Urinal structure and closestool

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of sanitary ware, and discloses a urinal structure and a closestool, and the urinal structure comprises a trap section. The section, on the vertical plane, of the trap section is provided with a first trap bending line and a second trap bending line. The first water storage bending line and the second water storage bending line are oppositely arranged, the first water storage bending line is located at the front end of the closestool, and the vertical plane is parallel to the front-back direction of the closestool; the included angle between the first water storage bending line and the vertical direction and the included angle between the second water storage bending line and the vertical direction are gradually increased downwards in the vertical direction, and the first water storage bending line meets the steepest curvilinear equation design; the second water storage bending line meets the golden spiral line equation design. According to the urinal structure, water can rapidly flow into the pan surface in the water rising stage, so that the water surface is rapidly raised to obtain potential energy, the sewage inlet obtains larger flow and speed in the water drainage stage, sewage drainage is accelerated, and the use experience of a user is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sanitary ware technology, and in particular to a toilet bowl structure and a toilet. Background Technology

[0002] The design of toilets is quite diverse, ranging from traditional squat toilets to ordinary ceramic toilets, as well as flip toilets that can achieve quiet operation and water conservation.

[0003] Currently, toilets on the market often suffer from slow drainage, high flushing resistance, high flushing surface, and waste swirling around on the surface of pots without being flushed away. This not only wastes water resources but also results in a poor user experience. Therefore, how to quickly raise the water level to increase potential energy during the flushing phase and how to quickly flush away waste during the draining phase to obtain greater energy and speed have become pressing problems that ceramic toilets need to solve.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a toilet structure and toilet bowl to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a toilet structure is provided that allows water to flow rapidly into the pot surface during the rising water stage, thereby raising the water surface more quickly to gain potential energy, and thus allowing the sewage inlet to obtain a greater flow rate and speed during the drainage stage, accelerating the discharge of sewage and improving the user experience.

[0006] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] Toilet bowl structure, including water trap section;

[0008] The water trap section has a first water trap bend and a second water trap bend in the vertical plane. The first water trap bend and the second water trap bend are arranged opposite to each other. The first water trap bend is located at the front end of the toilet. The vertical plane is parallel to the front-back direction of the toilet.

[0009] As the water flows vertically downwards, the angles between the first and second water-storage curves and the vertical direction gradually increase. The first water-storage curve satisfies the steepest curve equation design, and the second water-storage curve satisfies the golden spiral equation design.

[0010] Optionally, the angle between the first water-holding curve and the vertical direction is θ, and the value of θ ranges from 0° to 90°.

[0011] Optionally, the toilet structure further includes a pot-shaped section disposed above the water trap in the direction of gravity. The cross-section of the pot-shaped section in the vertical plane has a first pot-shaped curve and a second pot-shaped curve. The first pot-shaped curve and the first water trap curve are tangentially connected, and the second pot-shaped curve and the second water trap curve are tangentially connected. Both the first pot-shaped curve and the second pot-shaped curve satisfy the golden spiral equation design.

[0012] Optionally, the polar angle of the second pot surface curve is β1, and the value of β1 ranges from 45° to 90°; and / or,

[0013] The polar angle of the second water-storage curve is β2, and the value of β2 ranges from 45° to 90°; and / or,

[0014] The second pot surface curve and the second water storage curve satisfy the same golden spiral equation design.

[0015] Optionally, a first dividing line is provided between the pot surface section and the water trap section, and the horizontal distance between the two endpoints A and B of the first dividing line on the vertical plane is 150mm-230mm.

[0016] Optionally, the endpoint C of the first water-storage curve is located below the endpoint D of the second water-storage curve in the direction of gravity.

[0017] The vertical distance between points C and D is 60mm-75mm.

[0018] Optionally, the toilet structure further includes a wash ring section, which is formed above the pot surface section and extends circumferentially along the pot surface section. The wash ring section is provided with a wash ring outlet for water discharge, and flushing water can be flushed out from the wash ring outlet and flow along the wash ring section to the pot surface section.

[0019] Optionally, a second dividing line is provided between the washing ring section and the pot surface section, wherein the front end of the second dividing line is higher than the rear end of the second dividing line.

[0020] Optionally, the vertical distance between the two endpoints M and N of the second dividing line in the vertical plane is 5mm-15mm.

[0021] According to another aspect of the present invention, a toilet is provided, the toilet comprising a ceramic body and a toilet bowl structure as described in any of the preceding claims, the toilet bowl structure being formed in the ceramic body.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0023] The toilet bowl structure provided by this invention includes a water trap. The water trap has a first water trap curve and a second water trap curve in its cross-section on a vertical plane. The first and second water trap curves are arranged opposite each other, with the first water trap curve located at the front end of the toilet. That is, the water trap of this toilet bowl structure has different curve designs on the front and rear sides of the toilet. Furthermore, along the vertical direction downwards, the angles between the first and second water trap curves and the vertical direction gradually increase. The first water trap curve satisfies the steepest curve equation, and the second water trap curve satisfies the golden spiral equation. This design allows water to be pushed towards the front end of the toilet bowl through the second water trap curve during flooding, causing the water level in the toilet bowl to rise rapidly. By designing the first water trap curve as a steepest curve, the water flow at the water trap can be accelerated, maximizing the instantaneous water volume and speed, ensuring rapid discharge of waste, and thus improving the user experience. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the content of the embodiments of the present invention and these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the toilet structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a top view of the toilet provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the toilet in a vertical plane provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 The toilet provided in this embodiment ( Figure 4 (above) and toilets with straight-line pot surfaces in existing technology ( Figure 4 (Below) Schematic diagram of the water seal rise height during the flood stage;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of the flow rate and duration at the inlet of the toilet provided in this embodiment and the toilet with a straight-line pot surface in the prior art during the flushing and drainage stage (the blue line in the figure represents the toilet provided in this embodiment, and the yellow line represents the toilet with a straight-line pot surface in the prior art).

[0030] In the picture:

[0031] 100. Ceramic body;

[0032] 1. Washing ring section; 11. First washing ring curve; 12. Second washing ring curve; 13. Washing ring outlet;

[0033] 2. Pot surface section; 21. First pot surface curve; 22. Second pot surface curve;

[0034] 3. Water trap section; 31. First water trap bend line; 32. Second water trap bend line;

[0035] 4. The second dividing line;

[0036] 5. First dividing line;

[0037] 6. Sewage inlet. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0040] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0041] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0042] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this invention is in use. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0043] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0044] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0045] In the description of this invention, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, in this invention, the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0046] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a toilet bowl structure and a toilet. The toilet includes a ceramic body 100 and the toilet bowl structure provided in this embodiment, with the toilet bowl structure formed within the ceramic body 100. In this embodiment, the toilet is specifically a flip-top toilet. It should be noted that the flip-top toilet specifically refers to an intelligent toilet designed with a "flip-flush" function, which is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0048] Optionally, the toilet bowl structure and the ceramic body 100 are integrated into one piece to facilitate manufacturing and subsequent cleaning and maintenance.

[0049] For ease of description and understanding, the side of the toilet facing the human body is defined as the front end, and the side away from the human body is defined as the rear end.

[0050] Reference Figures 1-3The toilet structure includes a pot surface section 2 and a water trap section 3 connected from top to bottom in the direction of gravity.

[0051] The toilet bowl section 2 has a first pot surface curve 21 and a second pot surface curve 22 in its cross-section on the vertical plane. The water trap section 3 has a first water trap curve 31 and a second water trap curve 32 in its cross-section on the vertical plane. The first pot surface curve 21 and the first water trap curve 31 transition tangentially and are both located at the front end of the toilet bowl, while the second pot surface curve 22 and the second water trap curve 32 transition tangentially and are both located at the rear end of the toilet bowl. The vertical plane is parallel to the front-back direction of the toilet bowl. In other words, the pot surface section 2 and the water trap section 3 of this toilet bowl structure have different curve designs. Furthermore, along the vertical direction downwards, the angles between the first water trap curve 31 and the second water trap curve 32 and the vertical direction gradually increase. The first water trap curve 31 satisfies the brachistochrone curve equation design, and the first pot surface curve 21, the second pot surface curve 22, and the second water trap curve 32 satisfy the golden spiral equation design. This design allows water on the pot surface section 2 to be quickly directed to the trap section 3. During a rise in water level, the water is pushed towards the front of the toilet bowl via the second pot surface curve 22 and the second trap curve 32, causing the water level to rise rapidly. By designing the first trap curve 31 as the fastest curve, the water flow from the trap is accelerated, maximizing the instantaneous water volume and speed, ensuring rapid waste removal, and thus improving the user experience.

[0052] The brachistochrone, also known as the cycloid or cycloid curve, is a geometric curve that represents the shortest time for an object to slide down a point between two points under the sole influence of gravity without friction. The curve begins nearly vertically with rapid acceleration, and the latter half utilizes high speed to complete the horizontal displacement, resulting in the fastest average velocity. The equations of the brachistochrone are: x = a(θ - sinθ); y = a(1 - cosθ); where a is the radius of the circle, and θ is the radian traversed by the radius.

[0053] In this embodiment, the angle between the first water-retaining bend 31 and the vertical direction is θ, and the value of θ ranges from 0° to 90°. The angle between the curve at the starting point A of the first water-retaining bend 31 and the vertical plane is set as θ1, and the angle between the curve at the ending point C of the first water-retaining bend 31 and the vertical plane is set as θ2. The angle in the first water-retaining bend 31 transitions from 0° in θ1 to 90° in θ2. In this embodiment, θ is preferably 30°-70°, that is, the angle in the first water-retaining bend 31 transitions from 30° in θ1 to 70° in θ2. This angle setting allows for a smoother transition between the first water-retaining bend 31 and the first pot surface curve 21, and ensures that the flow rate and velocity of the water flowing out from the water-retaining bend 3 are both relatively large, thereby contributing to improved cleaning effectiveness.

[0054] The equation of the golden spiral is Where a and k are constants, β is the polar angle, ρ is the polar radius, and e is the base of the natural logarithm. In this embodiment, the second pot surface curve 22 and the second water-retaining bend 32 satisfy the same golden spiral equation design. That is, at the rear end of the toilet, the second pot surface curve 22 and the second water-retaining bend 32 form a golden spiral. This setting can ensure a smooth transition between the second pot surface curve 22 and the second water-retaining bend 32, and can also quickly guide the water on the pot surface section 2 to the water-retaining bend section 3, causing the water level in the toilet to rise faster.

[0055] Specifically, refer to Figure 3 The polar angle of the second pot surface curve 22 is β1, and the value of β1 ranges from 45° to 90°. The polar angle of the second water-storage bend 32 is β2, and the value of β2 ranges from 45° to 90°. In this embodiment, the values ​​of β1 and β2 are both in the range of 60° to 90°. This angle design enables rapid water expansion in the pot surface section 2 and the water-storage bend section 3.

[0056] Meanwhile, the first pot surface curve 21 also satisfies the golden spiral equation, and both the first pot surface curve 21 and the second pot surface curve 22 are curves that bulge towards the center of the pot surface section 2. This arrangement helps to increase the speed at which the water level rises within the pot surface section 2, giving the rinsing water greater potential energy. In this embodiment, the polar angle of the first pot surface curve 21 ranges from 0° to 90°, preferably from 0° to 45°.

[0057] Of course, in other embodiments, the first pot surface curve 21 and the second pot surface curve 22 can be selected as other types of lines. For example, the first pot surface curve 21 can be selected as a straight line, an arc, or a steepest curve, and the second pot surface curve 22 can be selected as a circular arc or an ellipse, etc., to promote the rise of the water surface during the flood stage and accelerate the drainage speed. There are no restrictions here.

[0058] Optionally, a first dividing line 5 exists between the pot-shaped section 2 and the water trap section 3. The plane containing this first dividing line 5 is the water cover of the toilet. It is understood that the height of the water cover is determined during the toilet's design and manufacturing. The water cover is parallel to the horizontal plane, and its projection onto the vertical plane intersects with the front and rear ends of the toilet at points A and B, respectively. The line connecting points A and B is the first dividing line 5 in this embodiment. The horizontal distance between points A and B is the longest distance of the water cover in the front-to-back direction of the toilet, and this horizontal distance is 150mm-230mm. This numerical design ensures that the water cover area is large enough, resulting in better waste collection and drainage. Preferably, in this embodiment, the horizontal distance between points A and B is 180mm-200mm.

[0059] Alternatively, the position of the endpoint D of the second water trap bend 32 can be determined based on the space behind the toilet and the golden spiral equation. The endpoint C of the first water trap bend 31 is located below the endpoint D of the second water trap bend 32 in the direction of gravity. The line connecting endpoint C and endpoint D is the projection of the toilet inlet 6 onto the vertical plane. Furthermore, the vertical distance between endpoint C and endpoint D is 60mm-75mm. This design ensures a relatively large size for the toilet inlet 6, providing sufficient drainage space for the water trap section 3, which helps to improve the flushing force and speed, and enhances sewage discharge performance. Preferably, in this embodiment, the vertical distance between endpoint C and endpoint D is 65mm-75mm.

[0060] Continue to refer to Figures 1-3 The toilet structure also includes a wash ring section 1. The wash ring section 1 is formed above the pot surface section 2 and extends circumferentially along the pot surface section 2. The wash ring section 1 is provided with a wash ring outlet 13 for water discharge. Flushing water can flow from the wash ring outlet 13 and flow along the wash ring section 1 to the pot surface section 2. The wash ring section 1 is connected to a water tank or external water supply equipment to provide flushing water for the toilet structure. After flowing out of the wash ring outlet 13, the flushing water swirls along the wash ring section 1 to the pot surface section 2 and finally falls into the trap section 3.

[0061] Specifically, the wash ring section 1 has a first wash ring curve 11 and a second wash ring curve 12 in its cross-section on a vertical plane. The first wash ring curve 11 satisfies the brachistochrone curve equation, and the angle between the first wash ring curve 11 and the vertical plane ranges from 0° to 60°, preferably from 0° to 30°. This angled design of the first wash ring curve 11 allows the flushing water to be quickly directed into the pot surface section 2 after it is sprayed out at the wash ring outlet 13, facilitating rapid water filling in the pot surface section 2 and the water trap section 3. The second wash ring curve 12 satisfies the golden spiral equation, and the polar angle of the second wash ring curve 12 ranges from 0° to 45°, preferably from 0° to 30°. This angled design of the second wash ring curve 12 effectively prevents flushing water from rushing out of the wash ring section 1 at the rear of the toilet bowl, while also facilitating the flushing water to clean the entire circumference of the wash ring section 1, thus improving the cleaning effect.

[0062] It should be noted that in other embodiments, the first washing ring curve 11 and the second washing ring curve 12 can also be selected as other types of lines, such as straight lines or arcs, to ensure that the rinsing water flows quickly to the pot surface section 2 and prevents the rinsing water from being washed out of the washing ring section 1. There are no restrictions here.

[0063] More specifically, such as Figure 3As shown, there is a second dividing line 4 between the wash ring section 1 and the bowl section 2, with the front end of the second dividing line 4 being higher than the rear end. This design, with the second dividing line 4 higher at the front and lower at the rear, solves the problem that the flushing water sprayed from the wash ring outlet 13 is mainly concentrated at the front of the toilet bowl in terms of both volume and speed, resulting in less flushing water flowing to the rear and weakening the cleaning power. Simultaneously, the higher-than-low design allows more flushing water to flow to the rear, while also providing a certain speed, resulting in greater cleaning power at the rear of the bowl section 2 and a more rational distribution of flushing water throughout the entire bowl section 2.

[0064] Optionally, the vertical distance between the two endpoints M and N of the second dividing line 4 in the vertical plane is 5mm-15mm. In this embodiment, the vertical distance between endpoints M and N is preferably 10mm. This numerical design helps to prevent the flushing water flowing from the washbasin outlet 13 from flowing into the bowl section 2 before reaching endpoint M due to excessive inclination of the second dividing line 4, thus preventing the toilet from discharging wastewater normally.

[0065] It should be noted that the transition line from point M to point N can be a straight line, a downward-concave curve, or an upward-convex curve. In this embodiment, the fastest-flowing downward-concave curve is used. This setting ensures that the rinsing water flows at the fastest speed from point M to point N, thereby improving the rinsing effect.

[0066] Figure 4 The toilet provided in this embodiment is shown. Figure 4 (above) and toilets with straight-line pot surfaces in existing technology ( Figure 4 (Below) Schematic diagrams showing the water seal rise height during the flood season. (Refer to...) Figure 4 The red baseline indicates that during the rising water phase, when the lowest point of the water surface of the toilet provided in this embodiment rises to the height of the baseline, the lowest point of the water surface of the toilet with a straight-sided surface in the prior art is still below the baseline. In other words, the water surface of the toilet provided in this embodiment rises to a greater height during the rising water phase. This allows for the accumulation of more potential energy during the rising water phase, thereby ensuring a greater flow rate and volume during flushing and improving the flushing effect.

[0067] Figure 5 A comparison chart is shown of the flow rate and duration at the inlet during the flushing stage of the toilet provided in this embodiment and the toilet with a straight-line surface in the prior art (the blue line represents the toilet provided in this embodiment, and the yellow line represents the toilet with a straight-line surface in the prior art). The relevant data for the toilet with a straight-line surface in the prior art and the toilet provided in this embodiment are recorded as follows:

[0068]

[0069] Depend on Figure 5 As can be seen from the table above, the toilet provided in this embodiment has a larger flow rate and speed of flushing water at the sewage inlet during the flushing stage, and the duration is longer, thus making it more effective at flushing away sewage.

[0070] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A toilet bowl structure, characterized in that, Including the water trap section (3); The water trap section (3) has a first water trap bend line (31) and a second water trap bend line (32) in the vertical plane. The first water trap bend line (31) and the second water trap bend line (32) are arranged opposite to each other. The first water trap bend line (31) is located at the front end of the toilet. The vertical plane is parallel to the front and back direction of the toilet. As the water flows downward in the vertical direction, the angles between the first water-holding curve (31) and the second water-holding curve (32) and the vertical direction gradually increase. The first water-holding curve (31) satisfies the design of the steepest curve equation, and the second water-holding curve (32) satisfies the design of the golden spiral equation.

2. The toilet structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the first water-storage curved line (31) and the vertical direction is θ, and the value of θ ranges from 0° to 90°.

3. The toilet structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The toilet structure also includes a pot-shaped section (2) disposed above the water trap section (3) in the direction of gravity. The pot-shaped section (2) has a first pot-shaped curve (21) and a second pot-shaped curve (22) in the cross section on the vertical plane. The first pot-shaped curve (21) and the first water trap curve (31) are tangentially connected, and the second pot-shaped curve (22) and the second water trap curve (32) are tangentially connected. Both the first pot-shaped curve (21) and the second pot-shaped curve (22) satisfy the golden spiral equation design.

4. The toilet structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The polar angle of the second pot surface curve (22) is β1, and the value of β1 ranges from 45° to 90°; and / or, The polar angle of the second water-storage curve (32) is β2, and the value of β2 ranges from 45° to 90°; and / or, The second pot surface curve (22) and the second water storage curve (32) satisfy the same golden spiral equation design.

5. The toilet structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, There is a first dividing line (5) between the pot surface section (2) and the water trap section (3), and the horizontal distance between the two endpoints A and B of the first dividing line (5) on the vertical plane is 150mm-230mm.

6. The toilet structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The toilet structure also includes a washing ring section (1), which is formed above the pot surface section (2) and extends circumferentially along the pot surface section (2). The washing ring section (1) is provided with a washing ring water outlet (13) for water discharge. The flushing water can be flushed out from the washing ring water outlet (13) and flow along the washing ring section (1) to the pot surface section (2).

7. The toilet structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, There is a second dividing line (4) between the washing section (1) and the pot surface section (2), and the front end of the second dividing line (4) is higher than the rear end of the second dividing line (4).

8. The toilet bowl structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The vertical distance between the two endpoints M and N of the second dividing line (4) on the vertical plane is 5mm-15mm.

9. The toilet structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The endpoint C of the first water-storage curve (31) is located below the endpoint D of the second water-storage curve (32) in the direction of gravity. The vertical distance between endpoints C and D is 60mm-75mm.

10. A toilet, characterized in that, It includes a ceramic body (100) and a toilet bowl structure as described in any one of claims 1-9, the toilet bowl structure being formed in the ceramic body (100).

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