Energy-saving wall body with high thermal resistance of directional radiation regulation and its management and control method and preparation method

Abstract

The application relates to a directional radiation regulated high-thermal-resistance energy-saving wall body and a management and control method and a preparation method thereof, solves the technical problems that the prior art lacks cross-season adaptation capability, is effective in a single season but unbalanced in cross seasons, and cannot meet the winter and summer thermal working requirements in cooperation, and the wall body comprises a three-layer composite structure: an outer layer of a white cement matrix with low iron and manganese content, which can realize high reflection of a sunlight spectrum and high emission of an atmospheric window band; a middle layer of composite white cement, polyacrylamide hydrogel, hollow glass microbeads and phase change material microcapsules, the hydrogel forms a three-dimensional network to fix and disperse components, the glass microbeads construct multistage pores to strengthen thermal resistance, and the phase change microcapsules store and release heat to stabilize temperature difference; and an inner layer of an electrostatic spraying metal powder layer, which has low infrared band emissivity and realizes directional radiation regulation. The application has the following effects: realizing cross-season precise adaptation of winter heat preservation and summer heat insulation, breaking through the limitation of "single-season effectiveness", greatly reducing building energy consumption, and significantly improving indoor thermal comfort stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of building energy conservation, and in particular to a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation, as well as its control and preparation methods. Background Technology

[0002] As a key component of building envelope, the thermal performance of walls directly determines the building's annual energy consumption and indoor thermal comfort. Traditional wall materials, due to inherent defects such as poor thermal inertia, insufficient thermal resistance, and high mid-infrared emissivity, have always been unable to meet the energy needs of both winter and summer. This has created a prominent contradiction: in summer, heat absorption and temperature rise exacerbate the indoor cooling load, while in winter, accelerated heat loss increases heating consumption.

[0003] To alleviate this problem, the industry has gradually developed related technologies such as high-reflectivity coatings, porous thermal insulation materials, phase change energy storage materials, and traditional radiative cooling walls. These technologies optimize wall performance from single dimensions such as reflecting solar radiation, suppressing conductive heat transfer, smoothing temperature fluctuations, and enhancing heat dissipation in summer, and have played a certain role in specific scenarios.

[0004] However, existing technologies suffer from a fundamental and widespread drawback: a complete lack of cross-seasonal adaptability. All technologies are designed around a single season or a single heat transfer requirement, failing to overcome the inherent limitation of being "effective in a single season but unbalanced across seasons." Whether it's radiative cooling technology focusing on summer heat dissipation, porous insulation materials focusing on winter heat preservation, or phase change energy storage technology focusing on temperature buffering, none can synergistically meet the diametrically opposed thermal demands of winter and summer. This results in a persistent difficulty in achieving substantial reductions in building energy consumption throughout the year. This problem is particularly pronounced in complex climate zones, becoming a core bottleneck restricting the development of the building energy conservation industry to a higher level. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to achieve precise cross-seasonal adaptation of winter insulation and summer heat insulation, break through the limitation of "effective in a single season", significantly reduce building energy consumption, and significantly improve indoor thermal comfort stability, this application provides a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation, as well as its control and preparation methods.

[0006] Firstly, this application provides a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation, employing the following technical solution:

[0007] A high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation, comprising:

[0008] The outer layer is composed of a white cement matrix. The iron content of the white cement matrix is ​​lower than the first preset threshold and the manganese content is lower than the second preset threshold, so that the outer layer has a reflectivity not lower than the first preset reflectivity value in the solar spectrum range and an emissivity not lower than the first preset emissivity value in the atmospheric window band.

[0009] The intermediate layer is composed of a white cement matrix, polyacrylamide hydrogel, hollow glass microbeads and phase change material microcapsules, wherein the polyacrylamide hydrogel forms a three-dimensional network structure to disperse and fix the hollow glass microbeads and the phase change material microcapsules, preventing sedimentation, the hollow glass microbeads are dispersed in the white cement matrix to construct a multi-level pore enhanced thermal resistance, and the phase change material microcapsules are dispersed in the white cement matrix to absorb and release heat to smooth temperature fluctuations;

[0010] The inner layer is arranged on the indoor side surface of the intermediate layer and is composed of a metal powder layer sprayed by electrostatic spraying, and the emissivity in the infrared wave band is lower than a second preset emissivity threshold.

[0011] By adopting the above technical scheme, the outer layer of low-iron manganese white cement has high reflection of the solar spectrum + high emission in the atmospheric window wave band, effectively blocks radiation heat in summer and dissipates heat outward; the intermediate layer stably disperses glass microbeads and phase change microcapsules with PAM hydrogel, not only constructs multi-level high thermal resistance to block heat conduction, but also dynamically stabilizes temperature difference through heat storage; the inner layer of low infrared emissivity metal powder layer effectively reflects indoor radiant heat in winter to lock temperature. The precise cooperation of the three layers of functions completely breaks through the limitation of "single-season effectiveness and cross-season imbalance", simultaneously meets the opposite heat demand in winter and summer, greatly reduces the annual energy consumption of buildings, and solves the core bottleneck of building energy saving in complex climate regions.

[0012] In a second aspect, the application provides a management and control method of a directional radiation regulated high thermal resistance energy-saving wall, which adopts the following technical scheme:

[0013] A management and control method of a directional radiation regulated high thermal resistance energy-saving wall, comprising:

[0014] Through the sensor array pre-embedded in each functional area of the intermediate layer, temperature data of each area are collected, and outdoor solar radiation intensity and indoor and outdoor environmental temperature are obtained at the same time;

[0015] Based on the collected temperature data, the temperature gradient change rate between adjacent areas is calculated, and a dominant heat mode is identified according to a preset temperature threshold and a radiation threshold, including a summer heat insulation mode, a winter heat preservation mode and a transition season self-adaptive mode;

[0016] According to the identified dominant heat mode, a corresponding passive control strategy is executed.

[0017] By adopting the above technical scheme, temperature, radiation and other data are accurately collected through the sensor array, and three dominant heat modes of summer heat insulation, winter heat preservation and transition season self-adaptation are identified in combination with the temperature gradient change rate, and then a corresponding passive control strategy is matched. This method realizes dynamic adaptation to the opposite heat demand in winter and summer, completely breaks through the limitation of "single-season effectiveness and cross-season imbalance", greatly reduces the annual energy consumption of buildings in complex climate regions, and effectively solves the core bottleneck of the building energy saving industry.

[0018] In a third aspect, the application provides a preparation method of a directional radiation regulation high-thermal-resistance energy-saving wall body, which adopts the following technical scheme:

[0019] A preparation method of a directional radiation regulation high-thermal-resistance energy-saving wall body, comprising:

[0020] Preparation of a polyacrylamide hydrogel: acrylamide monomers, a crosslinking agent and an initiator are dissolved in deionized water, and a catalyst is added and left to gel, wherein the mass concentration of acrylamide in the solution is not higher than a first preset concentration value;

[0021] Pre-mixing treatment: phase change material microcapsules and white cement powder are placed in a resonance mixing device at a first preset ratio, and resonance treatment is performed at a frequency not lower than a second preset value for a first preset length of time to obtain a pre-mixed powder;

[0022] Slurry preparation: the obtained hydrogel, hollow glass microspheres and pre-mixed powder are mixed at a second preset ratio, and treated at a preset stirring speed for a second preset length of time, the shearing action is used to break the hydrogel network to promote dispersion in the stirring process, and the re-healing characteristics after standing are used to maintain system stability, thereby forming a uniform slurry, wherein the particle size of the hollow glass microspheres is not greater than a first preset particle size value;

[0023] Pouring and forming: the slurry is injected into a mold and subjected to vibration treatment to form a dense wallboard blank;

[0024] Surface treatment and curing: an aluminum silver powder layer is applied to the indoor side surface of the wallboard blank by an electrostatic spraying process, the coating thickness is not less than a first preset thickness value, and then the mold is placed in a preset room temperature environment for curing for a third preset length of time;

[0025] Demolding: after curing is completed, demolding is performed to obtain a directional radiation regulation high-thermal-resistance energy-saving wall body.

[0026] By adopting the above technical scheme, the preparation method realizes uniform dispersion of functional components by precisely controlling hydrogel preparation, resonance pre-mixing, low-speed stirring and other processes, and combines electrostatic spraying to ensure the low-emissivity characteristics of the inner layer, thereby ensuring the stable formation of the three-layer functions of "outer reflection heat dissipation-middle resistance energy storage-inner reflection heat locking" of the wall body. It gives the wall body the ability to adapt to both winter and summer, completely breaks through the limitation of "single-season effectiveness and cross-season imbalance", and effectively reduces the annual energy consumption of buildings in complex climate regions and solves the core bottleneck of the industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a directional radiation regulation high-thermal-resistance energy-saving wall body according to an embodiment of the application.

[0028] Figure 2is a flowchart of a method for controlling and managing a directional radiation regulated high thermal resistance energy-saving wall body according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 The present application discloses a directional radiation regulated high thermal resistance energy-saving wall body, which adopts a functional gradient integrated architecture and comprises, from the outdoor side to the indoor side, an outer layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer. Through the directional synergistic mechanism of the three-layer structure, intelligent regulation and cross-season self-adaptive energy saving of the heat transfer path are achieved.

[0031] The outer layer is composed of a white cement matrix with low iron and manganese content, wherein the iron content is less than a first preset threshold value (preferably ≤0.3wt% in terms of Fe2O3), and the manganese content is less than a second preset threshold value (preferably ≤0.05wt% in terms of MnO). This composition control ensures that the outer layer has a high reflectivity of not less than a first preset reflectivity value (preferably ≥0.85) in the solar spectrum range (0.3–2.5μm), and a high emissivity of not less than a first preset emissivity value (preferably ≥0.90) in the “atmospheric window” band (8–13μm). This combination of optical properties enables the outer layer to reflect most of the incident solar radiation, while efficiently dissipating the residual heat absorbed by the wall body in the form of infrared radiation to outer space. The thickness of the outer layer is preferably 10–20mm, serving as the first line of defense against heat for the building envelope. In addition to white cement, the outer layer matrix material can also be replaced by sulphoaluminate cement or geopolymer, and the optical performance and weather resistance can be further enhanced by doping SiO2 or Al2O3 microporous ceramic coating.

[0032] The intermediate layer, which is compounded on the inner side of the outer layer, has a thickness of preferably 80–150mm and is composed of a white cement matrix, polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel, hollow glass microspheres and phase change material (PCM) microcapsules. Among them, the PAM hydrogel forms an intelligent dispersion medium through a three-dimensional cross-linked network structure, and its “breakable-healing” property constitutes the core innovative mechanism: in the mixing stage, the hydrogel can be broken controllably under the action of shear force, instantaneously releasing the bound water, promoting the uniform dispersion of white cement powder, PCM microcapsules and hollow glass microspheres; in the curing stage, the hydrogel network re-heals to form a stable three-dimensional skeleton, which anchors the functional components at the designed spatial position through the space hindering effect and the action of polar groups, fundamentally preventing sedimentation and phase separation and ensuring the structural uniformity at macroscopic and microscopic scales. The polyacrylamide hydrogel forms a three-dimensional network structure to disperse and fix the hollow glass microspheres and phase change material microcapsules, preventing sedimentation.

[0033] Hollow glass microspheres (preferably 50 μm in size) utilize their closed spherical hollow structure and low thermal conductivity (≤0.15 W / (m·K)) to construct a "micron-level" pore reinforcement system within a white cement matrix. This system works synergistically with the micro-nano pores formed after PAM hydrogel curing to create a multi-level gas-solid composite thermal insulation structure. This structure, by maximally restricting air convection and increasing the tortuosity of the solid heat flow path, reduces the thermal conductivity of the intermediate layer to below 0.065 W / (m·K), imparting excellent thermal resistance to the wall. PCM microcapsules (10–100 μm in size, with adjustable phase change temperature of 25–35 °C) are uniformly distributed along the heat flow path at key nodes of the porous framework. They absorb latent heat through solid-liquid phase change to interrupt heat conduction, or release latent heat through liquid-solid phase change to compensate for heat loss. The physical barrier of the porous framework and the energy conversion of the phase change material synergize in space and time, significantly suppressing the heat transfer rate and enhancing the wall's adaptive buffering performance against temperature fluctuations.

[0034] The inner layer, located on the interior surface of the middle layer, consists of an aluminum-silver powder layer prepared by electrostatic spraying, with a preferred spraying thickness of 50–150 μm. This aluminum-silver powder layer has an emissivity below a second preset emissivity threshold (preferably ≤0.1) in the infrared band (3–50 μm), exhibiting highly efficient reflectivity (≥0.9) against long-wave infrared radiation generated by objects inside the room, forming a "radiation barrier" on the interior side. During winter heating conditions, this layer can reduce heat loss to the wall via radiation by more than 70%; during summer cooling conditions, it can also effectively reflect the inward infrared radiation generated by the wall itself after heating, further blocking heat from entering the room. The electrostatic spraying process ensures that aluminum powder particles are uniformly deposited and densely filmed on the substrate surface, providing excellent durability and stability in use.

[0035] Overall Collaborative Working Mechanism: This wall structure achieves directional radiation regulation through a multi-mechanism synergy of "external reflection for heat dissipation, intermediate barrier for energy storage, and internal reflection for heat locking." During the daytime in summer, the outer layer's high reflectivity blocks solar radiation, the middle layer's multi-level porosity and PCM work together to slow heat transfer, and the inner low-emissivity layer reflects residual heat radiation. At night in winter, the outer layer's high emissivity radiates heat into space, creating a "cold source" effect, the middle layer's high thermal resistance prevents indoor heat loss and PCM heat release compensation, and the inner layer efficiently reflects indoor infrared radiation to lock in heat. This structure triggers corresponding dominant mechanisms at different times, achieving cross-seasonal adaptive energy-saving goals.

[0036] Based on the aforementioned uniform distribution basic scheme, in order to further improve the thermal management accuracy and seasonal adaptability of the wall, the present application also proposes an optimized structure in which the phase change material microcapsules are functionally gradient distributed in the thickness direction of the intermediate layer. According to the differences in heat load borne by different thickness positions of the wall and the seasonal changes in heat transfer direction, the gradient distribution optimally configures the working temperature of the phase change material and the thermal insulation ability of the hollow glass microbeads in different zones, thereby more accurately regulating the heat transfer process, specifically including three functional zones:

[0037] The first zone, close to the outer layer side, is configured with phase change material microcapsules with a phase change temperature not lower than a first preset temperature value (preferably 28-35°C), and the volume fraction of hollow glass microbeads is not less than a first preset fraction value (preferably 40-60 vol%). This zone serves as the front line against outdoor heat shock, and the higher phase change temperature ensures that it can effectively absorb and store heat transferred from the outer layer during the daytime high temperature period in summer, preventing heat peaks from penetrating. At the same time, the high fraction of hollow glass microbeads constructs a dense porous thermal insulation network, significantly improving the static thermal resistance of this zone and forming an efficient thermal flow barrier.

[0038] The second zone, close to the inner layer side, is configured with phase change material microcapsules with a phase change temperature not higher than a second preset temperature value (preferably 20-26°C), and the volume fraction of hollow glass microbeads is not higher than a second preset fraction value (preferably 20-30 vol%). This zone is close to the indoor environment and has higher requirements for temperature stability. The lower phase change temperature allows it to trigger phase change heat release in a timely manner when the indoor temperature drops in winter or at night, effectively compensating for indoor heat loss and maintaining thermal comfort. The lower microbead fraction, while ensuring thermal insulation performance, can reduce material density and cost, and reduce the response lag of phase change materials due to excessive thermal insulation.

[0039] The intermediate zone, located between the first zone and the second zone, is configured with phase change material microcapsules with a phase change temperature between the first preset temperature value and the second preset temperature value (preferably 26-28°C), and the volume fraction of hollow glass microbeads is between the first preset fraction value and the second preset fraction value (preferably 30-40 vol%). This zone serves as a thermal buffer transition layer, with its phase change temperature and porosity designed to effectively bridge the functional differences between the inner and outer sides, smooth the temperature field distribution, avoid thermal stress concentration, and ensure continuous and stable regulation of heat in the process of day and night alternation and seasonal transition.

[0040] Wherein, the first preset temperature value is higher than the second preset temperature value, and the first preset fraction value is higher than the second preset fraction value. This gradient distribution design achieves an optimal balance between phase change energy storage efficiency, thermal insulation performance, and material cost through functional matching and coordination in the spatial dimension, further enhancing the wall's self-adaptability to complex climate conditions and improving overall energy saving effect and economy.

[0041] The foregoing energy-saving wall has excellent passive temperature regulation capability, but in actual building applications, the dynamic changes of environmental parameters (such as solar radiation, air temperature and humidity) are complex and changeable, and it is difficult to achieve optimal thermal management effect under all working conditions only by relying on the passive response of the material itself. Therefore, the present application further proposes an intelligent management and control method deeply coupled with the wall structure, which provides data support for accurate evaluation and optimal operation of the wall performance by monitoring the internal state of the wall in real time and identifying the dominant thermal working mode, so as to fully exert the multi-stage temperature regulation potential of the wall in the form of 'external reflection-middle barrier-energy storage-internal reflection'.

[0042] Reference Figure 2 A management and control method of a high-thermal-resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation includes:

[0043] Step S1, through the sensor array pre-embedded in each functional area of the intermediate layer, temperature data of each area are collected, and outdoor solar radiation intensity and indoor and outdoor environmental temperature are obtained.

[0044] Among them, the sensor array is composed of distributed fiber optic temperature sensors (DTS) or micro thermocouples, which are used for real-time monitoring of the internal temperature distribution of the wall. DTS utilizes the Raman scattering effect of optical fiber, which can realize continuous temperature measurement along the length direction of the optical fiber, and is suitable for large-area internal temperature monitoring of the wall; the micro thermocouple adopts K type or T type, which has the characteristics of fast response and high precision, and is suitable for accurate temperature measurement of key nodes of the wall.

[0045] Solar radiation intensity: measured by a total radiation meter installed on the outer surface of the wall, with a spectral range of 0.3-3.0 μm, which can monitor the intensity of total solar radiation and scattered radiation in real time. The total radiation meter is installed flush with the surface of the wall to ensure no obstruction and accurately capture solar radiation data.

[0046] Indoor and outdoor environmental temperature: measured by a standard NTC thermistor probe, which is installed 100 mm outside and 50 mm inside the wall, and is equipped with a radiation shield to avoid direct thermal radiation interference, ensuring the accuracy of the measurement data.

[0047] The necessary process is described as follows:

[0048] The sensor array is pre-embedded in the three functional areas of the intermediate layer along the thickness direction of the wall: the first area near the outer layer (about 10-30 mm from the surface), the middle area (the middle part of the wall thickness), and the second area near the inner layer (about 20-40 mm from the indoor side). Each sensing layer is arranged in a matrix with a vertical spacing of 200-500 mm and a horizontal spacing of 500-800 mm, and is connected to the data acquisition terminal through a weak current bus. All sensors are fixed in the formwork before the wall is poured and formed, ensuring that they are tightly combined with the PAM hydrogel-cement matrix and do not affect the uniformity of the distribution of glass microbeads and PCM microcapsules.

[0049] In actual operation, the system adopts an adaptive sampling strategy: when the total radiation table detects that the solar radiation intensity exceeds a preset threshold (such as 200 W / m²) or the temperature change rate of any sensing layer exceeds 0.5℃ / min, the sampling frequency is automatically encrypted to once every 5 minutes to capture the phase change process and thermal shock response of the phase change material; at night or under stable environmental temperature conditions, the sampling frequency is reduced to once every 30 minutes to save energy.

[0050] After data collection, the original data is processed by a moving average filtering algorithm to eliminate abnormal values (such as a deviation of more than 3σ from adjacent measuring points) caused by sensor noise or construction defects. The processed data is transmitted to the local controller through the Modbus-RTU protocol and stored in packages according to the timestamp. Every 15 minutes, the data is uploaded to the building energy management system through the MQTT protocol to provide continuous and reliable data support for subsequent thermal mode identification.

[0051] Step S2, based on the collected temperature data, calculate the temperature gradient change rate between adjacent areas, and identify the dominant thermal mode according to the preset temperature threshold and radiation threshold, including summer heat insulation mode, winter heat preservation mode and transition season adaptive mode.

[0052] Among them, the temperature gradient change rate: refers to the change rate of the temperature difference between adjacent functional areas, which is used to evaluate the direction and intensity of heat transfer in the wall. The calculation formula is: .

[0053] Among them, and are the temperatures of the adjacent two areas, and are the corresponding wall positions.

[0054] Preset temperature threshold and radiation threshold: reference values set according to wall design parameters and actual operation requirements, used to determine the thermal mode of the wall. For example, the temperature threshold of the summer heat insulation mode is set to 30℃, and the radiation threshold is set to 500W / m²; the temperature threshold of the winter heat preservation mode is set to 15℃, and the radiation threshold is set to 100W / m².

[0055] The necessary process is described as follows:

[0056] Temperature gradient calculation: the system real-time collects the temperature data of each functional area, and calculates the temperature gradient change rate between adjacent areas. For example, calculate the temperature gradient change rate between the first area and the middle area, and the middle area and the second area, to evaluate the direction and intensity of heat transfer in the wall.

[0057] Thermal mode identification rules:

[0058] Summer heat insulation mode: when the outdoor solar radiation intensity I solar >500W / m 2 and the first region temperature T1>30℃, the system determines the summer heat insulation mode. At this time, the main task of the wall is to block the external heat from entering the indoor.

[0059] Winter heat preservation mode: when the outdoor solar radiation intensity I solar <100W / m 2 and the second region temperature T2<15℃, the system determines the winter heat preservation mode. At this time, the main task of the wall is to prevent the indoor heat from being lost.

[0060] Transition season self-adaptive mode: under the working condition outside the summer and winter modes, the system determines the transition season self-adaptive mode. At this time, the wall dynamically adjusts according to the real-time temperature and radiation data, taking into account the heat insulation and heat preservation requirements.

[0061] Step S3, according to the identified dominant thermal mode, the corresponding passive control strategy is executed.

[0062] Among them, the passive control strategy refers to the heat management method without external energy input through the material properties of the wall itself (such as phase change material, hollow glass microsphere, etc.) and structural design (such as functional gradient distribution). Its goal is to optimize the heat insulation and heat preservation performance of the wall and reduce building energy consumption. The specific process can be referred to steps S31 to S33.

[0063] According to the identified dominant thermal mode, the corresponding passive control strategy is executed, including:

[0064] Step S31, when the summer heat insulation mode is identified, the first cooperative control strategy is executed: taking the first region of the middle layer as the dominant control area, blocking the external heat input through the phase change heat absorption of the phase change material microcapsule and the high thermal resistance characteristics of the hollow glass microsphere; at the same time, providing heat buffer in the secondary control area with the middle region, and maintaining the end thermal resistance based on the second region; the high reflectivity and high emissivity characteristics of the outer layer are synchronized with the low emissivity characteristics of the inner layer to form a progressive heat insulation system from the outside to the inside.

[0065] Specifically, when the system identifies the summer heat insulation mode, the functional regions of the wall work cooperatively and execute the following control measures:

[0066] Dominant control area (first region): The first region is close to the outer layer and is configured with phase change material microcapsules with high phase change temperature (such as 28–35℃) and high volume of hollow glass microspheres (such as 40–60vol%). The phase change material microcapsule absorbs the heat entering the wall through phase change heat absorption, preventing heat from penetrating to the inside; the high thermal resistance characteristics of the hollow glass microsphere further block the heat conduction, ensuring that the external heat is difficult to enter the wall interior.

[0067] Intermediate region: The intermediate region is located in the middle of the wall and is configured with phase change material microcapsules with moderate phase change temperature (e.g., 26-28°C) and moderate content of hollow glass microspheres (e.g., 30-40 vol%). This region serves as a thermal buffer zone to further absorb and store heat, smooth temperature fluctuations, and prevent rapid heat transfer to the inner layer.

[0068] Second region: The second region is close to the inner layer and is configured with phase change material microcapsules with lower phase change temperature (e.g., 20-26°C) and low content of hollow glass microspheres (e.g., 20-30 vol%). This region serves as a terminal thermal insulation zone to maintain the thermal insulation performance of the wall interior and ensure stable indoor temperature.

[0069] Outer layer and inner layer synergy: The high reflectivity (≥0.85) and high emissivity (≥0.90) characteristics of the outer layer reflect solar radiation and efficiently dissipate heat, reducing the amount of heat entering the wall; the low emissivity (≤0.1) characteristics of the inner layer reflect indoor infrared radiation, preventing heat loss, and together form a progressive thermal insulation system from the outside to the inside.

[0070] Step S32, when identified as winter heat preservation mode, execute the second cooperative control strategy: take the second region of the intermediate layer as the dominant control region, maintain indoor thermal stability through the phase change heat release of the phase change material microcapsules and the thermal buffer structure; at the same time, take the first region as the external barrier zone to block the invasion of outdoor low temperature, and take the intermediate region as the transition zone to realize the smooth distribution of temperature; the low emissivity characteristics of the inner layer as the main cooperative means, cooperate with the high emissivity characteristics of the outer layer, form a heat protection system from the inside to the outside.

[0071] Specifically, when the system identifies the winter heat preservation mode, the functional regions of the wall work synergistically to implement the following control measures:

[0072] Dominant control region (second region): The second region is close to the inner layer and is configured with phase change material microcapsules with lower phase change temperature (e.g., 20-26°C) and low content of hollow glass microspheres (e.g., 20-30 vol%). The phase change material microcapsules release stored heat through phase change, compensate for indoor heat loss, and maintain stable indoor temperature; the low content of hollow glass microspheres ensures that the region has appropriate thermal resistance, avoiding excessive thermal insulation leading to thermal hysteresis.

[0073] External barrier zone (first region): The first region is close to the outer layer and is configured with phase change material microcapsules with higher phase change temperature (e.g., 28-35°C) and high content of hollow glass microspheres (e.g., 40-60 vol%). This region serves as an external barrier to block the invasion of outdoor low temperature and prevent rapid heat loss. High content of hollow glass microspheres provides high thermal resistance, further enhancing the thermal insulation effect.

[0074] Transition zone (middle region): The middle region is located in the middle of the wall and is configured with phase change material microcapsules with moderate phase change temperature (such as 26-28°C) and moderate content of hollow glass microbeads (such as 30-40 vol%). This region serves as a transition zone, achieving a smooth distribution of temperature and smoothing temperature fluctuations, ensuring uniform heat transfer within the wall.

[0075] Synergistic effect of inner and outer layers: The low emissivity (≤0.1) of the inner layer reflects indoor infrared radiation, reducing heat loss; the high emissivity (≥0.90) of the outer layer radiates heat to the outside, forming a heat protection system from the inside out. This synergistic effect ensures effective retention of indoor heat and overall thermal insulation performance of the wall.

[0076] Step S33, when identified as a transition season self-adaptive mode, execute the third synergistic regulation strategy: take the middle region of the middle layer as the core regulation zone, achieve dynamic temperature regulation through the cyclic phase change of the phase change material microcapsules and the balanced thermal resistance and heat capacity structure; the first region and the second region serve as boundary stable zones, providing stable thermal boundaries for dynamic temperature regulation; the radiation characteristics of the outer and inner layers are synchronized to participate in regulation, together achieving adaptive thermal environment balance.

[0077] When the system is identified as a transition season self-adaptive mode, the functional regions of the wall work synergistically to execute the following regulation measures:

[0078] Core regulation zone (middle region): The middle region serves as the core regulation zone of the wall and is configured with phase change material microcapsules with moderate phase change temperature (such as 26-28°C) and moderate content of hollow glass microbeads (such as 30-40 vol%). The phase change material microcapsules dynamically regulate the temperature changes within the wall through cyclic phase change (heat absorption and heat release), balancing the thermal shock caused by day-night temperature differences. The moderate content of hollow glass microbeads ensures that this region has balanced thermal resistance and heat capacity characteristics, effectively insulating heat while avoiding excessive insulation leading to thermal hysteresis, achieving dynamic temperature regulation.

[0079] Boundary stable zone (first region and second region): The first region and the second region serve as boundary stable zones, providing stable thermal boundaries for dynamic temperature regulation. The first region (close to the outer layer) is configured with high content of hollow glass microbeads (such as 40-60 vol%), serving as an external thermal barrier to block the influence of external temperature changes on the interior of the wall; the second region (close to the inner layer) is configured with low content of hollow glass microbeads (such as 20-30 vol%), serving as an internal thermal foundation to maintain the stability of indoor temperature. These two regions ensure that the overall wall maintains a stable thermal environment during day-night temperature changes through different thermal resistance characteristics.

[0080] The outer layer and the inner layer work together: the high reflectivity (≥0.85) and high emissivity (≥0.90) characteristics of the outer layer reflect solar radiation during the day and dissipate heat efficiently, reducing the amount of heat entering the wall; at night, the high emissivity characteristics of the outer layer radiate heat to the outside, maintaining a low temperature state on the outer surface of the wall. The low emissivity (≤0.1) characteristics of the inner layer reflect indoor infrared radiation, reducing heat loss. This synergy ensures that the wall achieves adaptive thermal environment balance during the day and night alternation and seasonal transition.

[0081] The management method of the directional radiation regulated high thermal resistance energy-saving wall further includes a step before the corresponding passive regulation strategy is executed, specifically as follows:

[0082] Step SA, input the real-time collected sensor array data and environmental parameters into the preset digital twin model corresponding to the physical structure of the wall, wherein the sensor array data includes temperature data of the three functional areas of the intermediate layer, temperature gradient change rate between regions, and phase change state data of the phase change material microcapsules in each region.

[0083] Among them, the temperature data includes the real-time temperature of the three functional areas (first area, middle area, second area) of the intermediate layer. The temperature gradient change rate is based on the change rate of the temperature difference between adjacent areas, reflecting the direction and intensity of heat transfer in the wall. The phase change state data of the phase change material microcapsules includes the current temperature of the phase change material microcapsules, whether it is in the phase change process, and the phase change completion degree, etc. information, used to evaluate the energy storage and release state of the phase change material.

[0084] Environmental parameters include outdoor solar radiation intensity, indoor and outdoor environmental temperature, etc., used to evaluate the external thermal environment conditions of the wall.

[0085] The necessary process is described as follows:

[0086] Data acquisition and transmission: the sensor array collects real-time temperature data, temperature gradient change rate, and phase change state data of the phase change material microcapsules in each functional area of the wall. At the same time, the outdoor solar radiation intensity and the indoor and outdoor environmental temperature and other environmental parameters are obtained. These data are transmitted to the data acquisition terminal through the weak current bus and stored in the form of time stamp.

[0087] Data input into the digital twin model: input the collected sensor array data and environmental parameters into the preset digital twin model. The digital twin model realizes dynamic simulation and prediction of the thermal performance of the wall by integrating the physical parameters of the wall (such as the thermal conductivity of the material, the phase change temperature, the porosity, etc.) and the real-time operation data.

[0088] The above digital twin model is a hybrid model based on physical mechanism and data-driven, used for real-time simulation and prediction of the thermal behavior of the wall.

[0089] The physical mechanism part is constructed based on the Fourier heat conduction law and the phase change energy storage model, and the heat conduction and dynamic heat storage / release process of the three-layer composite structure of the wall are simulated by numerical discretization method.

[0090] The data-driven part adopts a deep neural network (DNN) whose structure includes an input layer, at least two hidden layers, and an output layer, for dynamically correcting the equivalent thermal parameters of the physical model and predicting the phase change dynamics.

[0091] Regarding the training and operation of the digital twin model:

[0092] The training data comes from the sensor time series data (temperature, temperature gradient, solar radiation, etc.) and their corresponding working conditions collected during the historical operation of the wall.

[0093] The training process minimizes the error between the model's predicted values and the actual monitored values, allowing the model to learn the complex nonlinear characteristics of the wall's thermal response.

[0094] During operation, the model takes real-time sensor data and environmental parameters as input, and outputs the temperature field distribution and phase change state prediction of the wall in the future period, thereby realizing the forward-looking optimization of control strategies.

[0095] This model is completely dedicated to the technical purpose of optimizing building thermal performance, and its input, output, and internal logic are based on physical rules and data mapping, without involving any non-technical rules. Personnel in the technical field can construct and use the model according to the above description.

[0096] Step SB, based on the digital twin model, outputs the prediction results of the temperature evolution trend of each functional area in the intermediate layer and the phase change state of the microcapsule phase change material in the future preset period.

[0097] The necessary processes are described as follows:

[0098] Model initialization and parameter setting: The digital twin model is initialized based on the physical structure and material properties of the wall, including the material parameters of each functional area of the wall (such as thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, phase change temperature, etc.), the layout and sampling frequency of the sensor array, etc. At the same time, set the future preset period (such as the next 24 hours) as the prediction time range.

[0099] Data input and real-time update: input the real-time collected sensor array data (including temperature, temperature gradient change rate, phase change state) and environmental parameters (such as solar radiation intensity, indoor and outdoor temperature) into the digital twin model. The model reflects the current running state of the wall in real time through data fusion and dynamic updating.

[0100] Temperature evolution trend prediction: Based on the input data, the digital twin model calculates the temperature changes of each functional region in the intermediate layer over a future preset time period through the heat conduction equation and phase change model. The model outputs the temperature evolution curve of each functional region, including the rising or falling rate of temperature, peak and valley values, etc. For example, the model can predict that the temperature of the first region will rise from 30°C to 35°C in the next 4 hours and start to fall after 6 hours.

[0101] Phase change material microcapsule phase change state prediction: The model also predicts the phase change process of the phase change material microcapsules. For each functional region, the model outputs the phase change start time, phase change completion time, and temperature change during the phase change process of the phase change material microcapsules. For example, the model can predict that the phase change material microcapsules in the intermediate region will start to phase change in the next 3 hours and complete the phase change process in 5 hours, with the temperature remaining around 27°C during the phase change process.

[0102] Step SC, based on the prediction results, the trigger parameters of the collaborative regulation strategy are adjusted in advance: when the prediction shows that the temperature of the first region will reach the first preset temperature value within not higher than the first time threshold, the temperature threshold of the secondary control region function is adjusted to not higher than the second preset temperature value; when the prediction shows that the temperature of the second region will fall below the third preset temperature value within not higher than the second time threshold, the temperature difference threshold of the external barrier region efficiency is adjusted to not lower than the first preset temperature difference value; when the prediction shows that the phase change cycle frequency of the intermediate region exceeds the preset frequency threshold, the allowed temperature fluctuation range of the boundary stabilization region is reduced to a preset proportion of the original range.

[0103] Wherein, the first time threshold: a preset time range for determining the time window for the first region temperature to reach the preset temperature value. The second time threshold: a preset time range for determining the time window for the second region temperature to fall below the preset temperature value. The preset frequency threshold: a preset upper limit of the phase change cycle frequency for determining whether the phase change frequency of the phase change material microcapsules in the intermediate region is too high. The preset proportion value: a proportion value for adjusting the allowed temperature fluctuation range of the boundary stabilization region to reduce the temperature fluctuation range.

[0104] The necessary process is described as follows:

[0105] First region temperature threshold adjustment:

[0106] Condition: If the digital twin model predicts that the temperature of the first region will reach the first preset temperature value (such as 35°C) within not higher than the first time threshold (such as 2 hours), the adjustment mechanism is triggered.

[0107] Adjustment measure: Adjust the temperature threshold that triggers the secondary regulation zone (middle region) function to be no higher than the second preset temperature value (e.g., 32°C). This adjustment aims to activate the heat absorption function of the phase change material microcapsules in the middle region in advance, enhancing the thermal insulation effect and preventing rapid heat penetration to the inner layer.

[0108] Second region temperature difference threshold adjustment:

[0109] Condition: If the digital twin model prediction shows that the temperature of the second region will drop below the third preset temperature value (e.g., 15°C) within no more than the second time threshold (e.g., 3 hours), the adjustment mechanism is triggered.

[0110] Adjustment measure: Adjust the temperature difference threshold that controls the effectiveness of the external barrier zone (first region) to be no lower than the first preset temperature difference value (e.g., 5°C). This adjustment aims to enhance the thermal insulation barrier function of the first region in advance, preventing indoor heat loss and maintaining stable indoor temperature.

[0111] Middle region phase change frequency adjustment:

[0112] Condition: If the digital twin model prediction shows that the phase change cycle frequency of the middle region exceeds the preset frequency threshold (e.g., more than 10 times per hour), the adjustment mechanism is triggered.

[0113] Adjustment measure: Reduce the allowed temperature fluctuation range of the boundary stabilization zone (first region and second region) to a preset proportion of the original range (e.g., to 50% of the original range). This adjustment aims to reduce the impact of temperature fluctuations on the overall performance of the wall, ensuring that the wall maintains stable thermal performance under dynamic conditions.

[0114] Step SD, store the adjusted parameters, and based on the prediction results, advance the trigger time of each collaborative regulation strategy by no less than the third time threshold.

[0115] Wherein, parameter storage: save the adjusted trigger parameters to the system's database or configuration file, ensuring that these parameters can be correctly called and executed in subsequent operations. Third time threshold: a preset time range used to determine the time window for advancing the execution of collaborative regulation strategies. For example, start the regulation strategy 1 hour or 30 minutes in advance to ensure that the wall can respond to predicted thermal changes in advance.

[0116] Specific implementation is as follows:

[0117] Advance trigger time: based on the prediction results of the digital twin model, advance the execution of each collaborative regulation strategy by no less than the third time threshold (e.g., 1 hour). For example, if the prediction shows that the first region will reach 35°C in 2 hours, the system will activate the heat absorption function of the phase change material microcapsules in the middle region 1 hour in advance.

[0118] Dynamic adjustment execution: The system dynamically adjusts the collaborative control strategy of each functional area based on real-time data and prediction results. For example, if the prediction shows that the temperature in the second area will drop below 15℃ in 3 hours, the system will enhance the heat insulation barrier function of the first area 30 minutes in advance.

[0119] Real-time feedback and adjustment: After executing the optimized collaborative control strategy, the system continuously monitors the actual running state of the wall and dynamically adjusts the strategy based on real-time data. If there is a deviation between the actual running state and the prediction result, the system will re-adjust the parameters and optimize the execution strategy.

[0120] A method for managing and controlling a directional radiation regulated high-thermal-resistance energy-saving wall also includes:

[0121] Step S4, after the passive control strategy is executed, the historical data of the sensor array and the environmental parameters collected in the preset period are input into the digital twin model.

[0122] Wherein, the preset period refers to the time period for evaluating the thermal performance of the wall, usually several days, weeks or months, depending on the use scenario and evaluation requirements of the wall.

[0123] The necessary process is described as follows:

[0124] 1. Data collection and storage: After the passive control strategy is executed, the system continuously collects real-time data of the sensor array and environmental parameters, and stores these data in the local database or cloud storage. The frequency of data collection can be adjusted according to the thermal characteristics of the wall, usually every 5-30 minutes.

[0125] 2. Data screening and sorting: From the stored data, the historical data in the preset period is screened out, including the temperature data of each functional area, the temperature gradient change rate, the phase change state data of the phase change material microcapsule and the environmental parameters. These data are sorted and formatted to ensure that they are consistent with the input requirements of the digital twin model.

[0126] 3. Data input to the digital twin model: The sorted historical data of the sensor array collected in the preset period and the environmental parameters are input into the digital twin model. The model reflects the running state and thermal performance changes of the wall in the preset period through data fusion and dynamic updating.

[0127] Step S5, based on the digital twin model, by comparing the deviation between the historical monitoring data and the expected data of the model, the evaluation result of the thermal performance degradation degree of each functional area is output.

[0128] Thermal performance decay: refers to the gradual decline in the thermal insulation, thermal retention, or phase change energy storage performance of each functional region of the wall over time due to material aging, environmental factors, or construction defects. Model expected data: the temperature changes, phase change states, and other data predicted by the digital twin model based on the physical parameters and historical operation data of the wall. Historical monitoring data: actual sensor array data reflecting the real operation status of the wall within a preset period.

[0129] The necessary processes are as follows:

[0130] Data comparison and deviation analysis:

[0131] Temperature deviation analysis: compare the temperature data of each functional region in the historical monitoring data with the model expected data, and calculate the deviation between the actual temperature and the expected temperature. For example, calculate the average temperature deviation ΔT of the first region within the preset period 实际 −ΔT 预期 .

[0132] Phase change state deviation analysis: compare the phase change state of the phase change material microcapsule (such as phase change completion degree, phase change temperature range) in the historical monitoring data with the model expected phase change state, and evaluate the difference between the actual performance and the expected performance of the phase change material.

[0133] Temperature gradient deviation analysis: compare the temperature gradient change rate in the historical monitoring data with the model expected temperature gradient change rate, and evaluate the difference between the actual efficiency and the expected efficiency of heat transfer within the wall.

[0134] Decay degree evaluation:

[0135] First region thermal buffering efficiency decay: if the actual temperature deviation of the first region exceeds the preset tolerance range (such as ±2℃), and the actual phase change completion degree of the phase change material is lower than the expected completion degree (such as lower than 80%), it is evaluated as thermal buffering efficiency decay.

[0136] Second region phase change material performance decay: if the actual phase change temperature range of the phase change material in the second region deviates from the expected range by more than the preset threshold (such as ±3℃), and the phase change energy storage capacity decreases by more than the preset proportion (such as decreases by more than 20%), it is evaluated as phase change material performance decay.

[0137] Intermediate region temperature regulation performance decay: if the actual temperature gradient change rate of the intermediate region deviates from the expected change rate by more than the preset threshold (such as ±10%), and the temperature fluctuation range exceeds the expected range (such as exceeds ±3℃), it is evaluated as temperature regulation performance decay.

[0138] Output evaluation results:

[0139] Decay quantification: Quantify the thermal performance decay of each functional region into specific numerical values or levels (e.g., mild decay, moderate decay, severe decay), and output detailed evaluation reports.

[0140] Visual display: Through the visualization interface of the digital twin model, intuitively display the thermal performance decay of each functional region, including temperature deviation curves, phase change state comparison charts, etc., to facilitate the rapid understanding of the actual operation state of the wall by the operation and maintenance personnel.

[0141] Step S6, based on the evaluation results, calibrate and optimize the baseline parameters of the collaborative control strategy: when the thermal buffering efficiency of the first region decays more than the first preset tolerance, the temperature threshold for identifying the summer heat insulation mode is lowered by the first calibration amount; when the phase change material performance of the second region decays more than the second preset tolerance, the temperature difference threshold for identifying the winter heat preservation mode is raised by the second calibration amount; when the temperature regulation performance of the intermediate region decays more than the third preset tolerance, the allowed temperature fluctuation range of the transition season adaptive mode is narrowed by a preset percentage.

[0142] The necessary process is described as follows:

[0143] 1. First region thermal buffering efficiency decay calibration:

[0144] Condition: If the evaluation result shows that the thermal buffering efficiency of the first region decays more than the first preset tolerance (e.g., the thermal buffering efficiency decreases by more than 20%), the calibration mechanism is triggered.

[0145] Calibration measures: Lower the temperature threshold for identifying the summer heat insulation mode by the first calibration amount (e.g., lower by 2°C). This adjustment aims to lower the trigger temperature of the summer heat insulation mode, activate the heat absorption function of the phase change material microcapsule in the first region in advance, enhance the heat insulation effect, and compensate for the performance decline caused by the decay of the thermal buffering efficiency.

[0146] 2. Second region phase change material performance decay calibration:

[0147] Condition: If the evaluation result shows that the phase change material performance of the second region decays more than the second preset tolerance (e.g., the phase change energy storage capability decreases by more than 20%), the calibration mechanism is triggered.

[0148] Calibration measures: Raise the temperature difference threshold for identifying the winter heat preservation mode by the second calibration amount (e.g., raise by 2°C). This adjustment aims to increase the trigger temperature difference of the winter heat preservation mode, activate the heat release function of the phase change material microcapsule in the second region in advance, enhance the heat preservation effect, and compensate for the performance decline caused by the decay of the phase change material performance.

[0149] 3. Intermediate region temperature regulation performance decay calibration:

[0150] Condition: If the evaluation result shows that the temperature regulation performance of the intermediate zone has degraded beyond a third preset tolerance (e.g., the temperature regulation capability has decreased by more than 20%), trigger the calibration mechanism.

[0151] Calibration Measure: Narrow the allowed temperature fluctuation range of the transitional season adaptive mode by a preset percentage (e.g., narrow by 10%). This adjustment aims to reduce the temperature fluctuation range, enhance the temperature regulation capability of the intermediate zone, and ensure a stable thermal environment under dynamic operating conditions, compensating for the performance degradation caused by the temperature regulation performance degradation.

[0152] Output and Storage:

[0153] Parameter Update: Update the calibrated and optimized baseline parameters to the digital twin model and strategy parameter storage unit, ensuring the use of the latest optimized parameters in subsequent operations.

[0154] Recording and Feedback: Record the specific parameter adjustment values of each calibration optimization and their corresponding evaluation results, providing reference data for subsequent system maintenance and performance optimization.

[0155] Step S7: Update the calibrated and optimized parameters to the digital twin model and strategy parameter storage unit to complete the system self-optimization.

[0156] Necessary Process Description:

[0157] 1. Parameter Update to Digital Twin Model:

[0158] Data Synchronization: Synchronize the calibrated and optimized parameters (such as temperature threshold, temperature difference threshold, temperature fluctuation range, etc.) obtained in step S6 to the digital twin model. These parameter updates ensure that the model can accurately simulate the thermal performance of the wall based on the latest operating data and performance evaluation results.

[0159] Model Calibration: The digital twin model recalibrates its internal thermal performance prediction algorithm based on the updated parameters, ensuring that the model output prediction results are consistent with the actual wall operating state. For example, if the temperature threshold of the first zone is lowered by 2°C, the model will adjust its thermal insulation mode prediction logic to reflect this change.

[0160] 2. Parameter Storage to Strategy Parameter Storage Unit:

[0161] Storage Update: Store the calibrated and optimized parameters in the strategy parameter storage unit to ensure that these parameters can be correctly called and executed in subsequent operations. The strategy parameter storage unit can be a local database, cloud storage, or other data management system.

[0162] Backup and Verification: While updating the parameters, the old parameters are backed up so that they can be restored to the previous settings if needed. At the same time, the updated parameters are verified to ensure they meet the wall's operational requirements and safety standards.

[0163] 3. System self-optimization is completed:

[0164] Real-time feedback and adjustment: After completing the parameter update, the system continues to monitor the running state of the wall in real time, and dynamically adjusts the collaborative control strategy according to the new parameter setting. If a new performance deviation is detected, the system will start the evaluation and calibration process again to achieve continuous self-optimization.

[0165] Performance report and record: The system generates detailed performance optimization reports, recording the time, content of each parameter update, and its impact on the thermal performance of the wall. These reports provide the running history and optimization trajectory of the system for maintenance personnel, facilitating subsequent maintenance and further optimization.

[0166] A directional radiation regulated high-thermal-resistance energy-saving wall structure, which is further integrated with an auxiliary system for active thermal regulation, comprising:

[0167] Micro-fluid circulation pipe network: Embedded between the first region and the intermediate region of the intermediate layer, used to circulate fluid when needed to actively cool the outside and middle region of the wall.

[0168] Electric heating regulation layer: Set between the second region and the intermediate region of the intermediate layer, used to supplement heating to the inside and middle region of the wall when needed.

[0169] Based on the above wall structure, the management method further includes an active intervention step, specifically as follows:

[0170] Step S8: Based on the prediction results of the digital twin model, determine whether any of the following active intervention trigger conditions is met within the first predetermined period in the future:

[0171] First trigger condition: In summer heat insulation mode, the indoor temperature prediction value exceeds the upper limit of the comfort interval, and the phase change completion degree of the first region phase change material microcapsule exceeds the fourth preset threshold.

[0172] Second trigger condition: In winter heat preservation mode, the indoor temperature prediction value is lower than the lower limit of the comfort interval, and the phase change completion degree of the second region phase change material microcapsule exceeds the fifth preset threshold.

[0173] Specifically, the first preset period: a preset time range for determining whether to initiate active intervention measures. For example, the next 2 or 3 hours. Comfort interval: refers to the comfortable range of indoor temperature, usually 24-26°C in summer and 18-20°C in winter, the specific values can be adjusted according to actual needs. Phase change completion: refers to the proportion of phase change material microcapsules that have completed phase change at the current temperature, usually expressed in percentage. The fourth preset threshold: in summer heat insulation mode, if the phase change completion of the first area phase change material microcapsules exceeds this threshold (such as 80%), it indicates that the phase change material is close to saturation and additional intervention is needed. The fifth preset threshold: in winter heat preservation mode, if the phase change completion of the second area phase change material microcapsules exceeds this threshold (such as 80%), it indicates that the phase change material is close to saturation and additional intervention is needed.

[0174] The necessary process is as follows:

[0175] Forecast result analysis:

[0176] Based on the prediction results of the digital twin model, analyze the indoor temperature change trend and the phase change state of the phase change material microcapsules in the first preset period in the future.

[0177] Determine whether the indoor temperature exceeds the upper or lower limit of the comfort interval, and evaluate whether the phase change completion of the phase change material microcapsules exceeds the preset threshold.

[0178] Active intervention trigger conditions:

[0179] First trigger condition: in summer heat insulation mode, if the indoor temperature prediction value exceeds the upper limit of the comfort interval (such as 26°C), and the phase change completion of the first area phase change material microcapsules exceeds the fourth preset threshold (such as 80%), the first active intervention is triggered.

[0180] Second trigger condition: in winter heat preservation mode, if the indoor temperature prediction value is lower than the lower limit of the comfort interval (such as 18°C), and the phase change completion of the second area phase change material microcapsules exceeds the fifth preset threshold (such as 80%), the second active intervention is triggered.

[0181] Step S9, when the first trigger condition is met, execute the first active intervention: start the microfluid circulation pipe network, control the temperature of the circulating fluid flowing through the pipe network not higher than the first preset temperature value.

[0182] The specific process is as follows:

[0183] 1. Start microfluid circulation:

[0184] System response: the system automatically starts the microfluid circulation pipe network. This pipe network is pre-designed in the wall structure, and through the pipeline, the cooling fluid (such as water or cooling liquid) is circulated to the first area and the intermediate area.

[0185] Temperature Control: Control the temperature of the circulating fluid not higher than the first preset temperature value (such as 20℃). Adjust the fluid temperature through cooling equipment (such as a water chiller or cooling tower) to ensure that the fluid reaches the set low temperature state before entering the wall.

[0186] Flow Regulation: According to the actual heat load of the wall, dynamically adjust the flow of the micro-fluid to achieve the best cooling effect. Flow regulation can be achieved through a variable frequency pump to ensure stable cooling performance under different working conditions.

[0187] 2. Real-time monitoring and feedback:

[0188] Temperature Monitoring: During the micro-fluid circulation process, real-time monitoring of the inlet and outlet temperatures of the fluid and the temperature changes of each functional area inside the wall. Real-time data is obtained through a sensor array and fed back to the control system.

[0189] Dynamic Adjustment: Based on real-time monitoring data, dynamically adjust the fluid temperature and flow to ensure that the indoor temperature quickly returns to the comfort interval. If the indoor temperature drops too quickly, increase the fluid temperature appropriately; if the cooling effect is not obvious, increase the flow or reduce the fluid temperature.

[0190] 3. Intervention Effect Evaluation:

[0191] Effect Evaluation: Real-time evaluation of the effect of active intervention through a digital twin model, comparing the actual change of indoor temperature with the expected target. If the indoor temperature returns to the comfort interval within the preset time, the intervention measure is considered successful.

[0192] Recording and Optimization: Record the specific parameters of each active intervention (such as fluid temperature, flow, duration) and its impact on the thermal performance of the wall, providing data support for subsequent system optimization.

[0193] Step S10, when the second trigger condition is met, execute the second active intervention: start the electric heating control layer, control the heating power not higher than the first preset power value.

[0194] The specific process is as follows:

[0195] 1. Start the electric heating control:

[0196] System Response: The system automatically starts the electric heating control layer. This electric heating control layer is pre-designed in the wall structure and heats the second area and the intermediate area through electric heating elements (such as electric heating film or electric heating wire).

[0197] Power Control: Control the heating power of the electric heating element not higher than the first preset power value (such as 1000W). Adjust the current or voltage of the electric heating element through an intelligent controller to ensure that the heating power is within a safe range, while avoiding excessive heating that leads to energy waste.

[0198] Temperature Feedback: Real-time monitoring of temperature changes in each functional area within the wall. Real-time data is obtained through a sensor array and fed back to the control system. Heating power is dynamically adjusted based on actual temperature needs to ensure rapid recovery of indoor temperature to the comfort interval.

[0199] 2. Real-time monitoring and feedback:

[0200] Temperature Monitoring: During the electric heating control process, real-time monitoring of temperature changes in each functional area within the wall, especially the temperature rise in the second and middle areas.

[0201] Dynamic Adjustment: Based on real-time monitoring data, dynamically adjust heating power to ensure rapid recovery of indoor temperature to the comfort interval. If the indoor temperature rises too fast, reduce the heating power appropriately; if the heating effect is not obvious, increase the heating power.

[0202] 3. Intervention Effect Evaluation:

[0203] Effect Evaluation: Real-time evaluation of the effect of active intervention through the digital twin model, comparing the actual change of indoor temperature with the expected target. If the indoor temperature returns to the comfort interval within the preset time, the intervention measure is considered successful.

[0204] Recording and Optimization: Record the specific parameters of each active intervention (such as heating power, duration) and its impact on the thermal performance of the wall, providing data support for subsequent system optimization.

[0205] Step S11, when the digital twin model predicts that the indoor temperature will reach and maintain within the preset comfort temperature target value range within the second preset time period, terminate the active intervention.

[0206] The specific process is as follows:

[0207] 1. Prediction and Evaluation: Based on the real-time prediction function of the digital twin model, evaluate the trend of indoor temperature changes in the future second preset time period (e.g., 1 hour or 2 hours in the future). The model analyzes the current temperature data, thermal state, and active intervention measures already executed to predict whether the indoor temperature can naturally return to the comfort interval.

[0208] 2. Termination Condition Judgment: If the model predicts that under the condition of continuing the current intervention, the indoor temperature will enter and stabilize within the comfort temperature target value range (e.g., 24-26°C in summer and 18-20°C in winter) within the second preset time period, the termination condition is triggered.

[0209] At this time, the system confirms that the active intervention measure has achieved the expected effect, and the indoor temperature will soon return to stability, without the need for additional heating or cooling measures.

[0210] 3. Active intervention termination:

[0211] Turning off microfluidic circulation or electrothermal regulation: According to the previously executed active intervention measures, the system automatically turns off the corresponding devices. For example, if the microfluidic circulation pipe network is started (step S9), the circulation system of the cooling fluid is turned off; if the electrothermal regulation layer is started (step S10), the electrothermal element is turned off.

[0212] Recording the end of intervention: The system records the end time, duration and final indoor temperature state of the active intervention, providing data support for subsequent performance evaluation and system optimization.

[0213] 4. System recovery passive regulation mode: After terminating the active intervention, the system automatically switches back to the passive regulation mode, continuing to maintain the stability of the indoor temperature through the material properties (such as phase change materials, hollow glass microbeads) and structural design (such as functional gradient distribution) of the wall itself.

[0214] As a refinement and enhancement of the above global active intervention strategy, this method further designs a partitioned collaborative regulation mode. After the aforementioned global active intervention steps S8-S11, if the indoor key area temperature still continuously deviates from the comfort interval for more than a preset time, it can be considered that the preset partitioned collaborative regulation triggering condition is met. At this time, the control method will automatically switch to the partitioned collaborative mode and perform refined regulation including the following steps:

[0215] Step S12, based on the wall surface temperature data collected by the sensor array, analyze the wall surface temperature distribution characteristics.

[0216] Necessary process description:

[0217] 1. Data acquisition: Use the sensor array (such as thermocouple, optical fiber temperature sensor, etc.) embedded in the wall surface to collect real-time temperature data of the wall surface. The sensor array should be evenly distributed to ensure that it can cover the entire surface of the wall to obtain comprehensive temperature information.

[0218] 2. Data preprocessing: Preprocess the collected temperature data, including filtering, denoising and data calibration, to improve the accuracy and reliability of the data. For example, use a sliding average filtering algorithm to remove sensor noise and ensure the smoothness of temperature data.

[0219] 3. Temperature distribution characteristic analysis:

[0220] Temperature gradient analysis: Calculate the temperature gradient between different positions on the wall surface to identify areas with rapid temperature changes. The temperature gradient can be calculated by the temperature difference between adjacent sensors divided by the distance: ; wherein, and Temperature of adjacent two sensors, and Position of sensor.

[0221] Heat flow direction analysis: According to the direction of temperature gradient, determine the direction of heat flow. Heat flow direction usually flows from high temperature area to low temperature area. By analyzing the direction of heat flow, heat source and heat sink areas can be identified.

[0222] Hot spot identification: Identify hot spots (high temperature areas) and cold spots (low temperature areas) on the wall surface. Hot spots and cold spots can be identified by setting temperature thresholds, such as identifying areas higher than the average temperature by 5°C as hot spots and areas lower than the average temperature by 5°C as cold spots.

[0223] 4. Feature summary and visualization: Summarize the temperature distribution characteristics obtained from the analysis and generate a wall surface temperature distribution map. Temperature distribution map can be generated by thermal imaging technology or data visualization software, which can intuitively show the temperature distribution of wall surface. Temperature distribution map should include temperature gradient, heat flow direction, hot spot and cold spot, etc. Key features provide basis for subsequent wall zoning and control strategy.

[0224] Step S13, according to the temperature distribution characteristics obtained from the analysis, divide the wall into multiple independent control sub-regions, and the area of each sub-region does not exceed the preset area threshold.

[0225] The necessary process is as follows:

[0226] 1. Temperature distribution characteristic analysis result application: Based on the temperature distribution characteristics of wall surface obtained in step S12 (such as temperature gradient, heat flow direction, hot spot and cold spot position), determine the thermal characteristics partition of wall surface. For example, hot spot area, cold spot area and area with large temperature gradient are used as key partition basis.

[0227] 2. Set the maximum area threshold of sub-region: According to the size of wall, thermal performance requirements and distribution density of sensor array, set the maximum area threshold of sub-region. For example, for large wall, the maximum area threshold of sub-region can be set to 1 square meter; for small wall, it can be set to 0.5 square meter. This threshold ensures that each sub-region can maintain high accuracy and efficiency in control.

[0228] 3. Sub-region division:

[0229] Grid division: Divide the wall surface into multiple grids, and the area of each grid does not exceed the preset area threshold. Uniform grid division or non-uniform grid division based on temperature distribution characteristics can be used. For example, for hot spot area, smaller grid can be divided to improve control accuracy; for uniform temperature area, larger grid can be divided.

[0230] Independent regulation area determination: According to the temperature distribution characteristics, adjacent grids are combined into independent regulation sub-areas. Each sub-area should have relatively independent thermal characteristics, for example, one sub-area may contain a hot spot and its surrounding temperature gradient area, and another sub-area may contain a cold spot and its surrounding area.

[0231] 4. Sub-area boundary optimization:

[0232] Optimize the boundary of the divided sub-area to minimize the thermal coupling relationship between sub-areas. For example, by adjusting the sub-area boundary, the heat flow direction of each sub-area is as consistent as possible, reducing the cross interference of heat flow between sub-areas.

[0233] Ensure that the division of sub-areas conforms to the physical structure and material characteristics of the wall, avoiding the decline of thermal performance caused by unreasonable division.

[0234] 5. Sub-area recording and marking:

[0235] Record and mark the divided sub-areas to provide basic data for the subsequent establishment of heat conduction model and control strategy. Each sub-area should have a unique identifier and record its position, area, temperature distribution characteristics, etc.

[0236] Step S14, establish a heat conduction model for each sub-area, which is based on the material thermal parameters of the sub-area, real-time temperature data and adjacent area thermal coupling relationship.

[0237] The specific process is as follows:

[0238] 1. Material thermal parameter acquisition: Collect the material thermal parameters of each sub-area, including thermal conductivity (λ), specific heat capacity (cp), density (ρ), etc. These parameters can be obtained through experimental measurement or by consulting material manuals. For example, the thermal parameters of white cement matrix, phase change material microcapsule and hollow glass microsphere used in the wall.

[0239] 2. Real-time temperature data input: Input the real-time temperature data collected by the sensor array into the heat conduction model. These data include the temperature distribution within the sub-area and the temperature difference with adjacent areas. Real-time temperature data is used to reflect the current thermal state and provide initial conditions for the model.

[0240] 3. Thermal coupling relationship analysis: Analyze the thermal coupling relationship between sub-areas, i.e. the heat transfer between adjacent sub-areas. By calculating the temperature gradient and heat flux density between adjacent sub-areas, the thermal coupling strength is determined. For example, heat flux density (q) can be calculated by Fourier's law:

[0241] .

[0242] where ΔT is the temperature difference between adjacent sub-regions, and Δx is the distance between sub-regions.

[0243] 4. Heat conduction model construction: Based on the above parameters and data, a heat conduction model is established for each sub-region. The model can use finite difference method, finite element method or other numerical methods to solve the heat conduction equation. For example, the one-dimensional heat conduction equation can be expressed as: .

[0244] where T is the temperature, t is the time, is the thermal diffusivity.

[0245] The thermal coupling relationship between adjacent sub-regions is considered in the model, and the heat transfer and distribution are described by boundary conditions and initial conditions. For example, for adjacent sub-regions i and i+1, the boundary condition can be expressed as:

[0246] This represents the continuity of heat at the sub-region boundary.

[0247] 5. Model verification and calibration: The model is verified and calibrated using historical data or known thermal behavior. By comparing the model prediction results with the actual monitoring data, the model parameters are adjusted to improve the prediction accuracy. The model parameters are updated regularly to reflect the effects of material aging or environmental changes on thermal performance.

[0248] Step S15, when any sub-region reaches the active intervention trigger condition, the propagation range of the thermal disturbance in the preset time period is predicted based on its heat conduction model, and the phase change material trigger temperature is adjusted in the predicted influence area, and the adjustment amplitude is not less than the preset proportion.

[0249] Necessary process elaboration:

[0250] 1. Active intervention trigger condition judgment: Continuously monitor the real-time temperature data and thermal state of each sub-region, and judge whether the preset active intervention trigger condition is met. For example, when the temperature of a sub-region exceeds the preset comfort interval (such as exceeding 26℃ in summer or below 18℃ in winter) and the phase change completion degree of the phase change material microcapsule exceeds the preset threshold (such as 80%), the active intervention is triggered.

[0251] 2. Thermal disturbance propagation range prediction: When the trigger condition is met, the heat conduction model of the sub-region is used to predict the propagation range of the thermal disturbance in the preset time period (such as the next 1 hour). The model is based on the material thermal parameters of the sub-region, real-time temperature data and the thermal coupling relationship of adjacent regions to calculate the propagation path and influence range of heat. For example, the propagation of heat flow in the wall is calculated by numerical simulation to determine the range of affected sub-regions. Finite difference method or finite element method can be used to solve the heat conduction equation to predict the propagation path and intensity of the thermal disturbance.

[0252] 3. Adjust the trigger temperature of the phase change material: Within the predicted affected area, adjust the trigger temperature of the phase change material microcapsules according to the intensity and propagation range of the thermal disturbance. The adjustment should not be less than a preset percentage (e.g., 10%) to ensure that the phase change material can respond to thermal disturbances more effectively. For example, if the prediction shows that the temperature in a certain sub-region will rise significantly, the trigger temperature of the phase change material in that region and the affected region can be lowered by 10% to initiate the phase change heat absorption process earlier and enhance the thermal insulation effect.

[0253] 4. Adjustment Implementation and Monitoring: The phase change material (PCM) trigger temperature is adjusted via an intelligent control system. Adjustments can be made by regulating the microfluidic circulation temperature within the wall, the power of the heating elements, or the thermal management unit of the PCM. The effects of the adjustments are monitored in real time to ensure the PCM effectively responds to thermal disturbances at the new trigger temperature. If the adjustment is ineffective, the PCM trigger temperature can be further adjusted or other auxiliary measures can be taken.

[0254] 5. Recording and Feedback: Record the specific parameters of each adjustment (such as adjustment range, affected area, and adjustment time) and their impact on the thermal performance of the wall. This data will be fed back into the digital twin model to optimize subsequent thermal disturbance prediction and intervention strategies.

[0255] Step S16: Establish a dynamic heat load distribution mechanism between sub-regions. When the energy storage saturation of the phase change material in a certain sub-region exceeds the preset saturation threshold, the heat load, which is not less than the preset distribution ratio, is redistributed to the adjacent sub-region with lower energy storage saturation.

[0256] Necessary process description:

[0257] 1. Establishment of a dynamic heat load distribution mechanism:

[0258] Design and implement a dynamic heat load distribution mechanism to redistribute heat load among sub-regions. This mechanism is based on the real-time thermal state of each sub-region, particularly the energy storage saturation of the phase change material microcapsules. Energy storage saturation monitoring: Continuously monitor the energy storage saturation of the phase change material microcapsules in each sub-region. Energy storage saturation can be measured by the phase change completion rate of the phase change material; for example, when the phase change completion rate exceeds 80%, the energy storage saturation is considered high.

[0259] 2. Triggering conditions for heat load distribution:

[0260] When the energy storage saturation of the phase change material in a certain sub-region exceeds a preset saturation threshold (e.g., 80%), the heat load distribution mechanism is triggered. This indicates that the phase change material microcapsules in that sub-region are approaching their energy storage limit and some of the heat load needs to be transferred to other sub-regions.

[0261] 3. Heat load redistribution:

[0262] Determine the allocation ratio: According to the preset allocation ratio (e.g., 30%), determine the amount of thermal load that needs to be transferred from the high saturation sub-area. For example, if the phase change material energy storage saturation of a certain sub-area reaches 85%, then 30% of the thermal load of that sub-area will be redistributed.

[0263] Select target sub-area: Select a neighboring sub-area with lower energy storage saturation as the target area for thermal load transfer. The selection of the target sub-area should be based on its current energy storage state and thermal performance of the phase change material, ensuring that it can effectively absorb the transferred thermal load.

[0264] Thermal load transfer implementation: Transfer the thermal load from the high saturation sub-area to the target sub-area by adjusting the heat flow path or thermal management units between sub-areas. For example, the transfer of thermal load can be achieved by adjusting the flow direction or flow rate of microfluid circulation, or by power distribution of electric heating elements.

[0265] 4、Real-time monitoring and adjustment: During the process of thermal load transfer, real-time monitoring of temperature changes and energy storage state of phase change materials in each sub-area is carried out to ensure that the effect of thermal load transfer meets the expected requirements.

[0266] If the energy storage saturation of the target sub-area approaches the preset threshold, adjust the thermal load allocation ratio or select a new target sub-area in time to avoid overloading the target sub-area.

[0267] 5、Recording and feedback: Record the specific parameters of each thermal load allocation (such as allocation ratio, transferred thermal load, target sub-area number) and its impact on the thermal performance of the wall.

[0268] Step S17, when the temperature regulation deviation of a certain sub-area continues to exceed the preset deviation threshold for a preset duration, start the compensation control of adjacent sub-areas, and realize thermal compensation by adjusting the triggering temperature of phase change materials, with an adjustment amplitude not less than the preset compensation ratio.

[0269] The necessary process is described as follows:

[0270] 1、Temperature regulation deviation monitoring: Continuously monitor the temperature regulation deviation of each sub-area, which is the difference between the actual temperature and the target temperature. The temperature regulation deviation can be calculated by the following formula:

[0271] ; Where, is the actual temperature of the sub-area, is the set target temperature.

[0272] 2、Deviation duration judgment: Determine whether the temperature regulation deviation continues to exceed the preset deviation threshold (e.g., ±2°C) for a preset duration (e.g., 30 minutes). If the temperature regulation deviation of a certain sub-area continues to exceed the threshold, it indicates that the temperature regulation effect of that sub-area is not good, and compensation control needs to be started.

[0273] 3. Start adjacent sub-area compensation regulation: When the temperature regulation deviation of a certain sub-area is continuously monitored to exceed the preset deviation threshold for a preset duration, start the compensation regulation mechanism of the adjacent sub-area. Select the sub-area adjacent to the sub-area and with strong thermal coupling relationship as the target area of compensation regulation.

[0274] 4. Adjust the trigger temperature of phase change material: In the adjacent sub-area, adjust the trigger temperature of the phase change material microcapsule to achieve thermal compensation. The adjustment amplitude is not less than the preset compensation ratio (such as 15%). For example, if the trigger temperature of the phase change material in the target sub-area is 25℃, the trigger temperature is lowered to 21.25℃ (lowered by 15%) to enhance the heat absorption or heat release capacity of the phase change material, thereby compensating for the target sub-area.

[0275] 5. Real-time monitoring and adjustment: During the compensation regulation process, real-time monitoring of the temperature change of the target sub-area and the energy storage state of the phase change material is carried out to ensure that the thermal compensation effect meets the expectations. If the temperature regulation deviation of the target sub-area has not been effectively improved, the trigger temperature of the phase change material can be further adjusted or other adjacent sub-areas can be selected for compensation regulation.

[0276] 6. Record and feedback: Record the specific parameters of each compensation regulation (such as adjustment amplitude, compensation sub-area number, compensation time) and its influence on the thermal performance of the wall. Feed these data back to the digital twin model for optimizing the subsequent compensation regulation strategy and thermal performance evaluation.

[0277] It should be noted that all algorithms, models and data processing methods involved in this application, including but not limited to thermal mode recognition, digital twin prediction, collaborative regulation strategy, parameter self-optimization and partition collaborative logic, are strictly limited to the field of building envelope thermal performance optimization and energy saving management. All data processing objects are physical environmental parameters (temperature, radiation, etc.) and material state information, and do not involve any personal information or non-technical business rules. The design goal of the algorithm is purely to improve the thermal performance of the wall as a physical entity and the system energy efficiency, and the decision-making logic is transparent and serves a clear engineering and technical purpose.

[0278] In the above-mentioned management and control methods, the dynamic monitoring, prediction, and active intervention of the wall thermal performance through digital twin models and sensor arrays are elaborated. These methods are mainly aimed at the operation stage of the wall, aiming to improve the energy-saving effect and thermal comfort of the wall through intelligent regulation and control. However, to ensure that the wall maintains high performance in the long-term operation, its preparation process is also crucial. Therefore, a preparation method of directional radiation regulation high-thermal-resistance energy-saving wall is further proposed, which ensures that the wall has excellent thermal performance and structural stability in the manufacturing stage by precisely controlling the material ratio and process parameters. The detailed steps of the preparation method are as follows:

[0279] Step 1, preparation of polyacrylamide hydrogel: dissolve acrylamide monomer, crosslinking agent, and initiator in deionized water, add catalyst and stand for gelation, wherein the mass concentration of acrylamide in the solution is not higher than the first preset concentration value (preferably 3.2wt%). In one specific embodiment, specifically 40g of acrylamide monomer, 2g of N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide crosslinking agent, and 1g of potassium persulfate initiator are dissolved in 1200ml of deionized water. A stirrer is used to stir at a speed of 200-400rpm until the solid material is completely dissolved. Then, 1.2ml of tetramethyl ethylenediamine catalyst is added to the solution using a pipette, and the stirring speed is continued at 100-200rpm to mix uniformly. Then, it is placed at an ambient temperature of 20-25℃ for 30-60 minutes to form a gel. For example, when the solution temperature is controlled at 23℃, the gelation time is about 45 minutes, and the elastic modulus of the obtained hydrogel can reach 1.2kPa. After breaking, it can heal within 5 minutes, effectively avoiding the sedimentation of phase change microcapsules.

[0280] Step 2, pre-mixing treatment: mix phase change material microcapsules with white cement powder according to the first preset ratio (mass ratio preferably 1:10) in a resonance mixing device, and treat under the condition that the resonance frequency is not less than the second preset frequency value (preferably 60Hz) and the acceleration is not less than 50g for not less than the first preset time (preferably 30 minutes), so that the two are uniformly mixed. For example, when the average particle size of the phase change microcapsules is 30μm, resonance treatment for 25 minutes can achieve uniform dispersion, and the resonance cavity temperature of the resonance mixing device is controlled at 25±2℃ to avoid premature phase change of the phase change material microcapsules during mixing.

[0281] Step 3, slurry preparation: the obtained hydrogel, hollow glass microspheres and premixed powder are mixed according to a second preset ratio (mass ratio preferably 20:1:10), and are treated under low-speed stirring for no less than a second preset time (preferably 5 minutes) to form a uniform slurry by using the crushing-healing characteristics of the hydrogel, wherein the particle size of the hollow glass microspheres is no greater than a first preset particle size value (preferably 50 μm). For example, when the slurry temperature is maintained at 22°C, the viscosity is maintained at about 2800 mPa·s, at which time the premixed powder is added and stirred at a speed of 150 rpm, which can ensure that the breakage rate of the phase change microcapsules is less than 5%. Specifically, 623 g of hydrogel and 30 g of glass microspheres are mixed at a speed of 300-500 rpm, and then the premixed powder is added and stirred at a speed of 100-200 rpm for 5 minutes, and the slurry viscosity is controlled in the range of 2000-4000 mPa·s.

[0282] Step 4, casting forming: the slurry is injected into the mold and is treated by vibration (preferably using a vibration table or manual vibration), to form a dense wallboard blank. For example, when the mold size is 600 mm x 400 mm x 100 mm, the casting speed is controlled at 0.8 kg / min, the vibration frequency is 75 Hz, the amplitude is 0.7 mm, and the vibration time is 8 minutes, and the wallboard blank density uniformity error is less than 3%. The casting speed is controlled at 0.5-1.0 kg / min, the vibration frequency is preferably 50-100 Hz, the amplitude is 0.5-1.0 mm, and the vibration time is no less than 5 minutes.

[0283] Step 5, surface treatment and curing: an aluminum silver powder layer is applied to the indoor side surface of the wallboard blank by an electrostatic spraying process, and the coating thickness is no less than a first preset thickness value (preferably 50-150 μm). For example, when the spraying voltage is 70 kV and the spraying distance is 180 mm, the coating thickness can reach 80 μm, and the adhesion grade reaches level 1, meeting the GB / T9286 standard. The spraying voltage is 60-80 kV, the spraying distance is 150-200 mm, the atomizing gas pressure is 0.3-0.5 MPa, and the spray gun moving speed is 0.3-0.5 m / s. The curing environment, as an example of a preset room temperature environment, can be a temperature of 20-25°C and a relative humidity of 60-70%, and the third preset time can be preferably 24 hours.

[0284] Step 6, curing demolding: after curing, demolding is performed to obtain a directional radiation regulated high thermal resistance energy-saving wall. For example, after curing for 24 hours at 23°C and 65% RH, the wallboard compressive strength can reach 12 MPa, and the measured value of the thermal conductivity is 0.065 W / (m·K), meeting the A-class combustion performance requirements. After demolding, the wallboard surface is polished and trimmed as needed, and performance tests such as strength, thermal conductivity, density, porosity, etc. are performed.

[0285] The embodiments of the present application are preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application, and thus: any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation, characterized in that, include: The outer layer is composed of a white cement matrix with an iron content of ≤0.3wt% (Fe2O3) and a manganese content of ≤0.05wt% (MnO). The iron content of the white cement matrix is ​​lower than the first preset threshold and the manganese content is lower than the second preset threshold, so that the outer layer has a reflectivity of ≥0.85 in the solar spectrum and an emissivity of ≥0.90 in the atmospheric window band. The intermediate layer, composited on the inner side of the outer layer, is composed of a white cement matrix, polyacrylamide hydrogel, hollow glass microspheres, and phase change material microcapsules. The polyacrylamide hydrogel forms a three-dimensional network structure to disperse and fix the hollow glass microspheres and phase change material microcapsules, preventing sedimentation. The hollow glass microspheres are dispersed in the white cement matrix to construct multi-level pores to enhance thermal resistance. The phase change material microcapsules are dispersed in the white cement matrix to absorb and release heat and smooth temperature fluctuations. The inner layer, located on the interior surface of the middle layer, is composed of an electrostatically sprayed metal powder layer and has an emissivity of ≤0.1 in the infrared band.

2. The high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal powder layer is an aluminum-silver powder layer.

3. The high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase change material microcapsules exhibit a functional gradient distribution along the thickness direction of the intermediate layer, specifically comprising three functional regions: The first region, near the outer layer, is equipped with phase change material microcapsules with a phase change temperature not lower than a first preset temperature value, and the volume content of hollow glass microspheres is not lower than a first preset content value. The second region, near the inner layer, is equipped with phase change material microcapsules with a phase change temperature not higher than the second preset temperature value, and the volume content of hollow glass microspheres is not higher than the second preset content value. The middle region, located between the first region and the second region, is equipped with phase change material microcapsules with a phase change temperature between a first preset temperature value and a second preset temperature value, and the volume doping of hollow glass microspheres is between a first preset doping value and a second preset doping value. Among them, the first preset temperature value is higher than the second preset temperature value, and the first preset dosage value is higher than the second preset dosage value.

4. A method for controlling a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation, applied to the high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation as described in claim 3, characterized in that, include: By pre-embedding sensor arrays in each functional area of ​​the intermediate layer, temperature data of each area is collected, and outdoor solar radiation intensity and indoor and outdoor ambient temperature are also obtained. The temperature gradient change rate between adjacent areas is calculated based on the collected temperature data. The dominant thermal mode is identified according to the preset temperature threshold and radiation threshold, including summer insulation mode, winter heat preservation mode and transitional season adaptive mode. Based on the identified dominant thermal mode, the corresponding passive control strategy is executed.

5. The method for controlling a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation according to claim 4, characterized in that, Based on the identified dominant thermal mode, the corresponding passive control strategies implemented include: When the summer insulation mode is identified, the first synergistic control strategy is implemented: the first region of the middle layer is the dominant control zone, which blocks the input of external heat through the phase change heat absorption of its phase change material microcapsules and the high thermal resistance of hollow glass microspheres; at the same time, the middle region is used as the secondary control zone to provide thermal buffer, and the second region is used as the basic insulation zone to maintain the terminal thermal resistance; the high reflectivity and high emissivity of the outer layer and the low emissivity of the inner layer are activated simultaneously to form a progressive insulation system from the outside to the inside. When the winter insulation mode is identified, the second synergistic control strategy is implemented: the second region of the middle layer is the dominant control zone, which maintains indoor thermal stability through the phase change heat release and thermal buffering structure of its phase change material microcapsules; at the same time, the first region is used as an external barrier zone to block the invasion of outdoor low temperature, and the middle region is used as a transition zone to achieve a smooth temperature distribution; the low emissivity characteristics of the inner layer are used as the main synergistic means, which, together with the high emissivity characteristics of the outer layer, form a thermal protection system from the inside out. When the transitional season adaptive mode is identified, the third collaborative regulation strategy is executed: the middle region of the intermediate layer is used as the core regulation area, and dynamic temperature regulation is achieved through the cyclic phase change and balanced thermal resistance and thermal capacity structure of its phase change material microcapsules; the first and second regions serve as boundary stabilization regions, providing stable thermal boundaries for dynamic temperature regulation; the radiation characteristics of the outer and inner layers participate in the regulation synchronously, and together achieve adaptive thermal environment balance.

6. The method for controlling a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes steps that occur before the corresponding passive control strategy is executed, as follows: The real-time collected sensor array data and environmental parameters are input into a preset digital twin model corresponding to the physical structure of the wall. The sensor array data includes temperature data of the three functional areas of the middle layer, the rate of change of temperature gradient between each area, and the phase change state data of the phase change material microcapsules in each area. Based on the digital twin model, the system outputs prediction results of the temperature evolution trend of each functional region of the intermediate layer and the phase change state of the phase change material microcapsules within a preset time period. Based on the prediction results, the triggering parameters of the coordinated control strategy are proactively adjusted: when the prediction shows that the temperature of the first region will reach the first preset temperature value within a time threshold not higher than the first preset temperature value, the temperature threshold for triggering the secondary control zone function is adjusted to be no higher than the second preset temperature value; when the prediction shows that the temperature of the second region will drop to below the third preset temperature value within a time threshold not higher than the second preset temperature value, the temperature difference threshold for controlling the effectiveness of the external barrier zone is adjusted to be no lower than the first preset temperature difference value; when the prediction shows that the phase change cycle frequency of the intermediate region exceeds the preset frequency threshold, the allowable temperature fluctuation range of the boundary stable zone is reduced to a preset proportion of the original range. The adjusted parameters are stored, and based on the prediction results, the triggering time of each coordinated control strategy is advanced by no less than the third time threshold.

7. The method for controlling a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: After the passive control strategy is executed, the historical data of the sensor array and environmental parameters collected within the preset period are input into the digital twin model. Based on the digital twin model, by comparing the deviation between historical monitoring data and the model's expected data, the assessment results of the degree of thermal performance degradation in each functional area are output. Based on the evaluation results, the baseline parameters of the coordinated control strategy are calibrated and optimized: when the thermal buffering efficiency of the first region decreases beyond the first preset tolerance, the temperature threshold for identifying the summer insulation mode is lowered by the first calibration amount; when the phase change material performance of the second region decreases beyond the second preset tolerance, the temperature difference threshold for identifying the winter insulation mode is raised by the second calibration amount; when the temperature regulation performance of the intermediate region decreases beyond the third preset tolerance, the allowable temperature fluctuation range of the transition season adaptive mode is narrowed by a preset percentage. The calibrated and optimized parameters are updated to the digital twin model and strategy parameter storage unit to complete the system's self-optimization.

8. The method for controlling a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation is also equipped with a microfluidic circulation network pre-embedded in the first and middle areas of the intermediate layer, and an electrothermal regulation layer set between the second and middle areas. The control method also includes active intervention steps, as follows: Based on the prediction results of the digital twin model, determine whether any of the following active intervention trigger conditions will be met within the first preset time period in the future: First trigger condition: In summer heat insulation mode, the predicted indoor temperature exceeds the upper limit of the comfort range, and the phase change completion of the phase change material microcapsules in the first region exceeds the fourth preset threshold. Second trigger condition: In winter insulation mode, the predicted indoor temperature is lower than the lower limit of the comfort range, and the phase change completion of the phase change material microcapsules in the second region exceeds the fifth preset threshold. When the first triggering condition is met, the first active intervention is executed: the microfluidic circulation network is started, and the temperature of the circulating fluid flowing through the network is controlled to be no higher than the first preset temperature value; When the second triggering condition is met, the second active intervention is executed: the electrothermal control layer is activated to control the heating power to be no higher than the first preset power value; When the digital twin model predicts that the indoor temperature will reach and remain within the preset comfort temperature target range during the second preset time period, the active intervention will be terminated.

9. A method for preparing a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation, applied to the high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation as described in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, include: Preparation of polyacrylamide hydrogel: Acrylamide monomer, crosslinking agent and initiator are dissolved in deionized water, and after adding catalyst, the mixture is allowed to stand and gel. The mass concentration of acrylamide in the solution is not higher than a first preset concentration value. Premixing treatment: Phase change material microcapsules and white cement powder are placed in a resonant mixing device according to a first preset ratio, and the resonant treatment is carried out for a time not less than a second preset frequency value to obtain premixed powder. Slurry preparation: The obtained hydrogel, hollow glass microspheres and premixed powder are mixed according to the second preset ratio and processed for no less than the second preset time under the preset stirring speed. During the stirring process, the hydrogel network is broken by shearing to promote dispersion, and the system is stabilized by its rehealing characteristics after standing, thereby forming a uniform slurry. The particle size of the hollow glass microspheres is no greater than the first preset particle size value. Casting and molding: The slurry is injected into the mold and compacted by vibration to form a dense wall panel blank; Surface treatment and curing: Apply an aluminum silver powder layer to the interior side surface of the wall panel blank through electrostatic spraying process. The coating thickness is not less than the first preset thickness value. Then, place the mold in a preset room temperature environment for curing for not less than the third preset time. Demolding: After curing, demolding is performed to obtain a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation.

Images