heating power by using the environmental wind speed information, so that the technical solution can effectively improve the accuracy of the first snow melting heating power, thereby effectively avoiding the situation that the accumulated snow cannot be completely removed within the preset snow melting duration due to the failure to consider the influence of the environmental wind speed on the snow melting rate, that is, the application can ensure the snow removal efficiency of the photovoltaic module snow removal system.

[0011] Optionally, step A1 further comprises a step executed between step A12 and step A13: A14, obtaining snow spectrum reflectivity information according to the image information, and then inputting the snow spectrum reflectivity information into a pre-trained snow classification model to obtain snow type information; A15, obtaining a second correction coefficient according to the snow type information and a second preset conversion relationship; Step A13 comprises: A131, calculating the first snow melting heating power according to the first preliminary heating power, the first correction coefficient and the second correction coefficient.

[0012] Since the thermal conductivity coefficients of different types of snow are different, that is, the heat required to melt different types of snow is different under the condition that other conditions are the same, and the technical solution is equivalent to considering the influence of the environmental wind speed and the snow type when calculating the snow melting heating power, so that the technical solution can further improve the accuracy of the first snow melting heating power, thereby further avoiding the situation that the accumulated snow cannot be completely removed within the preset snow melting duration due to the failure to consider the influence of the environmental wind speed on the snow melting rate.

[0013] Optionally, the heating assembly is electrically connected with the photovoltaic module and the external power supply, and the controller is further configured to control the photovoltaic module to supply power to the heating assembly when the actual power generation power of the photovoltaic module is greater than 0, and the controller is further configured to control the external power supply to supply power to the heating assembly when the actual power generation power of the photovoltaic module is less than the first snow melting heating power.

[0014] When the actual power generation power of the photovoltaic module is less than the first snow melting heating power, the technical solution uses the external power supply to supply power to the heating assembly to ensure the snow removal efficiency. The technical solution is equivalent to preferably using the power generated by the photovoltaic module to remove snow under the condition that the photovoltaic module can generate power and the snow removal efficiency is ensured, so that the technical solution can effectively reduce the demand for external energy when the photovoltaic module snow removal system performs snow removal operation, that is, the technical solution can effectively reduce the power supply amount of the external power supply during the snow removal operation, thereby effectively reducing the snow removal cost.

[0015] Optionally, when the actual power generation of the photovoltaic assembly is greater than 0, the process of controlling the photovoltaic assembly to supply power to the heating assembly comprises: When the actual power generation of the photovoltaic assembly is greater than 0 and the fluctuation frequency of the actual power generation is less than a preset frequency, the photovoltaic assembly is controlled to supply power to the heating assembly.

[0016] Since the light intensity has natural fluctuation, and the light intensity directly affects the power generation of the photovoltaic assembly, if the light intensity fluctuates frequently, the heating assembly needs to frequently switch among the three power supply modes of being powered only by the photovoltaic assembly, being powered by the photovoltaic assembly and the external power supply in parallel, and being powered only by the external power supply. Only when the actual power generation of the photovoltaic assembly is greater than 0 and the fluctuation frequency of the actual power generation is less than a preset frequency, the photovoltaic assembly is controlled to supply power to the heating assembly. Therefore, this technical solution can effectively prevent the situation that the power supply stability of the heating assembly is affected due to the frequent fluctuation of the power generation of the photovoltaic assembly.

[0017] Optionally, the heating assembly comprises a plurality of heating units, and the photovoltaic assembly is divided into a plurality of heating areas, each heating area corresponding to at least one heating unit. The process of controlling the heating assembly to heat the photovoltaic assembly according to the first snow accumulation parameter information comprises: B1, obtaining second snow accumulation parameter information corresponding to each heating area according to the first snow accumulation parameter information, the second snow accumulation parameter information comprising a second snow thickness and a second snow coverage area; B2, calculating a second snow melting heating power corresponding to each heating area according to the second snow thickness, the second snow coverage area, and a preset snow melting time length; B3, controlling the corresponding heating unit to heat the photovoltaic assembly according to the second snow melting heating power.

[0018] This technical solution is equivalent to realizing subarea snow removal by dividing the photovoltaic assembly into a plurality of areas and configuring corresponding heating units for each heating area. Therefore, this technical solution can effectively avoid the situation that the area with less snow on the photovoltaic assembly is still heated after the snow is removed due to the overall heating of the photovoltaic assembly, thereby effectively reducing the energy consumption of the photovoltaic assembly snow removal system in snow removal operation, and further effectively reducing the snow removal cost of the photovoltaic assembly snow removal system.

[0019] Optionally, step B2 comprises: B21, calculating a second preliminary heating power corresponding to each heating area according to the second snow thickness, the second snow coverage area, and the preset snow melting time length; B22, predicting a snowmelt water gathering area on the photovoltaic assembly formed after the snow melts based on the inclination angle of the photovoltaic assembly; B23, selecting any heating area; B24, analyze whether the selected heating area intersects with the convergence area, if yes, calculate the second snow-melting heating power corresponding to the selected heating area according to a preset third correction coefficient and the second preliminary heating power corresponding to the selected heating area, if not, take the second preliminary heating power as the second snow-melting heating power corresponding to the selected heating area, and the third correction coefficient is greater than 1; B25, analyze whether there is a heating area that has not been selected, if yes, select any heating area that has not been selected and return to step B24, if not, execute step B3.

[0020] Since the application can predict the convergence area of snow-melt water formed on the photovoltaic module based on the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module, and calculate the second snow-melting heating power corresponding to the selected heating area according to the third correction coefficient and the second preliminary heating power corresponding to the selected heating area, and the third correction coefficient is greater than 0, the technical scheme is equivalent to increasing the heating power of the heating assembly in the heating area intersecting with the convergence area to remove the snow-melt water in the convergence area as much as possible, thereby reducing the situation that the photovoltaic module needs to be heated again due to the ice formed by the snow-melt water in the convergence area after the heating assembly stops heating, and effectively reducing the energy consumption and snow removal cost of the photovoltaic module snow removal system.

[0021] Optionally, step B22 comprises: B221, predict the flow trajectory of snow-melt water formed on the photovoltaic module after the snow melts based on the principle of fluid mechanics and the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module, and construct the convergence area according to the preset area size with the end point of the flow trajectory as the center.

[0022] In the second aspect, the application further provides a photovoltaic module snow removal method for removing snow from a photovoltaic module, which is applied to the photovoltaic module snow removal system according to any one of claims 1-9, and comprises the following steps: S1, when the actual power generation of the photovoltaic module is less than or equal to a first preset threshold and the meteorological prediction data indicates that there is snowfall, or the actual power generation of the photovoltaic module is less than or equal to the first preset threshold and the environmental temperature information, use the image acquisition assembly to acquire image information containing the photovoltaic module. S2, analyze whether there is snow on the photovoltaic module according to the image information, if yes, obtain first snow parameter information, and control the heating assembly to heat the photovoltaic module according to the first snow parameter information until there is no snow on the photovoltaic module.

[0023] The snow removing method of the photovoltaic module can analyze whether there is snow on the photovoltaic module through cooperation of the heating assembly, the temperature collecting assembly and the image collecting assembly, and melt the snow on the photovoltaic module through heating of the photovoltaic module by the heating assembly, that is, the snow removing method can realize the function of automatic snow melting, so that the snow removing method does not need to solve the snow problem of the photovoltaic module by the two ways of manual snow removing and snow removing by using a mechanical snow removing device, thereby effectively solving the problems of low snow removing efficiency, high labor cost and high time cost of the manual snow removing and the problem of damage to the front surface of the photovoltaic module caused by the mechanical snow removing device in the snow removing process, so as to ensure long-term stable operation of the photovoltaic module.

[0024] As can be seen from the above, the snow removing system and method of the photovoltaic module can analyze whether there is snow on the photovoltaic module through cooperation of the heating assembly, the temperature collecting assembly and the image collecting assembly, and melt the snow on the photovoltaic module through heating of the photovoltaic module by the heating assembly, that is, the snow removing system and method can realize the function of automatic snow melting, so that the snow removing system and method do not need to solve the snow problem of the photovoltaic module by the two ways of manual snow removing and snow removing by using a mechanical snow removing device, thereby effectively solving the problems of low snow removing efficiency, high labor cost and high time cost of the manual snow removing and the problem of damage to the front surface of the photovoltaic module caused by the mechanical snow removing device in the snow removing process, so as to ensure long-term stable operation of the photovoltaic module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 The snow removing system of the photovoltaic module and the structure schematic diagram of the photovoltaic module are provided for the embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Figure 2 The control relationship schematic diagram of the snow removing system of the photovoltaic module is provided for the embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Figure 3 The flowchart of the snow removing method of the photovoltaic module is provided for the embodiment of the present application.

[0028] The reference signs are as follows: 1, photovoltaic module; 2, heating assembly; 3, temperature collecting assembly; 4, image collecting assembly; 5, controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present application, but only represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of the present application.

[0030] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings. Meanwhile, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0031] In a first aspect, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present application provides a snow removal system for photovoltaic modules, for removing snow from a photovoltaic module 1, the snow removal system for photovoltaic modules comprising: a heating assembly 2 arranged on the photovoltaic module 1; a temperature acquisition assembly 3 for acquiring environmental temperature information; an image acquisition assembly 4; a controller 5, configured to acquire image information containing the photovoltaic module 1 by using the image acquisition assembly 4 when the actual power generation of the photovoltaic module 1 is less than or equal to a first preset threshold and meteorological prediction data indicates that there is snowfall, or the actual power generation of the photovoltaic module 1 is less than or equal to the first preset threshold and the environmental temperature information is less than or equal to a second preset threshold, and further configured to analyze whether there is snow on the photovoltaic module 1 according to the image information, and if so, to obtain first snow parameter information, and to control the heating assembly 2 to heat the photovoltaic module 1 according to the first snow parameter information until there is no snow on the photovoltaic module 1.

[0032] The snow removal system of the photovoltaic module can remove the snow on the front surface (light receiving surface) of the photovoltaic module 1, so as to avoid the situation that the power generation and power generation of the photovoltaic module 1 are reduced due to the snow on the front surface of the photovoltaic module 1. The photovoltaic module 1 of the embodiment can be a photovoltaic panel arranged at a position capable of being irradiated by the sun, such as a photovoltaic power station, a factory roof or a residential building roof. The heating assembly 2 of the embodiment can be an existing resistance heating wire or resistance heating film. The heating assembly 2 is preferably arranged on the back surface (backlight surface) of the photovoltaic module 1. The heat generated by the heating assembly 2 can be transmitted to the photovoltaic module 1 to heat the snow on the photovoltaic module 1. The temperature acquisition assembly 3 of the embodiment can be an existing thermistor temperature sensor. The temperature acquisition assembly 3 is installed near the photovoltaic module 1. The temperature acquisition assembly 3 can monitor the temperature of the environment where the photovoltaic module 1 is located in real time, and generate environment temperature information based on the monitored temperature. The image acquisition assembly 4 of the embodiment can be an existing visible light camera. The image acquisition assembly 4 is installed at a position capable of shooting the photovoltaic module 1.

[0033] The controller 5 of the embodiment is electrically connected with the heating assembly 2, the temperature acquisition assembly 3 and the image acquisition assembly 4. The actual power generation of the photovoltaic module 1 can be obtained by measuring the output of the photovoltaic module 1 by using an existing power meter or an electric energy meter. The first preset threshold of the embodiment can be a set value based on the rated power of the photovoltaic module 1. For example, the first preset threshold is 50% of the rated power of the photovoltaic module 1. The first preset threshold of the embodiment can also be a value obtained according to the ambient light intensity and a third preset conversion relationship. The third preset conversion relationship is a mapping relationship between the light intensity and the power generation. That is, the first preset threshold of the embodiment can be a value generated based on the ambient light intensity, so as to avoid the situation that the actual power generation of the photovoltaic module 1 cannot reach the first preset threshold even if there is no snow on the photovoltaic module 1 due to the low ambient light intensity. It should be understood that if the actual power generation of the photovoltaic module 1 is less than or equal to the first preset threshold, it indicates that the power generation of the photovoltaic module 1 is abnormal, which can be caused by the snow on the photovoltaic module 1. If the environment temperature information is less than or equal to the second preset threshold, it indicates that the temperature of the environment where the photovoltaic module 1 is located is low, and the snow on the photovoltaic module 1 can occur. The weather forecast data of the embodiment is preferably the weather forecast of an astronomical weather station.

[0034] The working principle of the snow removal system of the photovoltaic module of this embodiment is as follows: in winter or other snow accumulation seasons, if the actual power generation of the photovoltaic module 1 is less than or equal to the first preset threshold, it indicates that the power generation of the photovoltaic module 1 is abnormal, at this time, the system will confirm the snow accumulation possibility in combination with the weather forecast data and the environmental temperature information, if there is a snow accumulation possibility (the actual power generation of the photovoltaic module 1 is less than or equal to the first preset threshold and the weather forecast data indicates that there is snowfall or the actual power generation of the photovoltaic module 1 is less than or equal to the first preset threshold and the environmental temperature information is less than or equal to the second preset threshold), the image information containing the photovoltaic module 1 is collected by using the image collection component 4, since the heat generated by the heating component 2 can be transmitted to the snow formed on the photovoltaic module 1 through the photovoltaic module 1, the snow will melt after absorbing heat, and the parameters of the snow (such as the weight of the snow or the volume of the snow) are related to the heat required for the melted snow, therefore, when it is analyzed according to the image information that there is snow on the photovoltaic module 1, the first snow parameter information can be obtained, and then the heating component 2 is controlled according to the first snow parameter information to heat the photovoltaic module 1 to remove the snow on the photovoltaic module 1. Preferably, the snow removal system of the photovoltaic module of this embodiment further comprises a communication module, and the snow accumulation situation and the snow removal situation can be fed back to the user end in real time by using the communication module, so that the user can monitor the snow accumulation situation and the snow removal situation in real time, and the user can also remotely control the start or stop of the heating component 2 by using the communication module.

[0035] The snow removal system of the photovoltaic module provided by the present application can analyze whether there is snow on the photovoltaic module 1 by cooperation of the heating component 2, the temperature collection component 3 and the image collection component 4, and melt the snow on the photovoltaic module 1 by heating the photovoltaic module 1 by using the heating component 2, that is, the present application can realize the function of automatic snow melting, therefore, the present application does not need to use manual snow removal and snow removal by using mechanical snow sweeping device to solve the snow accumulation problem of the photovoltaic module 1, thereby effectively solving the problems of low snow removal efficiency, high labor cost and high time cost of manual snow removal, and the problem of damage to the front surface of the photovoltaic module 1 caused by the mechanical snow sweeping device in the snow removal process, so as to ensure the long-term stable operation of the photovoltaic module 1. In addition, since the heating component 2 is controlled according to the first snow parameter information to heat the photovoltaic module 1, that is, the present application is equivalent to ensuring that the heating component 2 heats at a suitable power based on the actual snow accumulation situation, therefore, the present application can also effectively avoid the waste of energy.

[0036] In some preferred embodiments, the first snow parameter information includes a first snow thickness and a first snow coverage area, and the process of controlling the heating component 2 to heat the photovoltaic module 1 according to the first snow parameter information includes: A1, calculating a first snow melting heating power according to the first snow thickness, the first snow coverage area and a preset snow melting time length; A2, controlling the heating component 2 to heat the photovoltaic component 1 according to the first snow-melting heating power.

[0037] Specifically, the process of calculating the first snow-melting heating power in step A1 can be as follows: calculating the snow mass according to the first snow thickness (preferably the average thickness of the snow on the photovoltaic component 1), the first snow-covered area, and the preset snow density; calculating the heat required to be generated for snow melting based on the snow mass; and calculating the first snow-melting power according to the heat required to be generated for snow melting and the preset snow-melting time. Specifically, the calculation formula for calculating the heat required to be generated for snow melting based on the snow mass in this embodiment is shown in formula (1): (1) ; wherein Q represents the heat required to be generated for snow melting, m represents the snow mass, c represents the specific heat capacity of snow (a known value, about 2.09 kJ / kg·℃), ΔT represents the temperature change amount for raising the snow from the current temperature to 0℃, and L represents the heat of fusion of snow (a known value, about 334 kJ / kg). It should be understood that since the temperature of the snow is associated with the ambient temperature, the current temperature of the snow can be obtained based on the ambient temperature information in this embodiment.

[0038] In some preferred embodiments, step A1 comprises: A11, calculating the first preliminary heating power according to the first snow thickness, the first snow-covered area, and the preset snow-melting time; A12, obtaining the first correction coefficient according to the environmental wind speed information and the first preset conversion relationship; A13, calculating the first snow-melting heating power according to the first preliminary heating power and the first correction coefficient.

[0039] The flow of step A11 of calculating the first preliminary heating power is the same as the flow of calculating the first snow-melting heating power in step A1, which will not be discussed in detail here. The environmental wind speed information in step A12 is the wind speed of the environment in which the photovoltaic module 1 is located. In this embodiment, the environmental wind speed information can be obtained by measuring the wind speed using an existing anemometer. The first preset conversion relationship in step A12 is preferably a mapping relationship between the environmental wind speed and the correction coefficient. In this embodiment, the first correction coefficient can be obtained from the first preset conversion relationship according to the environmental wind speed information by data extraction. The first snow-melting heating power in step A13 is preferably the product of the first preliminary heating power and the first correction coefficient. Since the environmental wind speed information is positively correlated with the heat dissipation rate, and the heat dissipation rate is negatively correlated with the heating power of the heating assembly 2 under the condition that the heat generated and the heating time are constant, the present embodiment is equivalent to preliminarily calculating the heating power of the heating assembly 2, and then correcting the preliminarily calculated heating power using the environmental wind speed information. Therefore, the present embodiment can effectively improve the accuracy of the first snow-melting heating power, thereby effectively avoiding the situation that the accumulated snow cannot be completely removed within the preset snow-melting time due to the failure to consider the influence of the environmental wind speed on the snow-melting rate, i.e., the present application can ensure the snow-removal efficiency of the photovoltaic module snow-removal system.

[0040] In some preferred embodiments, step A1 further comprises a step performed between step A12 and step A13: A14, obtaining the snow spectral reflectance information according to the image information, and then inputting the snow spectral reflectance information into a pre-trained snow classification model to obtain the snow type information; A15, obtaining a second correction coefficient according to the snow type information and a second preset conversion relationship; Step A13 comprises: A131, calculating the first snow-melting heating power according to the first preliminary heating power, the first correction coefficient and the second correction coefficient.

[0041] The image information of this embodiment is preferably a multispectral image or a hyperspectral image containing spectral information at different wavelengths, and the snow spectral reflectance information can be obtained by calculating the average reflectance of the snow in a specific wavelength range (equivalent to a specific spectrum) according to the pixel value of the region where the snow is located in the image information. The snow can be divided into new snow, old snow, wet snow, ice snow and the like. Since different types of snow have different absorption and reflection capabilities for light at different wavelengths, i.e., the reflectance of different types of snow in different spectral bands is different, this embodiment can analyze the type of the snow based on the snow spectral reflectance information. Specifically, the snow classification model of this embodiment is a pre-trained machine learning model, which is preferably a model constructed based on a support vector machine architecture. The model is trained to output corresponding snow type information according to the input snow spectral reflectance information. It should be understood that the data set for training the snow classification model includes multiple groups of training data about the snow type and the spectral reflectance. The second preset conversion relationship of step A15 is preferably a mapping relationship about the snow type and the correction coefficient. This embodiment can obtain the second correction coefficient from the second preset conversion relationship according to the snow type information by data extraction. The first snow melting heating power of step A131 is preferably the product of the first preliminary heating power, the first correction coefficient and the second correction coefficient. Since the thermal conductivity coefficients of different types of snow are different, i.e., in the case of other conditions being the same, the heat required to melt different types of snow is different. This embodiment is equivalent to considering the influence of the environmental wind speed and the snow type when calculating the snow melting heating power, so it can further improve the accuracy of the first snow melting heating power, thereby further avoiding the situation that the snow cannot be completely removed within the preset snow melting time due to the failure to consider the influence of the environmental wind speed on the snow melting rate. Preferably, the preset snow density of the above-mentioned embodiments is obtained based on the snow type information.

[0042] In some preferred embodiments, the heating assembly 2 is electrically connected with the photovoltaic assembly 1 and an external power supply, and the controller 5 is further configured to control the photovoltaic assembly 1 to supply power to the heating assembly 2 when the actual power generation of the photovoltaic assembly 1 is greater than 0, and the controller 5 is further configured to control the external power supply to supply power to the heating assembly 2 when the actual power generation of the photovoltaic assembly 1 is less than the first snow melting heating power. The external power supply in this embodiment can be a commercial power supply or a power source, and the power source is preferably used to store the power generated by the photovoltaic assembly 1. When the actual power generation of the photovoltaic assembly 1 is less than the first snow melting heating power (the power generation of the photovoltaic assembly 1 cannot meet the demand of the heating assembly 2), this embodiment uses the external power supply to supply power to the heating assembly 2 to ensure the snow melting efficiency. This embodiment is equivalent to using the power generated by the photovoltaic assembly 1 to melt snow when the photovoltaic assembly 1 can generate power and the snow melting efficiency is ensured, so this embodiment can effectively reduce the demand for external energy when the photovoltaic assembly snow melting system is working, that is, this embodiment can effectively reduce the power supply of the external power supply during the snow melting process, thereby effectively reducing the snow melting cost. It should be understood that when the actual power generation of the photovoltaic assembly 1 is greater than 0 and the actual power generation of the photovoltaic assembly 1 is greater than or equal to the first snow melting heating power, this embodiment only uses the photovoltaic assembly 1 to supply power to the heating assembly 2.

[0043] In some preferred embodiments, when the actual power generation of the photovoltaic assembly 1 is greater than 0, the process of controlling the photovoltaic assembly 1 to supply power to the heating assembly 2 includes: controlling the photovoltaic assembly 1 to supply power to the heating assembly 2 when the actual power generation of the photovoltaic assembly 1 is greater than 0 and the fluctuation frequency of the actual power generation is less than a preset frequency.

[0044] The specific process of obtaining the fluctuation frequency of the actual power generation in this embodiment can be: obtaining the change amplitude of the actual power generation within a preset time window; and calculating the fluctuation frequency of the actual power generation based on the change amplitude of the actual power generation. Since the light intensity has natural fluctuation, and the light intensity directly affects the power generation of the photovoltaic assembly 1, if the light intensity fluctuates frequently, the heating assembly 2 needs to frequently switch between the three power supply modes of being supplied by the photovoltaic assembly 1 only, being supplied by the photovoltaic assembly 1 and the external power supply in parallel, and being supplied by the external power supply only, and only when the actual power generation of the photovoltaic assembly 1 is greater than 0 and the fluctuation frequency of the actual power generation is less than a preset frequency, this embodiment controls the photovoltaic assembly 1 to supply power to the heating assembly 2, so this embodiment can effectively reduce the situation that the power supply stability of the heating assembly 2 is affected due to the frequent fluctuation of the power generation of the photovoltaic assembly 1.

[0045] In some preferred embodiments, the heating assembly 2 comprises a plurality of heating units, the photovoltaic assembly 1 is divided into a plurality of heating areas, each heating area corresponds to at least one heating unit, and the process of controlling the heating assembly 2 to heat the photovoltaic assembly 1 according to the first snow parameter information comprises: B1, obtaining the second snow parameter information corresponding to each heating area according to the first snow parameter information, the second snow parameter information comprising a second snow thickness and a second snow coverage area; B2, calculating the second snow melting heating power corresponding to each heating area according to the second snow thickness, the second snow coverage area and a preset snow melting time length; B3, controlling the corresponding heating unit to heat the photovoltaic assembly 1 according to the second snow melting heating power.

[0046] The second snow thickness of this embodiment is preferably the average thickness of the snow in the heating area, and the first snow parameter information of this embodiment is equivalent to the set of all second snow parameter information. The principle of calculating the second snow melting heating power in step B2 is the same as that of calculating the first snow melting heating power in the above-mentioned embodiment, which will not be discussed in detail here. This embodiment is equivalent to realizing the snow removal by partitioning the photovoltaic assembly 1 into a plurality of areas and configuring corresponding heating units for each heating area, so this embodiment can effectively avoid the situation that the area with less snow on the photovoltaic assembly 1 is still heated after the snow is removed due to the overall heating of the photovoltaic assembly 1, thereby effectively reducing the energy consumption of the photovoltaic assembly snow removal system for snow removal operation, and further effectively reducing the snow removal cost of the photovoltaic assembly snow removal system.

[0047] In some preferred embodiments, step B2 comprises: B21, calculating the second preliminary heating power corresponding to each heating area according to the second snow thickness, the second snow coverage area and the preset snow melting time length; B22, predicting the accumulation area of the snowmelt water on the photovoltaic assembly 1 based on the inclination angle of the photovoltaic assembly 1; B23, selecting any heating area; B24, analyzing whether the selected heating area intersects with the accumulation area, if yes, calculating the second snow melting heating power corresponding to the selected heating area according to the preset third correction coefficient and the second preliminary heating power corresponding to the selected heating area, if no, taking the second preliminary heating power as the second snow melting heating power corresponding to the selected heating area, and the third correction coefficient is greater than 1; B25, analyzing whether there is any heating area that has not been selected, if yes, selecting any heating area that has not been selected, and returning to step B24, if no, executing step B3.

[0048] Since the photovoltaic module 1 is usually arranged to be inclined in order to maximize the absorption efficiency of the photovoltaic module 1 to the solar energy, the snowmelt water formed after the snow melts will flow along the photovoltaic module 1 and form a convergence area on the photovoltaic module 1, so when the heating assembly 2 stops heating (there is no snow on the photovoltaic module 1), the snowmelt water in the convergence area may re-freeze and affect the power generation of the photovoltaic module 1, at which time the photovoltaic module 1 needs to be heated again using the heating assembly 2. Since the present application can predict the convergence area of the snowmelt water formed after the snow melts on the photovoltaic module 1 based on the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module 1, and calculate the second snowmelt heating power corresponding to the selected heating area according to the third correction coefficient and the second preliminary heating power corresponding to the selected heating area, and the third correction coefficient is greater than 0, this embodiment is equivalent to increasing the heating power of the heating assembly 2 in the heating area intersecting with the convergence area to remove the snowmelt water in the convergence area as much as possible, thereby reducing the situation that the snowmelt water in the convergence area freezes after the heating assembly 2 stops heating and needs to be heated again using the heating assembly 2 to heat the photovoltaic module 1 as much as possible, thereby effectively reducing the energy consumption and snow removal cost of the photovoltaic module snow removal system.

[0049] In some preferred embodiments, step B22 comprises: B221, predicting the flow trajectory of the snowmelt water formed after the snow melts on the photovoltaic module 1 based on the principle of fluid mechanics and the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module 1, and constructing the convergence area according to the preset region size with the endpoint of the flow trajectory as the center.

[0050] Step B221 can use a hydrodynamic model (for example, a hydrodynamic model using the Navier-Stokes equation) constructed based on the principle of fluid mechanics to predict the flow trajectory of the snowmelt water formed after the snow melts on the photovoltaic module 1 according to the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module 1. The preset region size of this embodiment can include a preset region shape and a preset region size, and this embodiment constructs the convergence area according to the preset region size with the endpoint of the flow trajectory as the center, which is equivalent to constructing a region with the shape of the preset region shape and the size of the preset region size as the convergence area with the endpoint of the flow trajectory as the center, for example, the preset region size is a circular shape with a radius of 3 cm, and the convergence area is a circular area with the endpoint of the flow trajectory as the center and a radius of 3 cm.

[0051] From the above, the application provides a photovoltaic module snow removal system, which can analyze whether there is snow on the photovoltaic module 1 through the cooperation of the heating assembly 2, the temperature acquisition assembly 3 and the image acquisition assembly 4, and melt the snow on the photovoltaic module 1 through the heating of the photovoltaic module 1 by the heating assembly 2, that is, the application can realize the function of automatic snow melting, so the application does not need to use the two ways of manual snow removal and snow removal by using a mechanical snow sweeping device to solve the snow problem of the photovoltaic module 1, thereby effectively solving the problems of low snow removal efficiency, high labor cost and high time cost of manual snow removal and the problem of damage to the front of the photovoltaic module 1 due to the direct contact of the mechanical snow sweeping device with the front of the photovoltaic module 1 in the snow removal process, so as to ensure the long-term stable operation of the photovoltaic module 1.

[0052] In a second aspect, as Figure 3 The application also provides a photovoltaic module snow removal method for removing snow from a photovoltaic module 1, which is applied to the photovoltaic module snow removal system provided in the first aspect, and comprises the following steps: S1, when the actual power generation of the photovoltaic module 1 is less than or equal to a first preset threshold and the meteorological prediction data indicates that there is snowfall, or the actual power generation of the photovoltaic module 1 is less than or equal to the first preset threshold and the environmental temperature information, acquiring image information containing the photovoltaic module 1 by using the image acquisition assembly 4; S2, analyzing whether there is snow on the photovoltaic module 1 according to the image information, if yes, obtaining first snow parameter information, and controlling the heating assembly 2 to heat the photovoltaic module 1 according to the first snow parameter information until there is no snow on the photovoltaic module 1.

[0053] The photovoltaic module snow removal method provided by the application is applied to the photovoltaic module snow removal system provided in the first aspect, and the principle of the photovoltaic module snow removal method provided in this embodiment is the same as that of the photovoltaic module snow removal system provided in the first aspect, which will not be discussed in detail here.

[0054] From the above, the application provides a photovoltaic module snow removal system and method, which can analyze whether there is snow on the photovoltaic module 1 through the cooperation of the heating assembly 2, the temperature acquisition assembly 3 and the image acquisition assembly 4, and melt the snow on the photovoltaic module 1 through the heating of the photovoltaic module 1 by the heating assembly 2, that is, the application can realize the function of automatic snow melting, so the application does not need to use the two ways of manual snow removal and snow removal by using a mechanical snow sweeping device to solve the snow problem of the photovoltaic module 1, thereby effectively solving the problems of low snow removal efficiency, high labor cost and high time cost of manual snow removal and the problem of damage to the front of the photovoltaic module 1 due to the direct contact of the mechanical snow sweeping device with the front of the photovoltaic module 1 in the snow removal process, so as to ensure the long-term stable operation of the photovoltaic module 1.

[0055] In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second and the like are used only to differentiate one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

[0056] The above merely provides an embodiment of the present application, but is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A snow removal system for photovoltaic modules for removing snow from photovoltaic modules, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module snow removal system comprises: a heating assembly arranged on the photovoltaic module; a temperature acquisition assembly configured to acquire environmental temperature information; an image acquisition assembly; a controller configured to acquire image information containing the photovoltaic module by using the image acquisition assembly when the actual power generation of the photovoltaic module is less than or equal to a first preset threshold and meteorological prediction data indicates that there is snowfall or the actual power generation of the photovoltaic module is less than or equal to the first preset threshold and the environmental temperature information is less than or equal to a second preset threshold, and configured to analyze whether there is snow on the photovoltaic module according to the image information, and if so, obtain first snow parameter information, and control the heating assembly to heat the photovoltaic module according to the first snow parameter information until there is no snow on the photovoltaic module.

2. The photovoltaic module snow removal system of claim 1, wherein, The first snow parameter information comprises a first snow thickness and a first snow coverage area, and the process of controlling the heating assembly to heat the photovoltaic module according to the first snow parameter information comprises: A1. calculating a first snow melting heating power according to the first snow thickness, the first snow coverage area and a preset snow melting time length; A2. controlling the heating assembly to heat the photovoltaic module according to the first snow melting heating power.

3. The photovoltaic module snow removal system of claim 2, wherein, Step A1 comprises: A11. calculating a first preliminary heating power according to the first snow thickness, the first snow coverage area and a preset snow melting time length; A12. obtaining a first correction coefficient according to environmental wind speed information and a first preset conversion relationship; A13. calculating a first snow melting heating power according to the first preliminary heating power and the first correction coefficient.

4. The photovoltaic module snow removal system of claim 3, wherein, Step A1 further comprises a step executed between step A12 and step A13: A14. obtaining snow spectrum reflectivity information according to the image information, and then inputting the snow spectrum reflectivity information into a pre-trained snow classification model to obtain snow type information; A15. obtaining a second correction coefficient according to the snow type information and a second preset conversion relationship; Step A13 comprises: A131. calculating a first snow melting heating power according to the first preliminary heating power, the first correction coefficient and the second correction coefficient.

5. The photovoltaic module snow removal system of claim 2, wherein, The heating assembly is electrically connected with the photovoltaic module and an external power supply, the controller is further configured to control the photovoltaic module to supply power to the heating assembly when the actual power generation of the photovoltaic module is greater than 0, and the controller is further configured to control the external power supply to supply power to the heating assembly when the actual power generation of the photovoltaic module is less than the first snow melting heating power.

6. The photovoltaic module snow removal system of claim 5, wherein, The process of controlling the photovoltaic module to supply power to the heating assembly when the actual power generation of the photovoltaic module is greater than 0 comprises: controlling the photovoltaic module to supply power to the heating assembly when the actual power generation of the photovoltaic module is greater than 0 and the fluctuation frequency of the actual power generation is less than a preset frequency.

7. The photovoltaic module snow removal system of claim 1, wherein, The heating assembly comprises a plurality of heating units, the photovoltaic assembly is divided into a plurality of heating areas, each heating area corresponds to at least one heating unit, and the process of controlling the heating assembly to heat the photovoltaic assembly according to the first snow parameter information comprises: B1, obtaining second snow parameter information corresponding to each heating area according to the first snow parameter information, the second snow parameter information comprising second snow thickness and second snow coverage area; B2, calculating second snow melting heating power corresponding to each heating area according to the second snow thickness, the second snow coverage area and a preset snow melting time length; B3, controlling the corresponding heating unit to heat the photovoltaic assembly according to the second snow melting heating power.

8. The photovoltaic module snow removal system of claim 7, wherein, Step B2 comprises: B21, calculating second preliminary heating power corresponding to each heating area according to the second snow thickness, the second snow coverage area and a preset snow melting time length; B22, predicting a water gathering area of snow melt water on the photovoltaic assembly based on the inclination angle of the photovoltaic assembly; B23, selecting any heating area; B24, analyzing whether the selected heating area intersects with the water gathering area, if yes, calculating second snow melting heating power corresponding to the selected heating area according to a preset third correction coefficient and second preliminary heating power corresponding to the selected heating area, if no, taking the second preliminary heating power as the second snow melting heating power corresponding to the selected heating area, the third correction coefficient being greater than 1; B25, analyzing whether there is any unselected heating area, if yes, selecting any unselected heating area and returning to step B24, if no, executing step B3.

9. The photovoltaic module snow removal system of claim 8, wherein, Step B22 comprises: B221, predicting a flow trajectory of snow melt water on the photovoltaic assembly based on the inclination angle of the photovoltaic assembly and the principle of fluid mechanics, and constructing the water gathering area according to a preset area size and the endpoint of the flow trajectory as the center.

10. A method for snow removal from a photovoltaic module for snow removal from a photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The photovoltaic assembly snow removal method is applied to the photovoltaic assembly snow removal system of any one of claims 1-9, and the photovoltaic assembly snow removal method comprises the following steps: S1, when the actual power generation of the photovoltaic assembly is less than or equal to a first preset threshold and the meteorological prediction data indicates that there is snowfall, or the actual power generation of the photovoltaic assembly is less than or equal to a first preset threshold and the environmental temperature information, acquiring image information containing the photovoltaic assembly by using the image acquisition assembly; S2, analyzing whether there is snow on the photovoltaic assembly according to the image information, if yes, obtaining first snow parameter information, and controlling the heating assembly to heat the photovoltaic assembly according to the first snow parameter information until there is no snow on the photovoltaic assembly.

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