Safety belt system control method and device and storage medium

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a control method and equipment of a safety belt system and a storage medium, and belongs to the field of equipment control. The control method of the safety belt system comprises the steps that after a second controller is powered on, an authentication request signal is periodically uploaded to a first controller; the first controller responds to the authentication request signal and issues challenge information to the second controller; the second controller performs digital signature operation on the challenge information to obtain encrypted information; and the first controller verifies the encrypted information, and confirms that the safety belt is successfully connected after the verification is passed. The communication method has the advantages that misjudgment is avoided through challenge information and digital signature operation in the communication process, verification can be passed only when the safety belt bolt is connected with the safety belt base, correct use of the safety belt is guaranteed, and the technical effect that devices such as a safety belt buckle pretend to be the safety belt bolt is avoided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of device control, in particular to a control method of a safety belt system, a device and a storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] Some instruments or devices are provided with safety belts inside, which are used to improve the safety of the protection objects inside the instruments or devices. For example, a safety belt system in a vehicle is used to improve the safety of the driver or the passenger, so as to avoid being injured due to inertia when the vehicle is suddenly stopped.

[0003] However, in actual life, people often give up using the safety belt because of the trouble. Therefore, the current safety belt system usually detects whether the safety belt latch has been inserted into the safety belt base, and if not, an alarm is given. People use safety belt buckles and other devices to cheat that the safety belt has been buckled, so that the safety belt is not used correctly. SUMMARY

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a control method of a safety belt system, a device and a storage medium, so as to at least solve the technical problem that the safety belt is not used correctly.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a control method of a safety belt system is provided, the safety belt system comprising a safety belt base and a safety belt, the safety belt being movably provided with a safety belt latch, the safety belt base being provided with a first controller and a power supply for the first controller, the safety belt latch being provided with a second controller, and the method comprising: The second controller periodically uploads a request authentication signal to the first controller after being powered on, wherein the second controller is powered when the safety belt latch is connected to the safety belt base; The first controller responds to the request authentication signal and issues challenge information to the second controller; The second controller performs a digital signature operation on the challenge information to obtain encrypted information; The first controller verifies the encrypted information, and confirms that the safety belt is successfully connected after verification.

[0006] In the embodiments, the second controller is arranged in the safety belt latch, so that the first controller and the second controller can communicate after the safety belt latch is connected to the safety belt base, and the challenge information and the digital signature operation are used to avoid misjudgment in the communication process. Only when the safety belt latch is connected to the safety belt base can the verification be passed, so that the correct use of the safety belt is ensured, and the safety belt buckle and other devices are avoided from imitating the safety belt latch.

[0007] With reference to the first aspect, in an optional implementation of the embodiments of the present application, the first controller stores public key information, and the second controller stores corresponding private key information. The second controller performs a digital signature operation on the challenge information to obtain encrypted information, including: The second controller performs a hash operation on the challenge information and then encrypts the challenge information using the private key information to obtain the encrypted information.

[0008] With the implementation, the first controller stores public key information, and the second controller stores private key information, so that the information security can be improved during communication between the first controller and the second controller, and impersonation can be avoided, thereby ensuring that the verification can be passed only when the safety belt is connected to the safety belt base.

[0009] With reference to the first aspect, in an optional implementation of the embodiments of the present application, the first controller verifies the encrypted information, including: The first controller decrypts the encrypted information based on the public key information to obtain a first hash value. The first controller performs a hash operation on the challenge information to obtain a second hash value. If the first hash value is the same as the second hash value, the verification is passed.

[0010] With the implementation, the hash operation is beneficial to improving the operation efficiency and the reliability of the verification.

[0011] With reference to the first aspect, in an optional implementation of the embodiments of the present application, the first controller and the second controller use Bluetooth communication.

[0012] With the implementation, the communication cost and the number of lines can be reduced.

[0013] With reference to the first aspect, in an optional implementation of the embodiments of the present application, if the verification is not passed, the first controller interrupts the safety belt connected state and waits to receive a request authentication signal uploaded subsequently by the second controller, and the first controller disables a preset function of the vehicle.

[0014] With the implementation, the safety belt connected state can be interrupted in time, and the alarm can be ensured to be given in time. Meanwhile, the preset function of the vehicle is disabled, and the safety of the personnel is ensured.

[0015] With reference to the first aspect, in an optional implementation of the embodiments of the present application, the method further includes: The first controller obtains a vehicle state after the second controller is powered on, and if the vehicle state is a driving state, the length of the challenge information is increased.

[0016] According to the present implementation, by detecting the vehicle state, the length of the challenge information is increased when the vehicle is running, so that the first controller can actively change the generation rule of the challenge information during the running of the vehicle. In this way, even if the device such as the seat belt buckle successfully passes the verification of the first controller at the beginning, it will not be able to pass the verification due to the change of the challenge information after the vehicle runs, thereby ensuring the correct use of the seat belt. In addition, during the running of the vehicle, increasing the length of the challenge information increases the difficulty of verification, thereby further ensuring safety during running.

[0017] With reference to the first aspect, in an optional implementation of the embodiments of the present application, the length of the challenge information is increased by: The first controller adds the running speed of the vehicle to the challenge information. The method further includes: After obtaining the challenge information containing the running speed of the vehicle, the second controller increases the frequency of uploading the request authentication signal to the first controller as the running speed increases.

[0018] According to the present implementation, the running speed is added to the challenge information, which not only increases the length of the challenge information, but also enables the second controller to know the running speed and adaptively adjust the uploading frequency of the request authentication signal. Firstly, the running speed changes in real time, which naturally increases the difficulty of verification. Secondly, using the running speed eliminates the need to set an additional challenge information growth algorithm, thereby reducing the cost of control design. Thirdly, the frequency can be automatically adjusted, thereby improving the safety during running.

[0019] With reference to the first aspect, in an optional implementation of the embodiments of the present application, the method further includes: After the uploading frequency of the request authentication signal is increased, the first controller obtains the tension of the seat belt latch and the running speed. If the amplitude of the sudden change of the running speed exceeds a preset amplitude threshold and the tension does not exceed a preset range, it is determined that the seat belt is invalid.

[0020] According to the present implementation, when the amplitude of the sudden change of the running speed is large, the person will be affected by inertia. If the tension does not exceed the preset range at this time, it proves that the seat belt does not play its due role, and the seat belt is determined to be invalid in time, which is conducive to ensuring the safety of driving. In addition, the running speed is still used in the process of verifying whether the seat belt is invalid, thereby reducing the number of quantities that need to be obtained and controlling the cost.

[0021] According to the second aspect of the present application, an electronic device is provided, which includes a memory and a processor. The memory is configured to store a computer program. The processor is configured to execute the computer program to implement the steps of the method.

[0022] According to a third aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a computer readable storage medium is provided, which stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed on a computer or a processor, the computer or the processor performs the steps of the method described above.

[0023] The technical effects obtained by the second aspect to the third aspect are similar to the technical effects obtained by the corresponding technical means in the first aspect, and will not be described here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a control method of a safety belt system provided by the embodiments of the present application; Figure 2 is a structural block diagram of an electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to enable persons skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by persons skilled in the art without creative labor should be within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0026] It should be understood that "multiple" referred to herein means two or more. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, " / " represents the meaning of or, for example, A / B can represent A or B; "and / or" herein is only a description of the association relationship between the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which can represent three cases of A alone, A and B together, and B alone. In addition, in order to clearly describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish the same items or similar items with basically the same function and effect in the embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art can understand that "first", "second", etc. do not limit the quantity and execution order, and "first", "second", etc. also do not necessarily mean different.

[0027] Moreover, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, product or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or units not only comprises those steps or units but can include other steps or units not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, product or apparatus.

[0028] At present, the internal safety belt of a general vehicle / other equipment, etc. does not have the function of identifying a legal safety belt latch, so that a person can use a "safety belt buckle" device to cheat the vehicle that the safety belt is buckled, thereby causing the driver / passenger to be in danger.

[0029] Based on this, the embodiment of the present application provides a control method of a safety belt system. Taking the application of the safety belt system to a car as an example, the safety belt system comprises a safety belt base and a safety belt, the safety belt is movably provided with a safety belt latch, the safety belt base is provided with a first controller and a power supply for the first controller, the safety belt latch is provided with a second controller, and the second controller is connected to the first controller through a communication channel. Figure 1 As shown in the flowchart of the control method of the safety belt system, the method comprises the following processing process.

[0030] S100, the second controller periodically uploads a request authentication signal to the first controller after power-on.

[0031] Among them, the second controller is powered when the safety belt latch is connected to the safety belt base. That is, when the safety belt latch is inserted into the safety belt base and the insertion depth reaches enough, the contact of the second controller contacts the power supply or the first controller, so that the second controller is powered by the power supply.

[0032] It should be noted that in the periodic uploading of the request authentication signal, the specific period can be set by itself. In an embodiment, the period of uploading the request authentication signal is determined according to the driving state of the vehicle. Specifically, if the vehicle is not driven, the period is set to a small period, for example, 30s, if the vehicle is driven, the period is shorter than when the vehicle is not driven, for example, 10S is set to millisecond level.

[0033] S102, the first controller responds to the request authentication signal and issues challenge information to the second controller.

[0034] After the first controller receives the request authentication signal, the challenge information is generated according to the preset rule, and the challenge information is issued to the second controller. Among them, the generation rule of the challenge information can be any rule, and the embodiment does not make specific limitation to this, for example, the challenge information can be a string composed of several to dozens of characters.

[0035] S104, the second controller performs a digital signature operation on the challenge information to obtain encrypted information.

[0036] The digital signature operation can be compression, encryption, conversion, etc. The embodiment is not limited in this regard. For example, a hash calculation is performed, which aims to be able to encrypt or ensure the uniqueness of the result after the operation.

[0037] S106, the first controller verifies the encrypted information, and confirms that the safety belt is successfully connected after verification.

[0038] The first controller verifies the encrypted information. The specific verification process is not limited. For example, the encrypted result can be pre-stored in the first controller. If the encrypted information is consistent with the encrypted result, the verification is passed.

[0039] In the embodiment, the second controller is arranged in the safety belt latch, so that the first controller and the second controller can communicate after the safety belt latch is connected to the safety belt base, and the challenge information and the digital signature operation are used to avoid misjudgment during the communication process. Only when the safety belt latch is connected to the safety belt base can the verification be passed, which ensures the correct use of the safety belt and avoids the safety belt buckle and other devices from impersonating the safety belt latch.

[0040] In a possible embodiment of the present application, the first controller stores public key information, and the second controller stores corresponding private key information. The second controller performs a digital signature operation on the challenge information to obtain encrypted information, including: The second controller performs a hash operation on the challenge information and then encrypts the challenge information using the private key information to obtain the encrypted information.

[0041] In the implementation, the public key information is stored in the first controller, and the private key information is stored in the second controller, so that the information security can be improved during the communication between the first controller and the second controller, and impersonation is avoided, thereby ensuring that the verification is passed only when the safety belt latch is connected to the safety belt base.

[0042] Optionally, in an implementation of the embodiment, the first controller verifies the encrypted information, including: The first controller decrypts the encrypted information based on the public key information to obtain a first hash value. The first controller performs a hash operation on the challenge information to obtain a second hash value. If the first hash value is the same as the second hash value, the verification is passed.

[0043] According to the present implementation, the hash operation can improve the operation efficiency and the reliability of the verification.

[0044] Optionally, in an implementation of the embodiment, the first controller and the second controller communicate by using Bluetooth.

[0045] According to the present implementation, the communication cost and the number of lines can be reduced.

[0046] Optionally, in an implementation of the embodiment, if the verification fails, the first controller interrupts the seat belt connected state and waits for receiving the request authentication signal uploaded subsequently by the second controller, and the first controller disables the preset function of the vehicle.

[0047] According to the present implementation, the seat belt connected state can be interrupted in time, the alarm can be ensured to be given in time, and the preset function of the vehicle can be disabled to ensure the safety of the personnel.

[0048] Optionally, in an implementation of the embodiment, the method further includes: The first controller acquires the vehicle state after the second controller is powered on, and if the vehicle state is a driving state, the length of the challenge information is increased.

[0049] The vehicle state includes a driving state and a non-driving state. In a specific determination, if the driving speed of the vehicle is greater than 20 km / h, the vehicle state is considered to be the driving state, otherwise, the vehicle state is considered to be the non-driving state. Of course, other determination methods can also be designed, and the embodiment is not limited in this regard.

[0050] The length increasing method of the challenge information can be any method that can increase the length of the challenge information.

[0051] According to the present implementation, by detecting the vehicle state, the length of the challenge information is increased when the vehicle is driving, so that the first controller can actively change the generation rule of the challenge information during the driving of the vehicle. In this way, even if the seat belt buckle device successfully passes the verification of the first controller at the beginning, the verification cannot be passed due to the change of the challenge information after the vehicle is driving, so that the correct use of the seat belt is ensured. In addition, the length of the challenge information is increased during the driving of the vehicle, so that the difficulty of the verification is increased, and the safety during the driving is further ensured.

[0052] Optionally, in an implementation of the embodiment, the length of the challenge information is increased by: The first controller adds the driving speed of the vehicle into the challenge information. The method further includes: The second controller increases the frequency of uploading the request authentication signal to the first controller as the driving speed increases after obtaining challenge information containing the driving speed of the vehicle.

[0053] That is, the greater the driving speed, the faster the frequency, until the frequency reaches an upper limit.

[0054] It should be noted that when increasing the length of the challenge information, the driving speed can be added to a specific position, such as the head or the tail, so that the second controller can directly identify the driving speed, and in addition, the driving speed can be added by increasing a specific symbol or number, without limitation.

[0055] By adding the driving speed to the challenge information, the length of the challenge information is increased, and the second controller can learn the driving speed and then adaptively adjust the uploading frequency of the request authentication signal. First, the driving speed changes in real time, which naturally increases the verification difficulty. Second, using the driving speed eliminates the need for additional challenge information growth algorithms, reducing control design costs. Third, the frequency can be automatically adjusted to improve safety during driving.

[0056] Optionally, in an implementation manner of the embodiment, the method further includes: After the uploading frequency of the request authentication signal is increased, the first controller obtains the pulling force of the seat belt latch and the driving speed, and determines that the seat belt is invalid if the driving speed mutation amplitude exceeds a preset amplitude threshold and the pulling force does not exceed a preset range.

[0057] The pulling force can be obtained by setting a pressure sensor.

[0058] By using this implementation manner, when the driving speed mutation amplitude is large, the person will be affected by inertia. If the pulling force at this time does not exceed the preset range, it proves that the seat belt does not play the role it should play, and the seat belt failure is determined in time, which is beneficial to ensure driving safety. In addition, the driving speed is still used in the process of verifying whether the seat belt is invalid, reducing the number of quantities that need to be obtained and controlling the cost.

[0059] In the above embodiments of the present application, the description of each embodiment has its own focus, and the parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment can be referred to the related description of other embodiments. The steps shown in the related flowcharts can be executed in a computer system such as a group of computer executable instructions, and although the logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in an order different from that shown here. In other words, the order of the steps described in the foregoing embodiments is only an example, and reasonable adjustment of the order of the steps based on the content of the embodiments of the present application is also within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0060] In one specific implementation of this application embodiment, the control method of the seat belt system includes the following processing steps: 1. Define the microcontroller inside the fixed seatbelt base as the master controller, and define the satellite controller inside the movable seatbelt latch as the slave controller. The seatbelt base has a 5V power supply for driving the chip, and the slave controller is powered by the contacts during connection. Master / slave controller communication uses CAN / LIN / Bluetooth.

[0061] 2. When the vehicle leaves the factory, the RSA / ECC private key is securely stored in the slave controller, and the corresponding public key information is stored in the master controller.

[0062] 3. When the seatbelt is connected, the microcontroller at the seatbelt pin is powered and periodically attempts to send a Live signal to the main controller (the format depends on the communication type definition). After receiving the request, the main controller will generate a challenge (random number) message of a certain length (32 / 128B). After receiving the challenge message from the controller, the main controller will sign the challenge using the previously stored RSA / ECC private key. If the verification is successful, the main controller will send a seatbelt connection success signal to the vehicle. If the main controller loses the Live signal from the slave controller midway, the seatbelt connection state will be interrupted and the vehicle will wait for the next authentication. At this time, the vehicle will disable some functions (such as the automatic parking brake) because the seatbelt is not connected.

[0063] Compared to no security solutions or other solutions, under current technological levels, RSA algorithms using 2048-bit (or higher) keys or ECC algorithms using 256-bit (or higher) keys can be considered unforgeable. Furthermore, this process only involves periodic live signals, master node sending challenges, and slave node sending signatures. At the same time, the seat belt detection cycle can be set to a longer period (e.g., 300ms). Therefore, the computing power requirements for the chip are relatively low. Under low power consumption and low performance requirements, it can meet extremely high security requirements and play a positive role in promoting driving / passenger safety.

[0064] The above provides illustrative examples of the method embodiments according to this application. This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when run on a computer or processor, causes the computer or processor to perform the steps of the method described above.

[0065] This application also provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a control method for a seat belt system, and the processor is used to employ the control method for the seat belt system described above when executing the control method for the seat belt system.

[0066] Specifically, such asFigure 2 As shown, the electronic device includes a processor 100, at least one communication bus 200, a user interface 300, at least one external communication interface 400, and a memory 500. The communication bus 200 is configured to enable communication between these components. The user interface 300 may include a display screen, and the external communication interface 400 may include standard wired and wireless interfaces. The memory 500 stores control methods for a seatbelt system. The processor 100 is used to employ the aforementioned methods when executing the control methods for the seatbelt system stored in the memory 500.

[0067] The description of the computer-readable storage medium and electronic device described above is similar to the description of the method embodiments described above, and has similar beneficial effects as the method embodiments. For technical details not disclosed in the computer program product, computer-readable storage medium, and electronic device of this application, please refer to the description of the method embodiments of this application for understanding.

[0068] The sequence numbers or order of description of the embodiments in this application are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0069] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the division of units can be a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For instance, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between units or modules may be electrical or other forms.

[0070] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0071] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0072] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a computer, or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., digital versatile disc (DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid state disk (SSD)). It is worth noting that the computer-readable storage medium mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be a non-volatile storage medium; in other words, it can be a non-transient storage medium. It should be noted that the information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.), data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, stored data, displayed data, etc.), and signals involved in the embodiments of this application are all authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use, and processing of related data must comply with the relevant laws, regulations, and standards of the relevant countries and regions. For example, the scene data of the current frame in the 3D virtual scene involved in the embodiments of this application, the client's device information, and the scene interaction information are all obtained with full authorization.

[0073] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A control method for a seat belt system, the seat belt system comprising a seat belt base and a seat belt, wherein a seat belt latch is movably disposed on the seat belt, and the seat belt base is provided with a first controller and a power supply for supplying power to the first controller, characterized in that, The seatbelt latch is equipped with a second controller, and the method includes: After being powered on, the second controller periodically uploads an authentication request signal to the first controller, wherein the second controller is powered on when the seat belt pin is connected to the seat belt base; The first controller responds to the authentication request signal and sends challenge information to the second controller; The second controller performs a digital signature operation on the challenge information to obtain encrypted information; The first controller verifies the encrypted information, and confirms that the seat belt is successfully connected after the verification is successful.

2. The control method for the seat belt system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first controller stores public key information, and the second controller stores corresponding private key information; The second controller performs a digital signature operation on the challenge information to obtain encrypted information, including: The second controller performs a hash operation on the challenge information and then encrypts the challenge information using the private key information to obtain the encrypted information.

3. The control method for the seat belt system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first controller verifies the encrypted information, including: After the first controller decrypts the encrypted information based on the public key information, it obtains a first hash value; The first controller performs a hash operation on the challenge information to obtain a second hash value; If the first hash value is the same as the second hash value, the verification is successful.

4. The control method for the seat belt system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The first controller and the second controller communicate using Bluetooth.

5. The control method for the seat belt system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, If the verification fails, the first controller interrupts the seat belt connection state and waits to receive a subsequent authentication request signal uploaded by the second controller. The first controller also disables the vehicle's preset functions.

6. The control method for the seat belt system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: After the second controller is powered on, the first controller acquires the vehicle status. If the vehicle status is in a driving state, the length of the challenge information is increased.

7. The control method for the seat belt system according to claim 6, characterized in that, Increasing the length of the challenge information includes: The first controller incorporates the vehicle's speed into the challenge information; The method further includes: After receiving challenge information including the vehicle's speed, the second controller increases the frequency of sending authentication request signals to the first controller as the speed increases.

8. The control method for the seat belt system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: After the upload frequency of the authentication request signal is increased, the first controller obtains the tension on the seat belt buckle and the driving speed. If the sudden change in driving speed exceeds a preset threshold and the tension does not exceed a preset range, the seat belt is determined to be faulty.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes a memory and a processor; The memory is used to store computer programs; The processor is configured to execute the computer program to implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed on a computer or processor, causes the computer or processor to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-8.

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