Communication method, apparatus and system for single-hot signaling

Abstract

The application provides a communication method, device and system for single-firewire signal transmission, and relates to the technical field of communication. The sending end and the receiving end share a single firewire to establish a communication connection. The sending end determines the duration of a starting signal segment, a data signal segment and an ending signal segment according to a control signal generated by a gear recognition module, takes a half cycle of an alternating power supply as a time reference, and outputs each signal segment in a preset order to form a data frame. Meanwhile, the sending end controls a rectifier circuit to be turned on, so that a corresponding data frame modulation signal is generated on the single firewire. After detecting the modulation signal, the receiving end takes the zero-crossing point of the alternating power supply as a synchronization reference to extract the data frame, periodically samples the level of the single firewire and counts the duration of a first level, so as to determine whether the current signal belongs to the starting signal, the data signal or the ending signal. The receiving end decodes according to a communication protocol based on the signal type, generates a control signal to drive a load to perform a corresponding operation.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, in particular to a communication method, device and system for single-wire signal transmission. BACKGROUND

[0002] The existing single-wire control system generally only has a simple on-off control function, and its working principle mainly relies on detecting the zero-crossing signal of alternating current power to realize dimming or phase control. Although this control method can meet the basic lighting adjustment requirements, it has the following disadvantages:

[0003] The existing single-wire switch generally determines the timing of turning on or off by detecting the zero-crossing signal, and lacks protocol design for data communication. Therefore, the information that the controller can transmit is extremely limited, and usually only three single instructions of "on", "off" and "dimming" can be realized, which cannot meet the intelligent control requirements of multi-function or scene.

[0004] The single-wire switch is generally far away from the main control circuit, and if an additional signal line is used for communication, it will lead to an increase in line length, resistance and impedance, thereby causing signal distortion and a decrease in anti-interference ability. In order to ensure transmission stability, low-impedance wires and filter circuits are often used, which will significantly increase the wiring cost and installation complexity.

[0005] Although wireless communication can realize data transmission, it requires the addition of a wireless communication module in the controller, which increases hardware cost and power consumption. At the same time, radio frequency signals may interfere with surrounding electronic devices and are also easily affected by complex electromagnetic environments, making it difficult to be widely applied in low-cost electrical products.

[0006] Therefore, the existing single-wire control technology generally has the problems of insufficient communication ability, poor anti-interference ability, high system cost, etc., and it is difficult to expand its application in complex intelligent control systems. In particular, in scenarios where multiple types of control (such as lighting, motors, buzzers, power modules, etc.) need to be realized through single-wire, there is a lack of a unified communication protocol that can transmit multiple control instructions under the existing wiring structure. SUMMARY

[0007] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a communication protocol based on a single-wire controller, which aims to identify the "start signal", "data signal" and "end signal" by timing sampling the IO port level change of the MCU under the conditions of no dedicated communication channel, no zero-line reference and severe signal fluctuation, and execute the control command accordingly. Thus, stable and low-cost multi-functional control can be realized in a single-wire environment.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the application provides a communication method for single firewire signal transmission, a sending end and a receiving end establish a communication connection based on a single firewire, the sending end is provided with a gear recognition module for generating a corresponding control signal based on a selected gear, the receiving end periodically reads an IO level state of the single firewire, and the communication method comprises the following steps:

[0009] The sending end responds to the control signal, takes a half cycle of an alternating power signal as a time reference, and determines a duration of each signal segment according to the control signal;

[0010] The sending end outputs the signal segments in a preset time sequence to form a data frame, so that the receiving end analyzes a control signal according to the data frame;

[0011] The sending end controls a conduction state of a rectifier circuit to perform full-wave rectification on an alternating power waveform, and forms a modulation signal including the data frame on the single firewire for decoding by the receiving end;

[0012] The receiving end extracts the data frame when receiving the modulation signal from the sending end, taking an alternating power zero-crossing point as a time reference;

[0013] The receiving end counts a first level duration of the data frame, and stops counting when a level state of the data frame changes to a second level state;

[0014] The receiving end determines a signal type according to the first level duration obtained by counting, performs protocol decoding according to the determined signal type, generates a control signal, and executes a corresponding control operation;

[0015] The signal segment includes a start signal segment, a data signal segment and an end signal segment;

[0016] The signal type includes a start signal, a data signal and an end signal.

[0017] In an embodiment, the receiving end determines the signal type according to the first level duration obtained by counting, which comprises:

[0018] When the first level duration is in a first time interval, the signal is determined to be a start signal;

[0019] When the first level duration is in a second time interval, the signal is determined to be a data signal;

[0020] When the first level duration is in a third time interval, the signal is determined to be an end signal;

[0021] The duration interval is divided based on an integer multiple of a half cycle of the alternating power signal.

[0022] In an embodiment, the receiving end determines the transition of the level state by detecting the falling edge or rising edge of the single-hot line level to trigger the start or stop of the duration counting.

[0023] In an embodiment, the receiving end executes the decoding process in a protocol state machine manner after determining the signal type;

[0024] wherein, entering the data recording state when the start signal is received;

[0025] recording the corresponding command information when the data signal is received;

[0026] entering the parsing and executing state when the end signal is received.

[0027] In an embodiment, the sending end determines the duration of each signal segment according to the control signal, including:

[0028] using the integer multiple of the half cycle of the AC power signal as the minimum unit of the duration, and generating the corresponding control instruction according to the different combinations of the signal segment duration, so that the control signal forms the corresponding data frame structure after being encoded.

[0029] In an embodiment, the sending end uses the zero-crossing point of the AC power waveform as the synchronization reference when outputting the modulated signal, to ensure that the starting time of each signal segment is aligned with the AC power cycle;

[0030] and controls the rectifier circuit to return to the off state after completing the data frame transmission.

[0031] The application also provides a receiving end for executing the communication method, and the sending end and the receiving end establish a communication connection based on a single-hot line, and the receiving end includes:

[0032] a zero-crossing detection circuit for detecting the zero-crossing point signal of the AC power waveform and outputting a synchronization reference signal;

[0033] a signal determination module for periodically reading the IO level state of the single-hot line under the control of the synchronization reference signal, and counting the duration of the first level state; and

[0034] for determining the signal type according to the first level duration, the signal type including a start signal, a data signal and an end signal;

[0035] a protocol decoding module for decoding according to the signal type and the preset protocol mapping relationship to generate a control signal;

[0036] a master control module for executing the corresponding control operation according to the control signal.

[0037] The application further provides a sending end for performing the communication method, and the sending end and the receiving end establish a communication connection based on a single firewire.

[0038] The gear recognition module comprises a waveband switch and a gear recognition chip, and is configured to output a corresponding control signal according to a gear of the waveband switch; the gear recognition chip generates a corresponding level signal based on a connection state of different pins of the waveband switch, and outputs the level signal as the control signal.

[0039] The data frame generation module electrically connected to the gear recognition module is configured to determine durations of a start signal segment, a data signal segment and an end signal segment according to the control signal, with a half cycle of an alternating power signal as a time reference.

[0040] The data frame generation module is configured to combine a plurality of the modulation signals in a preset order to form a data frame comprising the start signal segment, the data signal segment and the end signal segment according to the durations of the signal segments, and the data frame is configured to define a time structure of the modulation signals output on the single firewire.

[0041] The rectification control module electrically connected to the gear recognition module is configured to control a rectification circuit to output a modulation signal corresponding to each signal segment in the data frame on the single firewire according to the durations of the signal segments in the data frame, and to turn on or turn off the alternating power waveform during the duration of the modulation signal.

[0042] The rectification control module is further configured to output the modulation signal to the single firewire for the receiving end to decode based on the duration of the level.

[0043] The synchronization and protection module is configured to control the rectification circuit to return to a disconnected state after the modulation signal is sent.

[0044] In an embodiment, the rectification control module comprises a field effect transistor driven by the data frame generation module and a bidirectional transistor connected to the field effect transistor, and is configured to control the rectification of the alternating power waveform to turn on and turn off based on the data frame, so as to form a modulation signal corresponding to the data frame on the single firewire.

[0045] The application further provides a communication system, characterized in that the communication system comprises a receiving end and a sending end, the receiving end is configured to perform the communication method, and the sending end is configured to perform the communication method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0046] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.

[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings described below only show some of the embodiments of the present application, and the well-known modules, units and their mutual connections, links, communications or operations are not shown or not described in detail. And the described features, architectures or functions can be combined in any way in one or more embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the following various embodiments are only used for illustration, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present application.

[0048] Figure 1 The flow chart of the communication method of the single-hot-wire signal transmission of an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 2 The flow chart of the method of decoding data frames of another embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 3 The architecture schematic diagram of the functional module of the sending end of still another embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 4 The architecture schematic diagram of the functional module of the receiving end of still another embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 5 The circuit schematic diagram of the gear recognition module of the sending end of still another embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 6 The circuit schematic diagram of the rectification control module of the sending end of another embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Figure 7 The application scenario schematic diagram of the communication system of the single-hot-wire signal transmission of still another embodiment of the present application.

[0055] Explanation of reference signs:

[0056]

[0057] The implementation, functional features and advantages of the present application will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and the well-known modules, units and their mutual connections, links, communications or operations are not shown or not described in detail. And the described features, architectures or functions can be combined in any way in one or more embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the following various embodiments are only used for illustration, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present application.

[0059] The existing single-firewire control system usually relies on the zero-crossing signal of alternating current to perform basic phase adjustment and on-off control. The core function is mainly realized in the control of the conduction time, but the overall technical system still stays in the category of traditional electrical products. Due to the lack of data communication capability, its technical limitations mainly lie in the following aspects:

[0060] Firstly, the communication capability of the existing single-firewire switch is extremely limited.

[0061] The traditional single-firewire switch can only rely on zero-crossing detection to determine the timing of conduction or shutdown, lacks a communication protocol based on single-firewire data transmission, and lacks a definition of the signal segment structure or the duration of the level. Therefore, the types of commands that the controller can express are very limited, and it can usually only implement simple controls such as "on" "off" and duty cycle adjustment. It cannot transmit multiple types, multiple levels, or sequential control instructions over the same firewire, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern intelligent control systems for multifunctional, combinable, and expandable logic.

[0062] Secondly, the existing single-firewire system cannot achieve long-distance, low-cost wired expansion communication.

[0063] Since the single-firewire switch is usually installed on the indoor wall or in a dispersed location, there may be a long distance between it and the main control module. If additional signal lines are added for communication, problems such as increased wire length, increased line resistance, and enhanced capacitive coupling will arise, leading to signal distortion, increased cross-talk, and decreased anti-interference capability. To maintain communication stability, low-impedance wires, common-mode inductors, and filter capacitors must be introduced, further increasing hardware complexity and wiring costs, making it unsuitable for low-cost, fixed-wiring electrical environments.

[0064] Thirdly, using wireless communication to replace single-firewire transmission has cost and reliability issues.

[0065] Although wireless communication can achieve instruction transmission, it requires the integration of radio frequency modules, matching networks, and antennas in wall-mounted switches, which not only increases cost and power consumption but also makes it vulnerable to building structure obstructions, environmental noise, electromagnetic interference, and other factors, making reliability difficult to guarantee. In addition, wireless signals have potential communication delays, security risks, and network pairing costs, making them unsuitable for widespread use in large-scale, low-cost electrical products.

[0066] In summary, the existing single-firewire control devices generally have insufficient communication capability, poor expandability, limited anti-interference capability, and high system cost, making it difficult to meet the demand for multiple types and functions of control under the single-firewire wiring structure. In particular, in scenarios where lights, motors, buzzers, and small and medium power actuators need to be controlled simultaneously through a single firewire, there is no universal communication protocol that can achieve multiple control instruction transmission without adding additional communication lines or relying on wireless methods.

[0067] The main solution of the embodiment of the application is:

[0068] By constructing a time length coding system based on an alternating current power supply half cycle and a modulation mechanism of rectifier conduction control, a reliable, low-cost and multi-command type communication scheme is realized under the existing single firewire wiring structure, and the core technical contributions include:

[0069] Firstly, the application proposes a signal segment time length coding mechanism based on an alternating current power supply half cycle, and by taking the half cycle of the alternating current power supply as a unified time reference, the application constructs a data frame structure composed of a start signal segment, a data signal segment and an end signal segment on a single firewire. The duration of different signal segments is in integer multiples of half cycles, and the mapping of control commands is realized by the combination of the duration, which fundamentally gives the traditional single firewire transmission the ability to transmit multiple commands.

[0070] Secondly, the application generates a modulation signal by using the controlled conduction state of the rectifier circuit to realize the physical layer modulation of the data frame. The application controls the conduction / off of the rectifier circuit through the sending end, so that the single firewire level presents a stable high level or low level state at a certain time period. The duration is determined by the data frame structure, so that the single firewire has the modulating characteristic while being powered, realizing the functions of “power supply and communication”. This way does not need to increase hardware modules, and fully utilizes the existing power electronic structure to complete the modulation of the communication signal.

[0071] Further, the application introduces a synchronization decoding mechanism based on zero-crossing points to improve the decoding reliability and anti-interference. The receiving end takes the zero-crossing point of the alternating current power supply as a synchronization reference, counts the duration of the modulation signal and performs normalization processing, thereby significantly reducing the error caused by power fluctuations, noise coupling and line resistance changes, realizing high-precision signal segment recognition and providing stability guarantee for the application of single firewire communication in complex environments.

[0072] Finally, the application realizes unified communication of multiple devices and multiple function commands. By the characteristic of strong scalability of the duration coding, the application can transmit multiple logical commands, which is not only suitable for light switches, but also can be extended to motor speed control, buzzer control, medium-power device control and other scenes, so that the single firewire control system has higher functionality and universality.

[0073] Reference Figure 1 In an embodiment of the application, a single firewire signal transmission communication method is provided, comprising steps S100-S600, and the communication method comprises:

[0074] S100, the sending end responds to the control signal, takes the half cycle of the alternating current power signal as the time reference, and determines the duration of each signal segment according to the control signal.

[0075] S200, the sending end outputs the signal segment according to the preset time sequence, forms a data frame, so that the receiving end parses the control signal according to the data frame;

[0076] S300, the sending end controls the conduction state of the rectifier circuit, full-wave rectifies the alternating power waveform, and forms a modulation signal including a data frame on the single fire line for the receiving end to decode;

[0077] S400, when the receiving end receives the modulation signal from the sending end, the data frame is extracted with the alternating power zero point as the time reference;

[0078] S500, the receiving end counts the first level duration of the data frame, and stops counting when the level state of the data frame changes to the second level state;

[0079] S600, the receiving end determines the signal type according to the first level duration obtained by counting, decodes the protocol according to the signal type obtained by determining, generates a control signal, and executes a corresponding control operation;

[0080] The signal segment includes a start signal segment, a data signal segment and an end signal segment;

[0081] The signal type includes a start signal, a data signal and an end signal.

[0082] Further, the system is composed of a sending end and a receiving end, which are connected by the single fire line in the existing building electrician wiring, and realize reliable transmission of multiple types of control instructions without additional signal lines and without relying on wireless communication. In order to facilitate understanding of the working principle of the present application, the further embodiments of the present application are described below.

[0083] In a typical embodiment, the sending end is arranged in the wall switch or the controller, and is provided with a gear recognition module for collecting user input. It should be noted that the gear recognition module can include but is not limited to a combination of wave band knob switch and corresponding recognition chip, and different control signals are generated by recognizing the pin connection state corresponding to different gears. After receiving the control signal, the sending end first takes the half cycle of the alternating power signal as the time reference, and determines the duration of each signal segment according to the current control instruction. The "signal segment" here refers to the time interval that the sending end maintains a certain stable level on the single fire line, which can specifically include a start signal segment, a data signal segment and an end signal segment. The duration of each signal segment is combined according to the control signal, so as to form a data frame structure for representing different control commands.

[0084] The sending end then outputs the corresponding modulation waveform according to the timing relationship of the signal segment. In order to form a modulation signal that can be recognized by the receiving end on a single firewire, the sending end controls the on and off of the rectifier circuit to make the alternating current power present a stable high level state during the signal segment, and switch to a low level state after the signal segment ends. It should be noted that the modulation signal is not an independent communication carrier, but a time modulation waveform formed on the single firewire voltage by the sending end controlling the rectifier on state, and the level duration is used to carry the information in the data frame.

[0085] The modulated single firewire voltage is transmitted to the receiving end. The receiving end is usually integrated in a lamp driver, motor control board or other load module, which periodically samples the single firewire level state to obtain the modulation signal output by the sending end. Since the decoding of the modulation signal needs to establish a unified time reference, the receiving end uses the zero crossing point of the alternating current power as a synchronization basis, and synchronizes the timer or sampling logic at each zero crossing point, so that the starting position of different signal segments is aligned with the alternating waveform, thereby avoiding the timing offset caused by power fluctuations and line interference.

[0086] The receiving end counts the time of the continuous high level when detecting the modulation signal. It should be noted that the "first level" of the receiving end can be understood as the high level state in the modulation signal, and its duration is used to distinguish different signal segments; The corresponding "second level" can be understood as the low level state generated at the end of the signal segment, which is used to trigger the timing stop. The receiving end stops counting when the level changes, compares the count value with the preset time interval, to determine the type of the current signal segment. For example, when the duration falls into the first time interval, it is determined as a start signal; When it falls into the second time interval, it is determined as a data signal; When it falls into the third time interval, it is determined as an end signal.

[0087] After completing the signal type determination, the receiving end parses the entire data frame according to the order of start-data-end, and generates the corresponding control signal accordingly. For example, when the data frame carries a light brightness adjustment instruction, the receiving end will drive the lighting module to perform the corresponding brightness adjustment; When the data frame indicates the motor running speed or the buzzer buzzing mode, the receiving end executes the control according to the corresponding logic. Since the present application adopts a time modulation method with half cycle as the minimum timing unit, the receiving end can maintain high recognition accuracy in strong noise or line impedance change during decoding.

[0088] It should be noted that the communication method of the present application can not only be applied to light control, but also can be extended to fan, motor, buzzer and low-power power supply module and other load devices, and by defining the combination mode of different signal segments, the communication of multiple types of instructions can be realized under the single firewire wiring structure, and the functionality and intelligent ability of the traditional single firewire switch system are significantly improved.

[0089] Optionally, with reference to Figure 2 In another embodiment of the present application, the receiving end needs to identify the duration of the stable level segment presented on the single firewire after completing the synchronous sampling of the modulation signal, in order to distinguish different types of signal segments. The receiving end first regards the continuous high level as the first level, and starts the internal timing logic after detecting the high level. It should be noted that the timing process is usually realized by the timer inside the microcontroller, and the duration of the high level is obtained by accumulating the timing register under the fixed sampling period. When the high level remains unchanged, the count will continue to increase; once the level change is detected, i.e. the first level is converted to the second level (usually low level), the timing stops immediately, and the actual duration of the signal segment is obtained.

[0090] In order to accurately determine different types of signal segments, the present application compares the duration with the preset time interval. It should be noted that the setting of the time interval is based on the half cycle of the alternating current power signal, and usually selects an integer multiple of the half cycle as the basis for time division. For example, when the alternating current frequency is 50Hz, 10ms is selected as the basic unit, and different types of signal segments can correspond to different time intervals of 10ms-20ms, 20ms-30ms or 30ms-40ms, etc. By this division method based on integer multiple of half cycle, not only the anti-interference ability of the present application to the power fluctuation can be enhanced, but also the sending end and the receiving end can realize stable communication without additional clock synchronization.

[0091] The detection of the receiving end to the level change in the present application is usually realized based on the recognition of the level edge. The input sampling circuit or digital IO port of the receiving end will trigger the corresponding interrupt event when detecting the falling edge or rising edge of the single firewire level, realizing the start or stop of the timing process.

[0092] It should be noted that the selection of the falling edge or the rising edge can be flexibly adjusted according to the definition of the high and low levels of the modulation signal, for example, when the high level is used to carry the duration information, the falling edge is regarded as the end mark of the first level; on the contrary, when the low level is used to carry the information, the rising edge is used as the conversion point. By using the edge trigger mode, the start and end time of the signal segment can be reliably captured, the counting of the duration is more accurate, and the misjudgment caused by voltage jitter or noise interference is avoided.

[0093] After the duration of the signal segment is determined, the receiving end identifies the signal segment as a start signal, a data signal or an end signal. For example, when the duration falls into the first time interval, the receiving end identifies the signal segment as a start segment of a data frame and prepares to enter a data recording state; when the duration falls into the second time interval, the signal segment is written into a data buffer as a data signal; and when the duration falls into the third time interval, the receiving end identifies the signal segment as an end signal of the data frame and triggers a subsequent command analysis and execution process.

[0094] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, after the receiving end determines the type of the signal segment, the receiving end does not immediately interpret the signal segment as a control command, but decodes the entire data frame in a protocol state machine manner. It should be noted that the protocol state machine refers to a logical model in which the receiving end switches between a set of limited states according to different signal segment types, which can include but is not limited to a start state, a data recording state and an analysis and execution state.

[0095] When the receiving end determines that the current signal segment corresponds to a start signal, it means that the sending end is about to output subsequent data content. At this time, the receiving end switches from the initial idle state to the data recording state to prepare to receive the subsequent data signal. In this state, the receiving end clears the buffer area in the previous communication process, and initializes necessary counters, recording registers or temporary storage units to ensure that the data received subsequently is recorded in the predetermined order.

[0096] After entering the data recording state, the receiving end continuously monitors the type of the subsequent signal segment. When a data signal is received, the receiving end maps the data signal to corresponding command information according to the specific type of the data signal, such as a certain brightness level, a certain motor speed value or a mode identifier of a buzzer. The receiving end records each data signal in the internal command buffer area to form the payload part of the data frame. It should be noted that the recording process is continuous, that is, the receiving end sequentially captures multiple data signal segments in the data recording state to form a complete control instruction content.

[0097] When the receiving end determines that the current signal segment belongs to an end signal, it means that the data frame of the sending end has been transmitted. At this time, the receiving end switches from the data recording state to the analysis and execution state, and executes the corresponding control logic based on the command information recorded in the buffer area. For example, in a lamp application scenario, the receiving end calculates the final brightness level or color temperature combination according to the buffered data; in a motor control scenario, the receiving end adjusts the running speed or start / stop state of the motor according to the data frame content; and in a buzzer scenario, different buzzing modes can be selected according to the recorded parameters. After the analysis is completed, the receiving end outputs a specific control signal according to the decoding result to drive the corresponding load to perform the final action.

[0098] Optionally, in another embodiment of the present application, the sending end needs to determine the duration of each signal segment according to the operation signal when generating the data frame. In order to make the sending end and the receiving end still maintain communication consistency under the condition of no dedicated clock synchronization line, the present application selects the half cycle of the alternating current power signal as the basic unit of timing. It should be noted that the half cycle can be automatically determined according to the actual power supply frequency, for example, in the 50Hz alternating current power supply environment, the half cycle is about 10ms, and in the 60Hz condition, the half cycle is about 8.33ms. When determining the duration of the signal segment, the sending end takes an integer multiple of the half cycle as the minimum time resolution, so that the duration of different signal segments is naturally consistent with the physical cycle of the alternating current power supply, which is convenient for the receiving end to synchronize the start point of the signal segment using the zero-crossing point.

[0099] On this basis, the sending end distinguishes different control instructions by changing the combination mode of the signal segment duration. Specifically, the sending end can use a fixed multiple of the half cycle to represent the starting signal segment, and use another set of multiples to represent different data signal segments. For example, in the light control scene, the sending end can use a high level of continuous one half cycle as a data segment representing the brightness level "1", and use a high level of continuous two half cycles as a data segment representing the brightness level "2". When the user operates the gear switch to change the brightness, the gear recognition module outputs different operation signals, and the sending end selects the corresponding multiple combination to construct the data frame accordingly. With the duration of different signal segments being output in turn, the final time sequence waveform forms a complete data frame, which carries the control meaning of the current operation signal after encoding.

[0100] It should be noted that the combination of the signal segment duration of the present application is not limited to light control, but can also be extended to fan speed regulation, motor control, buzzer mode switching and other devices that require multi-gear or multi-parameter setting. The sending end only needs to define the corresponding time combination mode of each control instruction in advance, so as to realize the encoding of different types of commands by modulating the single fire line level duration without changing the hardware structure. This half cycle integer multiple based duration encoding method is extremely simple in implementation, and has the advantages of strong anti-interference ability, good time consistency and expandable coding space, so that the traditional single fire line structure has the multi-functional communication ability that cannot be realized originally.

[0101] Further, the sending end needs to ensure that the starting time of different signal segments is consistent when outputting the modulated signal, so that the receiving end can accurately decode based on the duration. To this end, the sending end uses the zero-crossing point of the alternating current power supply as a synchronization reference when generating the modulated signal. In a typical application scenario, the alternating current power supply presents periodic high and low level changes after rectification, and the sending end determines the time when the alternating current power supply voltage crosses zero by monitoring the zero-crossing point signal output by the zero-crossing detection circuit. When the zero-crossing point is detected, the sending end takes it as the starting point of the signal segment, so that each signal segment is synchronized with the alternating current power supply cycle.

[0102] It should be noted that the zero-crossing synchronization can offset the phase shift caused by the power fluctuation, so that the data frame structure output by the sending end in different cycles has high consistency, and the receiving end can also use the same zero-crossing point as a reference, thereby maintaining the stability of the decoding process. If the zero-crossing synchronization mechanism is not used, the starting point of the signal segment of the sending end may be dithered due to the rectifier conduction delay, power supply noise or load change, resulting in an error in the measurement of the duration by the receiving end, and thus affecting the accuracy of the entire communication protocol.

[0103] After the sending end completes the output of the signal segments of the entire data frame, the rectifier circuit needs to be restored to the off state, so that the single fire line returns to the normal power supply waveform, so that the load device such as a lamp or a motor can continue to work according to the standard alternating current waveform after the data frame transmission is completed. The restoration action here is usually realized by turning off the field effect tube or bidirectional thyristor used to control the conduction of the rectifier, so that the single fire line voltage returns to the state of changing with the alternating current power supply itself. By this processing mode, it can be avoided that the single fire line appears continuous high level due to long time maintaining the rectifier conduction, so that the controlled device cannot obtain normal alternating current power supply, thereby ensuring that the communication process and the device operation do not interfere with each other.

[0104] Optionally, with reference to Figure 3 In a typical embodiment of the present application, the receiving end can be integrated into a lamp driving circuit, a motor control board, a buzzer driving module or other devices that need to be controlled through a single fire line. The receiving end and the sending end share a single fire line as a power supply and signal transmission channel, and identifies the modulated signal formed by the sending end based on rectifier control to realize reliable decoding of multiple types of control instructions.

[0105] The receiving end is usually provided with a zero-crossing detection circuit for detecting the zero point of the AC power waveform. It should be noted that the zero-crossing detection circuit can be constituted by means of an optocoupler, resistance voltage division plus Schmitt trigger, operational amplifier comparison circuit, etc., and its essential function is to output a clear pulse signal when the AC voltage crosses the zero point. The receiving end takes this as a synchronization reference, so that the subsequent level sampling and duration measurement can be consistent with the AC power cycle, avoiding decoding deviation caused by power waveform distortion or line impedance changes.

[0106] In order to obtain the signal segment features output by the sending end in the data frame, the receiving end is configured with a signal judgment module, and the zero-crossing point signal is taken as the trigger basis for sampling timing. After each zero-crossing point pulse arrives, the signal judgment module starts to periodically read the level state of the single fire wire. When the single fire wire presents a stable first level, the signal judgment module starts the internal counting logic to record the duration of the level in the form of timer accumulation or fixed sampling number accumulation. As soon as the first level is detected to change to the second level, the counting stops, and the real time length of the signal segment in the modulated signal is obtained.

[0107] The receiving end uses the obtained duration to make a judgment according to the preset time interval, so as to determine the type of the current signal segment in the protocol system. It should be noted that the signal types here include three types of start signal, data signal and end signal, and the data frame structure positions of different signal types are different, and different control meanings are carried. According to the specific protocol design, the start signal usually corresponds to a shorter duration, which is used to inform the receiving end to enter the data receiving mode; the data signal can correspond to different control bits or parameters according to the different duration; the end signal generally has a longer duration, which is used to identify the end of the data frame.

[0108] When the signal type is identified, the protocol decoding module processes it. The protocol decoding module converts the signal segment sequence into specific control commands according to the predetermined protocol mapping relationship of different signal types. For example, if consecutive data signals correspond to different gears, modes or parameters, the decoding module will combine them into complete command data in sequence. When the end signal is detected, the protocol decoding module submits the recorded data to the host module for execution.

[0109] The master control module usually includes a microcontroller unit or a logic control circuit for driving the corresponding load to perform the final action according to the control signal generated by the protocol decoding module. For example, when the receiving end is used for lamp control, the master control module adjusts the LED drive current or the PWM duty cycle after receiving the brightness control command; when the receiving end is used for motor control, the master control module can adjust the speed gear or start / stop state of the motor; in the buzzer control application, the master control module can switch different prompt sound modes. The application enables the receiving end to reliably identify the data frame from the sending end in a single firewire environment, thereby realizing multifunctional and expandable intelligent control.

[0110] The receiving end structure of the embodiment of the application can significantly enhance the communication capability and anti-interference performance of the single firewire system, so that it can still support complex control logic under the traditional electrical wiring framework without increasing additional communication cables or wireless modules, thereby effectively reducing the cost and improving the system stability.

[0111] Optionally, referring to Figure 4 In a typical embodiment of the application, the sending end is usually arranged in a wall switch or a separate controller, and the design goal is to transmit control instructions containing a specific data frame structure to the receiving end by modulating the AC power waveform through a rectifier circuit under the traditional single firewire structure. To achieve the above function, the sending end is internally provided with a complete circuit system for obtaining user operation, generating a data frame, and outputting a modulated signal.

[0112] The sending end first includes a gear recognition module, which is generally composed of a waveband knob switch and a gear recognition chip matched therewith. In a common configuration, different gears of the waveband switch RS25 correspond to different on combinations of pins, and the gear recognition chip (such as S14030200) generates a control signal corresponding to the gear by detecting the high-low level change of the pins. It should be noted that the control signal is not only used to simply indicate the switch state, but also serves as the input of the data frame generation module for determining the configuration mode of the subsequent signal segment duration, thus playing a role of encoding trigger in the application.

[0113] The sending end also includes a data frame generation module, which mainly converts the control signal into a data frame structure composed of a start signal segment, a data signal segment, and an end signal segment. In the embodiment of the application, the module takes the half cycle of the AC power signal as the basic timing unit, and determines the duration of each signal segment through an internal timer. For example, under the condition of 50Hz power supply, the sending end takes 10ms as the basic unit, selects different multiple combinations according to the control signal, and forms a signal segment sequence for expressing different instructions. The data frame is essentially a time structure definition, which specifies the high level duration and switching sequence of the subsequent modulated signal output on the single firewire.

[0114] In order to enable the data frame to be transmitted to the receiving end in the form of a physical signal, the sending end is provided with a rectification control module. The module is electrically connected with the gear recognition module and is usually composed of a field effect tube, a bidirectional thyristor and a diode rectification network, and can control the conduction and shutdown of the rectification circuit according to the duration of each signal segment in the data frame. In actual work, when a certain signal segment needs to be output, the rectification control module makes the rectification circuit enter the conduction state, so that the single fire line presents a continuous high level in the corresponding time period; when the duration of the signal segment reaches the set value, the rectification control module closes the rectification path, so that the single fire line returns to the natural waveform of the alternating current power supply, thereby forming a modulated signal with high and low levels distributed at intervals. The sending end maps the logical data frame into a transmittable voltage waveform by this way, for the receiving end to identify the duration of the level.

[0115] It should be noted that, since the modulated signal is directly superimposed on the power supply voltage of the single fire line, the sending end must have synchronization and protection functions. The synchronization and protection module provided by the present application is used to ensure that the rectification path can be closed in time after the output of the modulated signal, so that the single fire line returns to the normal alternating current power supply state, so as to avoid the lamp or load from being unable to obtain complete alternating current waveform due to long-time rectification conduction. In addition, the module can also provide overcurrent, overtemperature or abnormal load protection logic for the rectifier device as needed, to ensure the stability and safety of the entire system during long-time operation.

[0116] The rectification control module in the sending end can adopt a rectification control link composed of a field effect tube and a bidirectional conduction transistor, so as to control the rectification of the alternating current power supply waveform under the control of the data frame generation module. In specific implementation, after determining the duration of each signal segment, the data frame generation module drives the field effect tube inside the sending end through an output control pulse, so that it remains in the conduction or shutdown state during the corresponding signal segment. It should be noted that the field effect tube usually adopts an enhancement mode MOSFET, such as AO3402, whose gate is directly connected to the control port of the data frame generation module, for converting the logic level signal into the driving capability of the rectification circuit.

[0117] The conduction state of the field effect tube further controls the opening and closing of the bidirectional conduction transistor connected thereto. Typically, the bidirectional conduction transistor adopts a bidirectional thyristor or a bidirectional thyristor, such as C106DG or T4D5-6B, and is triggered by the driving current provided by the field effect tube. When the data frame generation module enters the duration interval of a certain signal segment, the gate of the field effect tube driven by the data frame generation module remains at a high level, so that the bidirectional thyristor is in a triggered conduction state, and the positive and negative half cycles of the alternating current power supply can be rectified through the bidirectional thyristor, so that the single fire line voltage presents a stable high level state in the signal segment.

[0118] At the end of the signal segment, the data frame generation module terminates the driving of the field effect transistor, causing the field effect transistor to turn off, thereby cutting off the gate driving current of the bidirectional thyristor and causing it to automatically exit the conducting state at the next current zero crossing. At this time, the single-hot-line voltage returns to the unrectified AC waveform, forming the low-level interval in the modulation signal. By sequentially controlling the conduction and turn-off of the field effect transistor between multiple signal segments, the sending end can form a modulation waveform composed of different durations on the single-hot-line, and the time structure of the waveform corresponds one-to-one to the logical structure of the data frame, so that the receiving end can recognize the meaning of different signal segments through duration counting.

[0119] Further, with reference to Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the hardware structure of the sending end can refer to the two-part circuit as shown in the figure, including a gear recognition module circuit for generating control signals and a rectification control module circuit for outputting modulation signals. The sending end is installed inside the wall dimming panel or switch panel, uses the single-hot-line as the only signal and power supply channel, and realizes data frame transmission based on time modulation.

[0120] Illustratively, the gear recognition module includes a gear recognition chip and a waveband switch, the input end of the gear recognition chip is connected with the waveband switch, the waveband switch is provided with twelve gears, the gear recognition chip generates corresponding twelve control signals according to the twelve gears in response to the twelve gears, and the control signals are connected with the rectification control module through the output end;

[0121] Illustratively, the rectification control module includes a rectification circuit, wherein the gate of the field effect transistor is connected with the output end of the gear recognition module, the drain of the field effect transistor is connected with the gate of the bidirectional conducting transistor, the first end of the bidirectional conducting transistor is grounded, the second end of the bidirectional conducting transistor is connected with the first resistor, the second end of the first resistor is grounded, the second end of the bidirectional conducting transistor is connected with the anode of the first diode, the cathode of the first diode is connected with the first end of the alternating current power supply, the cathode of the first diode is connected with the anode of the second diode, the cathode of the second diode is connected with the cathode of the third diode, the cathode of the second diode is connected with the anode of the fourth diode, the cathode of the fourth diode is connected with the DC end, the anode of the third diode is connected with the second end of the alternating current power supply, the anode of the third diode is connected with the cathode of the fifth diode, and the cathode of the fifth diode is grounded;

[0122] The first end of the alternating current power supply is connected with the hot-line input end of the receiving end;

[0123] The second end of the alternating current power supply is connected with the hot-line end of the commercial power supply;

[0124] The cathode of the second diode is connected with the cathode of the zener diode, the anode of the zener diode is connected with the first end of the second resistor, and the second end of the second resistor is grounded; the anode of the zener diode is connected with the first end of the first capacitor, and the second end of the first capacitor is grounded; the anode of the zener diode is connected with the gate of the unidirectional thyristor.

[0125] The cathode of the second diode is connected with the anode of the unidirectional thyristor, and the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor is grounded.

[0126] It can be understood that the gate of the field effect tube responds to the operation signal emitted by the gear recognition chip, and the operation signal includes but is not limited to a waveform voltage signal. The gate of the field effect tube follows the control of the waveform voltage signal and follows the conversion rule of the data frame to realize the turn-on and turn-off of the rectifier circuit, so as to form a modulation signal containing data frame information in the live wire.

[0127] As shown in Figure 6 , the modulation signal is a voltage signal embodied in the live wire.

[0128] Optionally, referring to Figure 7 , in one specific embodiment of the present application, the communication system is composed of a sending end installed in a wall position and a receiving end integrated in a lamp or other load device, and the two are connected in communication through a single live wire in the traditional electrician wiring. The communication system does not need to add additional signal lines and does not rely on wireless communication, but modulates the single live wire voltage waveform to realize the encoding transmission and analysis of user instructions, so that the traditional electrician structure has the ability of multifunctional intelligent control.

[0129] In the application scenario shown in Figure 7 , the mains live wire L enters the load side control panel through the single live wire switch at the wall surface, and the zero line N is directly connected in parallel to the control panel to provide a loop for power supply of the load. The sending end is arranged in the single live wire switch. When the user operates the wave band switch to adjust the gear, the sending end generates a corresponding control signal through the gear recognition module, and forms a data frame structure composed of a start signal segment, a data signal segment and an end signal segment according to the control signal. The sending end outputs the corresponding modulation signal on the single live wire through the rectifier control module, so that the alternating current power source presents a controlled rectified high level state in a specific time period, and returns to an alternating low level or a natural alternating waveform in the non-signal segment.

[0130] The receiving end is located in a power supply driving board, and is internally provided with a zero-crossing detection circuit and an MCU main control module. The zero-crossing detection circuit detects the zero-crossing point of the waveform of an external alternating power supply, and provides a reference signal for synchronous sampling to the main control module. The main control module periodically reads the high and low levels of a single firewire voltage according to the synchronous signal, and counts the duration of continuous high level. When a level change is detected, the main control module compares the duration with a preset time interval to determine the type of the current signal segment. After receiving a start signal, the receiving end enters a data recording state; after receiving a plurality of data signal segments, the corresponding encoding information of each segment is recorded in a buffer area; when an end signal segment is received, the receiving end executes command analysis according to the recorded data, and controls the load device to perform corresponding operations, such as changing the brightness of a lamp, switching the color temperature, adjusting the motor speed, or triggering a buzzer prompt, etc.

[0131] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application, and any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation using the content of the specification and drawings of the present application, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A communication method for single-wire signal transmission, characterized in that, The transmitting end and the receiving end establish a communication connection based on a single live wire. The transmitting end is equipped with a gear position recognition module for generating a corresponding control signal based on the selected gear. The receiving end periodically reads the I / O level status of the single live wire. The communication method includes: The transmitting end responds to the control signal, using half a cycle of the AC power signal as a time reference, and determines the duration of each signal segment according to the control signal. The transmitting end outputs signal segments in a preset time sequence to form data frames, so that the receiving end can parse the control signals from the data frames. The transmitting end controls the conduction state of the rectifier circuit to perform full-wave rectification on the AC power waveform, which is used to form a modulation signal including data frames on the single live line for the receiving end to decode. When the receiving end receives the modulated signal from the transmitting end, it extracts the data frame using the zero-crossing point of the AC power supply as the time reference. The receiving end counts the duration of the first level of the data frame until the level state of the data frame changes to the second level state, at which point the counting stops. The receiving end determines the signal type based on the duration of the first level obtained by counting, performs protocol decoding according to the determined signal type, generates a control signal, and executes the corresponding control operation. The signal segment includes a start signal segment, a data signal segment, and an end signal segment; The signal types include start signals, data signals, and end signals.

2. The communication method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The receiving end determines the signal type based on the duration of the first level obtained from counting, including: When the duration of the first level is within the first time interval, the signal type is determined to be a start signal; When the duration of the first level is within the second time interval, the signal type is determined to be a data signal; When the duration of the first level is within the third time interval, the signal type is determined to be an end signal; The duration interval is divided based on integer multiples of half a cycle of the AC power signal.

3. The communication method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The receiving end determines the level state transition by detecting the falling or rising edge of the single live wire level, thereby triggering the start or stop of the duration counting.

4. The communication method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After determining the signal type, the receiving end executes the decoding process in the manner of a protocol state machine; Among them, it enters the data recording state when the start signal is received; Record the corresponding command information when a data signal is received; Upon receiving the end signal, it enters the parsing and execution state.

5. The communication method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The transmitting end determines the duration of each signal segment based on the control signal, including: The minimum duration is an integer multiple of half a cycle of the AC power signal, and corresponding control commands are generated according to different combinations of signal segment durations, so that the control signal is encoded to form a corresponding data frame structure.

6. The communication method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When the transmitting end outputs the modulated signal, it uses the zero-crossing point of the AC power waveform as the synchronization reference to ensure that the start time of each signal segment is aligned with the AC power cycle. After the data frame transmission is completed, the rectifier circuit is controlled to return to the off state.

7. A receiving end, performing the communication method as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The transmitting end and the receiving end establish a communication connection based on a single live wire, wherein the receiving end includes: The zero-crossing detection circuit is used to detect the zero-crossing signal of the AC power supply waveform and output a synchronous reference signal. The signal determination module is used to periodically read the IO level state of a single live wire under the control of the synchronization reference signal, and count the duration of the first level state; and The signal type is determined based on the duration of the first level state, and the signal type includes a start signal, a data signal, and an end signal. The protocol decoding module is used to decode the signal according to the signal type and the preset protocol mapping relationship to generate control signals; The main control module is used to execute corresponding control operations based on the control signals.

8. A transmitting end, performing the communication method as described in any one of claims 5 to 6, characterized in that, The transmitting end and the receiving end establish a communication connection based on a single live wire, wherein the transmitting end includes: The gear position recognition module includes a band switch and a gear position recognition chip, which is used to output a corresponding control signal according to the gear position of the band switch; wherein, the gear position recognition chip generates a corresponding level signal based on the connection state of different pins of the band switch, and outputs the level signal as the control signal; The data frame generation module, electrically connected to the gear position recognition module, is used to determine the duration of the start signal segment, data signal segment, and end signal segment based on the control signal, using half a cycle of the AC power signal as a time reference; and The data frame is used to combine multiple modulated signals in a preset order according to the duration of the signal segment to form a data frame including a start signal segment, a data signal segment, and an end signal segment. The data frame is used to define the time structure of the modulated signal output on a single live wire. The rectifier control module, which is electrically connected to the gear position recognition module, is used to control the rectifier circuit to output a modulation signal corresponding to the signal segment on the single live line according to the duration of each signal segment in the data frame, and to rectify and turn on or off the AC power waveform during the duration of the modulation signal. The rectification control module is also used to output the modulation signal to the single live wire so that the receiving end can perform decoding based on the level duration. The synchronization and protection module is used to control the rectifier circuit to return to the disconnected state after the modulation signal is transmitted.

9. The transmitting end as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The rectification control module includes a field-effect transistor driven by the data frame generation module and a bidirectional conduction transistor connected to the field-effect transistor. It is used to control the rectification and switching on and off of the AC power waveform based on the data frame, so as to form a modulation signal corresponding to the data frame on the single live line.

10. A communication system, characterized in that, The communication system includes a receiver and a transmitter, wherein the receiver is used to perform the communication method as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, and the transmitter is used to perform the communication method as described in any one of claims 5 to 6.

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