Centralized seed separation device with centrifugal flow division and airflow conveying coupled and control method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural equipment, in particular to a centrifugal shunting and pneumatic conveying coupled centralized seed distribution device and a control method, solves the problem of non-uniform seed distribution of a seed outlet of an existing pneumatic centralized seeding machine, realizes repeated and small-amount distribution of seed flow through a passive seed distribution fan blade and an active seed distribution fan blade, and improves the seed distribution efficiency. The seed separating device comprises a seed separating device, the seed separating device comprises a seed separating device upper cover, and a seed separating cavity with a disc-shaped cross section is formed in the bottom side of the seed separating device upper cover; a seed separating disc capable of being driven to rotate is arranged in the seed separating cavity, a central shaft is mounted at the central position of the lower surface of the seed separating disc, an impeller is rotatably mounted on the central shaft, and a plurality of driven fan blades are uniformly distributed on the peripheral surface of the impeller; a plurality of driving fan blades are distributed on the lower surface of the seed separating disc in the circumferential direction around the impeller, and a plurality of seed outlets are communicated with the outer side wall of the seed separating cavity in the circumferential direction; an airflow conveying pipe orifice is formed in the center of the bottom of the seed separating cavity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural equipment technology, and more particularly to the field of agricultural seed sowing technology equipment, specifically to a centralized seeding device and control method that couples centrifugal diversion and airflow conveying. Background Technology

[0002] Sowing is a crucial part of agricultural production, and the quality of sowing has a significant impact on grain yield. Precision and high-speed sowing is an important direction for the development of modern agriculture. Pneumatic seeders can significantly reduce the amount of seeds required, effectively saving seeds and fertilizers. They are the main equipment for precision seed and fertilizer application, and the key component of pneumatic seeders is the centralized seed distributor.

[0003] The existing technology has at least the following disadvantages: (1) During the process of pneumatically transporting and distributing seeds, the laminar flow of the airflow causes the distribution to be interrupted or changed momentarily, resulting in a phenomenon of "dense at times and sparse at others". There are sudden changes in the amount of seeds distributed at each seed outlet of the pneumatic seed distribution device, and the distribution is uneven; (2) When the mixture of seeds and airflow collides with the top of the centralized distributor, the distribution is uneven due to the random action of the seeds. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a centralized seeding device and control method that couples centrifugal diversion with airflow conveying, solving the problem of uneven seeding at the seed outlet of existing pneumatic seeders. By using passive and active seeding blades, multiple and small-volume distribution of the seed flow is achieved, thereby improving the uniformity of seeding.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A centralized seeding device coupled with centrifugal diversion and airflow delivery includes a seeder, the seeder including a seeder cover, and a seeding cavity with a disc-shaped cross-section provided on the bottom side of the seeder cover; The seeding chamber is equipped with a seeding disk that can be driven to rotate. A central shaft is installed at the center of the lower surface of the seeding disk. An impeller is rotatably installed on the central shaft. Several passive fan blades are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the impeller. The lower surface of the seeding disc has several active fan blades distributed around the impeller along the circumferential direction, and the outer wall of the seeding cavity is connected to multiple seed outlets along the circumferential direction. An airflow delivery pipe is located at the bottom center of the sorting chamber.

[0006] Furthermore, a drive shaft is swivelly mounted at the center of the seeder cover, and the lower end of the drive shaft extends into the seeding cavity and is fixedly connected to the center of the upper surface of the seeding disc. A drive motor is fixed above the top cover of the seeder, and the output shaft of the drive motor is connected to the upper end of the drive shaft.

[0007] Furthermore, the passive fan blade is designed as a turbine blade, and the height of the turbine blade has a trend of being higher on the inside and lower on the outside.

[0008] Furthermore, a seeding cover is fixed to the outer end of the central shaft, and the seeding cover has a conical structure.

[0009] Furthermore, the active fan blade is a plate-shaped blade with an arc-shaped cross-section, and the arc-shaped opening of the plate-shaped blade is distributed unidirectionally along the circumference.

[0010] Furthermore, the distribution of several active fan blades is a concentric circle array of 2-3.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a turbulence generator, which includes a turbulence tube and a turbulence rod. The upper end of the turbulence tube is connected to the airflow delivery pipe, and the turbulence rod is swivelly installed inside the turbulence tube. Multiple turbulence fan blades are fixed on the rod.

[0012] Furthermore, the turbulence tube is a corrugated tube, and fixed rings are respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the turbulence tube. The outer wall of the fixed ring is fixed to the inner wall of the turbulence tube by multiple fixed rods, and the upper and lower ends of the turbulence rod are respectively rotatably connected to the two fixed rings. The turbulent fan blades are distributed along a spiral line on the outer wall of the turbulent rod.

[0013] Furthermore, multiple seed outlets are distributed on the outer wall of the seeding chamber and tilted downwards.

[0014] A centralized sorting control method coupling centrifugal diversion and airflow conveying, employing the aforementioned centralized sorting device for sorting, includes the following steps: S10. Install the centralized seeding device on the seeder, install sensors that can monitor the number of seeds in each seed outlet, and connect each seed outlet to the furrow opener of the seeder through pipes. S20. Seeds and air form a mixture, which enters the seeding chamber through the airflow conveying pipe under the action of airflow. S30. The mixture of seeds and air impacts the impeller and is driven to rotate by the airflow, which causes the seed clusters to form a discrete state. During the rotation, the passive fan blades will continuously stratify the seed flow away from the cluster state and distribute it in a circular rotation. S40. The mixture continues to move along the side wall of the seeding chamber and finally passes through the seed outlet and the sensor. The sensor monitors the amount of seeds discharged from the seed outlet in real time per unit time. Analyze the consistency of seed discharge from each seed outlet within the same time period. When the consistency is within the set value range, the seed distribution tray remains stationary. When the consistency exceeds the set value range, the seed distribution disc is controlled to rotate the active fan blades, which then perform radial spatial distribution of the mixture of seeds and air. The active fan blades divide the radial space multiple times, thereby further improving the uniformity of the mixture in the radial space and ultimately improving the consistency of seed discharge from each seed outlet of the seed distributor.

[0015] The beneficial effects achieved by this invention compared with the prior art are as follows: 1. This invention provides a centralized seeding device that couples centrifugal diversion with airflow conveying. Several passive blades are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the impeller; several active blades are distributed around the impeller along the circumferential direction on the lower surface of the seeding disc. The passive and active blades work together to achieve multiple, small-batch distribution of the seed flow, thereby improving seeding uniformity. This invention can be applied to the sowing and fertilization of materials such as wheat and forage, and has broad application prospects. This invention provides a centralized seed distribution control method that couples centrifugal diversion with airflow delivery. The passive fan blades can rotate under the blowing of airflow to distribute the seeds in a circular rotation, changing their original spatial aggregation position and improving the uniformity of the seed-airflow mixture in the circumferential space. When the sensor detects uneven distribution at each seed outlet, the active fan blades start to rotate. The blades of the active fan blades cut the spatially distributed seed-airflow mixture in a frustum shape, and the rotation causes the seeds to redistribute their spatial position, thereby dispersing the clustered seeds to each seed outlet and improving the uniformity of seed distribution. 2. The turbulence generator includes a turbulence tube and a turbulence rod. The upper end of the turbulence tube is connected to the airflow delivery pipe. Multiple turbulence fan blades are fixed on the body of the turbulence rod. The turbulence fan blades arranged in the turbulence tube break the laminar flow phenomenon that exists in the airflow and seed mixture during the delivery process, so as to achieve more uniform seed delivery. 3. The drive motor controls the rotation of the seeding disc through the drive shaft, thereby controlling the rotation of the active fan blades, making the control more flexible and convenient; 4. The distribution of several active fan blades is in the form of a concentric circle array of 2-3. When the active fan blades start to rotate, they cut the spatially distributed seed-airflow mixture in a truncated ring shape through each blade. The rotation also causes the seeds to redistribute their spatial position, thereby dispersing the clustered seeds to each seed outlet and improving the uniformity of seed production. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a front view of the centralized seeding device described in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the centralized seeding device described in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the seeder described in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the seeding disc described in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the turbulence rod described in this invention; In the diagram: 1. Drive motor, 2. Drive shaft, 3. Coupling, 4. Seeder, 401. Seeding chamber, 402. Seeding disc, 403. Seeder cover, 404. Seed outlet, 405. Impeller, 406. Passive fan blade, 407. Active fan blade, 408. Seeding cover, 5. Sensor, 6. Turbulence generator, 601. Turbulence tube, 602. Turbulence rod, 603. Turbulence fan blade, 604. Fixing ring, 605. Fixing rod, 7. Motor bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] In the description of the invention, it should be understood that the terms "front", "rear", "up", "down", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0019] Example 1 This embodiment discloses a centralized sorting device that couples centrifugal diversion with airflow delivery, such as... Figure 1-4 As shown, the main components include a seeder 4, a drive motor 1, a drive shaft 2, a coupling 3, and a motor bracket 7. The seeder 4 includes a seeder cover 403, a seeding disc 402, and an impeller 405. A seeding cavity 401 with a disc-shaped cross-section is fixed to the bottom side of the seeder cover 403. The drive shaft 2 is rotated and mounted on the center of the seeder cover 403 via a bearing assembly, with its lower end extending into the seeding cavity 401. The motor bracket 7 is fixed to the surface of the seeder cover 403. The drive motor 1, a servo motor, is fixed to the motor bracket 7, and its output shaft is connected to the upper end of the drive shaft 2 via the coupling 3.

[0020] The seeding disc 402 is assembled inside the seeding cavity 401, and the center of the top surface of the seeding disc 402 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the drive shaft 2. With this design, the rotation of the seeding disc 402 is controlled by the drive motor 1. A central shaft is fixedly installed at the center of the lower surface of the seeding disc 402, and an impeller 405 is rotatably mounted on the central shaft via a bearing assembly. To limit the movement of the impeller 405, two retaining rings are fixedly installed on the central shaft at its upper and lower ends to limit its movement and prevent displacement along the central shaft. Several passive fan blades 406 are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the impeller 405. The passive fan blades 406 are designed as turbine blades, with the height of the turbine blades trending from high to low. The number of passive fan blades 406 can be adjusted according to actual needs. A seeding cover 408, which is a conical structure, is fixed to the outer end of the central shaft. It can not only divert the mixture, but also prevent dust from entering the assembly gap between the impeller and the central shaft.

[0021] The lower surface of the seeding disc 402 has several active fan blades 407 distributed around the impeller 405 along the circumferential direction. The actual number, quantity, and shape of the active fan blades 407 can be adjusted according to the seeding effect. In this embodiment, the active fan blades 407 are plate-shaped blades with an arc-shaped cross-section. The arc-shaped openings of the plate-shaped blades are distributed unidirectionally along the circumference, and the distribution of the active fan blades 407 is a concentric array of 2-3 circles. An airflow delivery pipe is provided at the bottom center of the seeding cavity 401, and the airflow delivery pipe coincides with the axis of the central shaft.

[0022] Multiple seed outlets 404 are connected along the circumferential direction on the outer wall of the seeding chamber 401. The multiple seed outlets 404 are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the seeding chamber 401 and tilted downwards. Each seed outlet 404 is connected to the furrow opener of the seeder through a pipe.

[0023] Taking wheat seed sowing as an example, based on the above-mentioned centralized sowing device that couples centrifugal diversion and pneumatic conveying, this embodiment discloses a centralized sowing control method that couples centrifugal diversion and pneumatic conveying, including the following steps: S10. Install the centralized seeding device described in this embodiment on the seeder, and install a sensor 5 that can monitor the number of seeds in each seed outlet 404. In this embodiment, the sensor 5 can be a laser grating photoelectric sensor, which can identify and detect the number of seeds passing through the seed outlet; each seed outlet 404 is connected to the furrow opener of the seeder through a pipe. To achieve automated control, a controller is installed on the seeder. All sensors 5 and drive motors are electrically connected to the controller. In this step, the power is turned on and the controller performs a power-on self-test. S20: Seeds and air form a mixture, which, under the action of airflow, enters the seeding chamber 401 through the airflow delivery pipe; based on practical experience, the airflow velocity is generally 25-35 m / s. S30, the mixture of seeds and air impacts the seed separator and impeller 405, and the passive fan blades 406 are rotated by the airflow, thereby causing the seed clusters to form a discrete state. During the rotation, the passive fan blades 406 will continuously stratify the seed flow and carry it away from the cluster state and distribute it in a circular rotation; changing its original spatial aggregation position, thereby improving the uniformity of the seed airflow mixture in the circumferential space. In this step, the passive fan blade 406 rotates under the action of airflow, and its rotational speed is calculated using the following formula: Where λ: tip speed ratio, which depends on the type and design of the passive fan blades of the impeller; v: wind speed (m / s); D: passive fan blade diameter (m); N: rotational speed (rpm); K: drag coefficient of the passive fan blade; S40. The mixture continues to move along the side wall of the seeding chamber 401 and finally passes through the seed outlet 404 and the sensor 5. The sensor 5 monitors the amount of seeds discharged from the seed outlet 404 in real time per unit time. Analyze the consistency of seed discharge from each seed outlet 404 within the same time period. When the consistency is within the set value range, the seed distribution plate 402 remains stationary. When the consistency exceeds the set value range, the controller issues a command to drive the motor to control the seeding disc 402 to rotate the active fan blade 407, and to further radially distribute the mixture of seeds and air. Since the blades of the active fan blade are relatively smaller than those of the passive fan blade, each blade carries a smaller seed flow in the radial direction. Therefore, the radial space can be divided multiple times, thereby further improving the uniformity of the mixture in the radial space, and ultimately improving the material discharge consistency of each seed outlet of the seeder 4. In this step, consistency can be evaluated using the coefficient of variation. In this embodiment, the coefficient of variation for seeding consistency in each row is typically required to be ≤4%.

[0024] Through the above-mentioned centralized seed distribution control method that couples centrifugal diversion with airflow, the passive fan blades can rotate under the blowing of airflow to distribute the seeds in a circular rotation, changing their original spatial aggregation position and improving the uniformity of the seed-airflow mixture in the circumferential space. When the sensor detects uneven distribution at each seed outlet, the active fan blades start to rotate. The blades of the active fan blades cut the spatially distributed seed-airflow mixture in a truncated ring shape, and the rotation causes the seeds to redistribute their spatial position, thereby dispersing the clustered seeds to each seed outlet and improving the uniformity of seed distribution.

[0025] Example 2 This embodiment discloses a centralized sorting device coupling centrifugal diversion and airflow conveying. A further improvement on Embodiment 1 is as follows: Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, it also includes a turbulence generator 6, which comprises a turbulence tube 601 and a turbulence rod 602. The turbulence tube 601 is a corrugated pipe, and its upper end is connected to the airflow delivery port of the subdivision cavity. Fixed rings 604 are respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the turbulence tube 601. The outer wall of the fixed rings 604 is fixed to the inner wall of the turbulence tube 601 by three fixed rods 605. The upper and lower ends of the turbulence rod 602 are rotatably connected to two fixed rings 604, thereby allowing the turbulence rod 602 to be swirled and installed inside the turbulence tube 601. Multiple turbulence fan blades 603 are fixed to the rod body of the turbulence rod 602, and the multiple turbulence fan blades 603 are distributed along a spiral line on the outer wall of the turbulence rod 602. The turbulent fan blade 603 forms a certain angle with the horizontal plane and can drive the turbulent rod 602 to rotate through the airflow. The turbulent fan blade 603 has a certain width, which can break the laminar flow state of the seed and airflow mixture during rotation, so that the seeds are evenly distributed in the turbulent tube 601, laying the foundation for the uniform sowing of the seed divider.

[0026] Taking corn seed sowing as an example, based on the above-mentioned centralized sowing device that couples centrifugal diversion and pneumatic conveying, only passive sowing operations are performed. This embodiment discloses a centralized sowing control method that couples centrifugal diversion and pneumatic conveying, including the following steps: S10. Install the centralized seeding device described in this embodiment on the seeder, install a sensor 5 that can monitor the number of seeds in each seed outlet 404, and connect each seed outlet 404 to the furrow opener of the seeder through a pipe. To achieve automated control, a controller is installed on the seeder. All sensors 5 and drive motors are electrically connected to the controller. In this step, the power is turned on and the controller performs a power-on self-test. S20. The mixture of seeds and air enters the lower end of the turbulent flow device 6. Under the action of the airflow, the turbulent flow rod of the turbulent flow device 6 rotates. During the rotation, the turbulent flow rod can break the laminar flow state of the mixture of seeds and airflow through the turbulent flow fan blades, so that the seeds are evenly distributed in the turbulent flow tube, laying the foundation for the uniform sowing of the seed divider; and under the action of the airflow, it enters the sowing chamber 401 through the airflow delivery pipe. S30, the mixture of seeds and air impacts the seed separator and impeller 405, and the passive fan blades 406 are rotated by the airflow, thereby causing the seed clusters to form a discrete state. During the rotation, the passive fan blades 406 will continuously stratify the seed flow and carry it away from the cluster state and distribute it in a circular rotation; changing its original spatial aggregation position, thereby improving the uniformity of the seed airflow mixture in the circumferential space. S40. The mixture continues to move along the side wall of the seeding chamber 401, and finally passes through the seed outlet 404 and the sensor 5. The sensor 5 monitors the amount of seeds discharged from the seed outlet 404 in real time per unit time.

Claims

1. A centralized seeding device coupled with centrifugal diversion and pneumatic conveying, comprising a seeder (4), characterized in that, The seeder (4) includes a seeder cover (403), and the bottom side of the seeder cover (403) is provided with a seeding cavity (401) with a disc-shaped cross-section. The seeding chamber (401) is provided with a seeding disk (402) that can drive rotation. A central shaft is installed at the center of the lower surface of the seeding disk (402). An impeller (405) is rotatably installed on the central shaft. Several passive fan blades (406) are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the impeller (405). The lower surface of the seeding disc (402) is provided with a number of active fan blades (407) distributed around the impeller (405) in a circumferential direction, and the outer wall of the seeding cavity (401) is connected to a number of seed outlets (404) in a circumferential direction. The bottom center of the sorting chamber (401) is provided with an airflow delivery pipe.

2. The centralized seeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A drive shaft (2) is swivelly installed at the center of the top cover (403) of the seeder. The lower end of the drive shaft (2) extends into the seeding cavity (401) and is fixedly connected to the center of the upper surface of the seeding disc (402). A drive motor (1) is fixed above the top cover (403) of the seeder, and the output shaft of the drive motor (1) is connected to the upper end of the drive shaft (2) for transmission.

3. The centralized seeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The passive fan blade (406) is designed as a turbine blade, and the height of the turbine blade is trending from high inside to low outside.

4. The centralized seeding device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outer end of the central shaft is fixed with a seeding cover (408), which is a conical structure.

5. The centralized seeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The active fan blade (407) is a plate-shaped blade with an arc-shaped cross-section, and the arc-shaped opening of the plate-shaped blade is distributed unidirectionally along the circumference.

6. The centralized seeding device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The distribution of several active fan blades (407) is a 2-3 concentric circle array.

7. The centralized seeding device according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a turbulence generator (6), which includes a turbulence tube (601) and a turbulence rod (602). The upper end of the turbulence tube (601) is connected to the airflow delivery pipe. The turbulence rod (602) is installed inside the turbulence tube (601). Multiple turbulence fan blades (603) are fixed on the rod of the turbulence rod (602).

8. The centralized seeding device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The turbulence pipe (601) is a corrugated pipe. The upper and lower ends of the turbulence pipe (601) are respectively provided with fixing rings (604). The outer wall of the fixing ring (604) is fixed to the inner wall of the turbulence pipe (601) by multiple fixing rods (605). The upper and lower ends of the turbulence rod (602) are respectively rotatably connected to the two fixing rings (604). The turbulent fan blades (603) are distributed along a spiral line on the outer wall of the turbulent rod (602).

9. The centralized seeding device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Multiple seed outlets (404) are evenly distributed on the outer side wall of the seeding cavity (401) and tilted downwards.

10. A centralized sorting control method coupling centrifugal diversion and airflow transport, characterized in that, The method of seeding using the centralized seeding device according to any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: S10. Install the centralized seeding device on the seeder, install a sensor (5) that can monitor the number of seeds in each seed outlet (404), and connect each seed outlet (404) to the furrow opener of the seeder through a pipe. S20, The seeds and air form a mixture, and under the action of airflow, they enter the seeding chamber (401) through the airflow delivery pipe. S30, The mixture of seeds and air impacts the impeller (405) and drives the passive fan blades (406) to rotate through the airflow, thereby causing the seed cluster to form a discrete state. During the rotation, the passive fan blades (406) will continuously carry the seed flow away from the cluster state in layers and distribute it in a circular rotation. S40. The mixture continues to move along the side wall of the seeding chamber (401) and finally passes through the seed outlet (404) and the sensor (5). The sensor (5) monitors the amount of seeds discharged from the seed outlet (404) in real time per unit time. The consistency of seed discharge from each seed outlet (404) within the same time period is analyzed. When the consistency is within the set value range, the seed distribution plate (402) remains stationary. When the consistency exceeds the set value range, the seed distribution disc (402) is controlled to rotate the active fan blade (407) to redistribute the mixture of seeds and air in the radial space. The active fan blade (407) divides the radial space multiple times, thereby further improving the uniformity of the mixture in the radial space and ultimately improving the consistency of seed discharge from each seed outlet (404) of the seed distributor (4).

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