Construction method of mountain-water-forest-medicine four-in-one medicinal plant composite ecological system

Abstract

The invention discloses a construction method of a mountain-water-forest-medicine four-in-one medicinal plant composite ecosystem, and belongs to the technical field of plant planting, the method comprises the following steps: S1, dividing a mountain conservation area, a water body circulation area, a forest planting area and a herbal medicine cultivation area; s2, implementing a water and soil conservation project and constructing a water circulation system; s3, arbor and under-forest vegetation are planted in the forest planting area in a mixed mode, and a composite forest crown with the canopy density being 0.6-0.7 and the forest window proportion being 10-15% is formed; s4, a herbal medicine community is constructed, and medicinal plants are planted in a suitable space; s5, maintaining the system, and introducing beneficial organisms to promote the stability of the system. According to the method, mountains, water, forests and medicines are integrated into a synergistic and symbiotic organic whole, water and soil loss is controlled from the source, water resource circulation is achieved, the growth environment of the medicinal materials is directionally regulated and controlled by constructing three functional subsystems of root promoting, quality improving and disease preventing, and the yield and quality of the medicinal materials are remarkably improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for constructing a four-in-one medicinal plant composite ecosystem of mountains, water, forests and herbs. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increasing demand for safety and sustainability of Chinese herbal medicine production, the traditional single and high-input farmland planting mode has been difficult to meet the demand. Therefore, the prior art has disclosed various methods for cultivating medicinal plants in mountainous or forested areas.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent document CN202410597130.1 discloses a method for constructing an ecological system composed of mountains, water, forests and herbs. It includes site selection, site treatment, ridging, fertilization, seed selection, sowing, irrigation and weeding. It has the advantages of forming a new ecological system for planting herbs by combining mountainous and forested land, reasonably utilizing limited land resources, and expanding herb planting without damaging the original environment, thereby improving economic output without occupying arable land area, and having promotional value. However, this prior art solution is a single-targeted farming activity for herb production in a pre-set, static "forest land" environment, and its focus is on the agronomic management of the planting process itself, rather than the planning of the entire ecological system. Moreover, in the prevention and control of pests and diseases, it still relies on the spraying of chemical fungicides and insecticides. SUMMARY

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a method for constructing a four-in-one medicinal plant composite ecosystem of mountains, water, forests and herbs, comprising the following steps: S1, site planning: according to the topography and hydrological conditions of the target area, the target area is divided into mountain conservation area, water circulation area, forest planting area and herb cultivation area; S2, mountain and water base construction: water and soil conservation engineering is implemented in the mountain conservation area, and streams, ponds or wetlands are constructed or restored in the water circulation area for irrigation; in daily maintenance, its transpiration can meet the needs, and if drought is serious, artificial water pumping irrigation can be selected; S3, forest community construction: in the forest planting area, mixed planting of trees and understory vegetation is carried out to form a composite forest community; S4, herb community construction: medicinal plants are planted in the herb cultivation area and the understory and edge space of the composite forest community; S5, system maintenance and succession promotion: pollinating insects (such as bees, beetles, etc.), birds (such as tits, sparrows, etc.) are introduced to promote the positive succession and functional stability of the ecological system.

[0005] Preferably, in step S1, the mountain conservation area is located at the highest point of the system or the core slope; the water circulation area is located at the foot of the mountain, in the valley and / or on the low-lying water catchment line; the forest planting area surrounds, encloses and / or intersperses between the mountain conservation area and the water circulation area; and the herbal medicine cultivation area is embedded in the mountain conservation area, the water circulation area and the forest planting area.

[0006] Preferably, in step S2, the specific method for implementing soil and water conservation engineering in the mountain conservation area is as follows: (1) Terrain modification: Excavate fish-scale pits or horizontal terraces along the contour lines of the mountain to form rainwater in-situ storage and infiltration units; (2) Vegetation restoration: Plant deep-rooted shrubs as the framework (such as sea buckthorn, caragana, etc.), and mix herbaceous plants (such as ryegrass, tall fescue, etc.) with green manure plants (such as alfalfa, clover, etc.) to quickly cover the ground surface; (3) Diversion: Ditches are constructed in the middle and lower parts of the hillside to divert surface runoff and avoid erosion and damage to the terrain and vegetation.

[0007] Preferably, a subsystem is constructed with the goal of promoting the root development of medicinal plants: in step S4, the herb is any one or a combination of Astragalus membranaceus, Saposhnikovia divaricata, Polygonatum sibiricum, or Paris polyphylla. In step S3, within the composite forest community: The tree species is one or more of the following: Scots pine, Quercus acutissima, and walnut; The understory vegetation consists of one or more of the following: hazelnut, dogwood, lespedeza, and caragana; the decomposition of forest litter and root exudates are used to improve soil structure and promote the root development of medicinal plants.

[0008] Preferably, a subsystem is constructed with the goal of increasing the content of secondary metabolites of medicinal plants: in step S4, the herb is any one or a combination of Forsythia suspensa, Lonicera japonica, or Schisandra chinensis. In step S3, within the composite forest community: The tree in question is a spruce; The understory vegetation consists of one or more of the following: privet, cornelian cherry, gardenia, wolfberry, and elderberry. By utilizing the moderate shade environment and allelopathic effects created by the aforementioned trees, the synthesis of secondary metabolites of medicinal plants can be stimulated.

[0009] Preferably, a subsystem is constructed with the goal of ecological control of pests and diseases: in step S4, the herb is any one or a combination of Astragalus membranaceus, Scutellaria baicalensis, or Saposhnikovia divaricata. In step S3, within the composite forest community: The tree species mentioned are one or more of juniper, ailanthus, and chinaberry; The understory vegetation is one or more of oleander, oil tea, chrysanthemum, marigold, and mugwort; volatile or secreted substances thereof are used to repel or inhibit pests and diseases.

[0010] Preferably, the tree canopy density is 0.6-0.7, and the forest gap area accounts for 10%-15%.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present application provides a construction method of a mountain-water-forest-medicine four-in-one medicinal plant composite ecosystem, which integrates mountains, water, forests and medicines into an organic whole of synergistic symbiosis, not only controls water and soil loss from the source and realizes water resource circulation, but also constructs three functional subsystems of root promotion, quality increase and disease prevention, directionally regulates the growth environment of medicinal materials, significantly improves the yield and quality of medicinal materials, and realizes ecological production with almost zero chemical pesticides, solving the technical problems of ecological fragility, unstable quality and dependence on pesticides in the traditional mode.

[0012] 2. The present application provides a construction method of a mountain-water-forest-medicine four-in-one medicinal plant composite ecosystem, which upgrades the traditional scattered forest and medicine planting into a complete ecological system including mountain conservation, water circulation, forest planting and herb cultivation, the mountain conservation area controls water and soil loss from the source, the water circulation area realizes purification and recycling of water resources, the forest planting area creates a stable growth environment, and together with the herb cultivation area, establishes a natural ecological environment, the functional areas interact with each other, realizes the virtuous cycle of "protecting production by ecology and promoting ecology by production", and fundamentally solves the problems of single ecological function and system fragility in the prior art.

[0013] 3. The present application combines forest trees with specific functions and target herbs, which can directionally regulate the growth environment of medicinal plants and construct different subsystems: (1) Construct a subsystem aiming at promoting the root development of medicinal plants: The root system of deep-rooted trees such as Pinus sylvestris and Quercus acutissima can penetrate the plough pan and play the role of biological deep tillage, and its litter such as pine needles and oak leaves decomposes slowly to form a loose, breathable and well-drained acid humus layer, which provides an indispensable space and substrate environment for the main root of Astragalus membranaceus, the rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum and the tuber of Paris polyphylla, effectively avoiding root malformation and poor development caused by soil compaction. Leguminous shrubs such as Huizhizi and Caragana as green manure factories continuously input available nitrogen into the soil through biological nitrogen fixation, and their fine and dense root systems and rich litter can quickly improve the organic matter content of surface soil, providing stable, slow-release and balanced nitrogen source and organic nutrients for rhizome-type medicinal materials with high fertilizer demand, significantly promoting the accumulation of root biomass, and avoiding the risk of soil acidification and excessive nitrate content in medicinal materials caused by chemical fertilizer application.

[0014] (2) Constructing a subsystem aimed at improving the content of secondary metabolites of medicinal plants: The canopy formed by spruce can control the understory light intensity at 30%-60% of full light. For light-loving but shade-tolerant medicinal materials such as forsythia and honeysuckle, due to the stress of light competition, the plants allocate more photosynthetic products and metabolic resources to flowering, fruiting, and secondary defense metabolism rather than vegetative growth, thereby effectively increasing fruit yield and the concentration of active ingredients such as forsythia ester glycosides and chlorogenic acid in flowers. The volatile terpenes released by spruce can stimulate the defense response of herbs to varying degrees, significantly up-regulating the activity of key enzymes in the secondary metabolic pathway, thereby synthesizing a large amount of flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, and other active ingredients. At the same time, this forest community can effectively reduce the scorching heat in summer and reduce water transpiration, making the environmental temperature and humidity more stable, reducing the damage to medicinal materials caused by high temperature and drought, and helping the synthesis and accumulation of active ingredients in medicinal materials.

[0015] (3) Constructing a subsystem aimed at ecological prevention and control of pests and diseases: High trees such as juniper and Chinese parasol form the upper layer, shrubs such as oleander and zedoary form the middle and lower layers, and herbs such as chrysanthemum and marigold form the near-ground layer, forming a multi-layer insect-repelling gas barrier that can effectively repel or inhibit a variety of pests. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 Implementation effect diagram of the subsystem constructed for Example 1 aimed at promoting the root development of medicinal plants; Figure 2 Implementation effect diagram of the subsystem constructed for Example 3 aimed at ecological prevention and control of pests and diseases; Figure 3 Picture of the understory soil after three years of implementation of Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] Example 1 A method for constructing a mountain-water-forest-medicine four-in-one medicinal plant composite ecosystem, comprising the following steps: S1, site planning: according to the topography and hydrological conditions of the target area, the target area is divided into mountain conservation area, water circulation area, forest planting area and herb cultivation area; S2, mountain and water foundation construction: water and soil conservation engineering is implemented in the mountain conservation area, and streams, ponds or wetlands are constructed or restored in the water circulation area; S3, forest community construction: in the forest planting area, mixed planting of trees and understory vegetation is carried out to form a composite forest community; S4, herb community construction: in the herb cultivation area and the understory and edge space of the composite forest community, medicinal plants are planted; S5, system maintenance and succession promotion: introduce pollinators, birds, promote positive succession of the ecosystem and functional stability.

[0018] Preferably, in step S1, the mountain conservation area is located at the highest point of the system or the core slope; the water circulation area is located at the foot of the mountain, in the valley and on the low land of the catchment line; the forest planting area is surrounded, surrounded and inserted between the mountain conservation area and the water circulation area; the herbal medicine cultivation area is embedded in the mountain conservation area, the water circulation area, the forest planting area.

[0019] Preferably, in step S2, the specific method of soil and water conservation engineering in the mountain conservation area is: (1) Topographic modification: excavate fish scale pits or horizontal steps along the contour line of the mountain to form a rainwater infiltration unit; (2) Vegetation restoration: plant deep-rooted shrubs as a framework, and mix and sow herbaceous and green manure plants to quickly cover the ground; (3) Flow guide: build a ditch in the middle and lower part of the slope for the diversion of surface runoff to avoid erosion and damage to the terrain and vegetation.

[0020] Preferably, a subsystem is constructed to promote the development of medicinal plant root systems ( Figure 1 ): in step S4, the herb is Astragalus membranaceus; In step S3, in the compound forest community: The tree is Pinus sylvestris; The understory vegetation is Cornus officinalis and Lespedeza; The decomposition of forest litter and root exudates improve soil structure and promote the development of medicinal plant root systems.

[0021] Preferably, the tree canopy density is 0.6 and the forest gap area accounts for 10%.

[0022] Example 2 A method for constructing a mountain-water-forest-herbal medicine four-in-one medicinal plant composite ecosystem, comprising the following steps: S1, site planning: according to the topography and hydrological conditions of the target area, the target area is divided into mountain conservation area, water circulation area, forest planting area and herbal medicine cultivation area; S2, mountain and water base construction: implement soil and water conservation engineering in the mountain conservation area, and construct or restore streams, ponds or wetlands in the water circulation area; S3, forest community construction: in the forest planting area, mixed planting of trees and understory vegetation forms a compound forest community; S4, herbal medicine community construction: in the herbal medicine cultivation area and the understory and edge space of the compound forest community, plant medicinal plants; S5, system maintenance and succession promotion: introduce pollinators, birds and soil microorganisms to promote positive succession and functional stability of the ecosystem.

[0023] Preferably, in step S1, the mountain conservation area is located at the highest point of the system or the core slope; the water circulation area is located at the foot of the mountain, in the valley and on the low catchment line; the forest planting area is surrounded, surrounded and inserted between the mountain conservation area and the water circulation area; the herbal medicine cultivation area is embedded in the mountain conservation area, the water circulation area, the forest planting area.

[0024] Preferably, in step S2, the specific method of soil and water conservation engineering in the mountain conservation area is: (1) Topographic modification: excavate fish scale pits or horizontal steps along the contour line of the mountain to form a rainwater infiltration unit; (2) Vegetation restoration: plant deep-rooted shrubs as a framework, and mix and sow herbaceous and green manure plants to quickly cover the ground; (3) Flow guide: build a ditch in the middle and lower part of the slope for the diversion of surface runoff to avoid erosion and damage to the terrain and vegetation.

[0025] Preferably, a subsystem is constructed to improve the content of secondary metabolites of medicinal plants: in step S4, the herbal medicine is Forsythia, honeysuckle, Schisandra; In step S3, in the compound forest community: The tree is Picea; The understory vegetation is Ligustrum lucidum, Cornus officinalis, Gardenia, Lycium chinense, and Cornus officinalis; The moderate shading environment and allelopathy formed by the forest stimulate the synthesis of secondary metabolites of medicinal plants.

[0026] Preferably, the tree has a canopy density of 0.7 and a forest window area ratio of 15%.

[0027] Example 3 A method for constructing a mountain-water-forest-herbal medicine four-in-one medicinal plant composite ecosystem, comprising the following steps: S1, site planning: according to the topography and hydrology of the target area, the target area is divided into mountain conservation area, water circulation area, forest planting area and herbal medicine cultivation area; S2, mountain and water base construction: implement soil and water conservation engineering in the mountain conservation area, and construct or restore streams, ponds or wetlands in the water circulation area; S3, forest community construction: in the forest planting area, mixed planting of trees and understory vegetation forms a compound forest community; S4, herbal medicine community construction: in the herbal medicine cultivation area and the understory and edge space of the compound forest community, plant medicinal plants; S5, system maintenance and succession promotion: introduce pollinators, birds, promote positive succession of the ecosystem and functional stability.

[0028] Preferably, in step S1, the mountain conservation area is located at the highest point of the system or the core slope; the water circulation area is located at the foot of the mountain, in the valley and on the low land of the catchment line; the forest planting area is surrounded, surrounded and inserted between the mountain conservation area and the water circulation area; the herbal medicine cultivation area is embedded in the mountain conservation area, the water circulation area, the forest planting area.

[0029] Preferably, in step S2, the specific method of soil and water conservation engineering in the mountain conservation area is: (1) Topographic modification: excavate fish scale pits or horizontal steps along the contour line of the mountain to form a rainwater infiltration unit; (2) Vegetation restoration: plant deep-rooted shrubs as a framework, and mix-broadcast herbaceous and green manure plants to quickly cover the ground surface; (3) Diversion: build a ditch in the middle and lower part of the slope for the diversion of surface runoff to avoid erosion and damage to the terrain and vegetation.

[0030] Preferably, a subsystem for ecological prevention and control of pests and diseases is constructed ( Figure 2 ): in step S4, the herbal medicine is Fang Feng; In step S3, in the compound forest community: The arbor is Du Song; The understory vegetation is Olea europaea, Camellia oleifera, Pyrethrum, Tagetes erecta, Artemisia argyi and Nicotiana sylvestris; the volatile or secreted substances are used to repel or inhibit pests and diseases.

[0031] Preferably, the arbor has a canopy density of 0.65 and a forest window area ratio of 13%.

[0032] Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that a traditional single medicinal material field planting mode is adopted: a flat farmland adjacent to the area of Example 1 and having similar conditions is selected, conventional field cultivation is adopted, single Radix Astragali is planted, and conventional watering, fertilization and pesticide killing are used for management and protection.

[0033] Comparative Example 2 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that a piece of pure forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata is selected, and Radix Astragali is planted in the forest, and only simple weeding is carried out at the initial stage of medicinal material planting, and watering is carried out in the later period.

[0034] Experimental Part In Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, 1 hectare of experimental area is taken respectively from the system construction completion (or planting begins), and tracking monitoring and data collection are carried out for 3 years, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0035] Table 1: Comparison of comprehensive effects of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 (three-year average)

[0036] As can be seen from Table 1, the per mu yield of Huangqi in Example 1 (188 kg) is slightly lower than that in the field mode of Comparative Example 1 (177 kg), but the present application relies on natural regulation and does not require investment in manpower, thereby saving a large amount of cost. Moreover, the per mu yield of Huangqi in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 is significantly higher than that in the simple under-forest mode of Comparative Example 2 (93 kg), and the effect is significant. Notably, the yield variation coefficient of Example 1 is the smallest, indicating that its production performance is the most stable and is less affected by climate interannual fluctuations. The yield of Comparative Example 2 is the lowest and the variation is the largest, proving that simple under-forest planting is high-risk and uncontrollable.

[0037] In the Huangqi produced in Example 1, the content of calycosin glycoside reaches 0.082%, which is higher than that in the field planting of Comparative Example 1 and the simple under-forest planting of Comparative Example 2. The present application can directionally stimulate and promote the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites of medicinal plants through the natural environment created by the present application, which cannot be achieved by conventional planting modes.

[0038] The root rot incidence of Example 1 is only 2.8%, which is significantly reduced compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, which may be due to the excellent ventilation and suitable humidity provided by the forest canopy structure of the present application, the destruction of the pathogen breeding environment, the formation of a biological barrier of healthy soil and beneficial microbial community, and the natural control of biological diversity in the system on pests and diseases.

[0039] The soil organic matter content (28.5 g / kg) of Example 1 is significantly improved within three years, which is much higher than that in the field and also higher than that in the simple under-forest mode, proving the effectiveness of the tree litter, green manure plants and nutrient cycling in the system, and realizing the sustainable production of land and soil combination, Figure 3 The under-forest soil picture after three years of implementation is shown in FIG. 2, and it can be seen from FIG. 2 that the soil is yellowish brown, loose and free of clumping, and there are many plant root systems inside. It can also be seen that the soil organic matter content is high, which is suitable for plant growth. Figure 3

[0040] In the dry season, the medicinal materials planted in Example 1 only show slight and reversible wilting, showing strong water conservation and regulation ability, which is due to the natural regulation effect of the mountain-water-forest structure of the present application. Comparative Examples 1 and 2 completely rely on irrigation, and Comparative Example 1 shows acceptable stress resistance, while Comparative Example 2 may be due to the competition for water by trees, which aggravates the drought stress, and the effect is poor.​

Claims

1. A method for constructing a four-in-one medicinal plant complex ecosystem integrating mountains, water, forests, and medicinal herbs, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Site planning: Divide the target area into a mountain conservation area, a water circulation area, a forest planting area, and a medicinal herb cultivation area; S2. Construction of mountain and water base: Implement soil and water conservation projects in the mountain conservation area, and construct or restore streams, ponds or wetlands in the water circulation area; S3. Forest community construction: In the forest planting area, trees and understory vegetation are mixed and planted to form a composite forest community; S4. Construction of medicinal plant communities: Medicinal plants are planted in the understory and forest edge spaces of the medicinal plant cultivation area and the composite forest community; S5. Systemic Maintenance and Succession Promotion: Introduce pollinating insects and birds to promote positive ecosystem succession and functional stability.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the mountain conservation area is located at the highest point of the system or the core slope; the water circulation area is located at the foot of the mountain, in the valley and / or on the low-lying water catchment line; the forest planting area surrounds, encloses and / or intersperses between the mountain conservation area and the water circulation area; the herbal medicine cultivation area is embedded in the mountain conservation area, the water circulation area and the forest planting area.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the specific method for implementing soil and water conservation projects in the mountain conservation area is as follows: (1) Terrain modification: Excavate fish-scale pits or horizontal terraces along the contour lines of the mountain to form rainwater in-situ storage and infiltration units; (2) Vegetation restoration: Plant deep-rooted shrubs as the framework, and mix herbaceous plants and green manure plants to quickly cover the ground surface; (3) Diversion: Ditches are constructed in the middle and lower parts of the hillside to divert surface runoff.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Constructing a subsystem aimed at promoting the root development of medicinal plants: In step S4, the herb is any one or a combination of Astragalus membranaceus, Saposhnikovia divaricata, Polygonatum sibiricum, or Paris polyphylla. In step S3, within the composite forest community: The tree species is one or more of the following: Scots pine, Quercus acutissima, and walnut; The understory vegetation consists of one or more of the following: hazelnut, dogwood, lespedeza, and caragana.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Construct a subsystem aimed at increasing the content of secondary metabolites of medicinal plants: In step S4, the herb is any one or a combination of Forsythia suspensa, Lonicera japonica, or Schisandra chinensis. In step S3, within the composite forest community: The tree in question is a spruce; The understory vegetation consists of one or more of the following: privet, dogwood, gardenia, wolfberry, and elderberry.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Construct a subsystem with the goal of ecological control of pests and diseases: In step S4, the herb is any one or a combination of Astragalus membranaceus, Scutellaria baicalensis, or Saposhnikovia divaricata. In step S3, within the composite forest community: The tree species mentioned are one or more of juniper, ailanthus, and chinaberry; The understory vegetation consists of one or more of the following: oleander, camellia oleifera, pyrethrum, marigold, artemisia, and rue.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The canopy closure of the trees is 0.6-0.7, and the area of ​​the gaps between the trees is 10%-15%.

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