Bridge health monitoring device and monitoring system thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the field of bridge structure health monitoring, in particular to a bridge health monitoring device and a monitoring system thereof, which comprises a device main body, a data acquisition module and a power supply unit, a modular adaptive adjusting mechanism, an environment adaptive protection mechanism and an automatic calibration linkage assembly are installed in the device main body; the modular adaptive adjusting mechanism comprises a deformable rhombic frame base, an electromagnetic hinge group and a gear transmission sliding rail; the environment adaptive protection mechanism comprises a double-layer protective shell, a louvered heat dissipation window and a worm and gear driving assembly; the automatic calibration linkage assembly comprises a calibration sensor assembly, a power part and a transmission screw rod. The application can realize full-dimension, automatic and high-stability health monitoring of key parts of different types of bridges.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge structural health monitoring, and specifically to a bridge health monitoring device and its monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of transportation infrastructure construction, bridges, as key transportation hubs, require long-term health monitoring to ensure traffic safety. Currently, there are still many unresolved issues in the technical solutions for bridge health monitoring:

[0003] Poor structural adaptability and insufficient versatility: Traditional bridge health monitoring equipment is mostly a fixed structure designed for a single bridge structure (such as beam bridges and arch bridges). The fit between the sensor mounting base and the bridge surface relies on manual grinding or customized shims. If applied to bridges with different cross-sectional shapes (such as the tapered cross-section of the cable-stayed bridge towers and the arc-shaped cross-section of the arch ring of an arch bridge), loose fit is likely to occur, leading to sensor monitoring angle deviation (often reaching 5°-10°) and decreased data acquisition accuracy (error exceeding 5%). At the same time, the sensor positions of traditional equipment are fixed and cannot be flexibly adjusted according to monitoring needs. A single device can only cover 1-2 monitoring dimensions, requiring multiple devices to be installed in different parts of the bridge, increasing equipment costs and construction complexity.

[0004] Low level of automation and reliance on manual intervention: The equipment calibration of traditional monitoring systems requires manual personnel to periodically climb bridges, carrying independent instruments such as laser interferometers and standard resistance boxes to complete displacement and strain calibrations. A single calibration takes 4-6 hours and poses safety risks associated with working at height. Data acquisition parameters (such as sampling frequency) are mostly fixed settings and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time working conditions of the bridge (such as increased vehicle load during peak traffic hours and increased vibration during strong winds). This results in insufficient data sampling during peak hours (making it easy to miss instantaneous strain peaks) and wasted energy during off-peak hours (due to excessively high sampling frequency), making it difficult to achieve accurate monitoring at all times.

[0005] Poor environmental adaptability and poor equipment stability: Traditional monitoring equipment typically uses a single sealed casing, providing only basic dust and water protection without the ability to actively regulate the environment. In high-temperature environments (such as bridge deck temperatures reaching 60°C in summer), internal components are prone to malfunction due to poor heat dissipation (over 144 hours of downtime per year); in high-humidity environments (such as relative humidity exceeding 90% during the rainy season in southern China), the casing is susceptible to moisture absorption, leading to short circuits; in extremely cold environments (such as winter temperatures as low as -30°C in northern China), sensor components malfunction due to low-temperature drift, resulting in only about 80% continuity of monitoring data, severely impacting the accurate assessment of bridge health status. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a bridge health monitoring device and system for achieving comprehensive, automated, and highly stable health monitoring of key components (main beams, piers, towers, and supports) of different types of bridges (beam bridges, arch bridges, cable-stayed bridges, and suspension bridges, etc.). Through mechanical structural linkage and system-level collaboration, it overcomes the technical bottlenecks of poor structural adaptability, low automation, and weak environmental adaptability of traditional equipment, reduces equipment operation and maintenance costs, and improves the accuracy, continuity, and timeliness of bridge health monitoring data, providing reliable data support for bridge safety assessment and maintenance decisions.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A bridge health monitoring device includes a main body for supporting various functional modules and providing an installation foundation, a data acquisition module for collecting bridge displacement, strain and vibration data, and a power supply unit for providing power to various electrical components. The main body of the device is equipped with a modular adaptive adjustment mechanism, an environmental adaptive protection mechanism and an automatic calibration linkage component.

[0008] The modular adaptive adjustment mechanism includes a deformable rhomboid frame base, an electromagnetic hinge assembly, and a gear-driven slide rail. The electromagnetic hinge assembly is used to connect adjacent rhomboid frame bases, and the gear-driven slide rail is fixedly connected to the outside of the rhomboid frame base. The data acquisition module slides along the gear-driven slide rail through a slider, and the monitoring position can be adjusted along the gear-driven slide rail.

[0009] The environmental adaptive protection mechanism includes a double-layer protective shell, louvered heat dissipation windows, and a worm gear drive assembly. The double-layer protective shell is wrapped around the outside of the main body of the equipment. The bottom of the double-layer protective shell is rotatably engaged with the diamond-shaped frame base. The louvered heat dissipation windows are used for switching between heat dissipation and sealing of the main body of the equipment. The louvered heat dissipation windows are embedded in the side wall of the double-layer protective shell. The worm gear drive assembly is connected to the blade shaft end of the louvered heat dissipation windows to drive the blades of the louvered heat dissipation windows to open and close.

[0010] The automatic calibration linkage component includes a calibration sensor assembly, a power component, and a transmission screw. The calibration sensor assembly is used to provide a standard calibration signal and is fixed to the edge of the rhomboid frame base. The output shaft of the power component is coaxially connected to one end of the transmission screw, and the other end of the transmission screw is threadedly connected to the slider of the data acquisition module, which is used to drive the slider to move the data acquisition module for calibration.

[0011] Furthermore, the rhomboid frame base includes several metal frame units, pressure sensing plates, and elastic buffer sleeves; both ends of the metal frame units are provided with connecting lugs, and the hinge shafts of the electromagnetic hinge assembly pass through the connecting lugs to enable rotational connection between adjacent frame units; the pressure sensing plates are used to detect the contact pressure between the data acquisition module and the bridge surface, and the pressure sensing plates are fixedly connected to the inner side of the metal frame units, with the pressure sensing plate signal connected to a controller; the elastic buffer sleeves are used to absorb the impact of bridge vibration on the frame base and are sleeved on the outer side of the electromagnetic hinge assembly, with both ends of the elastic buffer sleeves fixedly connected to the connecting lugs of adjacent metal frame units respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, the data acquisition module includes a displacement sensor, a strain sensor, an acceleration sensor, and a universal joint mounting base. The displacement sensor, strain sensor, and acceleration sensor are all fixedly connected to the slider through the universal joint mounting base, which is connected to the controller via a signal connection. The controller drives the universal joint mounting base to adjust the monitoring angle of the data acquisition module based on the contact pressure signal detected by the pressure sensor, so that the data acquisition module is perpendicular to the bridge monitoring surface.

[0013] Furthermore, the calibration sensor assembly includes a standard displacement calibration block, a standard strain calibration plate, and a signal processing unit. The surface of the standard displacement calibration block is provided with scale lines. The standard displacement calibration block is fixedly connected to the edge of the rhomboid frame base. The standard strain calibration plate is fixedly connected to the side of the standard displacement calibration block. The standard displacement calibration block and the standard strain calibration plate are connected to the controller signal through the signal processing unit.

[0014] When the automatic calibration linkage component is activated, the power component drives the data acquisition module to move to the standard displacement calibration block. The displacement sensor collects the scale line signal to complete the displacement calibration, and the strain sensor attaches to the standard strain calibration piece to complete the strain calibration. The calibration data is fed back to the controller through the signal processing unit.

[0015] Furthermore, the double-layer protective shell of the environmental adaptive protection mechanism is equipped with a dehumidifying fan and a temperature compensation heating element, both of which are connected to the controller via signals. A humidity sensor and a temperature sensor are also installed within the interlayer of the double-layer protective shell, used to collect real-time environmental parameters inside the shell. When the humidity sensor detects that the relative humidity exceeds a preset humidity threshold in the controller, the controller activates the dehumidifying fan and simultaneously controls the worm gear drive assembly to close the louvered ventilation windows. When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature is below a preset temperature threshold in the controller, the controller activates the temperature compensation heating element.

[0016] Furthermore, the power supply unit includes a piezoelectric power generation component, an energy storage lithium battery pack, and a power management module; a vibration transmission plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rhomboid frame base, the piezoelectric power generation component is fixedly connected to the vibration transmission plate, and the vibration transmission plate is tightly attached to the bridge surface;

[0017] When the bridge is displaced due to vehicle traffic or environmental vibration, the piezoelectric power generation component is forced to vibrate and generate electrical energy. After rectification and voltage stabilization by the power management module, the energy is stored in the energy storage lithium battery pack. The power management module can monitor the power of the energy storage lithium battery pack in real time. When the power is lower than the power threshold, it automatically adjusts the operating power of the electromagnetic hinge group, power components and data acquisition module.

[0018] Furthermore, a foldable auxiliary support mechanism is provided on the outside of the rhomboid frame base. The auxiliary support mechanism includes an electric telescopic strut and a vacuum suction cup. One end of the electric telescopic strut is hinged to the rhomboid frame base, and the other end of the electric telescopic strut is fixedly connected to the vacuum suction cup. The electric telescopic strut is connected to the controller signal. When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure fluctuation between the data acquisition module and the bridge surface exceeds the threshold, the controller drives the electric telescopic strut to make the vacuum suction cup adhere to the bridge surface.

[0019] A bridge health monitoring system, comprising the bridge health monitoring equipment according to any one of the above, including a distributed collaborative acquisition unit for synchronous data acquisition of multiple parts of the bridge, a dual-mode data transmission unit for ensuring stable long-distance data transmission, an edge collaborative control unit for real-time analysis of monitoring data and linkage control of the equipment, and a cloud-based operation and maintenance unit for remote management and early warning.

[0020] The distributed collaborative acquisition unit consists of several bridge health monitoring devices, which are equipped with synchronized acquisition time for bridge health monitoring devices and cover key monitoring parts of the bridge main beam, piers, cable towers and supports;

[0021] The dual-mode data transmission unit integrates a 5G communication module and a LoRa relay module. When the 5G signal strength in the area where the bridge is located is greater than the preset signal strength threshold, it uses 5G mode to transmit data. When the signal strength is less than the preset signal strength threshold, it automatically switches to LoRa mode.

[0022] The edge collaborative control unit is deployed in a local control cabinet near the bridge. The edge collaborative control unit has a built-in bridge structural mechanics model and equipment linkage control algorithm. It is used to receive the collected data and status information of each bridge health monitoring device and send parameter adjustment instructions to the bridge health monitoring device.

[0023] The cloud-based operations and maintenance unit includes a visual monitoring interface, a historical data repository, and a fault early warning model. This allows administrators to remotely view data, configure equipment parameters, and receive fault early warning information. Benefits include:

[0024] Furthermore, the edge collaborative control unit also includes an adaptive adjustment module for operating conditions and a multi-device mechanical linkage module; the adaptive adjustment module for operating conditions is used to dynamically adjust the mechanical motion parameters of the bridge health monitoring equipment according to the real-time operating conditions of the bridge; the multi-device mechanical linkage module is used to realize the motion coordination between different bridge health monitoring equipment.

[0025] Furthermore, the cloud-based operation and maintenance unit includes a structural adaptation parameter configuration module. This module contains a library of standard structural parameters for several mainstream bridges. Administrators can remotely issue parameter commands based on the type and specific location of the bridge being monitored. The controller of the bridge health monitoring equipment then automatically adjusts the mechanical structural parameters upon receiving the commands.

[0026] The above approach has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. This solution achieves precise adaptation of both monitoring angle and position through the linkage of a modular adaptive adjustment mechanism and a universal joint mounting base. Compared with the traditional technology where "the sensor angle is fixed, data can only be monitored in a single direction, and manual disassembly and reassembly are required to change the monitoring angle", the controller can automatically adjust the universal joint angle according to the pressure sensor signal (adjustment accuracy ±0.5°) to ensure that the sensor is always perpendicular to the bridge monitoring surface. At the same time, the gear transmission slide rail supports the sensor to move along the base (movement accuracy ±1mm). The monitoring dimensions are expanded from the traditional 1-2 to 3-5, and the data acquisition integrity is improved by more than 60%.

[0028] 2. This solution achieves synchronous automated calibration of displacement and strain through the integrated design of automatic calibration linkage components and standard calibration blocks. Compared with the traditional technology where "displacement and strain need to be calibrated separately, the calibration equipment is independent and the operation is complicated, and multiple instruments need to be carried for a single calibration", this solution integrates the standard displacement calibration block and strain calibration plate into the rhomboid frame base. The motor drives the sensor to move once to complete two calibrations. The calibration process is simplified from the traditional 3 steps to 1 step, the calibration efficiency is improved by 200%, and no additional calibration instruments are needed, reducing the complexity of on-site operation.

[0029] Traditional techniques require the use of laser interferometers for displacement calibration and standard resistance boxes for strain calibration. However, this solution integrates calibration components to achieve "dual calibration with one machine," allowing a single person to remotely initiate the calibration process.

[0030] 3. This solution achieves full-environment adaptive protection of equipment through multi-component linkage control of the environmental adaptive protection mechanism. Compared with the traditional technology where "the protective shell can only passively prevent dust and water, relies on natural heat dissipation at high temperatures, and has no heating measures at low temperatures, making the equipment prone to shutdown in extreme environments", the double-layer protective shell (outer layer corrosion-resistant alloy + inner layer heat insulation layer) combined with the dynamic adjustment of louvers, dehumidifying fans, and heating elements can operate stably in a temperature range of -30℃ to 60℃ and a humidity range of 0% to 100%. In extreme environments, the equipment downtime is reduced from the traditional 12 hours per month to less than 2 hours per year, and the monitoring continuity is improved by 98%.

[0031] 4. This solution achieves efficient recovery of bridge vibration energy through the coupling design of piezoelectric power generation components and vibration transmission plates. Compared with the traditional technology where "piezoelectric power generation components are directly attached to the bridge, resulting in low vibration energy transmission efficiency (only 30%-40%) and insufficient power generation to support equipment operation", the vibration transmission plate (made of stainless steel, 3mm thick) can concentrate the bridge vibration energy to the piezoelectric components, increasing the energy transmission efficiency to 75%-85%. The average daily power generation is increased from the traditional 30Wh to more than 80Wh, fully meeting the equipment's daily power consumption requirement of 50Wh, without relying on an external backup power source.

[0032] In traditional technologies, piezoelectric components require solar panels for auxiliary power supply due to insufficient energy conduction. However, this solution optimizes power generation through a vibration conduction plate, enabling stable power generation even at the bottom of a bridge where there is no sunlight.

[0033] 5. This solution achieves dynamic optimization of equipment operating parameters through the adaptive adjustment module of the edge collaborative control unit. Compared with the traditional technology where "equipment operating parameters are fixed and the same mode is maintained regardless of traffic flow and wind speed changes, resulting in insufficient data sampling during peak hours and energy waste during off-peak hours", the module can automatically adjust the sampling frequency, calibration interval and protection status according to traffic flow (≥100 vehicles / hour to start high-frequency sampling) and wind speed (≥15m / s to start strong wind protection). The data sampling frequency during peak hours is increased from 100Hz to 500Hz, the data capture rate is increased by 400%, and the energy consumption during off-peak hours is reduced by 30%, achieving "on-demand operation".

[0034] Traditional equipment may miss the instantaneous strain peak caused by vehicle load during peak traffic hours due to insufficient sampling frequency. This solution can capture such key data completely through adaptive adjustment of operating conditions.

[0035] 6. This solution enables remote and rapid adaptation to different bridge types through the structural adaptation parameter configuration module of the cloud-based operation and maintenance unit. Compared with the traditional technology where "changing the monitored bridge type requires on-site re-adjustment of equipment parameters, and the debugging personnel need to have professional structural knowledge, with a debugging cycle of up to 3-5 days," the management personnel only need to select the bridge type (such as arch bridge or cable-stayed bridge) and monitoring location in the cloud. The system automatically issues parameter instructions, and the equipment controller can complete the adjustment of mechanical structural parameters within 10 minutes. The debugging cycle is shortened by 98%, and no professional personnel are required to operate on-site, thus lowering the operation and maintenance threshold.

[0036] In traditional technology, debugging the monitoring equipment for cable-stayed bridge towers requires structural engineers to calculate the deformation angle of the frame on-site. This solution, with its built-in parameter library, allows even novice managers to complete remote adaptation.

[0037] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of an embodiment of the bridge health monitoring equipment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a bottom view of an embodiment of the bridge health monitoring device of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a framework diagram of an embodiment of the bridge health monitoring device of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of an embodiment of the bridge health monitoring system of the present invention.

[0042] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: 1. Rhomboid frame base; 2. Double-layer protective shell; 3. Louvered ventilation window; 4. Electric telescopic support rod; 5. Vacuum suction cup. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0045] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0046] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0047] Example 1:

[0048] As attached Figures 1 to 3 As shown: A bridge health monitoring device includes a main body for supporting various functional modules and providing an installation foundation, a data acquisition module for collecting bridge displacement, strain and vibration data, and a power supply unit for providing power to various electrical components. The main body of the device is equipped with a modular adaptive adjustment mechanism, an environmental adaptive protection mechanism and an automatic calibration linkage component.

[0049] The modular adaptive adjustment mechanism includes a deformable rhomboid frame base 1, an electromagnetic hinge assembly, and a gear-driven slide rail. The electromagnetic hinge assembly connects adjacent rhomboid frame bases 1. The gear-driven slide rail is fixedly connected to the outside of the rhomboid frame base 1. The data acquisition module slides along the gear-driven slide rail via a slider, allowing adjustment of the monitoring position. The rhomboid frame base 1 includes several metal frame units, pressure sensing plates, and elastic buffer sleeves. Each metal frame unit has connecting lugs at both ends. The hinge shaft of the electromagnetic hinge assembly passes through the connecting lugs to connect adjacent frame units. The pressure sensing plates detect the contact pressure between the data acquisition module and the bridge surface. The pressure sensing plates are fixedly connected to the inside of the metal frame units, and the pressure sensing plate signal is connected to a controller. The elastic buffer sleeve absorbs the impact of bridge vibration on the frame base and is fitted onto the outside of the electromagnetic hinge assembly. Both ends of the elastic buffer sleeve are fixedly connected to the connecting lugs of adjacent metal frame units.

[0050] The environmental adaptive protection mechanism includes a double-layer protective shell 2, louvered heat dissipation windows 3, and a worm gear drive assembly. The double-layer protective shell 2 is wrapped around the outside of the main body of the equipment. The bottom of the double-layer protective shell 2 is rotatably engaged with the rhomboid frame base 1. The louvered heat dissipation windows 3 are used for switching between heat dissipation and sealing of the main body of the equipment. The louvered heat dissipation windows 3 are embedded in the side wall of the double-layer protective shell 2. The worm gear drive assembly is connected to the blade shaft end of the louvered heat dissipation windows 3, driving the blades of the louvered heat dissipation windows 3 to open and close. The double-layer protective shell 2 of the environmental adaptive protection mechanism is equipped with a dehumidifying fan and a temperature compensation heating element. Both the dehumidifying fan and the temperature compensation heating element are connected to the controller signal. A humidity sensor and a temperature sensor are also installed in the interlayer of the double-layer protective shell 2. The humidity sensor and the temperature sensor are used to collect the internal environmental parameters of the double-layer protective shell 2 in real time. When the humidity sensor detects that the relative humidity exceeds the preset humidity threshold in the controller, the controller starts the dehumidifying fan and simultaneously controls the worm gear drive assembly to close the louvered heat dissipation windows 3. When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature is lower than the preset temperature threshold in the controller, the controller starts the temperature compensation heating element.

[0051] The automatic calibration linkage assembly includes a calibration sensor assembly, a power component, and a transmission screw. In this embodiment, the power component is a motor. The calibration sensor assembly provides a standard calibration signal. The automatic calibration linkage assembly is fixed to the edge of the rhomboid frame base 1. The output shaft of the power component is coaxially connected to one end of the transmission screw, and the other end of the transmission screw is threadedly connected to the slider of the data acquisition module, used to drive the slider to move the data acquisition module for calibration. The calibration sensor assembly includes a standard displacement calibration block, a standard strain calibration plate, and a signal processing unit. The surface of the standard displacement calibration block has scale lines. The standard displacement calibration block is fixedly connected to the edge of the rhomboid frame base 1, and the standard strain calibration plate is fixedly connected to the side of the standard displacement calibration block. The standard displacement calibration block and the standard strain calibration plate are signal-connected to the controller through the signal processing unit. When the automatic calibration linkage assembly is activated, the power component drives the data acquisition module to move to the standard displacement calibration block. The displacement sensor collects the scale line signal to complete the displacement calibration, and the strain sensor conforms to the standard strain calibration plate to complete the strain calibration. The calibration data is fed back to the controller through the signal processing unit.

[0052] The data acquisition module includes a displacement sensor, a strain sensor, an acceleration sensor, and a universal joint mounting base. The displacement sensor, strain sensor, and acceleration sensor are all fixedly connected to the slider through the universal joint mounting base, which is connected to the controller for signal transmission. The controller drives the universal joint mounting base to adjust the monitoring angle of the data acquisition module based on the contact pressure signal detected by the pressure sensor, so that the data acquisition module is perpendicular to the bridge monitoring surface.

[0053] The power supply unit includes a piezoelectric power generation component, an energy storage lithium battery pack, and a power management module. A vibration transmission plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rhomboid frame base 1, and the piezoelectric power generation component is fixedly connected to the vibration transmission plate. The vibration transmission plate is in close contact with the bridge surface. When the bridge is displaced due to vehicle traffic or environmental vibration, the piezoelectric power generation component is forced to vibrate and generate electrical energy. After rectification and voltage stabilization by the power management module, the electrical energy is stored in the energy storage lithium battery pack. The power management module can monitor the power of the energy storage lithium battery pack in real time. When the power is lower than the power threshold, it automatically adjusts the operating power of the electromagnetic hinge group, power components, and data acquisition module.

[0054] The outer side of the rhomboid frame base 1 is also provided with a foldable auxiliary support mechanism, which includes an electric telescopic support rod 4 and a vacuum suction cup 5. One end of the electric telescopic support rod 4 is hinged to the rhomboid frame base 1, and the other end of the electric telescopic support rod 4 is fixedly connected to the vacuum suction cup 5. The electric telescopic support rod 4 is connected to the controller signal. When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure fluctuation between the data acquisition module and the bridge surface exceeds the threshold, the controller drives the electric telescopic support rod 4 to make the vacuum suction cup 5 adhere to the bridge surface.

[0055] The specific implementation process is as follows: This embodiment takes the monitoring of the bottom of the main beam of a long-span concrete beam bridge as an example.

[0056] I. Initial Positioning and Base Fitting

[0057] Construction workers moved the main body of the equipment to the pre-set monitoring point at the bottom of the bridge's main beam, first making the vibration transmission plate of the rhomboid frame base 1 initially fit against the bottom surface of the main beam. At this time, the pressure sensing plate (model: FSR402) inside the metal frame unit detects the fitting pressure in real time and transmits the pressure signal (initial pressure about 3N, lower than the preset threshold of 8-12N) to the controller.

[0058] After receiving the signal, the controller drives the hinge axis of the electromagnetic hinge group to rotate, adjusting the included angle between adjacent metal frame units (gradually increasing from the initial 90° to 120°). During this process, the elastic buffer sleeve (made of polyurethane, with a hardness of 60 Shore A) deforms synchronously, absorbing the mechanical stress during frame adjustment and preventing the metal frame units from deforming due to rigid adjustment.

[0059] Meanwhile, the controller uses the feedback signal from the pressure sensor to finely adjust the rotation angle of the electromagnetic hinge assembly in real time until the bonding pressure stabilizes at 10N (within the preset pressure range for concrete bridges), thus completing the adaptive bonding between the rhomboid frame base 1 and the bottom surface of the main beam.

[0060] II. Auxiliary support fixation and sensor angle calibration

[0061] Once the pressure sensor detects that the bonding pressure has stabilized, the controller drives the electric telescopic support rod 4 of the auxiliary support mechanism to extend, causing the vacuum suction cup 5 at its end to contact the bottom surface of the main beam. The vacuum suction cup 5 creates negative pressure, achieving secondary fixation of the equipment. Together with the rhomboid frame base 1, it forms a "bonding-adsorption" dual fixation structure, preventing equipment displacement due to bridge vibration.

[0062] Subsequently, based on the pressure distribution data of the pressure sensor, the controller drives the universal joint mounting base to rotate, adjusting the monitoring angles of the displacement sensor (model: LK-G80), strain sensor (model: BF120-3AA), and acceleration sensor (model: ADXL345) to ensure that each sensor probe is perpendicular to the main beam monitoring surface (perpendicularity deviation ≤1°), thus ensuring the accuracy of data acquisition.

[0063] III. Real-time Data Acquisition and Transmission

[0064] After the main body of the equipment enters the normal monitoring state, the data acquisition module collects the displacement, strain and vibration data of the main beam at the preset frequency in the controller (100Hz during normal periods and 500Hz during peak periods).

[0065] The vibration transmission plate (made of stainless steel, 3mm thick) of the power supply unit transmits the bridge vibration to the piezoelectric power generation component (model: PZT-5H, size 20×20×0.5mm). The piezoelectric component generates alternating current due to forced vibration. After rectification and voltage regulation by the power management module (integrated rectifier bridge and voltage regulator chip LM1117-3.3), the current is converted into 3.3V DC and stored in the energy storage lithium battery pack (capacity 10000mAh, charge-discharge cycle count ≥1000 times) to power various electrical components.

[0066] IV. Environmental Adaptive Protection and Adjustment

[0067] The temperature sensor (model: DS18B20, accuracy ±0.5℃) and humidity sensor (model: SHT31, accuracy ±2%RH) inside the double-layered protective housing collect internal environmental parameters in real time.

[0068] When the temperature sensor detects that the internal temperature of the casing rises to 45℃ at midday in summer (exceeding the preset threshold of 40℃), the controller drives the worm gear drive assembly to rotate, causing the blades of the louvered heat dissipation window 3 to unfold (opening degree 60°), realizing air convection heat dissipation between the inside of the equipment and the outside. At the same time, the power management module monitors that due to increased traffic flow (peak traffic ≥100 vehicles / hour), the output power of the piezoelectric power generation component increases to 12W, which can meet the energy consumption requirements of the heat dissipation window drive motor (power consumption 3W) and the high-frequency operation (power consumption 8W) of the data acquisition module, without relying on an external power source.

[0069] When the humidity sensor detects that the internal relative humidity has risen to 85% (exceeding the preset threshold of 80%) during the rainy season, the controller immediately starts the dehumidifying fan (airflow 50m³ / h, power consumption 5W) and simultaneously drives the worm gear assembly to rotate in the opposite direction, closing the louvered heat dissipation window 3 to prevent external moisture from entering the equipment. If the output power of the piezoelectric generator drops to 6W due to reduced traffic flow, the power management module automatically reduces the operating power of the electromagnetic hinge assembly (current reduced from 1A to 0.2A) and the auxiliary support mechanism (current reduced from 1A to 0.1A) to prioritize the normal operation of the dehumidifying fan and sensor.

[0070] When the temperature sensor detects that the internal temperature has dropped to -5℃ (below the preset threshold of 0℃) in winter, the controller activates the temperature compensation heating element (10W power, heating temperature range 0-50℃), which, through the inner heat insulation layer of the double-layer protective shell 2 (silicone rubber material, thermal conductivity 0.1W / (m²), heats the internal temperature. K) Maintain the internal temperature of the equipment above 5°C to prevent electronic components from failing due to low temperature.

[0071] V. Regular automatic calibration

[0072] The controller is preset to start an automatic calibration program at 2:00 AM daily (during off-peak traffic hours).

[0073] The controller drives the power component (motor, model: 28BYJ-48, step angle 5.625° / 64) of the automatic calibration linkage component to rotate. The motor output shaft drives the transmission screw (lead 2mm) to rotate, pushing the slider of the data acquisition module to move along the gear transmission slide rail (speed 5mm / s).

[0074] When the displacement sensor moves to the standard displacement calibration block (aluminum alloy material, scale accuracy 0.01mm), the displacement sensor collects the scale line signal on the surface of the calibration block and compares it with the preset standard displacement value (e.g., 5mm) to complete the displacement calibration; at the same time, the strain sensor is attached to the standard strain calibration plate (resistance 120±0.1Ω, sensitivity 2.0±0.1%) and collects the standard strain signal (e.g., 100με) to complete the strain calibration.

[0075] The calibration data is amplified and filtered by the signal processing unit (integrated amplifier AD8221) and then fed back to the controller. The controller automatically corrects the sensor's acquisition deviation (correction accuracy ±0.1%). After calibration, the motor rotates in the reverse direction, driving the slider to return to the monitoring position. The universal joint mounting bracket simultaneously fine-tunes the sensor angle, restoring it to a vertical monitoring state.

[0076] VI. Collaborative Response to Abnormal Operating Conditions

[0077] When the edge collaborative control unit detects an abnormal bridge vibration frequency (such as exceeding the natural frequency by 1.2 times) through acceleration sensor data, it immediately issues a command to the equipment controller: the controller drives the electromagnetic hinge group to further adjust the included angle of the rhomboid frame base 1 (increase by 5°) to enhance the fit between the base and the bridge; at the same time, it extends the extension length of the electric telescopic support rod 4 of the auxiliary support mechanism (increase by 10mm) and increases the adsorption force of the vacuum suction cup 5 to 1.2MPa to reduce the impact of vibration on the equipment; the sampling frequency of the data acquisition module is simultaneously increased to 500Hz to capture more detailed vibration data.

[0078] When the power management module detects that the energy storage lithium battery pack's power level is below 20% (power threshold), it automatically adjusts the operating power of each component: the electromagnetic hinge group and auxiliary support mechanism enter a low-power mode (current drops to 0.1A); the sampling frequency of the data acquisition module drops to 50Hz; the automatic calibration cycle is extended to 48 hours, prioritizing the power supply to the core sensors and environmental protection components, until the piezoelectric power generation components replenish the power and restore the battery level to above 50%.

[0079] VII. Equipment Disassembly and Maintenance Phase

[0080] When equipment maintenance or replacement is required, construction personnel issue dismantling commands through the cloud-based operation and maintenance unit:

[0081] The controller drives the vacuum suction cup 5 of the auxiliary support mechanism to release pressure, and the electric telescopic support rod 4 retracts and resets;

[0082] When the electromagnetic hinge group rotates in the opposite direction, the included angle of the metal frame unit of the rhomboid frame base 1 returns to the initial 90°, and the elastic buffer sleeve releases the deformation stress.

[0083] Construction workers only need to remove the fixing bolts between the vibration transmission plate and the bridge surface to remove the entire equipment. The entire disassembly process does not damage the bridge structure, and the linkage action of each mechanical component avoids structural damage during disassembly, improving the equipment's reusability (reusable ≥50 times).

[0084] Example 2:

[0085] As attached Figure 4 As shown, the difference from Embodiment 1 is that a bridge health monitoring system, applied to the aforementioned bridge health monitoring equipment, includes a distributed collaborative acquisition unit for synchronous data acquisition of multiple parts of the bridge, a dual-mode data transmission unit for ensuring stable long-distance data transmission, an edge collaborative control unit for real-time analysis of monitoring data and linkage control of the equipment, and a cloud-based operation and maintenance unit for remote management and early warning.

[0086] The distributed collaborative acquisition unit consists of several bridge health monitoring devices, which are equipped with synchronized acquisition time for bridge health monitoring devices and cover key monitoring parts of the bridge main beam, piers, cable towers and supports.

[0087] The dual-mode data transmission unit integrates a 5G communication module and a LoRa relay module. When the 5G signal strength in the area where the bridge is located is greater than the preset signal strength threshold, it uses 5G mode to transmit data. When the signal strength is less than the preset signal strength threshold, it automatically switches to LoRa mode.

[0088] The edge collaborative control unit is deployed in a local control cabinet near the bridge. The edge collaborative control unit has a built-in bridge structural mechanics model and equipment linkage control algorithm. It is used to receive the collected data and status information of each bridge health monitoring device and send parameter adjustment instructions to the bridge health monitoring device.

[0089] The edge collaborative control unit also includes an adaptive adjustment module and a multi-device mechanical linkage module. The adaptive adjustment module is used to dynamically adjust the mechanical action parameters of the bridge health monitoring equipment according to the real-time working conditions of the bridge. When the traffic flow is ≥100 vehicles / hour (peak period), the module sends a command to the equipment controller to drive the gear transmission slide rail to increase the sampling frequency of the data acquisition module (from 100Hz to 500Hz), and at the same time shorten the automatic calibration interval (from once every 24 hours to once every 12 hours). When the wind speed is ≥15m / s (level 7 wind), the module commands the electromagnetic hinge group to retract the rhomboid frame base 1 (the included angle is reduced by 20%-30%), and synchronously drives the electric telescopic support rod 4 of the auxiliary support mechanism to extend (the extension length is ≥5cm), so that the suction force of the vacuum suction cup 5 is increased to 1.2MPa, and controls the worm gear drive component to close the louvered heat dissipation window 3 to reduce the impact of strong wind on the equipment. The multi-device mechanical linkage module is used to achieve coordinated action between different bridge health monitoring devices. When the pressure sensor of a certain monitoring device detects that the contact pressure is continuously <5N (risk of device displacement), the module immediately instructs the auxiliary support mechanisms of the two monitoring devices around that device to extend and form a "triangular support" fixed structure. At the same time, it drives the electromagnetic hinge group of the device to readjust the frame angle and restore the contact pressure to the preset range (e.g., 8-12N for concrete bridges), avoiding monitoring blind spots caused by the displacement of a single device.

[0090] The cloud-based operation and maintenance unit includes a visual monitoring interface, a historical data repository, and a fault early warning model. These support administrators in remotely viewing data, configuring equipment parameters, and receiving fault early warning information. It also includes a structural adaptation parameter configuration module. This module incorporates standard structural parameter libraries for several mainstream bridges. Administrators can remotely issue parameter commands based on the type and specific location of the bridge being monitored. For example, when monitoring the arch ring of an arch bridge, the maximum deformation angle of the rhomboid frame base 1 can be configured to 150°, the pressure sensor preset pressure threshold to be 8-12N, and the maximum extension length of the auxiliary support mechanism's telescopic strut to be 10cm. When monitoring the cable-stayed bridge tower, the maximum deformation angle of the frame can be configured to 90°, the pressure threshold to be 5-8N, and the maximum extension length of the strut to be 8cm. The controller of the bridge health monitoring equipment automatically adjusts the mechanical structural parameters after receiving the commands.

[0091] The specific implementation process is as follows: This embodiment takes the whole-bridge health monitoring of a cross-river cable-stayed bridge (main span 500m, including four key monitoring parts: main beam, tower, pier and bearing) as an example.

[0092] I. Deployment of Distributed Collaborative Acquisition Units

[0093] Based on the structural characteristics of the cable-stayed bridge, the construction team deployed 24 bridge health monitoring devices as described in the claims throughout the bridge, forming a distributed collaborative data acquisition network: Main girder section: 12 devices were deployed every 30m along both sides of the main girder web, focusing on monitoring the strain and displacement of the main girder. Tower section: 6 devices were deployed at the top, middle, and bottom of each of the 2 towers, monitoring tower vibration and tilt. Pier section: 4 devices were deployed at the top of each of the 4 piers, monitoring pier settlement and horizontal displacement. Bearing section: 2 devices were deployed next to each of the 8 bearings (1 device shared by every 4 bearings, with the monitoring range extended via gear-driven slide rails), monitoring bearing rotation and compression.

[0094] After deployment, synchronization commands are issued through the edge collaborative control unit to ensure that the acquisition time deviation of all bridge health monitoring devices is controlled within ≤10ms, thus ensuring the time consistency of data from multiple locations.

[0095] II. Cloud Structure Adaptation Parameter Configuration

[0096] Management personnel issue parameter commands based on the structural characteristics of different monitoring locations through the structural adaptation parameter configuration module of the cloud-based operation and maintenance unit: Main beam and pier (concrete structure): Configure the maximum deformation angle of the rhomboid frame base 1 to 120°, the preset pressure threshold of the pressure sensor to 8-12N, and the maximum extension length of the telescopic support rod of the auxiliary support mechanism to 8cm. Cable tower (steel structure): Configure the maximum deformation angle of the frame to 90°, the pressure threshold to 5-8N, and the maximum extension length of the support rod to 6cm. Bearing (rubber-steel composite structure): Configure the maximum deformation angle of the frame to 100°, the pressure threshold to 6-10N, and the maximum extension length of the support rod to 10cm.

[0097] After receiving the command, the controllers of each bridge health monitoring device automatically adjust the maximum rotation angle of the electromagnetic hinge group, the threshold parameters of the pressure sensor, and the travel limit of the electric telescopic support rod 4 to complete the personalized adaptation of the mechanical structure. The adaptation process does not require manual on-site adjustment and the time taken is reduced from the traditional 2 days to 1 hour.

[0098] III. Dual-mode data transmission unit operation

[0099] After system startup, the dual-mode data transmission unit monitors the 5G signal strength in the area where the bridge is located in real time (detection frequency 1 time / minute): In the main beam and pier area (near the shore, 5G signal strength ≥ -75dBm): 5G mode is used for data transmission, with a data transmission rate of up to 15Mbps per device, capable of transmitting raw waveform data collected by sensors in real time (sampling frequency 100Hz). In the tower top area (height 120m, 5G signal strength fluctuates between -88dBm and -82dBm): 5G mode is maintained when the signal strength is ≥ -85dBm; when it is < -85dBm, it automatically switches to LoRa mode, with a transmission distance of up to 6km. Although the transmission rate drops to 0.5Mbps, the data compression algorithm (compression ratio 10:1) still ensures uninterrupted transmission of critical monitoring data (such as tower tilt).

[0100] All data is aggregated by the transmission unit and sent to the edge collaborative control unit for real-time analysis. At the same time, it is synchronized to the cloud operation and maintenance unit for storage (storage period of 7 years, using a distributed database, read and write response time ≤0.5s).

[0101] IV. Daily Monitoring of Edge Collaborative Control Unit

[0102] The edge collaborative control unit incorporates a dedicated structural mechanics model for cable-stayed bridges (based on ANSYS, including the coupling effect between the tower, main girder, and cables). It receives and analyzes data collected from various devices in real time: for strain data collected from the main girder devices, it calculates the bending moment distribution and determines whether it exceeds the design limit (design strain of concrete main girder ≤ 1500 με). For vibration data collected from the tower devices, it analyzes the first natural frequency of the tower (design value 0.8 Hz); if the frequency deviation exceeds ±5%, it is marked as abnormal. For rotational data collected from the support devices, it monitors whether the support rotational angle exceeds 0.02 rad (design limit).

[0103] The analysis results are fed back to the cloud in real time through the edge unit. Managers can view the heat map and trend curve of the whole bridge monitoring data, such as the strain trend map of the main beam and the vibration spectrum map of the cable tower, on the cloud visualization monitoring interface.

[0104] V. Traffic Flow Adjustment (Peak Hour Coordination)

[0105] The edge collaborative control unit's adaptive adjustment module determines traffic conditions by combining vibration data from the main beam equipment (vehicle traffic increases vibration frequency) with traffic flow monitoring data at the bridge entrance (identified by cameras, with an accuracy of ±5 vehicles / hour).

[0106] When traffic flow is ≥100 vehicles / hour (morning peak 7:00-9:00, evening peak 17:00-19:00), the module issues a "peak hour instruction" to all bridge equipment:

[0107] ① The gear transmission slide rails that drive all equipment increase the sampling frequency of the data acquisition module from 100Hz to 500Hz, ensuring the capture of instantaneous strain and vibration data under vehicle load;

[0108] ② Shorten the automatic calibration interval from once every 24 hours to once every 12 hours (starting at 12:00 and 24:00 respectively) to avoid data collection deviation during peak periods;

[0109] ③ The extension length of the electric telescopic support rod 4 of the auxiliary support mechanism of the tower and main beam equipment is increased by 2cm, and the adsorption force of the vacuum suction cup 5 is increased from 1.0MPa to 1.1MPa, enhancing the vibration resistance of the equipment;

[0110] When traffic flow is less than 30 vehicles per hour (2:00-5:00 AM), the module issues an "off-peak instruction" to restore the sampling frequency and calibration interval, reducing equipment power consumption. At this time, the output power of the piezoelectric power generation component (approximately 5W) can meet the basic operating requirements of the equipment (power consumption 3W), and the energy storage lithium battery pack gradually recovers its power.

[0111] VI. Strong Wind Condition Adjustment (Linked to wind force 7 and above)

[0112] The edge collaborative control unit uses acceleration sensor data from the equipment at the top of the tower (which can indirectly calculate wind speed with an accuracy of ±0.5 m / s) and combines it with real-time wind speed data from the bridge's meteorological station to determine wind conditions.

[0113] When the wind speed is ≥15m / s (Level 7 wind, commonly seen in spring and autumn river gusts), the module immediately issues a "strong wind protection command" to all bridge equipment:

[0114] ① Instruct all equipment to retract the rhomboid frame base 1 of the electromagnetic hinge group, reduce the included angle of the main beam equipment frame from 120° to 90°, and reduce the angle of the tower equipment from 90° to 60°, thereby reducing the windward area of ​​the equipment (the windward area is reduced by about 40%).

[0115] ② The electric telescopic support rod 4 of the drive auxiliary support mechanism extends for a length of ≥5cm (8cm for main beam equipment and 6cm for cable tower equipment), and the suction force of the vacuum suction cup 5 is increased to 1.2MPa to prevent the equipment from shifting due to strong winds;

[0116] ③ Control all worm gear drive components of the equipment and close the louvered heat dissipation window 3 to prevent rainwater carried by strong winds from entering the equipment;

[0117] Meanwhile, the edge unit adjusts the data transmission strategy, and the equipment on the top of the tower is forced to switch from LoRa mode to 5G mode (if the 5G signal is weak, the LoRa relay function of the nearby bridge pier equipment is enabled) to ensure that the equipment status data (such as suction force and frame angle) under strong winds is transmitted back in real time, and the managers can view the execution of the equipment protection actions in the cloud.

[0118] VII. Joint Handling of Risks Related to Single Device Relocation

[0119] When the pressure sensor of a certain main beam device (numbered Z10, located at the mid-span of the main beam) detects a continuous contact pressure of <5N (normal range 8-12N), it is determined to be a risk of device displacement, and the multi-device mechanical linkage module of the edge collaborative control unit immediately initiates the linkage program:

[0120] Step 1: Send instructions to the two devices (Z9 and Z11) around device Z10 to drive their auxiliary support mechanism electric telescopic rod 4 to extend 10cm and increase the suction force of vacuum suction cup 5 to 1.2MPa, forming a "triangular support" fixed structure centered on Z10, covering the monitoring blind zone of Z10 (approximately 2m range).

[0121] Step 2: Send adjustment commands to the Z10 device to drive the electromagnetic hinge group to readjust the frame angle (gradually increasing from 120° to 130°), while simultaneously feeding back the pressure value in real time through the pressure sensor until the pressure returns to 10N.

[0122] Step 3: Adjust the universal joint mounting bracket of the Z10 device, recalibrate the sensor angle (correct the verticality deviation to ≤1°), and restore normal data acquisition;

[0123] The entire linkage process takes ≤3 minutes. During this time, the monitoring data from Z9 and Z11 devices can seamlessly supplement the monitoring blind spot of Z10, avoiding data interruption.

[0124] VIII. Emergency Handling of Equipment Failures

[0125] When the fault early warning model of the cloud-based operation and maintenance unit (based on LSTM neural network, with a fault identification accuracy of ≥98%) detects through data analysis that the output voltage of the piezoelectric power generation component of a certain device (numbered T2) at the top of the tower is consistently <3V (normal is ≥3.3V), it is determined to be a fault in the power generation component, and the emergency procedure is immediately initiated:

[0126] The cloud sends a "fault emergency command" to the edge unit, which then instructs the backup equipment for the cable towers (two units pre-deployed at the bottom of each cable tower) to start:

[0127] ① The electromagnetic hinge assembly of the backup equipment can quickly adjust the frame angle (from the initial 90° to 60° to adapt to the cable tower steel structure), and the auxiliary support mechanism support rod extends 6cm, completing the installation and adaptation within 5 minutes;

[0128] ② Adjust the gear transmission slide rails of the two devices (T1 and T3) around the faulty device T2 to extend their monitoring range by 1.5m towards T2, thus making up for the monitoring blind spot of T2;

[0129] The cloud generates a repair plan for the faulty equipment, including: ① the location of the electromagnetic hinge of the T2 equipment that needs to be disassembled (4 sets in total); ② the depressurization steps of the vacuum suction cup 5 of the auxiliary support mechanism; ③ the replacement model of the piezoelectric power generation component (PZT-5H, 20×20×0.5mm); the plan is pushed to the maintenance personnel's mobile device (offline viewing is supported).

[0130] After the maintenance personnel arrived on site, they remotely controlled the electromagnetic hinge group of the T2 equipment to reset and the auxiliary support mechanism to retract via the cloud. The equipment was disassembled and replaced within 15 minutes. After replacement, the equipment automatically received the cloud parameter configuration and resumed normal operation.

[0131] IX. Regular data review and parameter optimization

[0132] At the end of each month, management personnel retrieve the entire bridge monitoring data from the historical data repository of the cloud-based operations and maintenance unit for review and analysis:

[0133] Compare the changes in the vibration frequency of the cable tower in different seasons (e.g., the frequency is 0.03 Hz higher in winter than in summer, which is judged to be due to the influence of temperature stress); analyze the long-term trend of the main beam strain (e.g., the maximum strain increases from 1200 με to 1350 με within 5 years, which is judged to be caused by concrete creep).

[0134] Based on the review results, the equipment parameters were optimized through the structural adaptation parameter configuration module. For example, the threshold of the pressure sensor of the main beam equipment was adjusted to 7-11N to adapt to the bonding characteristics after concrete creep.

[0135] The cloud-based operations and maintenance unit generates a bridge safety assessment report quarterly based on full-bridge monitoring data and the structural mechanics model from the edge collaborative control unit.

[0136] Assess whether the structural performance of the main beam, tower, and piers meets the design requirements; if any abnormal data is found in a certain part (such as the support rotation angle reaching 0.025 rad, exceeding the design limit of 0.02 rad), a level three warning (yellow warning) is triggered and pushed to the management personnel via SMS and APP; based on the warning information, the management personnel can remotely instruct the relevant equipment to increase the sampling frequency (up to 1000 Hz) to obtain more detailed data, providing a basis for subsequent maintenance and reinforcement.

[0137] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A bridge health monitoring device, comprising a main body for supporting various functional modules and providing an installation foundation, a data acquisition module for collecting bridge displacement, strain, and vibration data, and a power supply unit for providing power to various electrical components, characterized in that, The main body of the equipment is equipped with a modular adaptive adjustment mechanism, an environmental adaptive protection mechanism, and an automatic calibration linkage component; The modular adaptive adjustment mechanism includes a deformable rhomboid frame base (1), an electromagnetic hinge group and a gear transmission slide rail. The gear transmission slide rail is fixedly connected to the outside of the rhomboid frame base (1). The data acquisition module slides along the gear transmission slide rail to adjust the monitoring position. A vibration transmission plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rhomboid frame base (1). The vibration transmission plate is in close contact with the bridge surface. The environmental adaptive protection mechanism includes a double-layer protective shell (2), a louvered heat dissipation window (3), and a worm gear drive assembly. The double-layer protective shell (2) is wrapped around the outside of the main body of the equipment. The bottom of the double-layer protective shell (2) is rotatably engaged with the rhomboid frame base (1). The louvered heat dissipation window (3) is used to switch between the heat dissipation state and the sealing state of the main body of the equipment. The louvered heat dissipation window (3) is embedded in the side wall of the double-layer protective shell (2). The worm gear drive assembly is connected to the blade shaft end of the louvered heat dissipation window (3) to drive the blades of the louvered heat dissipation window (3) to open and close. The automatic calibration linkage component includes a calibration sensor component, a power component and a transmission screw. The calibration sensor component is used to provide a standard calibration signal. The calibration sensor component is fixed on the edge of the rhomboid frame base (1). The output shaft of the power component is coaxially connected to one end of the transmission screw. The other end of the transmission screw is threadedly connected to the slider of the data acquisition module to drive the slider to move the data acquisition module for calibration. The rhomboid frame base (1) includes several metal frame units, pressure sensing plates and elastic buffer sleeves; both ends of the metal frame units are provided with connecting ear plates, and the hinge shaft of the electromagnetic hinge group passes through the connecting ear plates to make adjacent metal frame units rotate and connect; the pressure sensing plate is used to detect the contact pressure between the data acquisition module and the bridge surface, and the pressure sensing plate is fixedly connected to the inside of the metal frame unit, and the pressure sensing plate signal is connected to the controller; the elastic buffer sleeve is used to absorb the impact of bridge vibration on the rhomboid frame base (1), and is sleeved on the outside of the electromagnetic hinge group, and both ends of the elastic buffer sleeve are fixedly connected to the connecting ear plates of the adjacent metal frame units respectively. The data acquisition module includes a displacement sensor, a strain sensor, an acceleration sensor, and a universal joint mounting base. The displacement sensor, strain sensor, and acceleration sensor are all fixedly connected to the slider through the universal joint mounting base, which is connected to the controller for signal transmission. The controller drives the universal joint mounting base to adjust the monitoring angle of the data acquisition module based on the contact pressure signal detected by the pressure sensor, so that the data acquisition module is perpendicular to the bridge monitoring surface.

2. The bridge health monitoring equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calibration sensor assembly includes a standard displacement calibration block, a standard strain calibration plate and a signal processing unit. The surface of the standard displacement calibration block is provided with scale lines. The standard displacement calibration block is fixedly connected to the edge of the rhomboid frame base (1). The standard strain calibration plate is fixedly connected to the side of the standard displacement calibration block. The standard displacement calibration block and the standard strain calibration plate are connected to the controller signal through the signal processing unit. When the automatic calibration linkage component is activated, the power component drives the data acquisition module to move to the standard displacement calibration block. The displacement sensor collects the scale line signal to complete the displacement calibration, and the strain sensor attaches to the standard strain calibration piece to complete the strain calibration. The calibration data is fed back to the controller through the signal processing unit.

3. The bridge health monitoring equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The double-layer protective shell (2) of the environmental adaptive protection mechanism is equipped with a dehumidifying fan and a temperature compensation heating element. Both the dehumidifying fan and the temperature compensation heating element are connected to the controller signal. The double-layer protective shell (2) is also equipped with a humidity sensor and a temperature sensor in the interlayer. The humidity sensor and the temperature sensor are used to collect the internal environmental parameters of the double-layer protective shell (2) in real time. When the humidity sensor detects that the relative humidity exceeds the preset humidity threshold in the controller, the controller starts the dehumidifying fan and controls the worm gear drive assembly to close the louvered heat dissipation window (3). When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature is lower than the preset temperature threshold in the controller, the controller starts the temperature compensation heating element.

4. The bridge health monitoring equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The power supply unit includes a piezoelectric power generation component, an energy storage lithium battery pack, and a power management module. The piezoelectric power generation component is fixedly connected to the vibration transmission plate. When the bridge is displaced due to vehicle traffic or environmental vibration, the piezoelectric power generation component is forced to vibrate and generate electrical energy. After rectification and voltage stabilization by the power management module, the energy is stored in the energy storage lithium battery pack. The power management module can monitor the power of the energy storage lithium battery pack in real time. When the power is lower than the power threshold, it automatically adjusts the operating power of the electromagnetic hinge group, power components and data acquisition module.

5. The bridge health monitoring equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer side of the rhomboid frame base (1) is also provided with a foldable auxiliary support mechanism, which includes an electric telescopic support rod (4) and a vacuum suction cup (5). One end of the electric telescopic support rod (4) is hinged to the rhomboid frame base (1), and the other end of the electric telescopic support rod (4) is fixedly connected to the vacuum suction cup (5). The electric telescopic support rod (4) is connected to the controller signal. When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure fluctuation between the data acquisition module and the bridge surface exceeds the threshold, the controller drives the electric telescopic support rod (4) to make the vacuum suction cup (5) adhere to the bridge surface.

6. A bridge health monitoring system, comprising the bridge health monitoring equipment according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, It includes a distributed collaborative acquisition unit for synchronous data acquisition of multiple parts of the bridge, a dual-mode data transmission unit for ensuring stable long-distance data transmission, an edge collaborative control unit for real-time analysis of monitoring data and linkage control of equipment, and a cloud-based operation and maintenance unit for remote management and early warning. The distributed collaborative acquisition unit consists of several bridge health monitoring devices. The acquisition time of each bridge health monitoring device is synchronized, covering key monitoring parts of the bridge main beam, piers, cable towers and supports. The dual-mode data transmission unit integrates a 5G communication module and a LoRa relay module. When the 5G signal strength in the area where the bridge is located is greater than the preset signal strength threshold, it uses 5G mode to transmit data. When the signal strength is less than the preset signal strength threshold, it automatically switches to LoRa mode. The edge collaborative control unit is deployed in a local control cabinet near the bridge. The edge collaborative control unit has a built-in bridge structural mechanics model and equipment linkage control algorithm. It is used to receive the collected data and status information of each bridge health monitoring device and send parameter adjustment instructions to the bridge health monitoring device. The cloud-based operation and maintenance unit includes a visual monitoring interface, a historical data storage repository, and a fault early warning model, which supports administrators in remotely viewing data, configuring equipment parameters, and receiving fault early warning information.

7. The bridge health monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The edge collaborative control unit also includes an adaptive adjustment module for working conditions and a multi-device mechanical linkage module; the adaptive adjustment module for working conditions is used to dynamically adjust the mechanical motion parameters of the bridge health monitoring equipment according to the real-time working conditions of the bridge; the multi-device mechanical linkage module is used to realize the motion coordination between different bridge health monitoring equipment.

8. The bridge health monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The cloud-based operation and maintenance unit includes a structural adaptation parameter configuration module. This module contains a library of standard structural parameters for several mainstream bridges. Based on the type and specific location of the bridge being monitored, administrators can remotely issue parameter commands. The controller of the bridge health monitoring equipment then receives the commands and automatically adjusts the mechanical structural parameters.

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