Beef cattle breeding method in summer high-temperature environment

Abstract

The invention discloses a beef cattle breeding method in a summer high-temperature environment, and relates to the technical field of cattle breeding. The breeding method comprises the steps that heat-insulation and dehumidification fermentation bed padding is laid in a cowshed from June to September every year, compound feed is adopted to replace traditional feed for feeding, and spraying liquid is adopted to spray cows when the air temperature is larger than or equal to 35 DEG C; wherein the heat insulation and dehumidification fermentation bed padding comprises a bottom layer padding, a middle layer padding and a surface layer padding, the bottom layer padding is modified rice husks, the middle layer padding is a mixture of the modified rice husks, perlite, a fermentation substrate and salt, and the surface layer padding is a fermentation substrate. By optimizing the fermentation bed padding and feeding feed formula and improving the spraying method, the occurrence of cattle heat stress in the summer high-temperature season is reduced, the negative influence caused by the cattle heat stress is prevented, and the beef cattle can still maintain high production efficiency in the summer high-temperature environment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of cattle breeding, and particularly relates to a beef cattle breeding method in a high-temperature environment in summer. BACKGROUND

[0002] The southern region of China is of a hot and humid climate type, and the air temperature is high and the relative humidity is large in summer. The highest temperature in July can reach 35-38 DEG C, and the relative humidity in the hottest month can be as high as 80-90%. This continuous hot and humid weather can cause the cattle to have difficulty in heat dissipation, and can easily cause serious heat stress, so that the breathing frequency of the cattle is significantly accelerated, the physical energy is consumed fast, and the feed intake is greatly reduced, thereby causing growth retardation, reduction of daily weight gain, and poor feed conversion, and seriously affecting the production performance and breeding benefit of the beef cattle. Meanwhile, the high temperature and high humidity also provide a breeding ground for pathogenic microorganisms, parasites and mosquitoes and flies, and increase the risk of occurrence of diseases such as hoof disease, cattle parasitic eye disease and digestive system disease; in addition, the humid and hot environment can also cause the concentration of harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the cowshed to increase, and the air quality to deteriorate, further intensifying the stress reaction of the cattle and reducing the immunity. Therefore, how to relieve the heat stress of the cattle and realize the efficient breeding of the beef cattle in the high-temperature environment in summer is a problem to be solved urgently.

[0003] The main methods currently used to alleviate heat stress and solve a series of problems caused by heat stress during beef cattle breeding in a high-temperature environment are as follows: (1) adding additives or traditional Chinese medicines that can alleviate heat stress in the diet, such as the patent CN 118436029 A discloses a feed for relieving heat stress of beef cattle, which adds N-acetyl-L-tryptophan, rumen-spared gamma-aminobutyric acid and chromium propionate in the feed, which can effectively relieve heat stress; the patent CN 119791060 A discloses a method for efficient fattening of beef cattle in summer and autumn in a southern captive mode, which adds fermented material of cooling tea residue and compound traditional Chinese medicine residue in the feed to relieve heat stress; the applicant also added additives in the feed to relieve heat stress in the early stage of research, such as the patent CN 116034940 B discloses a method for rapid fattening of beef cattle in a southern high-humidity and hot area, which adds selenium ore powder, molybdenum ore powder, etc. However, the applicant found that the additives had certain effects, but the dosage was not accurate, or the use time was too long, which would affect the meat quality, and therefore further improvement was needed. (2) Using fans and water mist spraying to cool the material of the cattle, which has the most direct cooling effect, but due to high air humidity, the water mist spraying evaporates slowly, and the heat is removed slowly, so the fan needs to be assisted to achieve good cooling effect, but the use of the fan will increase the workload and cost. (3) Laying fermented bed litter in the cowshed for heat insulation and dehumidification, which has good effect, but the current fermented bed litter is prone to mold in a high-temperature environment, which greatly reduces its use effect, and even has negative effects. In addition, the current beef cattle breeding is mainly extensive feeding, which has poor palatability and low digestibility, and the high-temperature environment makes the cattle gain weight slowly.

[0004] Therefore, the present application provides a method for breeding beef cattle in a high-temperature environment in summer. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a method for breeding beef cattle in a high-temperature environment in summer, which optimizes the fermented bed litter and feed formula, and improves the spraying method, reduces the occurrence of heat stress of cattle in summer, prevents the negative effects caused by heat stress, and enables beef cattle to maintain high production efficiency in a high-temperature environment in summer. The specific technical solutions are as follows: A method for breeding beef cattle in a high-temperature environment in summer, which comprises laying heat-insulating and dehumidifying fermented bed litter in the cowshed from June to September each year, using compound feed instead of traditional feed for feeding, and spraying liquid on the cattle when the air temperature is greater than or equal to 35 DEG C. The heat-insulating and dehumidifying fermentation bed mattress comprises a bottom layer, a middle layer and a surface layer; the bottom layer is modified rice hull; the middle layer is a mixture of modified rice hull, perlite, fermentation substrate and salt, wherein the weight ratio of modified rice hull: perlite: fermentation substrate: salt is (5-8):(2-4):(3-7):0.01; and the surface layer is fermentation substrate. The composite feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300-350 parts of treated cassava dry sheet powder, 20-30 parts of sugarcane molasses, 100-180 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves and 150-200 parts of elephant grass.

[0006] Further, the bottom layer has a laying thickness of 10-15 cm, the middle layer has a laying thickness of 20-30 cm, and the surface layer has a laying thickness of 5-10 cm.

[0007] Further, the modified rice hull is prepared by the following method: first, the rice hull is heated to 250-350℃ under anoxic condition, and then kept warm for 30-50 min, and then naturally cooled; then, the cooled rice hull is mixed with corn powder accounting for 5-8% of the weight of the rice hull, and water is added to adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 50-60%; then, Bacillus subtilis accounting for 1-3% of the weight of the mixture is inoculated, and the mixture is stacked and fermented for 10-15 days, and then dried to a moisture content of 15-20%, thereby obtaining the modified rice hull.

[0008] Further, the fermentation substrate is prepared by the following method: 350-450 parts of sawdust, 50-80 parts of crop straw, 30-60 parts of zeolite powder and 1-3 parts of sugar are mixed to obtain a mixture, and the moisture content of the mixture is adjusted to 55-65%; then, 0.2-0.5% of a composite microbial inoculant is inoculated into the mixture, and the mixture is stacked and fermented for 15-20 days, and then turned over and continuously fermented for 3-5 days, and then dried to a moisture content of 25-35%, thereby obtaining the fermentation substrate. The composite microbial inoculant comprises 2-3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2-3.5 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1-1.5 parts of actinomycetes and 3-4.5 parts of yeast. Further, the treated cassava dry sheet powder is prepared by the following method: the cassava dry sheet powder is placed in a distillation tank, and water vapor at 100-110℃ is introduced for heat treatment for 30-60 min, and then naturally cooled, so that the moisture content of the cassava dry sheet powder is increased from 10-15% to 20-25%, thereby obtaining the treated cassava dry sheet powder.

[0009] Further, the composite feed is prepared by the following method: (1) 300-350 parts of treated cassava dry sheet powder, 20-30 parts of sugarcane molasses, 100-180 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves and 150-200 parts of elephant grass are weighed according to parts by weight; (2) the sugarcane molasses is diluted by water at 10-20 times, inoculated with Aspergillus niger at 0.5-1.2% of the weight of the sugarcane molasses, and then subjected to aerobic fermentation at 35-45 DEG C for 2-3 days, and high-temperature sterilization, to obtain a sugarcane molasses fermentation liquor; (3) the sugarcane molasses fermentation liquor is mixed with treated cassava dry sheet powder, paper mulberry leaves and elephant grass, and the moisture content is adjusted to 60-70%, to obtain a mixture, inoculated with Bacillus subtilis at 0.1-0.3% of the weight of the mixture, lactic acid bacteria at 0.15-0.25% of the weight of the mixture and yeast at 0.3-0.4% of the weight of the mixture, sealed, and subjected to anaerobic fermentation for 7-10 days, to obtain the compound feed.

[0010] Further, the spraying liquid comprises water, glycerol at 1-2.5% of the weight of the water, alkyl polyglucoside at 0.5-1% of the weight of the water, potassium chloride at 0.1-0.15% of the weight of the water and sodium chloride at 0.2-0.35% of the weight of the water.

[0011] Further, the spraying is performed by using a high-pressure atomizing nozzle to spray the spraying liquid to the body parts of the beef cattle, and the spraying is performed until the cattle body surface is completely wetted, and the hair is soaked to the skin.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: 1. The heat-insulating and dehumidifying fermentation bed padding of the present application is provided with a bottom padding, a middle padding and a surface padding. The bottom padding is modified rice husk, which has the function of air-permeable and water-draining layer, and can ensure the bottom ventilation and prevent the moisture from returning upward. The rice husk is slightly carbonized (after being heated at 250-350 DEG C for 30-50 min) to increase the porosity, and then subjected to short-term fermentation by Bacillus subtilis to enhance the toughness, so that the padding is not easily crushed by the cattle and can maintain the loftiness for a long time, so that the padding can better insulate heat, ventilate, absorb moisture and prevent mildew. The middle padding is a mixture of modified rice husk, perlite, fermentation substrate and salt. The perlite has the function of heat insulation, the fermentation substrate can quickly absorb and decompose the excrement to prevent the odor from intensifying the heat stress of the cattle, the fermentation substrate also has the function of heat insulation to block the heat conduction from the ground to the upper layer, and the salt can provide the mineral ions required for the metabolism of the microorganisms in the middle padding and also inhibit the growth of part of the mildew to regulate the micro-ecological environment of the padding. Under the functions of moisture absorption, heat insulation and excrement decomposition of the bottom padding and the middle padding, the surface padding can keep dry and comfortable for a long time, which is beneficial for the cattle to lie down. Therefore, the heat-insulating and dehumidifying fermentation bed padding of the present application can greatly relieve the heat stress of the cattle.

[0013] 2. The compound feed of the present application is obtained by co-fermentation of treated cassava dry sheet powder, sugarcane molasses fermentation liquor, paper mulberry leaves and elephant grass, has high protein content, and suitable protein and fiber ratio, can meet the growth needs of cattle even under the condition of high consumption of cattle in high temperature environment, makes cattle gain weight fast, and the crude protein and crude fiber in the compound feed are all converted into easily digestible and absorbable protein and fiber, the treated cassava dry sheet powder is more easily digested and absorbed after being treated with hot steam before use, and in addition to containing a large amount of probiotic flora, the sugarcane molasses fermentation liquor contains a large amount of prebiotics - fructo-oligosaccharides, which can reduce the foul odor of cattle excrement, thereby relieving heat stress, in addition, the compound feed also contains a large amount of vitamins and active small peptides and other antioxidant components after fermentation, which can relieve heat stress to a certain extent, make cattle consume less energy, have high appetite and gain weight fast.

[0014] 3. The alkyl polyglucoside in the spraying liquid of the present application can reduce the surface tension of water, make the spraying liquid quickly cover the body surface of cattle, increase the evaporation area, reduce the formation of water droplets, and accelerate evaporation without the aid of a fan in a high temperature and high humidity environment, thereby achieving rapid cooling; the glycerol in the spraying liquid can absorb water from the air after the water in the spraying liquid is quickly evaporated and cooled, so that the skin has a cool feeling, and the spraying frequency can also be reduced; the potassium chloride and sodium chloride in the spraying liquid can be absorbed by the cattle in small amounts through the epidermis, helping to maintain fluid balance and prevent electrolyte loss in high temperature. Therefore, the spraying liquid of the present application has better cooling effect than water. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The specific embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments.

[0016] The bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast and aspergillus niger used in the present application can be purchased on the market. Among them, the bacillus subtilis is ≥1.0×10 8 cfu / g, the lactic acid bacteria are ≥1.0×10 7 cfu / g, the actinomycetes are ≥1.0×10 6 cfu / g, the yeast is ≥1.0×10 2 cfu / g, and the aspergillus niger is ≥1.0×10 6 cfu / g.

[0017] Example 1 A method for raising beef cattle in a summer high temperature environment: (1) A heat-insulating and dehumidifying fermentation bed bedding is laid in the cattle house in June every year, and is replaced in October. The heat-insulating and dehumidifying fermentation bed bedding comprises a 10 cm thick bottom layer of bedding, a 20 cm thick middle layer of bedding and a 5 cm thick surface layer of bedding: The bottom layer padding is modified rice husk. The preparation method of the modified rice husk is as follows: first, under the condition of oxygen deficiency, the rice husk is heated to 250℃ and kept for 30 minutes, and then naturally cooled; then the cooled rice husk is mixed with 5% of corn flour by weight of the rice husk, and water is added to adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 50%; inoculate 1% of Bacillus subtilis by weight of the mixture, and pile up and ferment for 10 days; and then dry to a moisture content of 15% to obtain the modified rice husk.

[0018] The middle layer padding is a mixture of modified rice husk, perlite, fermentation substrate and salt. The weight ratio of modified rice husk: perlite: fermentation substrate: salt is 5:2:3:0.01. The preparation method of the fermentation substrate is as follows: mix 350 parts of sawdust, 50 parts of crop straw (cut into 1-3 cm pieces before use), 30 parts of zeolite powder and 1 part of sugar, and adjust the moisture content to 55% to obtain a mixture; inoculate 0.2% of the composite microbial agent into the mixture, pile up and ferment for 15 days, turn over and continue to ferment for 3 days, and then dry to a moisture content of 25% to obtain the fermentation substrate. The composite microbial agent includes 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1 part of actinomycetes and 3 parts of yeast.

[0019] The surface layer padding is the fermentation substrate, and the preparation method of the fermentation substrate is the same as above.

[0020] (2) Use the composite feed to replace the traditional feed for feeding. The preparation method of the composite feed is as follows: A. Take 300 parts of treated cassava dry sheet powder, 20 parts of sugarcane molasses, 100 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves and 150 parts of elephant grass according to the weight fraction; the preparation method of the treated cassava dry sheet powder is as follows: put the cassava dry sheet powder into a distillation tank, pass in 100℃ water vapor for heat treatment for 30 minutes, and naturally cool down; at this time, the moisture content of the cassava dry sheet powder increases from 10% to 20%, and the treated cassava dry sheet powder is obtained; B. Dilute the sugarcane molasses with water by 10 times, inoculate 0.5% of Aspergillus niger by weight of the sugarcane molasses, and aerobically ferment at 35℃ for 2 days, and then high-temperature sterilize to obtain the sugarcane molasses fermentation liquor; C. Mix the sugarcane molasses fermentation liquor with the treated cassava dry sheet powder, broussonetia papyrifera leaves and elephant grass, and adjust the moisture content to 60% to obtain a mixture; inoculate 0.1% of Bacillus subtilis, 0.15% of lactic acid bacteria and 0.3% of yeast by weight of the mixture, seal, anaerobically ferment for 7 days, and then the composite feed is obtained.

[0021] (3) When the air temperature is greater than or equal to 35℃, spray the cattle with the spraying liquid; the spraying is carried out by using a high-pressure atomizing nozzle to spray the spraying liquid on the body parts of the cattle, and the spraying is carried out until the cattle body surface is completely wetted, and the hair is soaked to the skin.

[0022] The spray solution comprises water, 1% glycerol by weight of the water, 0.5% alkyl polyglucoside by weight of the water, 0.1% potassium chloride by weight of the water, and 0.2% sodium chloride by weight of the water.

[0023] Example 2 A method for raising beef cattle in high-temperature summer conditions: (1) Insulating and dehumidifying fermented bedding material is laid in the cattle shed every June and replaced in October. The insulating and dehumidifying fermented bedding material includes a 15cm thick bottom layer, a 30cm thick middle layer, and a 10cm thick top layer: The bottom bedding material is modified rice husk. The preparation method of modified rice husk is as follows: First, under anaerobic conditions, the rice husk is heated to 350℃ and kept at that temperature for 50 minutes, then cooled naturally. Then, the cooled rice husk is mixed with 8% of the weight of corn flour, and water is added to adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 60%. 1-3% of the weight of Bacillus subtilis is inoculated into the mixture, and it is piled up for fermentation for 15 days. After drying, the moisture content is reduced to 20%, thus obtaining the modified rice husk.

[0024] The intermediate bedding material is a mixture of modified rice husks, perlite, fermentation substrate, and salt. The weight ratio of modified rice husks:perlite:fermentation substrate:salt is 8:4:7:0.01. The fermentation substrate is prepared as follows: 450 parts sawdust, 80 parts crop straw (cut into 1-3cm pieces before use), 60 parts zeolite powder, and 3 parts sugar are mixed and the moisture content is adjusted to 65%. 0.5% of a compound microbial agent is inoculated into the mixture, and it is piled up for fermentation for 20 days. The pile is then turned, and fermentation continues for 5 days. The mixture is dried until the moisture content reaches 35%, thus obtaining the fermentation substrate. The compound microbial agent includes 3 parts Bacillus subtilis, 3.5 parts lactic acid bacteria, 1.5 parts actinomycetes, and 4.5 parts yeast.

[0025] The surface bedding material is the fermentation substrate, and the preparation method of the fermentation substrate is the same as above.

[0026] (2) Compound feed is used to replace traditional feed. The preparation method of compound feed is as follows: A. Weigh out 350 parts of treated cassava chips, 30 parts of sugarcane molasses, 180 parts of paper mulberry leaves, and 200 parts of elephant grass according to the following weight proportions. The preparation method of the treated cassava chips is as follows: put the cassava chips into a distillation tank, pass in 110°C steam for heat treatment for 60 minutes, and let it cool naturally. At this time, the moisture content of the cassava chips increases from 15% to 25%, and the treated cassava chips are obtained. B. Dilute the sugarcane molasses with water 20 times, inoculate it with 1.2% of the weight of Aspergillus niger, and ferment it aerobically at 45°C for 3 days. Then sterilize it at high temperature to obtain the sugarcane molasses fermentation liquid. C. The sugarcane molasses fermentation liquor is mixed with treated cassava dry sheet powder, broussonetia papyrifera leaves and elephant grass, and the moisture content is adjusted to 70%, to obtain a mixture, the mixture is inoculated with 0.3% Bacillus subtilis, 0.25% lactic acid bacteria and 0.4% yeast by weight, sealed, and anaerobically fermented for 10 days to obtain the compound feed.

[0027] (3) When the air temperature is greater than or equal to 35°C, the beef cattle are sprayed with a spraying liquid, the spraying liquid is sprayed on the body parts of the beef cattle by using a high-pressure atomizing nozzle, and the spraying is performed until the body surface of the beef cattle is completely wetted, preferably until the hair is soaked to the skin.

[0028] The spraying liquid comprises water, 2.5% glycerol by weight of the water, 1% alkyl polyglucoside by weight of the water, 0.15% potassium chloride by weight of the water and 0.35% sodium chloride by weight of the water.

[0029] Example 3 A beef cattle breeding method in a summer high-temperature environment: (1) A heat-insulating and dehumidifying fermentation bed litter is laid in the cowshed in June every year, and is replaced in October. The heat-insulating and dehumidifying fermentation bed litter comprises a 15 cm thick bottom layer litter, a 20 cm thick middle layer litter and an 8 cm thick surface layer litter. The bottom layer litter is modified rice husk. The preparation method of the modified rice husk is as follows: first, the rice husk is heated to 300°C under anoxic conditions, and then is naturally cooled; then, the cooled rice husk is mixed with 6% corn flour by weight of the rice husk, and water is added to adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 55%; then, 2% Bacillus subtilis by weight of the mixture is inoculated, and the mixture is stacked and fermented for 15 days; finally, the mixture is dried until the moisture content is 18%, to obtain the modified rice husk.

[0030] The middle layer litter is a mixture of modified rice husk, perlite, fermentation substrate and salt. The weight ratio of the modified rice husk: perlite: fermentation substrate: salt is 6:3:5:0.01. The preparation method of the fermentation substrate is as follows: 400 parts of sawdust, 70 parts of crop straw (cut into 1-3 cm pieces before use), 60 parts of zeolite powder and 2 parts of sugar are mixed, and the moisture content of the mixture is adjusted to 60% to obtain a mixture; 0.4% of a composite microbial inoculant is inoculated into the mixture, the mixture is stacked and fermented for 18 days, and then is turned over and continuously fermented for 4 days; finally, the mixture is dried until the moisture content is 30%, to obtain the fermentation substrate. The composite microbial inoculant comprises 2.5 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1.2 parts of actinomycetes and 4 parts of yeast.

[0031] The surface layer litter is the fermentation substrate, and the preparation method of the fermentation substrate is the same as above.

[0032] (2) The compound feed is used to replace the traditional feed for feeding. The preparation method of the compound feed is as follows: A, take the treated cassava dry slice powder 320 parts, sugarcane molasses 25 parts, broussonetia papyrifera leaves 150 parts and elephant grass 180 parts by weight fraction; the preparation method of the treated cassava dry slice powder is: the cassava dry slice powder is put into a distillation tank, 110℃ water vapor is introduced for heat treatment for 50min, and then it is naturally cooled, at this time the moisture content of the cassava dry slice powder is increased from 12% to 24%, and the treated cassava dry slice powder is obtained; B, after the sugarcane molasses is diluted 15 times with water, the black aspergillus with a weight of 0.9% of the sugarcane molasses is inoculated, and then aerobic fermentation is carried out at 40℃ for 3 days, and high-temperature sterilization is carried out, and the sugarcane molasses fermentation liquor is obtained; C, the sugarcane molasses fermentation liquor, the treated cassava dry slice powder, the broussonetia papyrifera leaves and the elephant grass are uniformly mixed, and the moisture content is adjusted to 65%, and the mixed material is obtained, the bacillus subtilis, the lactic acid bacteria and the yeast with a weight of 0.2%, 0.2% and 0.35% of the mixed material are inoculated, and then the mixture is sealed and anaerobic fermentation is carried out for 8 days, and the compound feed is obtained.

[0033] (3) When the air temperature is greater than or equal to 35℃, the cattle are sprayed with the spraying liquid, the spraying liquid is sprayed on the body parts of the cattle by using a high-pressure atomizing nozzle, and the spraying is carried out until the cattle body surface is completely wetted, and the hair is soaked to the skin.

[0034] The spraying liquid comprises water, glycerol with a weight of 2% of the water, alkyl polyglucoside with a weight of 0.7% of the water, potassium chloride with a weight of 0.12% of the water and sodium chloride with a weight of 0.3% of the water.

[0035] Comparative Example 1: The conventional fermentation bed litter is used instead of the litter of Example 1, and the conventional fermentation bed litter is not layered, and the conventional fermentation bed litter is: crop straw 30 parts, rice husk 50 parts, sawdust 70 parts, matured cow dung 10 parts, fermentation bed bacteria (EM bacteria, bacillus subtilis, yeast), and the litter is laid to a thickness of 60cm, and other methods are consistent with those of Example 1.

[0036] Comparative Example 2: The rice husk is used instead of the modified rice husk, and the other raw materials and methods are consistent with those of Example 1.

[0037] Comparative Example 3: The modified rice husk is prepared without using bacillus subtilis fermentation, that is, the preparation method of the modified rice husk is: first, the rice husk is heated to 300℃ under anaerobic conditions and then is naturally cooled for 40min, and the modified rice husk is obtained. Other raw materials and methods are consistent with those of Example 1.

[0038] To illustrate the effect of the fermentation bed litter of the present application on the breeding effect, the applicant conducted the following test: test time: June-September 2023; test site: Nanning, Guangxi; experimental cattle breed: Simmental; feeding days: 120 days. The test was divided into 6 groups, 20 heads in each group, groups 1 to 3 were bred by the methods of examples 1 to 3 respectively, groups 4 to 6 were bred by the methods of comparative examples 1 to 3 respectively, and the feed intake and weight gain were detected: the daily weight gain was determined by weighing each cow with a weighbridge at the beginning and end of the test, and the average daily weight gain was calculated; average daily weight gain = (final weight - initial weight) / test days). The results are shown in Table 1: Table 1 breeding results of each group Table 1 shows that the raw materials and layered laying of the fermentation bed litter can affect the weight gain and feed intake of cattle, and the use of the heat insulation and dehumidification fermentation bed litter (bottom layer, middle layer and surface layer) of the present application can improve the daily weight gain of cattle, which may be related to the fact that the heat insulation and dehumidification fermentation bed litter of the present application can alleviate the heat stress of cattle, indicating that the layered laying and modification of rice husk, as well as the improvement of the fermentation material can achieve better heat insulation and dehumidification effect.

[0039] Comparative example 4: without steam treatment of cassava dry sheet powder, other raw materials and methods are consistent with example 1.

[0040] Comparative example 5: without sugarcane molasses, other raw materials and methods are consistent with example 1.

[0041] Comparative example 6: without Broussonetia kaempferi leaves, other raw materials and methods are consistent with example 1.

[0042] Comparative example 7: without elephant grass, other raw materials and methods are consistent with example 1.

[0043] To illustrate the effect of the compound feed of the present application on the breeding effect, the applicant conducted the following test: test time: June-September 2023; test site: Nanning, Guangxi; experimental cattle breed: Simmental; feeding days: 120 days. The test was divided into 5 groups, 20 heads in each group, group 1 was bred by the method of example 1, groups 2 to 5 were bred by the methods of comparative examples 4 to 7 respectively, and the feed intake and weight gain were detected: the daily weight gain was determined by weighing each cow with a weighbridge at the beginning and end of the test, and the average daily weight gain was calculated; average daily weight gain = (final weight - initial weight) / test days). The results are shown in Table 2: Table 2 breeding results of each group Table 2 shows that the compound feed of the present application has fast weight gain under high temperature conditions, indicating that the processed cassava dry sheet powder, sugarcane molasses fermentation liquor, paper mulberry leaves and elephant grass protein and fiber in the compound feed of the present application are properly matched and easily digested and absorbed, so that the growth demand of the cattle can be met even under the condition of large consumption of cattle in high temperature conditions, so that the cattle can gain weight fast.

[0044] Comparative Example 8: water is used instead of the spraying liquid of the present application for spraying, and other raw materials and methods are consistent with Example 1.

[0045] Comparative Example 9: the spraying liquid does not contain alkyl polyglucoside, and other raw materials and methods are consistent with Example 1.

[0046] Comparative Example 10: the spraying liquid does not contain glycerol, and other raw materials and methods are consistent with Example 1.

[0047] Comparative Example 11: water is used instead of the spraying liquid of the present application for spraying, and a fan is used for auxiliary cooling, and other raw materials and methods are consistent with Example 1.

[0048] In order to illustrate the influence of the spraying liquid of the present application on the breeding effect, the applicant made the following test: test time: June-September 2023; test site: Nanning, Guangxi; experimental cattle breed: Simmental; feeding days: 120 days. The test is divided into 5 groups, 20 heads in each group, group 1 is bred by the method of Example 1, groups 2 to 5 are bred by the methods of Comparative Examples 8 to 11 respectively, and the feed intake and weight gain are detected: the determination of daily weight gain: the body weight of each cow is determined by the weighbridge at the beginning and end of the test, and the average daily weight gain is calculated; average daily weight gain=(final weight-initial weight) / test days). The results are shown in Table 3: Table 3: Breeding results of each group Table 3 shows that the weight gain effect of cattle is more obvious after using the spraying liquid of the present application compared with water spraying, which indicates that the cooling effect of the spraying liquid of the present application is good under the auxiliary action of alkyl polyglucoside and glycerol.

[0049] In summary, the present application optimizes the formula of the fermentation bed litter and the feeding feed, and improves the spraying method, reduces the occurrence of heat stress of cattle in summer high temperature season, prevents the negative effects caused by heat stress of cattle, and enables beef cattle to maintain high production efficiency in summer high temperature environment.

[0050] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the application has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the application to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. It is intended that the scope of the application be limited not with this detailed description, but rather by the claims appended hereto.

Claims

1. A method for raising beef cattle in a high-temperature summer environment, characterized by, The heat insulation and dehumidification fermentation bed mattress is laid in the cowshed from June to September every year, and the composite feed is used to replace the traditional feed for feeding, and the liquid is sprayed on the cow when the air temperature is greater than or equal to 35 DEG C. The heat insulation and dehumidification fermentation bed mattress comprises a bottom layer, a middle layer and a surface layer; the bottom layer is modified rice husk; the middle layer is a mixture of modified rice husk, perlite, fermentation substrate and salt, wherein the weight ratio of modified rice husk: perlite: fermentation substrate: salt is (5-8):(2-4):(3-7):0.01; the surface layer is fermentation substrate. The composite feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300-350 parts of treated cassava dry slice powder, 20-30 parts of sugarcane molasses, 100-180 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves and 150-200 parts of elephant grass.

2. The method for raising beef cattle in a summer high-temperature environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laying thickness of the bottom layer is 10-15 cm, the laying thickness of the middle layer is 20-30 cm, and the laying thickness of the surface layer is 5-10 cm.

3. The method for raising beef cattle in a high-temperature summer environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the modified rice husk is as follows: first, the rice husk is heated to 250-350 DEG C under anaerobic conditions, then it is naturally cooled, then the cooled rice husk is mixed with 5-8% of corn powder by weight of the rice husk, and water is added to adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 50-60%, 1-3% of bacillus subtilis is inoculated in the mixture, and the mixture is stacked and fermented for 10-15 days, and then dried to a moisture content of 15-20%, thereby obtaining the modified rice husk.

4. The method for raising beef cattle in a summer high-temperature environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the fermentation substrate is as follows: 350-450 parts of sawdust, 50-80 parts of crop straw, 30-60 parts of zeolite powder and 1-3 parts of sugar are mixed to obtain a mixture with a moisture content of 55-65%; 0.2-0.5% of a composite microbial inoculum is inoculated into the mixture, and the mixture is stacked and fermented for 15-20 days, then it is turned over and continuously fermented for 3-5 days, and then dried to a moisture content of 25-35%, thereby obtaining the fermentation substrate. The composite microbial inoculum comprises 2-3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2-3.5 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1-1.5 parts of actinomycetes and 3-4.5 parts of yeast.

5. The method for raising beef cattle in a summer high-temperature environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the treated cassava dry slice powder is as follows: the cassava dry slice powder is placed in a distillation tank, 100-110 DEG C water vapor is introduced for heat treatment for 30-60 min, and then naturally cooled; at this time, the moisture content of the cassava dry slice powder is increased from 10-15% to 20-25%, thereby obtaining the treated cassava dry slice powder.

6. The method for raising beef cattle in a summer high-temperature environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the composite feed is as follows: (1) 300-350 parts of treated cassava dry slice powder, 20-30 parts of sugarcane molasses, 100-180 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves and 150-200 parts of elephant grass are weighed according to parts by weight; (2) the sugarcane molasses is diluted with water by 10-20 times, 0.5-1.2% of aspergillus niger is inoculated in the sugarcane molasses, aerobic fermentation is carried out at 35-45 DEG C for 2-3 days, high-temperature sterilization is carried out, and then the sugarcane molasses fermentation liquor is obtained; (3) mixing the sugar cane molasses fermentation liquor with treated cassava dry sheet powder, broussonetia papyrifera leaves and elephant grass, and adjusting the moisture content to 60-70% to obtain a mixture, inoculating the mixture with 0.1-0.3% Bacillus subtilis, 0.15-0.25% lactic acid bacteria and 0.3-0.4% yeast by weight, sealing, and anaerobically fermenting for 7-10 days to obtain the compound feed.

7. The method for raising beef cattle in a summer high-temperature environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spraying liquid comprises water, 1-2.5% glycerol by weight of the water, 0.5-1% alkyl polyglucoside by weight of the water, 0.1-0.15% potassium chloride by weight of the water and 0.2-0.35% sodium chloride by weight of the water.

8. The method for raising beef cattle in a summer high-temperature environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spraying is performed by using a high-pressure atomizing nozzle to spray the spraying liquid on the body parts of the beef cattle, and the spraying is performed until the cattle body surface is completely wetted, preferably until the hair is soaked to the skin.

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