Ultrasonic lamb wave logging device and logging equipment
By acquiring continuous mud wave velocity along the wellbore direction using an ultrasonic Lamb wave logging device, the problems of low accuracy and insufficient applicability of cementing quality detection in existing technologies are solved, achieving efficient and accurate cementing quality detection and applicability to highly deviated wells.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410996839.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-27
AI Technical Summary
Existing cementing quality testing methods cannot accurately determine the bonding status of low-density cement, have low testing accuracy, and are not applicable to highly deviated wells and horizontal wells, which are limited by the construction environment.
An ultrasonic Lamb wave logging device is used, including a Lamb wave transmitting transducer, a receiving transducer, a resonant wave transmitting and receiving transducer, and a mud sound velocity measuring transducer. The transceiver system transmits and acquires ultrasonic signals, and combined with automatic gain processing, obtains the continuous mud wave velocity along the wellbore direction. A roller centering tool is used to keep the probe centered in highly deviated wells and horizontal wells, adapting to different well types.
It improves the calculation accuracy and detection efficiency of cementing quality inspection, is applicable to highly deviated wells and horizontal wells, avoids the limitations of the construction environment, and enhances the adaptability and measurement accuracy of the instrument.
Smart Images
Figure CN121407938A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of logging instrument technology, and in particular to an ultrasonic Lamb wave logging device and logging equipment. Background Technology
[0002] With the continuous development of oil and gas field drilling, exploration, and development, oil logging technology has also advanced rapidly, urgently requiring advanced science and technology to play a vital role in oil and gas field development. Currently, commonly used cementing quality inspection methods include those based on CBL (acoustic amplitude logging) and / or VDL (acoustic variable density logging). However, these methods cannot accurately determine the cementing status of low-density cement, resulting in low accuracy. Subsequent developments have combined acoustic impedance measurement and A0 bending Lamb wave attenuation measurement for cementing quality inspection. However, when inverting the media inside and outside the casing, continuous mud wave velocity along the wellbore direction cannot be obtained, leading to low detection efficiency and calculation accuracy. Furthermore, the instruments are not suitable for highly deviated wells and horizontal wells, limiting the operational environment. Summary of the Invention
[0003] This disclosure provides an ultrasonic Lamb wave logging device and logging equipment, which can obtain continuous mud wave velocity along the wellbore direction when inverting the internal and external media. The detection efficiency and calculation accuracy are relatively low, and it is suitable for highly deviated wells and horizontal wells, avoiding the limitation of the construction environment.
[0004] In a first aspect, this disclosure provides an ultrasonic Lamb wave logging device, comprising:
[0005] The probe includes a Lamb wave transmitting transducer, a Lamb wave receiving transducer, a resonant wave transmitting and receiving transducer, and a mud sound velocity measuring transducer.
[0006] The line section includes a transceiver system connected to each transducer in the probe. During logging, the transceiver system transmits excitation signals to the Lamb wave transmitting transducer, the resonant wave transmitting and receiving transducer, and the mud velocity measuring transducer in the probe, so that the corresponding transducers emit corresponding ultrasonic signals. It also collects the echo signals returned by the Lamb wave receiving transducer, the resonant wave transmitting and receiving transducer, and the mud velocity measuring transducer, and performs automatic gain processing on the echo signals.
[0007] In some embodiments, the device further includes a roller straightening tool, mounted on the side of the line portion away from the probe, wherein bearings are mounted at both ends of the roller straightening tool.
[0008] In some embodiments, the bearing includes a spherical roller bearing.
[0009] In some embodiments, the transceiver system includes:
[0010] The pre-amplifier board is connected to each transducer in the probe and is used to send excitation signals to the Lamb wave transmitting transducer, the resonant wave transmitting and receiving transducer and the mud sound velocity measuring transducer so that the corresponding transducers emit corresponding ultrasonic signals and receive the echo signals returned by the Lamb wave receiving transducer, the resonant wave transmitting and receiving transducer and the mud sound velocity measuring transducer.
[0011] An ADC acquisition unit, connected to the transmitting preamplifier board, is used to acquire echo signals;
[0012] The control unit, connected to the preamplifier board and the ADC acquisition unit, is used to control the preamplifier board to send excitation signals to the Lamb wave transmitting transducer, the resonant wave transmitting and receiving transducer and the mud sound velocity measuring transducer, so as to receive the echo signal sent by the ADC acquisition unit and calculate the signal gain based on the echo signal sent by the ADC acquisition unit.
[0013] A programmable gain amplifier, connected to the control unit, is used to automatically adjust the gain of the echo signal according to the signal gain and then feed it back to the control unit.
[0014] In some embodiments, the transceiver system further includes:
[0015] The communication board, connected to the control unit, is used to communicate with the ground acquisition system, store echo signals, and set the time delay of the logging device.
[0016] In some embodiments, the time delay includes a fixed time delay and a dynamic time delay; the fixed time delay is set by a ground acquisition system; the dynamic time delay is adjusted in real time by commands issued by the ground acquisition system.
[0017] In some embodiments, the control unit is further configured to control the timing of the ultrasonic signal while controlling the transmitting preamplifier to send the excitation signal.
[0018] In some embodiments, the probe is a rotating probe, and the circuit portion further includes:
[0019] A motor is connected to a rotary transformer, and the motor is connected to the rotating probe to drive the rotating probe to rotate via the rotary transformer.
[0020] A motor drive board is connected to the motor and the control unit;
[0021] The motor control board is connected to the motor drive board and the rotary transformer.
[0022] In some embodiments, the control unit calculates the signal gain based on the echo signal sent by the ADC acquisition unit in the following manner:
[0023] For the echo signal sent by the ADC acquisition unit, a threshold decision is made based on a pre-set first threshold and a second threshold.
[0024] If the echo signal is higher than the first threshold, the overflow flag count is incremented by 1;
[0025] If the echo signal is below the second threshold, the underflow flag count is incremented by 1;
[0026] Within one acquisition cycle, the signal gain level is calculated based on the number of overflow or underflow flag signals, and the signal gain level is sent to the programmable gain amplifier for automatic gain adjustment.
[0027] Secondly, this disclosure provides a logging device, including the logging apparatus described in the first aspect, wherein the roller straightening tool is sequentially connected to a gamma logging sub, a three-parameter logging instrument, and a rotary sub.
[0028] The logging device and equipment disclosed herein include a Lamb wave transmitting transducer, a Lamb wave receiving transducer, a resonant wave transmitting and receiving transducer, and a mud sound velocity measuring transducer in the probe, which increases the types of wellbore information acquisition. When inverting the media inside and outside the casing, it can obtain continuous mud wave velocity along the wellbore direction, with high detection efficiency and calculation accuracy. It adopts a roller straightening tool with bearings installed at both ends, which can be applied to highly deviated wells and horizontal wells, avoiding the limitation of the construction environment. Attached Figure Description
[0029] The present disclosure will be described in more detail below based on embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings:
[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the connection structure of an ultrasonic Lamb wave logging device provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0031] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the roller straightening tool provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;
[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a circuit portion provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the automatic gain control process provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of logging equipment provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the mud sound velocity measurement transducer in the probe provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.
[0036] In the accompanying drawings, the same parts are referred to by the same reference numerals, and the drawings are not drawn to scale. Detailed Implementation
[0037] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this disclosure, and to fully understand and implement the process of how this disclosure applies technical means to solve technical problems and achieve corresponding technical effects, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, not all embodiments. The embodiments of this disclosure and the various features within them can be combined with each other without conflict, and the resulting technical solutions are all within the protection scope of this disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this disclosure without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of this disclosure.
[0038] In related technologies, a method for calculating the impedance of materials inside and outside the casing is provided, including: setting a Lamb wave measurement device and a resonance wave measurement device to point to the same position inside the casing to obtain the Lamb wave attenuation measurement value and the resonance wave resonance efficiency measurement value; calculating the impedance value of the materials inside and outside the casing based on the Lamb wave attenuation measurement value and a predetermined first functional relationship between the impedance of materials inside and outside the casing and the Lamb wave attenuation, and based on the resonance wave resonance efficiency measurement value and a predetermined second functional relationship between the impedance of materials inside and outside the casing and the resonance efficiency. This improves the accuracy of impedance inversion of materials after casing and can simultaneously calculate the acoustic impedance of the fluid material inside the casing.
[0039] Related technologies also provide a cementing quality inspection method based on ultrasonic Lamb waves, including: acquiring a first ultrasonic Lamb wave signal received by a first receiver and acquiring a second ultrasonic Lamb wave signal received by a second receiver; calculating the first wave energy of the zero-order symmetric Lamb wave of the first ultrasonic Lamb wave signal within a first time window, and calculating the second wave energy of the zero-order symmetric Lamb wave of the second ultrasonic Lamb wave signal within a second time window; calculating the attenuation rate of the zero-order symmetric Lamb wave based on the first wave energy, the second wave energy, the first distance, and the second distance; comparing the attenuation rate with a pre-generated attenuation rate threshold, and determining the external medium properties based on the comparison result. This scheme is beneficial for improving the accuracy of cementing quality inspection; and it can achieve cementing quality evaluation independently without the need for combined acoustic impedance information, which simplifies the cementing quality inspection process to a certain extent and improves the efficiency of cementing quality inspection.
[0040] In related technologies, a drilling ultrasonic Lamb wave imaging logging device is also provided to improve the technical problems of logging instruments being unable to perform logging operations on highly deviated wells and having low measurement accuracy. The device includes a drill collar sub, which is coaxially connected to the drill collar or integrally formed and connected to the bottom of the drill collar; logging components, at least one set, are respectively disposed on the drill collar sub, with multiple sets of logging components evenly arranged along the circumference of the drill collar sub; each set of logging components includes: a transmitting probe, embedded in the drill collar sub; multiple receiving probes, each embedded in the drill collar sub; the multiple receiving probes are arranged along the axial direction of the drill collar sub, and the multiple receiving probes are respectively located above the transmitting probe and on the same vertical line as the corresponding transmitting probe. This device enables logging operations on highly deviated wells, improves the measurement accuracy and compactness of the logging instrument, and reduces the operating difficulty and maintenance cost of the logging instrument.
[0041] In related technologies, a method for identifying the cement sheath bonding condition in casing wells using SH mode waves and A0 mode waves is also provided. Eight reciprocal transducers are evenly placed around the circumference of the casing. The first transducer is the transmitting probe; the second and third transducers receive the circumferentially propagating waveforms; the fourth transducer excites circumferentially propagating waves within the casing; a Hilbert transform is performed on the full-wave waveforms received by the second and third transducers, and the attenuation value in each sector is calculated. The eight circumferential measurement units operate in a time-sharing manner to obtain the attenuation of the SH mode waves and A0 mode waves in eight sectors of two adjacent transducers. The shear wave impedance of the medium behind the casing is inverted, and the shear wave velocity of the medium behind the casing in its respective sector is calculated. The longitudinal wave impedance of the medium behind the casing is inverted using the attenuation value of the A0 mode wave, and its longitudinal wave velocity is calculated. The bonding condition between the casing and the cement sheath is then given. This method can identify the bonding condition at the interface between the casing and the cement sheath, as well as between the cement sheath and the formation.
[0042] A related technology discloses a three-dimensional acoustic logging P-wave velocity radial profile inversion imaging method, the steps of which are as follows: S1, perform waveform velocity analysis on the acquired monopole acoustic full-wave train array data to obtain the P-wave time difference; S2, calculate the uniform field array waveform and the measured scattered field array waveform at the processing depth location based on the P-wave time difference; S3, calculate the time-domain theoretical scattered field array waveform using the wellbore scattered wave theoretical model; S4, construct the inversion objective function by combining the measured scattered field array waveform and the time-domain theoretical scattered field array waveform; S5, obtain the P-wave velocity radial profile at the processing depth location through inversion; S6, repeat steps S2-S5 until the entire depth range is processed to obtain the P-wave velocity radial profile for the logging depth range, which describes and interprets the three-dimensional velocity variation characteristics of the formation near the wellbore. This method has strong applicability, is simple and convenient to calculate, fast and practical, and is suitable for rapid processing of large amounts of field data.
[0043] Among related technologies, a method for jointly inverting the P-wave and S-wave velocity ratio of a reservoir using P-wave and converted wave data is also provided. This method adopts the idea of infinitely approximating the rate of change of γ obtained from seismic reflection information obtained from gathers with the rate of change of γ obtained from travel time information to construct an inversion objective function. The key parameters of the objective function include the P-wave intercept, P-wave gradient, converted wave gradient, and the P-wave and S-wave velocity ratio calculated from travel time information. These parameters can all be obtained from the AVO information and travel time information of the actual input P-wave and converted wave gathers. Therefore, the construction of the objective function is more reasonable, and the elastic parameters of the final inverted P-wave and S-wave velocity ratio are more accurate.
[0044] In addition, Xu Feilong et al. (2017) obtained the acoustic impedance of cement by ultrasonic reflection method, thereby obtaining the longitudinal wave velocity of cement.
[0045] Although the above-mentioned existing technologies all involve ultrasonic Lamb waves, they do not continuously collect mud wave velocities along the wellbore direction during calculation. Instead, they use fixed values or fitting formulas to provide numerical values. This has little impact when the wellbore contains clear water (for a small portion of the time). However, when the wellbore contains complex fluids such as mud (which is the case for most of the time), the mud wave velocities at different locations within the wellbore vary significantly, making it difficult to collect this information effectively using the aforementioned technologies.
[0046] Example 1
[0047] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the connection structure of an ultrasonic Lamb wave logging device is shown, as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the ultrasonic Lamb wave logging device provided in this embodiment includes:
[0048] The probe includes a Lamb wave transmitting transducer, a Lamb wave receiving transducer, a resonant wave transmitting and receiving transducer, and a mud sound velocity measuring transducer.
[0049] The wiring section includes a transceiver system, which is connected to each transducer in the probe. During the logging process, the transceiver system transmits excitation signals to the Lamb wave transmitting transducer, the resonant wave transmitting and receiving transducer, and the mud velocity measuring transducer in the probe, so that the corresponding transducers emit corresponding ultrasonic signals. It also collects the echo signals returned by the Lamb wave receiving transducer, the resonant wave transmitting and receiving transducer, and the mud velocity measuring transducer, and performs automatic gain processing on the echo signals.
[0050] The mud velocity measurement transducer installed in the probe of the instrument body continuously collects mud wave velocity information along the wellbore direction for inversion calculation of the medium behind the casing. Unlike traditional ultrasonic Lamb wave logging, the probe of the logging device in this embodiment has 5 transducers: 1 Lamb wave transmitting transducer, 2 Lamb wave receiving transducers to receive echo signals from long distance and short distance respectively (the distance range can be set according to actual needs), 1 main transmitting / receiving transducer (i.e., resonant wave transmitting / receiving transducer), and 1 mud velocity measurement transducer.
[0051] In some embodiments, it further includes: a roller straightening tool, mounted on the side of the line section away from the probe, with bearings mounted at both ends of the roller straightening tool. In specific applications, it can be used... Figure 2 The roller straightening tool shown in Figure A has bearings 201 mounted at both ends. The bearings 201 can be... Figure 2 The conventional bearing shown in B can also be Figure 2 The spherical roller bearing shown in C is used as a centering tool. Adding this centering tool to the lower part of the logging instrument body allows the instrument probe to maintain a good centered position while rotating, thus more effectively exciting ultrasonic Lamb waves. This enables the instrument probe to maintain a normal centered state even in highly deviated and horizontal wells, without affecting probe rotation. Furthermore, this centering tool can be installed or not depending on the well type, increasing the instrument's adaptability. When using spherical roller bearings, the number of balls in the bearing can be increased according to actual needs, reducing the movement space of the balls within the bearing, thereby further improving the centering and centering effect. Furthermore, the aforementioned roller centering tool can be added inside the probe to further enhance the centering and centering effect.
[0052] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 The transceiver system shown includes:
[0053] The preamplifier board is connected to each transducer in the probe and is used to send excitation signals to the Lamb wave transmitting transducer, the resonant wave transmitting and receiving transducer, and the mud sound velocity measuring transducer, so that the corresponding transducers emit corresponding ultrasonic signals and receive the echo signals returned by the Lamb wave receiving transducer, the resonant wave transmitting and receiving transducer, and the mud sound velocity measuring transducer; wherein, the excitation signal can be a high-frequency pulse excitation signal.
[0054] The ADC acquisition unit is connected to the preamplifier board and is used to acquire echo signals.
[0055] The control unit, connected to the preamplifier board and the ADC acquisition unit, is used to control the preamplifier board to send excitation signals to the Lamb wave transmitting transducer, the resonant wave transmitting and receiving transducer and the mud sound velocity measuring transducer, so as to receive the echo signal sent by the ADC acquisition unit and calculate the signal gain based on the echo signal sent by the ADC acquisition unit.
[0056] A programmable gain amplifier, connected to the control unit, is used to automatically adjust the gain of the echo signal according to the signal gain and then feed it back to the control unit.
[0057] In practical applications, the circuit section is connected to a 180VAC power supply, which is converted to ±15V, ±5V, 400V, and 3.3V power supplies. After being filtered by the power supply filter board, the power is supplied to the various modules of the circuit section. The preamplifier board is connected to a 400V power supply and is connected to one Lamb wave transmitting transducer, two Lamb wave receiving transducers, one main transmitting / receiving transducer, and one mud sound velocity measurement transducer. The excitation signal is transmitted and the echo signal is received through the corresponding signal transmission channels of the preamplifier board.
[0058] The ADC acquisition unit uses a 2.5MHz, 14-bit high-speed AD acquisition. The control unit realizes transmission control, automatic gain control, signal compression, and acquisition of motor current, temperature, and slew rate signals. The programmable gain amplifier (PGA) automatically adjusts the gain of the echo signal according to the signal gain output by the control unit and feeds it back to the control unit.
[0059] In some embodiments, the transceiver system further includes:
[0060] The communication board, connected to the control unit, is used to communicate with the ground acquisition system, store echo signals, and set the time delay for the logging device. The communication board has, for example, 64GB of storage space. The time delay includes a fixed time delay and a dynamic time delay; the fixed time delay is set by the ground acquisition system; the dynamic time delay is adjusted in real time by commands issued by the ground acquisition system.
[0061] For acquiring ultrasonic Lamb wave, resonant mode wave, and mud velocity measurement information, fixed time delays, variable time delays, and increased waveform acquisition lengths can be set to acquire more information from the wellbore and increase the amount of wellbore information acquired. When a fixed time delay is set, this time delay can be updated via firmware updates. When a dynamic time delay is set, since it needs to be dynamically adjusted based on real-time monitoring data during information acquisition, commands can be issued from the surface acquisition system to increase or decrease the dynamic time delay in real time according to changes in the measurement environment such as wellbore size and mud environment, thereby giving the instrument better adaptability to the measurement environment. It should be noted that the first wave must be acquired completely, and a portion of the baseline before the first wave should be retained to ensure that while acquiring the first wave, the acquired waveform has a relatively long tail and is as complete as possible.
[0062] The mud velocity measurement transducer uses an ultrasonic transducer. The distance from its surface to the wellbore is: Dw = 1 / 2Vms*Ts, where Vms is the mud velocity and Ts is the travel time of the ultrasonic wave reflected back to the transducer surface. For a wellbore of fixed size, the Ts time is relatively fixed. However, the echo signals reflecting information such as casing formation are all after Ts. Therefore, in this embodiment, by setting a fixed delay in the control unit, the acquisition time window is shifted to the later stage, which allows more useful information to be obtained.
[0063] In some embodiments, the control unit is further configured to control the timing of the ultrasonic signal while controlling the preamplifier board to send the excitation signal, thereby achieving transmission control. This embodiment controls the waveform timing of the transmission, which can reduce waveform interference caused by wellbore reflections or direct waves. Controlling the waveform excitation sequence can effectively reduce waveform interference, improve the waveform signal-to-noise ratio, and thus improve the quality of the acquired waveform.
[0064] The Lamb wave frequency range is 200-250kHz. In this embodiment, a filter with a passband of 150-500kHz is used to filter the echo signal from the Lamb wave receiving transducer. This filter is a bandpass filter composed of a third-order Butterworth high-pass filter and a third-order Butterworth low-pass filter. Its advantage is that the frequency response curve within the passband is flat and without fluctuations. Compared with other similar logging instruments that collect 250 points per line, this embodiment collects more than 300 echo signal collection points from the Lamb wave receiving transducer, thereby increasing the amount of information collected and providing data for subsequent waveform refinement processing.
[0065] In this embodiment, the transceiver system needs to attenuate larger signals and amplify smaller signals to compensate for the small dynamic range of the ADC input. Therefore, automatic gain control is used to adjust the signal gain to a suitable range to achieve optimal measurement results. Thus, in some embodiments, the control unit calculates the signal gain based on the echo signal sent by the ADC acquisition unit in the following manner:
[0066] For the echo signal sent by the ADC acquisition unit, a threshold decision is made based on a pre-set first threshold and a second threshold.
[0067] If the echo signal is higher than the first threshold, the overflow flag count is incremented by 1;
[0068] If the echo signal is below the second threshold, the underflow flag count is incremented by 1;
[0069] Within one acquisition cycle, the signal gain level is calculated based on the number of overflow or underflow flag signals, and the signal gain level is sent to the programmable gain amplifier for automatic gain adjustment.
[0070] by Figure 4 Taking the automatic gain control flow shown as an example, the automatic gain control adjustment process is as follows:
[0071] First, two threshold comparators are set up. A flag signal is triggered when the Lamb wave signal exceeds a high threshold or falls below a low threshold. The gain is adjusted by these two flag signals. Here, the overflow flag is defined as `over_cnt`, and the underflow flag is defined as `under_cnt`. The gain step size `gain_step` is designed to be 6dB (approximately 2 times), with a maximum gain of 42dB and a total of 8 gain levels. In the initial reset state, the gain is set to the maximum gain value of 42dB. The received `over_cnt` and `under_cnt` are counted in different windows. When `over_cnt > 48`, the gain is decreased by 2 levels. When `over_cnt > 8 && <= 48`, the gain is decreased by 1 level. When `under_cnt >= 8`, the gain is increased by 1 level. The acquisition period is set to 72, the high threshold (first threshold) is 70% of the full scale, and the low threshold (second threshold) is 30% of the full scale.
[0072] In some embodiments, the probe is a rotating probe, such as... Figure 3 The circuit section shown also includes:
[0073] The motor is connected to a rotary transformer. The motor is connected to the rotary probe and is used to drive the rotary probe to rotate through the rotary transformer.
[0074] Motor drive board, which connects to the motor and control unit;
[0075] The motor control board is connected to the motor drive board and the rotary transformer.
[0076] In this embodiment, the device incorporates mud wave information acquisition, continuously acquiring mud wave information from the wellbore during measurement. This increases the amount and types of wellbore information acquired, effectively improving subsequent waveform processing efficiency and calculation accuracy, and enhancing the interpretation accuracy of wellbore information. By employing fixed and variable time delays and increasing waveform acquisition length, more information from the wellbore is acquired, further increasing the amount of wellbore information collected and enabling the instrument to adapt to different casing sizes. The device also utilizes automatic gain control and increased waveform acquisition length to improve waveform acquisition accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio. A dedicated centering tool is used to effectively excite specific ultrasonic modes in environments such as highly deviated / horizontal wells, thereby improving the instrument's environmental adaptability. The device offers rich measurement information, simple measurement, stable measurement signals, strong noise resistance, and features safety, environmental friendliness, high efficiency, high resolution, and low cost.
[0077] Example 2
[0078] This embodiment provides a logging device, including the logging apparatus of Embodiment 1, wherein a roller straightening tool is sequentially connected to a gamma logging sub, a three-parameter logging instrument, and a rotating sub.
[0079] A schematic diagram of a well logging device as an application example, such as Figure 5 As shown, the probe section is connected to the wiring section, one end of the roller straightening tool is connected to the wiring section, and the other end is sequentially connected to a 3514 sub with a gamma logging tool, a three-parameter logging tool, and a rotating sub. Further, Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the mud sound velocity measuring transducer 601 in the probe is shown.
[0080] The logging device and equipment disclosed herein include a Lamb wave transmitting transducer, a Lamb wave receiving transducer, a resonant wave transmitting and receiving transducer, and a mud sound velocity measuring transducer in the probe, which increases the types of wellbore information acquisition. When inverting the media inside and outside the casing, it can obtain continuous mud wave velocity along the wellbore direction, with high detection efficiency and calculation accuracy. It adopts a roller straightening tool with bearings installed at both ends, which can be applied to highly deviated wells and horizontal wells, avoiding the limitation of the construction environment.
[0081] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this disclosure are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this disclosure described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.
[0082] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.
[0083] In the embodiments provided in this disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can also be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of apparatus, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of this disclosure. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than those marked in the drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in a block diagram and / or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or action, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.
[0084] It should be noted that, in this disclosure, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element limited by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.
[0085] While the embodiments disclosed herein are as described above, the foregoing content is merely for the purpose of facilitating understanding of this disclosure and is not intended to limit this disclosure. Any person skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains may make any modifications and changes in form and detail of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure; however, the scope of patent protection of this disclosure shall still be determined by the scope defined in the appended claims.
Claims
1. A logging device using ultrasonic Lamb waves, characterized in that, include: The probe includes a Lamb wave transmitting transducer, a Lamb wave receiving transducer, a resonant wave transmitting and receiving transducer, and a mud sound velocity measuring transducer. The line section includes a transceiver system connected to each transducer in the probe. During logging, the transceiver system transmits excitation signals to the Lamb wave transmitting transducer, the resonant wave transmitting and receiving transducer, and the mud velocity measuring transducer in the probe, so that the corresponding transducers emit corresponding ultrasonic signals. It also collects the echo signals returned by the Lamb wave receiving transducer, the resonant wave transmitting and receiving transducer, and the mud velocity measuring transducer, and performs automatic gain processing on the echo signals.
2. The logging device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A roller straightening tool is installed on the side of the line section away from the probe, and bearings are installed at both ends of the roller straightening tool.
3. The logging device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bearings include spherical roller bearings.
4. The logging device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The transceiver system includes: The pre-amplifier board is connected to each transducer in the probe and is used to send excitation signals to the Lamb wave transmitting transducer, the resonant wave transmitting and receiving transducer and the mud sound velocity measuring transducer so that the corresponding transducers emit corresponding ultrasonic signals and receive the echo signals returned by the Lamb wave receiving transducer, the resonant wave transmitting and receiving transducer and the mud sound velocity measuring transducer. An ADC acquisition unit, connected to the transmitting preamplifier board, is used to acquire echo signals; The control unit, connected to the preamplifier board and the ADC acquisition unit, is used to control the preamplifier board to send excitation signals to the Lamb wave transmitting transducer, the resonant wave transmitting and receiving transducer and the mud sound velocity measuring transducer, so as to receive the echo signal sent by the ADC acquisition unit and calculate the signal gain based on the echo signal sent by the ADC acquisition unit. A programmable gain amplifier, connected to the control unit, is used to automatically adjust the gain of the echo signal according to the signal gain and then feed it back to the control unit.
5. The logging device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The transceiver system further includes: The communication board, connected to the control unit, is used to communicate with the ground acquisition system, store echo signals, and set the time delay of the logging device.
6. The logging device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The time delay includes a fixed time delay and a dynamic time delay; the fixed time delay is set by the ground acquisition system; the dynamic time delay is adjusted in real time by issuing commands from the ground acquisition system.
7. The logging device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The control unit is also used to control the timing of the ultrasonic signal while controlling the preamplifier board to send the excitation signal.
8. The logging device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The probe is a rotating probe, and the circuit section also includes: A motor is connected to a rotary transformer, and the motor is connected to the rotating probe to drive the rotating probe to rotate via the rotary transformer. A motor drive board is connected to the motor and the control unit. The motor control board is connected to the motor drive board and the rotary transformer.
9. The logging device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The control unit calculates the signal gain based on the echo signal sent by the ADC acquisition unit in the following manner: For the echo signal sent by the ADC acquisition unit, a threshold decision is made based on a pre-set first threshold and a second threshold. If the echo signal is higher than the first threshold, the overflow flag count is incremented by 1; If the echo signal is below the second threshold, the underflow flag count is incremented by 1; Within one acquisition cycle, the signal gain level is calculated based on the number of overflow or underflow flag signals, and the signal gain level is sent to the programmable gain amplifier for automatic gain adjustment.
10. A well logging device, characterized in that, The logging apparatus includes any one of claims 2 to 9, wherein the roller straightening tool is sequentially connected to a gamma logging sub, a three-parameter logging instrument, and a rotating sub.