Reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicle capable of flexibly residing

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicles, in particular to a reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicle capable of flexibly residing, which comprises a fuselage main body, a reconnaissance camera is arranged on the side surface of the fuselage main body, and two groups of foldable undercarriages are arranged on the fuselage main body. Each foldable undercarriage comprises two fixed supporting pipes which are arranged in parallel and a supporting frame which is horizontally arranged, and the upper ends of the fixed supporting pipes are hinged to the fuselage main body; during flight, the pneumatic swing mechanism drives the fixed supporting pipe to be attached to the fuselage main body, the telescopic arm retracts into the fixed supporting pipe, air resistance is reduced, flight efficiency is improved, meanwhile, an exposed structure is prevented from colliding with an obstacle, and equipment safety is guaranteed; and during residence, the fixed supporting pipe automatically expands, the telescopic arm synchronously extends out, the supporting span is expanded, the ground or water surface landing stability is improved, the problems that an existing unmanned aerial vehicle support is tedious in operation and poor in adaptability are solved, automatic folding and telescopic integration of an undercarriage is achieved, and the unmanned aerial vehicle can adapt to flight and residence scenes without manual intervention.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, and more specifically to a reconnaissance UAV capable of flexible loitering. Background Technology

[0002] Reconnaissance drones have been widely used in various scenarios such as hydrological monitoring, environmental reconnaissance, and emergency search and rescue. Some missions require simultaneous aerial patrols and fixed-point reconnaissance on the water surface.

[0003] However, most existing drones have fixed bottom support legs, which generate significant air resistance during flight, reducing flight efficiency. Furthermore, fixed supports are prone to collisions with aerial obstacles, leading to equipment damage. The few drones with foldable supports require manual intervention for folding and unfolding, failing to automatically adapt to flight and loitering scenarios, making operation cumbersome. Additionally, for water surface reconnaissance, dedicated amphibious drones have fixed buoy structures, resulting in high drag and poor maneuverability during flight, making efficient aerial reconnaissance impossible. Ordinary drones must complete water surface reconnaissance through continuous low-altitude flight, consuming large amounts of energy, limiting endurance, and prone to overheating during prolonged flight, affecting mission continuity and hindering stable water surface loitering. This results in significant energy waste due to reliance on continuous flight. Therefore, this paper proposes a reconnaissance drone capable of flexible loitering, enabling seamless switching between efficient aerial flight and stable water surface loitering, reducing energy consumption and ensuring flight safety. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems in the prior art, this invention provides a reconnaissance drone capable of flexible loitering, which can flexibly switch between efficient aerial flight and stable loitering on the water surface, reducing energy consumption and ensuring flight safety.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is a reconnaissance drone capable of flexible loitering, comprising a main body, a reconnaissance camera mounted on the side of the main body, two sets of foldable landing gear on the main body, each foldable landing gear including two parallel fixed support tubes and a horizontally mounted support frame, the upper end of the fixed support tubes being hinged to the main body, a telescopic arm being threadedly connected to the fixed support tubes, the lower end of the telescopic arm being rotatably connected to the support frame, a pneumatic swing mechanism being connected between the fixed support tubes and the main body, a transmission component being connected between the telescopic arm and the main body, and a float structure communicating with the pneumatic swing mechanism being provided on the support frame.

[0006] Specifically, the transmission component includes a support plate disposed on the upper inner side of the fixed support tube, a support shaft rotatably connected to the support plate, a gear coaxially connected to the upper end of the support shaft, a sliding positioning groove disposed inside the telescopic arm, a positioning slide rod slidably connected inside the sliding positioning groove, the upper end of the positioning slide rod being connected to the support shaft, a slot corresponding to the gear being provided on the fixed support tube, and an arc-shaped rack meshing with the gear being fixedly connected to the outer side of the main body.

[0007] Specifically, the pneumatic swing mechanism includes a miniature air pump installed inside the main body of the machine body, a support ring fixedly connected between the two sets of fixed support pipes, a rotating ring rotatably connected to the support ring, an automatically retractable cylinder fixedly connected to the rotating ring, the cylinder communicating with the miniature air pump, and the output end of the cylinder hinged to the side of the main body of the machine body.

[0008] Specifically, a retaining ring is fixedly connected to the lower part of the telescopic arm, and a floating sealing ring that is slidably connected to the telescopic arm is provided below the retaining ring. A sleeve is fixedly connected to the upper end of the floating sealing ring.

[0009] There is a gap for air intake between the sliding positioning groove and the positioning slide rod. The cylinder is connected to the middle of the fixed support tube through a pressure relief valve and pipeline. An air outlet is connected to the outside of the casing. A through hole corresponding to the casing is connected to the lower end of the sliding positioning groove. A spray structure for cleaning the reconnaissance camera is provided on the outside of the main body. The air outlet is connected to the spray structure.

[0010] Specifically, the spray structure includes a spray gun fixedly connected to the side of the main body of the machine, a liquid storage tank for storing cleaning fluid is provided inside the main body of the machine, the liquid inlet channel of the spray gun is connected to the liquid storage tank through a pipeline, and the air outlet is connected to the air inlet channel of the spray gun through a pipeline.

[0011] Specifically, the float structure includes mounting slots at both ends of the support frame, with an elastic inflatable float connected in the mounting slot. The support frame has a connecting channel, one end of which is connected to the interior of the sliding positioning slot, and the other end of which is connected to the interior of the elastic inflatable float.

[0012] Specifically, the outer side of the casing is fixedly connected with several sets of circumferentially distributed floating plates.

[0013] Specifically, an anti-slip pad is embedded in the middle of the support frame.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0015] (1) The reconnaissance drone described in this invention can flexibly stay. During flight, the aerodynamic swing mechanism drives the fixed support tube to stick to the main body of the fuselage and the telescopic arm retracts into the fixed support tube, which reduces air resistance and improves flight efficiency. At the same time, it avoids the exposed structure from colliding with obstacles and ensures equipment safety. During stay, the fixed support tube automatically expands and the telescopic arm extends synchronously to expand the support span and improve the stability of landing on the ground or water. It solves the problems of cumbersome operation and poor adaptability of existing drone support. It realizes the automatic folding and extension of the landing gear and can adapt to flight and stay scenarios without manual intervention.

[0016] (2) The reconnaissance drone described in this invention can flexibly stay on the water surface. When staying on the water surface, it automatically switches to an elastic inflatable float via a floating sealing ring. The float is quickly inflated to form symmetrical buoyancy support, so that the drone can achieve long-term fixed-point reconnaissance without continuous low-altitude flight, which significantly reduces energy consumption and avoids equipment overheating. When taking off, the float automatically retracts to reduce flight resistance. This solves the problems of poor flexibility of dedicated waterborne drones and limited water surface reconnaissance endurance of ordinary drones, and takes into account both aerial flight and stable water surface stay.

[0017] (3) The reconnaissance drone described in this invention can flexibly stay and automatically clean the reconnaissance camera with cleaning fluid during the water landing phase and water take-off phase, removing dust, water vapor, stains and other impurities, ensuring the clarity of the reconnaissance image, without the need for an additional power source or manual operation, thus ensuring the continuity and accuracy of the reconnaissance mission. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a side view of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the expanded elastic inflatable float of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the telescopic arm of the present invention when it is retracted into the fixed support tube;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the fixed support tube of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of region A;

[0025] Figure 7 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of region B;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the floating sealing ring and the housing of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of region C;

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the support frame structure of the present invention;

[0029] In the diagram: 1. Main body; 2. Reconnaissance camera; 3. Fixed support tube; 4. Support frame; 5. Telescopic arm; 6. Support plate; 7. Support shaft; 8. Gear; 9. Sliding positioning groove; 10. Positioning slide rod; 11. Slot; 12. Arc rack; 13. Support ring; 14. Rotating ring; 15. Cylinder; 16. Retaining ring; 17. Floating sealing ring; 18. Housing; 19. Gap; 20. Air outlet; 21. Through hole; 22. Spray gun; 23. Mounting groove; 24. Elastic inflatable float; 25. Connecting channel; 26. Float plate; 27. Anti-slip pad. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0031] To enable flexible switching between efficient aerial flight and stable waterborne presence, reduce energy consumption, and ensure flight safety, as one embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the reconnaissance drone capable of flexible loitering according to the present invention includes a main body 1. A reconnaissance camera 2 is provided on the side of the main body 1. The main body 1 is provided with two sets of foldable landing gears. Each foldable landing gear includes two parallel fixed support tubes 3 and a horizontally arranged support frame 4. The upper end of the fixed support tube 3 is hinged to the main body 1. A telescopic arm 5 is internally threaded to the fixed support tube 3. The lower end of the telescopic arm 5 is rotatably connected to the support frame 4. A pneumatic swing mechanism is connected between the fixed support tube 3 and the main body 1. A transmission component is connected between the telescopic arm 5 and the main body 1. A float structure communicating with the pneumatic swing mechanism is provided on the support frame 4.

[0032] During use, at takeoff, the pneumatic swing mechanism automatically resets, causing the fixed support tube 3 to swing towards the fuselage body 1, so that the fixed support tube 3 is finally in a vertical state and close to the fuselage body 1, effectively reducing air resistance during flight. During the swing, the fixed support tube 3 drives the telescopic arm 5 to rotate synchronously through the transmission component. The telescopic arm 5 will gradually retract into the fixed support tube 3, preventing the telescopic arm 5 and support frame 4 from being exposed and scraping against aerial obstacles during flight, thus ensuring the flight safety of the UAV.

[0033] When it is necessary to land on the water surface and carry out reconnaissance operations, as the main body 1 slowly descends, the pneumatic swing mechanism is driven, which causes the fixed support tube 3 to expand and swing away from the main body 1. At the same time, the telescopic arm 5 is driven to rotate in the opposite direction through the transmission component, so that the telescopic arm 5 gradually extends out of the fixed support tube 3, and drives the support frame 4 to move outward in sync, expanding the support span and improving the stability of the UAV during landing. When the fixed support tube 3 swings to the limit position, the pneumatic swing mechanism drives the float structure to start. The float structure provides stable buoyancy for the main body 1, so that the main body 1 floats steadily on the water surface, reducing energy consumption, avoiding overheating of the equipment due to long-term flight, and ensuring the continuity of the reconnaissance mission.

[0034] After completing the surface reconnaissance mission, the main body 1 of the drive fuselage is lifted upward. At this time, the float structure automatically returns to its initial state. At the same time, the aerodynamic swing mechanism drives the fixed support tube 3 to swing towards the main body 1 of the fuselage until it returns to a vertical position and is close to the fuselage. During this process, the transmission component drives the telescopic arm 5 to retract into the fixed support tube 3, thereby reducing the flight resistance.

[0035] To reduce air resistance during flight, for example, such as Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the present invention also includes the following: the transmission component includes a support plate 6 disposed on the upper inner side of the fixed support tube 3; a support shaft 7 is rotatably connected to the support plate 6; a gear 8 is coaxially connected to the upper end of the support shaft 7; a sliding positioning groove 9 is provided in the telescopic arm 5; a positioning slide rod 10 is slidably connected in the sliding positioning groove 9; the upper end of the positioning slide rod 10 is connected to the support shaft 7; a slot 11 corresponding to the gear 8 is provided on the fixed support tube 3; and an arc-shaped rack 12 that meshes with the gear 8 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the main body 1.

[0036] When the drone takes off, the pneumatic swing mechanism drives the fixed support tube 3 to swing towards the main body 1. During this process, the arc rack 12 meshes with the gear 8 to drive the support shaft 7 to rotate synchronously. When the support shaft 7 rotates, it drives the positioning slide rod 10 to rotate. The positioning slide rod 10 and the sliding positioning groove 9 slide together to drive the telescopic arm 5 to rotate, and finally the telescopic arm 5 retracts into the fixed support tube 3, reducing air resistance during flight, improving the drone's flight efficiency and endurance, and avoiding the risk of collision with aerial obstacles caused by the exposed telescopic arm 5 and support frame 4.

[0037] When the drone needs to land, especially when landing on water, the pneumatic swing mechanism drives the fixed support tube 3 to swing away from the main body 1. At this time, the arc rack 12 meshes with the gear 8 to drive the support shaft 7 to rotate in the opposite direction. The positioning slide rod 10 then drives the telescopic arm 5 to rotate in the opposite direction. Under the action of the threaded engagement, the telescopic arm 5 gradually extends out from the fixed support tube 3 and simultaneously drives the support frame 4 to expand outward, increasing the support span of the foldable landing gear, enhancing the stress stability of the drone during landing, and preventing the fuselage from tilting or overturning during landing.

[0038] To ensure the stability of the fuselage body 1 during landing, for example, such as Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the present invention also includes a pneumatic swing mechanism comprising a miniature air pump disposed inside the main body 1, a support ring 13 fixedly connected between the two sets of fixed support pipes 3, a rotating ring 14 rotatably connected to the support ring 13, an automatically retractable cylinder 15 fixedly connected to the rotating ring 14, the cylinder 15 communicating with the miniature air pump, and the output end of the cylinder 15 hinged to the side of the main body 1.

[0039] When in use, after the UAV takes off and moves upward, the support frame 4 detaches from the ground and is reset by the automatic retraction characteristic of the cylinder 15. The cylinder 15 pulls the rotating ring 14 to drive the two sets of fixed support tubes 3 to swing synchronously towards the fuselage body 1, so that the fixed support tubes 3 are in a vertical state. At the same time, the transmission component completes the retraction action of the telescopic arm 5. This process does not require manual intervention and realizes the automatic folding and attachment of the landing gear, which simplifies the operation process, reduces air resistance during flight, and avoids collision damage caused by the exposed fixed support tubes 3 and telescopic arm 5.

[0040] When the drone needs to land on the ground or water, the micro air pump is turned on. The micro air pump supplies air to the cylinder 15, which drives the cylinder 15 to extend. The cylinder 15 drives the two sets of fixed support tubes 3 to expand and swing away from the main body 1. At the same time, the transmission component enables the telescopic arm 5 to extend outward synchronously, which improves the force stability of the drone during landing and avoids the body tilting and overturning.

[0041] When the support frame 4 contacts the ground or water surface, the fixed support tube 3 forms a mechanical limit due to being in the maximum expansion state. At this time, the cylinder 15 cannot rely on the automatic retraction characteristic to achieve reset, ensuring the stability of the support structure. If it lands on the water surface, this expansion state can also provide stability for the float structure. Together with the float structure, the main body 1 of the fuselage floats steadily, allowing for long-term reconnaissance operations without continuous flight, significantly reducing energy consumption, preventing the equipment from overheating due to long-term flight, and ensuring the continuity of the reconnaissance mission.

[0042] For example, such as Figure 5 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, the present invention also includes a retaining ring 16 fixedly connected to the lower part of the telescopic arm 5, a floating sealing ring 17 slidably connected to the telescopic arm 5 below the retaining ring 16, and a sleeve 18 fixedly connected to the upper end of the floating sealing ring 17.

[0043] There is a gap 19 between the sliding positioning groove 9 and the positioning slide rod 10 for air intake. The cylinder 15 is connected to the middle of the fixed support pipe 3 through a pressure relief valve and pipeline. The outer side of the housing 18 is connected to an air outlet 20. The lower end of the sliding positioning groove 9 is connected to a through hole 21 corresponding to the housing 18. The outer side of the main body 1 is provided with a spray structure for cleaning the reconnaissance camera 2. The air outlet 20 is connected to the spray structure.

[0044] When in use, the UAV performs a water landing mission. The micro air pump drives the fixed support tube 3 to expand to the preset angle. After the telescopic arm 5 is fully extended, the output end of the cylinder 15 reaches the extension limit. At this time, the micro air pump continues to supply air. Excess gas is introduced into the middle of the fixed support tube 3 through the pressure relief valve and pipeline. The support plate 6 can effectively ensure the sealing performance inside the fixed support tube 3 and prevent gas from leaking from the slot 11. The gas flows into the sliding positioning groove 9 along the gap 19 between the sliding positioning groove 9 and the positioning slide rod 10, and then enters the housing 18 through the through hole 21 at the lower end of the sliding positioning groove 9. Finally, it is led out to the spray structure through the air outlet 20, which drives the spray structure to start. The spray structure sprays cleaning fluid onto the reconnaissance camera 2, automatically removing dust, water vapor, water droplets or oil stains and other impurities attached to the camera surface. It can achieve instant cleaning of the camera during the landing phase without manual remote control or additional power source, avoiding dirt from obstructing the reconnaissance field of view and ensuring the clarity and accuracy of the reconnaissance image during the water stay, providing reliable visual protection for subsequent long-term fixed-point reconnaissance.

[0045] As the main body 1 continues to move downward, when the support frame 4 contacts the water surface, the buoyancy of the water pushes the floating sealing ring 17 to slide upward along the telescopic arm 5 until it fits against the retaining ring 16 to achieve a limit. At this time, the inner side of the floating sealing ring 17 is aligned with the through hole 21 at the lower end of the sliding positioning groove 9. The through hole 21 is blocked by the floating sealing ring 17. After the through hole 21 is sealed, the gas conduction path is automatically switched. The gas that subsequently enters the sliding positioning groove 9 can no longer flow to the spray structure, but is instead introduced into the interior of the float structure to provide power for the float structure.

[0046] It should be noted that the floating sealing ring 17 can rotate and slide with the telescopic arm 5 to prevent the floating sealing ring 17 from rotating synchronously when the telescopic arm 5 rotates.

[0047] It should also be noted that the threaded connection between the telescopic arm 5 and the fixed support pipe 3 is achieved by setting a threaded structure on the outside of the telescopic arm 5 and a threaded structure on the lower inside of the fixed support pipe 3; an elastic sealing ring can be connected to the top outer side of the telescopic arm 5, which slides and seals against the inner wall of the fixed support pipe 3, further preventing gas leakage from the lower end of the fixed support pipe 3.

[0048] To facilitate cleaning of surveillance camera 2, for example, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also includes a spray gun 22 fixedly connected to the side of the main body 1 of the machine body, a liquid storage tank for storing cleaning fluid is provided inside the main body 1, the liquid inlet channel of the spray gun 22 is connected to the liquid storage tank through a pipeline, and the air outlet 20 is connected to the air inlet channel of the spray gun 22 through a pipeline.

[0049] When the drone lands, the gas is discharged through the air outlet 20 on the outside of the casing 18 and introduced into the air intake channel of the spray gun 22 through the pipeline. At the same time, the cleaning fluid stored in the storage tank is drawn into the spray gun 22. The cleaning fluid is sprayed directionally through the nozzle of the spray gun 22 onto the surface of the reconnaissance camera 2 on the side of the main body 1, flows along the camera lens and carries away the dirt, thus completing the automatic cleaning.

[0050] To facilitate fixed-point reconnaissance while the main body 1 floats on the water, for example, such as Figure 3 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown, the present invention also includes the following: the float structure includes mounting grooves 23 at both ends of the support frame 4, an elastic inflatable float 24 is connected in the mounting grooves 23, the support frame 4 is provided with a connecting channel 25, one end of the connecting channel 25 is connected to the interior of the sliding positioning groove 9, and the other end of the connecting channel 25 is connected to the interior of the elastic inflatable float 24.

[0051] When the UAV lands on the water, after the support frame 4 contacts the water surface, the buoyancy of the water pushes the floating sealing ring 17 to move upward along the telescopic arm 5 and fits against the retaining ring 16, blocking the through hole 21 and switching the gas conduction path to the inside of the sliding positioning groove 9. At this time, the gas delivered by the pneumatic swing mechanism is continuously injected into the elastic inflatable float 24 through the sliding positioning groove 9 and the connecting channel 25. The elastic inflatable float 24 expands rapidly under the action of gas pressure, forming a symmetrically distributed buoyancy support structure. After the elastic inflatable float 24 is inflated, it can stably support the main body 1 of the UAV to float on the water surface, avoiding the UAV from tilting, sinking or overturning, providing a stable base for long-term fixed-point reconnaissance. The gas delivery path is reused with the pneumatic swing mechanism, eliminating the need for additional inflation equipment, simplifying the structural design and reducing energy consumption. In addition, the elastic inflatable float 24 is fixed by the mounting groove 23, which can resist the impact of slight water surface fluctuations.

[0052] After completing the surface reconnaissance mission, the UAV takes off, the main body 1 rises, the floating sealing ring 17 loses buoyancy and slides down along the telescopic arm 5 to reset, and the through hole 21 at the lower end of the sliding positioning groove 9 reopens. At this time, the elastic inflatable float 24 contracts, and the gas in the elastic inflatable float 24 enters the housing 18 through the connecting channel 25, the sliding positioning groove 9, and the through hole 21. Then, it is introduced into the spray structure through the air outlet 20 on the outside of the housing 18. When the gas flows through the spray structure, it causes the spray gun 22 to spray directionally onto the surface of the reconnaissance camera 2, removing water stains, dust, plankton residue and other dirt that adhered during the reconnaissance process. This achieves secondary cleaning before takeoff without manual operation or additional power, ensuring a clear reconnaissance field of view after the main body 1 takes off, even after the foldable landing gear gets stuck in the mud, ensuring the reconnaissance accuracy during the aerial cruise phase. The elastic inflatable float 24 automatically retracts and becomes compact, reducing flight drag and maintaining flight flexibility.

[0053] For example, such as Figure 10 As shown, the present invention also includes a plurality of circumferentially distributed floating plates 26 fixedly connected to the outer side of the casing 18.

[0054] When in use, the circumferentially distributed floats 26 significantly increase the contact area with the water surface, enhancing instantaneous buoyancy. When the foldable landing gear sinks into the mud, it is easy to drive the floats 26 upward, thereby quickly pushing the floating sealing ring 17 upward along the telescopic arm 5, ensuring timely sealing of the through hole 21 and smooth switching of the gas conduction path, ensuring the rapid start-up of the subsequent float structure.

[0055] For example, such as Figure 3 , Figure 8 , Figure 10 As shown, the present invention also includes an anti-slip pad 27 embedded in the middle of the support frame 4.

[0056] When in use, the anti-slip mat 27 can increase the friction between the mat and the contact surface when the ground is dropped, forming an effective limit and preventing the cylinder 15 from driving the fixed support tube 3 to reset and swing to a vertical state. This ensures that the support structure maintains a stable expansion posture when the ground is stationary, and improves the reliability of ground operations.

[0057] When in use, after the UAV starts, the support frame 4 detaches from the ground, and the cylinder 15 returns to its original position due to its automatic retraction characteristic. This pulls the rotating ring 14, causing the two sets of fixed support tubes 3 to swing synchronously towards the fuselage body 1 until the fixed support tubes 3 are vertical and close to the fuselage body 1. During the swinging process of the fixed support tubes 3, the arc-shaped rack 12 on the outer side of the fuselage body 1 meshes with the gear 8 on the fixed support tube 3, driving the support shaft 7 to rotate, which in turn drives the positioning slide rod 10 to rotate. The positioning slide rod 10 cooperates with the sliding positioning groove 9 in the telescopic arm 5, causing the telescopic arm 5 to retract into the fixed support tube 3 along the threaded connection, completing the automatic folding of the landing gear and reducing air resistance during flight. After takeoff, the UAV enters the aerial cruise mode, relying on the folded landing gear structure to ensure flight flexibility and conduct aerial reconnaissance operations through the reconnaissance camera 2.

[0058] After aerial reconnaissance is completed, when ground stationing is required, the miniature air pump inside the main body 1 is activated to supply air to the cylinder 15, driving its output end to extend. This pushes the two sets of fixed support tubes 3 to expand and swing away from the main body 1. During the swinging of the fixed support tubes 3, the arc-shaped rack 12 and the gear 8 mesh in opposite directions, driving the support shaft 7 and the positioning slide rod 10 to rotate in opposite directions. This causes the telescopic arm 5 to gradually extend from the fixed support tube 3, simultaneously driving the support frame 4 to expand outward, increasing the support span. The UAV slowly descends. After the support frame 4 touches the ground, the fixed support tube 3 is in its maximum expansion state, forming a mechanical limit, and the cylinder 15 cannot be reset. The anti-slip pad 27 in the middle of the support frame 4 increases the friction with the ground, ensuring the stability of the support structure. The UAV can then station on the ground and conduct ground-based fixed-point reconnaissance through the reconnaissance camera 2.

[0059] When the drone needs to stay on the water surface, it slowly descends to the water surface. The micro air pump continuously supplies air. After the output end of the cylinder 15 reaches the extension limit, the excess gas is introduced into the middle of the fixed support pipe 3 through the pressure relief valve and pipeline. It flows into the sliding positioning groove 9 along the gap 19 between the sliding positioning groove 9 and the positioning slide rod 10, and then enters the housing 18 through the through hole 21. It is introduced into the spray structure through the air outlet 20. When the spray structure is activated, the cleaning liquid in the storage tank is drawn into the spray gun 22. The spray gun 22 sprays the cleaning liquid onto the reconnaissance camera 2 to remove surface dust, water vapor and other impurities, completing the camera cleaning during the landing phase.

[0060] After the support frame 4 contacts the water surface, the buoyancy of the water pushes the floating sealing ring 17 to slide upward along the telescopic arm 5 until it fits against the retaining ring 16, blocking the through hole 21 and switching the gas conduction path. The gas is then injected into the elastic inflatable float 24 through the sliding positioning groove 9 and the connecting channel 25. The elastic inflatable float 24 expands and unfolds rapidly, forming a symmetrical buoyancy support structure, which lifts the main body 1 to float steadily on the water surface. The float plate 26 on the outside of the shell 18 increases the contact area with the water surface, improves the instantaneous buoyancy, and ensures the stable start of the floating structure. The UAV enters the water surface dwell mode and conducts long-term fixed-point reconnaissance through the reconnaissance camera 2.

[0061] When the foldable landing gear gets stuck in the mud, it can easily drive the float plate 26 to move upward, thereby quickly pushing the floating sealing ring 17 to move upward along the telescopic arm 5, ensuring that the through hole 21 is sealed in time and the gas conduction path is smoothly switched, ensuring that the subsequent floating structure can start up quickly.

[0062] After completing a reconnaissance mission on the water or ground, the drone launch procedure is initiated, and the main body 1 of the drone rises upward. If the drone stays on the water and then returns, the floating sealing ring 17 loses buoyancy and slides down along the telescopic arm 5 to reset. The through hole 21 at the lower end of the sliding positioning groove 9 reopens. The elastic inflatable float 24 contracts, and the internal gas enters the housing 18 through the connecting channel 25, the sliding positioning groove 9, and the through hole 21. Then, it is introduced into the spray structure through the air outlet 20. The spray gun 22 sprays cleaning fluid onto the reconnaissance camera 2 again to remove water stains and residual impurities that adhered during the reconnaissance process, completing the secondary cleaning before takeoff.

[0063] The cylinder 15 resumes its automatic retraction characteristic, pulling the fixed support tube 3 to swing towards the fuselage body 1. At the same time, through the meshing transmission of the arc rack 12 and gear 8, it drives the telescopic arm 5 to retract into the fixed support tube 3, the landing gear returns to the folded state, the UAV enters the aerial cruise mode, returns to the designated location, and completes the entire reconnaissance operation process.

[0064] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A reconnaissance drone capable of flexible loitering, characterized in that, The fuselage includes a main body (1), a reconnaissance camera (2) is provided on the side of the main body (1), and two sets of foldable landing gears are provided on the main body (1). Each foldable landing gear includes two parallel fixed support tubes (3) and a horizontally arranged support frame (4). The upper end of the fixed support tube (3) is hinged to the main body (1), and a telescopic arm (5) is internally threaded on the fixed support tube (3). The lower end of the telescopic arm (5) is rotatably connected to the support frame (4). A pneumatic swing mechanism is connected between the fixed support tube (3) and the main body (1), and a transmission component is connected between the telescopic arm (5) and the main body (1). A float structure connected to the pneumatic swing mechanism is provided on the support frame (4).

2. The reconnaissance drone capable of flexible loitering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission component includes a support plate (6) set on the upper inner side of the fixed support tube (3), a support shaft (7) rotatably connected to the support plate (6), a gear (8) coaxially connected to the upper end of the support shaft (7), a sliding positioning groove (9) provided in the telescopic arm (5), a positioning slide rod (10) slidably connected in the sliding positioning groove (9), the upper end of the positioning slide rod (10) connected to the support shaft (7), a slot (11) corresponding to the gear (8) provided on the fixed support tube (3), and an arc-shaped rack (12) that meshes with the gear (8) fixedly connected to the outer side of the main body (1).

3. A reconnaissance drone capable of flexible loitering according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pneumatic swing mechanism includes a miniature air pump installed inside the main body (1), a support ring (13) fixedly connected between the two sets of fixed support pipes (3), a rotating ring (14) rotatably connected to the support ring (13), an automatic retraction type cylinder (15) fixedly connected to the rotating ring (14), the cylinder (15) being connected to the miniature air pump, and the output end of the cylinder (15) being hinged to the side of the main body (1).

4. A reconnaissance drone capable of flexible loitering according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lower part of the telescopic arm (5) is fixedly connected to a retaining ring (16), and a floating sealing ring (17) that is slidably connected to the telescopic arm (5) is provided below the retaining ring (16). A sleeve (18) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the floating sealing ring (17). There is a gap (19) for air intake between the sliding positioning groove (9) and the positioning slide rod (10). The cylinder (15) is connected to the middle of the fixed support pipe (3) through the pressure relief valve and pipeline. The outer side of the casing (18) is connected to the air outlet (20). The lower end of the sliding positioning groove (9) is connected to the through hole (21) corresponding to the casing (18). The outer side of the main body (1) is provided with a spray structure for cleaning the reconnaissance camera (2). The air outlet (20) is connected to the spray structure.

5. A reconnaissance drone capable of flexible loitering according to claim 4, characterized in that, The spray structure includes a spray gun (22) fixedly connected to the side of the main body (1). The main body (1) is provided with a liquid storage tank for storing cleaning fluid. The liquid inlet channel of the spray gun (22) is connected to the liquid storage tank through a pipeline. The air outlet (20) is connected to the air inlet channel of the spray gun (22) through a pipeline.

6. A reconnaissance drone capable of flexible loitering according to claim 5, characterized in that, The float structure includes mounting slots (23) at both ends of the support frame (4), and an elastic inflatable float (24) is connected in the mounting slots (23). The support frame (4) is provided with a connecting channel (25), one end of the connecting channel (25) is connected to the interior of the sliding positioning slot (9), and the other end of the connecting channel (25) is connected to the interior of the elastic inflatable float (24).

7. A reconnaissance drone capable of flexible loitering according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer side of the casing (18) is fixedly connected with several sets of circumferentially distributed floating plates (26).

8. A reconnaissance drone capable of flexible loitering according to claim 7, characterized in that, The support frame (4) is provided with an anti-slip pad (27) embedded in the middle.

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