Solid waste harmless and recycling method and system based on multi-energy field cooperation and multi-source solid waste conditioning

Abstract

The invention discloses a solid waste harmlessness and recycling method and system based on multi-energy field cooperation and multi-source solid waste tempering, and the method comprises the steps: mixing a target main solid waste raw material with a liquid medium, adding a first-class alkaline solid waste conditioner, and carrying out high-pressure jet flow homogenization circulation treatment to obtain homogeneous slurry; transferring the homogenized slurry into a ball mill, adding a second type of solid waste-based conditioner for ball milling treatment, and realizing deep dissociation and stabilization of pollutants by utilizing a mechanochemical effect; transferring the ball-milled slurry into an ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower, adding the red mud slurry, and separating heavy metal enriched scum through the synergistic effect of ultrasonic cavitation and micro-nano bubbles; treating the separated three-phase system to obtain a top-layer heavy metal enrichment, a bottom-layer purified main solid waste matrix and an intermediate liquid phase, and carrying out chemical precipitation on the intermediate liquid phase to recover phosphorus and nitrogen elements. According to the invention, deep conversion and precise separation of industrial solid waste pollutants and high-value recovery of valuable components are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of solid waste treatment and resource utilization technology, and specifically relates to a method and system for the harmless treatment and resource utilization of solid waste based on multi-energy field synergy and multi-source solid waste conditioning. Background Technology

[0002] With rapid industrialization, the annual production of typical bulk industrial solid wastes such as phosphogypsum, red mud, and smelting slag is high, and their environmental risks and resource waste are becoming increasingly prominent. These solid wastes generally contain heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, and chromium, as well as harmful / valuable components such as fluorine and phosphorus, and their occurrence forms are complex—heavy metals often enter the mineral lattice in solid solution form or are densely encapsulated, making it difficult for conventional chemical stabilization or acid / alkali leaching techniques to completely release them, resulting in incomplete treatment and poor long-term stability. At the same time, the phosphorus, fluorine, and valuable metals in the solid wastes are of low grade and dispersed, lacking efficient selective separation and enrichment technologies, leading to poor economic efficiency in resource recovery.

[0003] Currently, solid waste treatment methods still have some limitations. For example, ball milling activation only improves reactivity and cannot achieve pollutant transformation; chemical stabilization or wet leaching processes consume large amounts of chemical reagents, have insufficient selectivity, and are prone to secondary pollution; high-temperature sintering or melting processes have high energy consumption and carbon emissions, and most treatment technologies operate in isolation, failing to construct a synergistic optimization path of "deep dissociation - efficient fixation - precise separation". In addition, most existing processes are designed only for single solid wastes, neglecting the complementarity of phases and components among multi-source solid wastes, making it difficult to achieve system integration of "waste-to-waste treatment".

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a multi-field coupled synergistic treatment technology that integrates mechanical chemical activation, directional phase change regulation, and interface selective separation. This technology can achieve deep immobilization of pollutants and high-value recovery of valuable components through physical crushing and chemical reconstruction, providing a systematic solution for the resource utilization and harmless treatment of all components of industrial solid waste. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for the harmless treatment and resource utilization of solid waste based on multi-energy field synergy and multi-source solid waste conditioning, so as to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this invention provides a method for the harmless treatment and resource utilization of solid waste based on multi-energy field synergy and multi-source solid waste conditioning. The method includes: S1, mixing the target main solid waste raw material with a liquid medium at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:3-1:8, adding a first type of alkaline solid waste conditioner, and performing high-pressure jet homogenization and circulation treatment under a pressure of 60-100 MPa to obtain a homogeneous slurry; S2, transferring the homogeneous slurry to a ball mill, adding grinding media, and adding a second type of solid waste conditioner during the ball milling process to obtain a ball-milled slurry; S3, transferring the ball-milled slurry to an ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower, adding red mud slurry, and introducing gas, obtaining a three-phase separation system under the synergistic effect of ultrasonic cavitation and micro / nano bubbles; S4, treating the three-phase separation system to obtain a top layer of heavy metal enrichment, a bottom layer of purified main solid waste matrix, and an intermediate liquid phase, and chemically precipitating and recovering phosphorus and nitrogen elements from the intermediate liquid phase.

[0007] In the first aspect, the first type of alkaline solid waste conditioner is steel slag or carbide slag; the amount of the first type of alkaline solid waste conditioner added is 5%-15% of the mass of the target main solid waste raw material.

[0008] In the first aspect, the second type of solid waste conditioning agent is steel slag powder or iron-manganese-containing waste residue; the amount of the second type of solid waste conditioning agent added is 3%-8% of the mass of the target main solid waste raw material.

[0009] In the first aspect, step S2 further includes: adding a chemical conditioning agent, which is a sulfide, during the ball milling process.

[0010] In the first aspect, in step S2, the milling media is zirconia balls; the milling process parameters include: a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1, a milling speed of 300-800 r / min, a milling time of 1-6 h, and a milling temperature of 20-60℃; the specific mechanical energy (SME) is 0.1-0.3 kWh / kg; the calculation expression for the specific mechanical energy (SME) is: , Where P is the net power of the ball mill, t is the ball milling time, and m is the mass of the target main solid waste raw material.

[0011] In the first aspect, step S3 further includes: adding a supplement, wherein the supplement is pentoxine or polyacrylamide, and the amount of the supplement added is 10-50 mg / L; the amount of the red mud slurry added is 2%-6% of the effective volume of the ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower.

[0012] In the first aspect, in step S3, the average diameter of the bubbles generated after the gas is introduced is less than 50 μm, and the ultrasonic frequency is 20-120 kHz.

[0013] In the first aspect, in step S4, the chemical precipitation recovery of phosphorus and nitrogen elements from the intermediate liquid phase includes: adjusting the pH of the intermediate liquid phase to 8.5-9.5, adding soluble magnesium salt and ammonium salt to react, resulting in solid precipitation, which is then filtered, washed, and dried to obtain struvite product; or, adjusting the pH of the intermediate liquid phase to 5.5-6.5, adding soluble calcium salt to react, resulting in solid precipitation, which is then filtered, washed, and dried to obtain calcium fluoride product.

[0014] The second aspect of this invention provides a multi-energy field synergistic solid waste deep treatment and resource recovery system, used to realize the solid waste harmlessness and resource utilization method based on multi-energy field synergy and multi-source solid waste conditioning as described in the first aspect. The system includes: a premixing and jet homogenizing unit, comprising a raw material silo, a premixing tank, a high-pressure plunger pump, and a jet homogenizer. The outlet of the raw material silo is connected to the inlet of the premixing tank, and the outlet of the premixing tank is connected to the inlet of the jet homogenizer via the high-pressure plunger pump. The raw material silo is used to store the target primary solid waste raw material. The target solid waste raw material and liquid medium are uniformly mixed in the premixing tank, and a first type of alkaline solid waste conditioner is added through the first feed port of the premixing tank; the mechanochemical activation and synchronous stabilization unit includes a ball mill and a second feeding device. The feed port of the ball mill is connected to the discharge port of the jet homogenizer through a pipeline, and the second feeding device is connected to the grinding chamber of the ball mill for conveying the second type of solid waste conditioner; the ultrasonic-microbubble synergistic separation and oxidation unit includes an ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower, and the feed of the ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower is... The outlet is connected to the discharge port of the ball mill via a pipeline. The ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower is divided into a top clarification zone, an intermediate separation zone, and a bottom reaction zone from top to bottom. A micro / nano bubble generator is installed in the bottom reaction zone to generate bubbles. A scum scraper is installed in the top clarification zone to scrape scum from the liquid surface. Several arrayed ultrasonic transducers are installed on the walls of the intermediate separation zone and the bottom reaction zone for ultrasonic cavitation. The three-phase separation post-treatment and recovery unit includes an intermediate buffer tank, a plate and frame filter press, and a dewatering device. The inlet of the storage tank is connected to the purified slurry outlet at the bottom of the ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower, and the outlet of the intermediate buffer tank is connected to the plate and frame filter press for separating the bottom purified main solid waste matrix and the intermediate liquid phase; the dewatering device is connected to the scum outlet at the top of the ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower for obtaining heavy metal enrichment; the central intelligent control unit is used to control the operation of the premixing and jet homogenization unit, the mechanochemical activation and synchronous stabilization unit, the ultrasonic-microbubble synergistic separation oxidation unit, and the three-phase separation post-treatment and recovery unit.

[0015] The third aspect of this invention provides the application of the solid waste harmlessness and resource utilization method based on multi-energy field synergy and multi-source solid waste conditioning described in the first aspect in the treatment of high water content organic sludge.

[0016] Beneficial effects: This invention provides a method for the harmless treatment and resource utilization of solid waste based on multi-energy field synergy and multi-source solid waste conditioning. First, the target main solid waste raw material and liquid medium are mixed, and a first-type alkaline solid waste conditioner is added. The mixture is then subjected to homogenization and circulation under a high-pressure jet. Under the strong shearing, cavitation, and impact of the high-pressure jet, the target main solid waste raw material undergoes large-particle crushing, deep homogenization, and initial stripping of surface-attached pollutants, creating an optimal initial force distribution and mixing state for subsequent micro-activation. Next, the homogenized slurry is transferred to a ball mill and grinding media are added, triggering a mechanochemical effect. This continuously exposes the newly formed surface, deeply disrupting the crystal structure of the target main solid waste raw material to release the encapsulated pollutants. Simultaneously, a second-type solid waste conditioner is added to achieve instantaneous stabilization and fixation of pollutants on the newly formed surface through in-situ chemical reactions. Finally, the ball-milled slurry is transferred... The mixture was transferred to an ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower, and red mud slurry was added. Simultaneously, gas was introduced to generate micro-nano bubbles, increasing the specific surface area and surface negative charge. Hydrophobic heavy metal particles were selectively adsorbed through electrostatic attraction or hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, the highly reactive free radicals generated under ultrasonic cavitation formed a cyclical chain reaction with the iron elements in the red mud slurry, achieving the oxidative removal of pollutants. Through the synergistic effect of ultrasonic cavitation, micro-nano bubbles, and red mud, selective enrichment and efficient separation of heavy metals were achieved, forming a solid-liquid-scum three-phase separation system, providing a foundation for subsequent precise fractional recovery. Finally, by processing the three-phase separation system, the top layer of heavy metal concentrate can be centrally disposed of as a metallurgical raw material, the bottom layer of purified solid waste can be used as a building material raw material, and the intermediate liquid phase can be chemically precipitated to prepare phosphorus and fluorine agricultural / chemical raw materials, realizing the resource-based recycling of various solid wastes. The method provided by this invention achieves the unity of thorough harmlessness and high-value resource utilization of industrial solid waste through the deep coupling of multiple energy fields of jet shearing-mechanical chemistry-ultrasonic cavitation-microbubble interface separation and the complementary conditioning principle of various solid wastes, providing a technical path for the collaborative treatment of industrial solid waste.

[0017] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and in order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for harmless treatment and resource utilization of solid waste based on multi-energy field synergy and multi-source solid waste conditioning in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-energy field synergistic solid waste deep treatment and resource recycling system in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-energy field synergistic solid waste deep treatment and resource recycling system in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower in this invention; Figure label: 1. Premixing and jet homogenizing unit; 11. Raw material silo; 12. Premixing tank; 13. High-pressure plunger pump; 14. Jet homogenizer; 2. Ball mill; 3. Ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower; 31. Top clarification zone; 32. Intermediate separation zone; 33. Bottom reaction zone; 34. Micro / nano bubble generator; 35. Scum scraper; 36. Ultrasonic transducer; 37. Purified slurry outlet; 38. Scum outlet; 4. Three-phase separation post-processing and recovery unit. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Throughout this specification, unless otherwise specified, the terminology used herein should be understood as having the meaning commonly used in the art. Therefore, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. In the event of any conflict, this specification shall prevail.

[0022] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in this invention can be obtained by purchasing them from the market or by existing methods.

[0023] Example 1 Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a method for the harmless treatment and resource utilization of solid waste based on multi-energy field synergy and multi-source solid waste conditioning. The method includes: S1, mixing the target main solid waste raw material with a liquid medium at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:3-1:8, adding a first type of alkaline solid waste conditioner, and performing high-pressure jet homogenization and circulation treatment under a pressure of 60-100MPa to obtain a homogeneous slurry; S2, transferring the homogeneous slurry to a ball mill, adding grinding media, and adding a second type of solid waste conditioner during the ball milling process to obtain a ball-milled slurry; S3, transferring the ball-milled slurry to an ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower, adding red mud slurry, and introducing gas, obtaining a three-phase separation system under the synergistic effect of ultrasonic cavitation and micro-nano bubbles; S4, treating the three-phase separation system to obtain a top layer of heavy metal enrichment, a bottom layer of purified main solid waste matrix, and an intermediate liquid phase, and chemically precipitating and recovering phosphorus and nitrogen elements from the intermediate liquid phase.

[0024] Specifically, this invention provides a method for the harmless treatment and resource utilization of solid waste based on multi-energy field synergy and multi-source solid waste conditioning. First, the target primary solid waste raw material and liquid medium are mixed, and a first-type alkaline solid waste conditioner is added. The mixture is then placed under a high-pressure jet for homogenization and circulation treatment. Under the strong shearing, cavitation, and impact of the high-pressure jet, the target primary solid waste raw material undergoes large-particle crushing, deep homogenization, and initial stripping of surface-attached pollutants, creating an optimal initial force distribution and mixing state for subsequent micro-activation. Next, the homogenized slurry is transferred to a ball mill and grinding media are added, triggering a mechanochemical effect. This continuously exposes the newly formed surface, deeply disrupting the crystal structure of the target primary solid waste raw material to release the encapsulated pollutants. Simultaneously, a second-type solid waste conditioner is added to achieve instantaneous stabilization and fixation of pollutants on the newly formed surface through in-situ chemical reactions. Finally, the ball mill slurry... The material is transferred to an ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower, and red mud slurry is added. At the same time, gas is introduced to generate micro-nano bubbles to increase the specific surface area and surface negative charge. Hydrophobic heavy metal particles are selectively adsorbed through electrostatic attraction or hydrophobic interaction. The highly active free radicals generated under the ultrasonic cavitation effect form a cyclic chain reaction with the iron element in the red mud slurry, realizing the oxidative removal of pollutants. Through the synergistic effect of ultrasonic cavitation, micro-nano bubbles, and red mud, selective enrichment and efficient separation of heavy metals are achieved, forming a solid-liquid-scum three-phase separation system, which provides a foundation for subsequent precise fractional recovery. Finally, by processing the three-phase separation system, the top layer of heavy metal concentrate can be centrally disposed of as a metallurgical raw material, the bottom layer of purified main solid waste matrix can be used as a building material raw material, and the middle liquid phase can be chemically precipitated to prepare phosphorus and fluorine agricultural / chemical raw materials, realizing the resource recycling of various solid wastes. The method provided by this invention achieves the unity of thorough harmlessness and high-value resource utilization of industrial solid waste through the deep coupling of multiple energy fields of jet shearing-mechanical chemistry-ultrasonic cavitation-microbubble interface separation and the complementary conditioning principle of various solid wastes, providing a technical path for the collaborative treatment of industrial solid waste.

[0025] In some possible implementations, the first type of alkaline solid waste conditioner is steel slag or carbide slag; the amount of the first type of alkaline solid waste conditioner added is 5%-15% of the mass of the target main solid waste raw material.

[0026] Specifically, the alkalinity of carbide slag or steel slag is utilized to initially adjust the pH of the slurry during the high-pressure jet homogenization and circulation treatment stage, providing an alkaline environment for subsequent reactions. Simultaneously, the first type of alkaline solid waste conditioner also provides a calcium and magnesium source, participating in the subsequent precipitation reaction, achieving "waste-to-waste treatment" and reducing reagent costs.

[0027] In some possible implementations, the second type of solid waste conditioning agent is steel slag powder or iron-manganese-containing waste residue; the amount of the second type of solid waste conditioning agent added is 3%-8% of the mass of the target main solid waste raw material.

[0028] In some possible implementations, step S2 further includes adding a chemical conditioning agent, which is a sulfide, during the ball milling process.

[0029] In this application, during the ball milling stage, the second type of solid waste-based conditioner not only provides an alkaline environment, but its iron and manganese components are also activated under mechanical force, catalyzing the generation of free radicals and enhancing the oxidative removal of pollutants. Simultaneously, the sulfide conditioner can react with heavy metals to form more stable sulfide precipitates, improving the stabilization effect.

[0030] In some possible implementations, in step S2, the milling media are zirconia balls; the milling process parameters include: a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1, a milling speed of 300-800 r / min, a milling time of 1-6 h, and a milling temperature of 20-60℃; the specific mechanical energy (SME) is 0.1-0.3 kWh / kg; the calculation expression for the specific mechanical energy (SME) is: , Where P is the net power of the ball mill, t is the ball milling time, and m is the mass of the target main solid waste raw material.

[0031] In this application, the ball milling process parameters are defined. More importantly, the specific mechanical energy (SME) is an optimized parameter that can evaluate the ball milling effect. When the SME value is too low, it is impossible to effectively break down the crystal lattice and release contaminants; when the SME value is too high, the energy consumption is too high and it may damage the already formed stable structure. Within this range, both the deep dissociation and stabilization of contaminants can be guaranteed, and the optimal balance between energy consumption and efficiency can be achieved.

[0032] In specific embodiments, the mechanical energy input by the grinding media directly acts on the solid waste particles, triggering a mechanochemical effect. The process can be summarized as follows: (1) Mechanochemical lattice destruction: In the ball milling process, not only can the homogeneous slurry be crushed, but the lattice chemical bonds can also be destroyed by the input of mechanical energy, so that the encapsulated pollutants are forcibly released. At the same time, the newly formed surface provides reaction sites for in-situ stabilization, which can reduce the activation energy of subsequent chemical reactions; (2) Heavy metal precipitation and fixation: The released heavy metal ions form hydroxide precipitates in an alkaline environment, and can also generate more stable sulfide precipitates under the action of sulfides; at the same time, the released fluoride ions can form calcium fluoride precipitates, and the released phosphate ions can form hydroxyapatite; (3) Multi-source solid waste conditioning: Different solid wastes play specific functions in corresponding stages - carbide slag / steel slag provides an alkaline environment and calcium and magnesium sources to promote precipitation; and combined with the iron and aluminum components in the subsequent red mud slurry, hydroxyl radicals are generated under ultrasonic catalysis to achieve advanced oxidation. This process can be quantified by specific mechanical energy, that is, the activation and stabilization depth can be precisely controlled by controlling SME.

[0033] In some possible implementations, step S3 further includes: adding a supplement, which is pentyroxanthate or polyacrylamide, and the amount of the supplement added is 10-50 mg / L; the amount of the red mud slurry added is 2%-6% of the effective volume of the ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower.

[0034] In this application, the supplement can be pentyroxanone or polyacrylamide. Using pentyroxanone as a collector allows for selective adsorption onto the surface of stabilized heavy metal precipitates, making them hydrophobic. This change in surface properties significantly enhances the capture and adhesion ability of micro / nanobubbles to heavy metal particles, thereby significantly improving the selectivity and efficiency of air flotation separation and achieving highly efficient enrichment of heavy metals. Using polyacrylamide as a flocculant can improve dewatering properties, which is beneficial for its application in the treatment of sludge with high water content.

[0035] In addition, under ultrasonic cavitation, the iron and aluminum oxides in red mud can efficiently catalyze the generation of hydroxyl radicals, forming a Fenton-like reaction, which enhances the degradation of organic pollutants and the conversion of heavy metals in specific valence states. At the same time, red mud itself also has certain pH adjustment and adsorption effects.

[0036] In some possible implementations, in step S3, the average diameter of the bubbles generated after the gas is introduced is less than 50 μm, and the ultrasonic frequency is 20-120 kHz.

[0037] In this application, micro- and nanobubbles possess characteristics such as large specific surface area, slow rising velocity, and long residence time, which greatly increases the probability of collision and adhesion with target particles (such as stabilized heavy metal precipitates), thereby significantly improving the separation efficiency and enrichment ratio of heavy metals. At ultrasonic frequencies of 20-120 kHz, micro- and nanobubbles can act as cavitation nuclei, more easily undergoing cavitation effects in the acoustic field, generating extreme conditions of local high temperature and high pressure, thus efficiently generating hydroxyl radicals (·OH), enhancing the degradation ability of organic pollutants. The ultrasonic cavitation effect not only enhances the oxidation reaction, but the generated microjets and shock waves can also disrupt the liquid film between bubbles and particles, promoting the adhesion of micro- and nanobubbles to hydrophobic particles, achieving deep coupling and mutual promotion of the two processes of "oxidative degradation" and "air flotation separation." By controlling the bubble size to the micro- and nanoscale (<50 μm) and combining it with ultrasound at a specific frequency (20-120 kHz), a highly efficient "physical field-chemical field" synergistic environment is created. In this environment, micro- and nano-bubbles serve as both efficient separation tools and catalysts that enhance oxidation reactions; while ultrasound provides the energy to drive the oxidation reaction and promote the separation process. Together, they achieve efficient removal of pollutants and efficient recovery of resources.

[0038] In some possible implementations, in step S4, the chemical precipitation recovery of phosphorus and nitrogen from the intermediate liquid phase includes: adjusting the pH of the intermediate liquid phase to 8.5-9.5, adding soluble magnesium salt and ammonium salt to react, resulting in solid precipitation, which is then filtered, washed, and dried to obtain struvite product; or, adjusting the pH of the intermediate liquid phase to 5.5-6.5, adding soluble calcium salt to react, resulting in solid precipitation, which is then filtered, washed, and dried to obtain calcium fluoride product.

[0039] In this application, the pH of the intermediate liquid phase is adjusted to 8.5-9.5, and soluble magnesium and ammonium salts are added. These react with phosphate ions in the liquid phase to form struvite precipitate (MgNH4PO4·6H2O), a slow-release fertilizer with high economic value. The pH of the intermediate liquid phase is adjusted to 5.5-6.5, and soluble calcium salts are added. These react with fluoride ions in the liquid phase to form calcium fluoride precipitate, an important chemical raw material. This application, through stepwise pH adjustment and the addition of specific precipitants, converts valuable elements such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and fluorine in the intermediate liquid phase into struvite and calcium fluoride products, respectively, achieving the dual goals of pollutant neutralization and resource recovery.

[0040] Example 2 Please see Figure 2-4This invention provides a multi-energy field synergistic solid waste deep treatment and resource recovery system, used to realize the solid waste harmlessness and resource utilization method based on multi-energy field synergy and multi-source solid waste conditioning as described in the first aspect. The system includes: a premixing and jet homogenizing unit 1, including a raw material silo 11, a premixing tank 12, a high-pressure plunger pump 13, and a jet homogenizer 14. The outlet of the raw material silo 11 is connected to the inlet of the premixing tank 12, and the outlet of the premixing tank 12 is connected to the inlet of the jet homogenizer 14 through the high-pressure plunger pump 13. The raw material silo 11 is used to store the target main solid waste raw material. The target primary solid waste raw material and liquid medium are uniformly mixed in the premixing tank 12, and a first type of alkaline solid waste conditioner is added through the first feeding port of the premixing tank 12; the mechanochemical activation and synchronous stabilization unit includes a ball mill 2 and a second feeding device. The inlet of the ball mill 2 is connected to the outlet of the jet homogenizer 14 through a pipeline, and the second feeding device is connected to the grinding chamber of the ball mill 2 for conveying the second type of solid waste conditioner; the ultrasonic-microbubble synergistic separation and oxidation unit includes an ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower 3, the feed of the ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower 3 is... The outlet is connected to the discharge port of the ball mill 2 via a pipeline. The ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower 3 is divided into a top clarification zone 31, an intermediate separation zone 32, and a bottom reaction zone 33 from top to bottom. The bottom reaction zone 33 is equipped with a micro-nano bubble generator 34 for generating bubbles. The top clarification zone 31 is equipped with a scum scraper 35 for scraping scum from the liquid surface. Several arrayed ultrasonic transducers 36 are installed on the walls of the intermediate separation zone 32 and the bottom reaction zone 33 for ultrasonic cavitation. The three-phase separation post-treatment and recovery unit 4 includes an intermediate buffer tank, a plate and frame filter press, and a desulfurization unit. The water system includes: an intermediate buffer tank whose inlet is connected to the purified slurry outlet 37 at the bottom of the ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower, and an outlet connected to the plate and frame filter press, used to separate the bottom purified main solid waste matrix and the intermediate liquid phase; a dewatering device connected to the scum outlet 38 at the top of the ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower, used to obtain heavy metal enrichment; and a central intelligent control unit used to control the operation of the premixing and jet homogenization unit 1, the mechanochemical activation and synchronous stabilization unit, the ultrasonic-microbubble synergistic separation oxidation unit, and the three-phase separation post-treatment and recovery unit 4.

[0041] Specifically, this invention provides a multi-field synergistic solid waste deep treatment and resource recovery system. The premixing and jet homogenization unit 1 achieves high-uniformity slurrying of solid waste raw materials and liquid media, and simultaneously introduces a first-type alkaline solid waste conditioner to effectively adjust the system pH and inhibit the leaching of harmful ions. Subsequent high-pressure jet homogenization generates strong shearing and cavitation effects, initially breaking up agglomerates and exposing reactive sites. Then, the system enters a mechanochemical activation and simultaneous stabilization unit, where a second-type solid waste conditioner (such as red mud or steel slag) is introduced during ball milling. Through mechanically induced solid-phase reactions, in-situ lattice solidification of heavy metals and reconstruction of the aluminosilicate network are achieved, significantly reducing their leaching toxicity and enhancing the stability of the main solid waste matrix. The key innovation lies in the ultrasonic-microbubble synergistic separation and oxidation unit—utilizing the combined effect of array-type ultrasonic cavitation and micro / nano bubbles, the oxidation reaction is enhanced in the bottom reaction zone 33, promoting the co-precipitation of heavy metals; the intermediate separation zone 32 achieves the flotation of light, heavy metal-rich components through selective bubble-particle adhesion; and the top clarification zone 31 uses a scum scraper 35 to continuously collect the enriched phase, thereby achieving efficient separation of heavy metals from the main solid waste. Finally, the three-phase separation post-treatment and recovery unit 4 completes the three-way diversion of the purified main solid waste matrix (recovered by pressure filtration for use as building material raw materials), the intermediate liquid phase (recovered to prepare struvite and calcium fluoride), and the heavy metal concentrate (dehydrated for targeted resource utilization or safe disposal). In addition, by setting up a central intelligent control unit to regulate the parameters of each unit in real time (such as pH, ORP, temperature, pressure, flow rate, and liquid level), the treatment process is dynamically optimized and operated stably. This invention constructs a highly efficient and integrated multi-energy field synergistic solid waste deep treatment and resource recycling system. Through a closed-loop design of the entire process of "premixing and homogenization - mechanochemical activation - ultrasonic-microbubble synergistic enhanced separation - three-phase precise fractionation and recycling", it significantly improves the dissociation efficiency of valuable components in solid waste and the directional enrichment capacity of heavy metals.

[0042] Furthermore, the central intelligent control unit includes a PLC / DCS controller, a sensor network, and a human-machine interface. The sensor network is used to monitor pH, ORP, temperature, pressure, flow rate, and liquid level.

[0043] It should be noted that since this second embodiment and the first embodiment are embodiments under the same inventive concept and their structures are completely identical, the structures in the second embodiment that are substantially the same as those in the first embodiment will not be described in detail. For the parts not described in detail, please refer to the first embodiment.

[0044] Example 3 This embodiment provides specific operational steps for processing phosphogypsum using the method and system of the present invention: (1) Experimental materials and system configuration The target primary solid waste raw materials are phosphogypsum (with the following percentage contents: Pb 0.15%, Cd 0.05%, total P 1.2%, total F 0.8%), calcium carbide slag (CaO > 65%), and steel slag powder (specific surface area > 400 m²). 2 / kg), red mud (Fe2O3>25%).

[0045] According to Example 2 and Appendix Figure 2-3 A processing system was constructed, in which the pressure of the jet homogenizer was 70 MPa; the effective volume of the ball mill was 10 L; and the ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower had a diameter of 200 mm, a height of 1200 mm, and an ultrasonic power density of 0.5 W / mL.

[0046] (2) Process steps and operating parameters Step 1: Premixing and jet homogenization activation section Phosphogypsum and deionized water were mixed at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5. Calcium carbide slag of 10% of the phosphogypsum mass was added and stirred in a premixing tank for 10 minutes. Then, the mixture was pumped into a jet homogenizer and subjected to high-pressure jet homogenization circulation treatment at 70 MPa for 15 minutes to obtain a homogenized slurry.

[0047] Step 2: Ball Mill Activation and Synchronization Stabilization Section The homogeneous slurry was transferred into a ball mill, and zirconia balls (ball-to-material ratio 10:1) were added. At the same time, 5% by weight of steel slag powder was added through a second feeding device for wet ball milling. The ball mill speed was set to 400 rpm and the temperature was controlled below 60℃. The ball milling time was 2 hours to obtain the ball milled material.

[0048] Step 3: Ultrasonic-Micro / Nano Bubble Synergistic Separation and Enrichment Section The ball milling material was pumped into an ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower, and air was introduced into the bottom of the tower (flow rate 1 L / min). Micro-nano bubbles (average diameter approximately 30 μm) were generated by a rotary shearing generator (micro-nano bubble generator). The ultrasonic transducer (frequency 40 kHz, total power 500 W) was started, and red mud slurry (solid content 10%) and collector pentyroxanthate (10 mg / L) were added to the effective volume of the ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower. After 30 min of reaction separation, a three-phase separation system was obtained, and a distinct black scum layer was observed on the liquid surface.

[0049] Step 4: Product Separation and Recovery The three-phase separation system was treated by collecting surface scum using a scum scraper and dewatering it using a small centrifuge to obtain a heavy metal concentrate (moisture content of approximately 30%). The purified slurry from the bottom of the tower was separated by a plate and frame filter press to obtain a purified phosphogypsum filter cake (moisture content of approximately 25%). The filtrate (approximately 8 L) was collected, and the total phosphorus concentration was measured to be 620 mg / L and the fluorine concentration to be 480 mg / L. Phosphorus recovery: Take 4L of filtrate, adjust the pH to 9.0 with NaOH, add MgCl2 and NH4Cl at a Mg:N:P molar ratio of 1.2:1:1, stir and react for 1 hour, filter the precipitate, wash with water and dry at 60℃ to obtain struvite product.

[0050] Fluorine recovery: Take 4L of filtrate, adjust the pH value to 6.0 with HCl, add CaCl2 at a Ca:F molar ratio of 1.1:1, stir and react for 30 minutes, and then filter, wash with water and dry at 60℃ to obtain calcium fluoride product.

[0051] (3) Performance testing and result analysis To assess the stabilization efficiency, the purified phosphogypsum filter cake was subjected to TCLP toxicity leaching test, and the results are shown in Table 1 below. All indicators were far below the limits of the national standard "Pollution Control Standard for Hazardous Waste Landfill" (GB 18598-2019), meeting the requirements for general industrial solid waste.

[0052] Table 1. TCLP toxicity leaching test results of purified phosphogypsum filter cake To evaluate the heavy metal enrichment effect, the composition of the heavy metal enrichment scum was analyzed. It was found that the heavy metals were enriched by more than 20 times in the scum, as shown in Table 2, which greatly reduced the amount of subsequent disposal or increased the recovery value.

[0053] Table 2 Element enrichment efficiency in heavy metal concentrates The energy input was quantitatively analyzed. Based on the ball milling process parameters (net power of ball mill P=320W, ball milling time t=2h=7200s, mass of processed material m=2.5kg), the specific mechanical energy was calculated according to the following formula. This SME value achieved a good balance between high-efficiency activation and energy consumption.

[0054] .

[0055] Subsequently, the phosphorus and fluorine recovery efficiency was evaluated: Regarding phosphorus recovery, the initial filtrate total phosphorus C0(P) = 620 mg / L, and the supernatant after precipitation C... e (P) = 18 mg / L, therefore the phosphorus recovery rate is 97.1%, higher than the efficiency reported in most studies; regarding fluorine recovery, the initial fluorine concentration C0(F) = 480 mg / L, and after precipitation C e With (F) = 25 mg / L, the fluorine recovery rate is 94.8%, which is higher than the efficiency reported in most studies.

[0056] Example 4 This embodiment provides specific operational steps for treating high-moisture-content organic sludge using the method and system of the present invention: (1) Experimental materials and process parameters The solid waste to be treated is residual sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (moisture content approximately 98%, organic matter dry weight content approximately 60%, difficult to dewater); the first type of alkaline solid waste conditioner is alumina red mud; the second type of solid waste base conditioner is steel slag powder; persulfate; red mud (Fe2O3>25%).

[0057] According to Example 2 and Appendix Figure 2-3 A processing system was constructed, in which the pressure of the jet homogenizer was controlled at 90 MPa; the effective volume of the ball mill was 10 L; and the ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower had a diameter of 200 mm, a height of 1200 mm, and an ultrasonic power density of 0.9 W / mL.

[0058] (2) Process steps and operating parameters Step 1: Premixing and jet homogenization activation section High-moisture sludge was directly mixed with 5% alumina red mud by mass, stirred in a premixing tank for 10 minutes, and then pumped into a jet homogenizer. High-pressure jet homogenization and circulation treatment was carried out at 90 MPa for 20 minutes to initially break down the sludge floc structure and obtain homogenized slurry.

[0059] Step 2: Ball Mill Activation and Synchronization Stabilization Section The homogeneous slurry was transferred into a ball mill, and zirconia balls were added (ball-to-material ratio 10:1). Simultaneously, 3% by dry weight of high-moisture sludge steel slag powder and 0.5% by dry weight of sodium persulfate were added through a second feeding device for wet ball milling. The steel slag powder provided an iron source, which activated the persulfate under the mechanochemical action of ball milling, generating sulfate free radicals and enhancing the oxidation and decomposition of organic matter. The ball mill speed was set to 350 rpm, and the temperature was controlled below 60℃. The ball milling time was 1.5 hours (specific mechanical energy SME is approximately 0.20 kWh / kg) to obtain the ball milled material.

[0060] Step 3: Ultrasonic-Micro / Nano Bubble Synergistic Separation and Enrichment Section The ball milling material was pumped into an ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower. An ozone-oxygen mixture (flow rate 1 L / min) was introduced into the bottom of the tower, and micro-nano bubbles (average diameter approximately 30 μm) were generated by a rotary shear generator (micro-nano bubble generator). The ultrasonic transducer (frequency 40 kHz, total power 500 W) was started, and 2% of the effective volume of the ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower of red mud slurry (solid content 10%) and cationic polyacrylamide flocculant (50 mg / L) were added. After 40 min of reaction separation, the recalcitrant organic matter was deeply mineralized, and at the same time, dense flocs that are easy to dehydrate were formed.

[0061] Step 4: Solid-liquid separation After the reaction, the purified slurry from the bottom of the tower is fed into a plate and frame filter press for dewatering to obtain filter cake and filtrate.

[0062] (3) Performance testing and result analysis The organic matter leaching effect was analyzed by chemical oxygen demand (COD): the COD of the supernatant before treatment was approximately 1500 mg / L, and the COD of the supernatant after treatment was... e Approximately 10000 mg / L; and the organic matter leaching rate is calculated using the formula: Organic matter leaching rate = [(COD...]]. e ×V e The organic matter dissolution rate was calculated to be 68.5%, which is far higher than that of traditional conditioning (<30%) and ultrasound alone (approximately 45%).

[0063] Regarding dewatering performance, the sludge before treatment, after direct filter pressing, had a cake moisture content greater than 75%. After treatment in this embodiment, the filter cake moisture content was 38.2%, far below the requirement of less than 60% moisture content in the "Sludge for Mixed Landfill Disposal of Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants" (GB / T23485-2009), and even meeting the advanced requirement of partial building material utilization (moisture content <40%). Therefore, the dewatering rate improvement = [(original sludge moisture content - treated cake moisture content) / original sludge moisture content] × 100% ≈ 61%.

[0064] This embodiment demonstrates that by adjusting the type of conditioning agent (such as using alumina red mud or persulfate) and process parameters (increasing pressure and ultrasonic intensity), the system of the present invention can successfully switch to treating high-moisture organic solid waste, and the core function can be flexibly switched from "heavy metal stabilization" to "organic matter cell wall breaking and deep dehydration".

[0065] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) Method-system integrated innovation: For the first time, a process method and supporting integrated system covering the entire chain of "pre-activation-deep activation / stabilization-synergistic oxidation / separation-resource recovery" were proposed and designed, forming a systematic solution that can be implemented industrially.

[0066] (2) Innovation of deep coupling of multiple energy fields: In terms of method and system design, the organic integration and sequential coupling of four physical fields / effects, namely "jet shearing", "mechanical chemistry", "ultrasonic cavitation" and "microbubble interface separation", have been realized, resulting in high energy utilization efficiency and comprehensive processing dimensions.

[0067] (3) Innovation of multi-solid waste co-treatment and functional utilization: The method and strategy of "segmented quality adjustment and waste treatment" was proposed, and a corresponding precision dosing system was designed in the system to transform various solid wastes such as carbide slag, steel slag, and red mud into functional materials such as pH adjuster, stabilizer, and catalyst, realizing the co-treatment and resource recycling of various solid wastes in the region.

[0068] (4) Innovation of endogenous advanced oxidation system: The method and system creatively couple ultrasonic cavitation and red mud catalyst, and construct an "endogenous advanced oxidation system based on solid waste catalyst" in situ in the separation unit. It can efficiently degrade organic pollutants or convert heavy metals of specific valence states without or with only a small amount of exogenous oxidant, thus expanding the scope of technology application.

[0069] (5) Full-scale resource recycling and intelligent control: The system terminal produces three resource-based products: purified matrix (building material raw materials), heavy metal concentrate (hazardous waste / metallurgical raw materials), and phosphorus and fluorine chemicals (agricultural / chemical raw materials). The entire process is accurately, stably, and automatically operated through the central control system, resulting in significant economic and environmental benefits.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit it. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. All should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0071] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A method for the harmless treatment and resource utilization of solid waste based on multi-energy field synergy and multi-source solid waste conditioning, characterized in that, The method includes: S1. Mix the target solid waste raw material with the liquid medium at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:3-1:8, add the first type of alkaline solid waste conditioner, and perform high-pressure jet homogenization and circulation treatment under a pressure of 60-100MPa to obtain a homogeneous slurry. S2. Transfer the homogeneous slurry to a ball mill, add grinding media, and add a second type of solid waste conditioning agent during the ball milling process to obtain a ball milled slurry; S3. The ball-milled slurry is transferred to an ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower, red mud slurry is added, and gas is introduced. Under the synergistic effect of ultrasonic cavitation and micro-nano bubbles, a three-phase separation system is obtained. S4. The three-phase separation system is processed to obtain a top layer of heavy metal enrichment, a bottom layer of purified main solid waste matrix and an intermediate liquid phase, and phosphorus and nitrogen elements are recovered by chemical precipitation of the intermediate liquid phase.

2. The method for harmless treatment and resource utilization of solid waste based on multi-energy field synergy and multi-source solid waste conditioning according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first type of alkaline solid waste conditioner is steel slag or carbide slag; the amount of the first type of alkaline solid waste conditioner added is 5%-15% of the mass of the target main solid waste raw material.

3. The method for harmless treatment and resource utilization of solid waste based on multi-energy field synergy and multi-source solid waste conditioning according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second type of solid waste conditioning agent is steel slag powder or iron-manganese-containing waste residue; the amount of the second type of solid waste conditioning agent added is 3%-8% of the mass of the target main solid waste raw material.

4. The method for harmless treatment and resource utilization of solid waste based on multi-energy field synergy and multi-source solid waste conditioning according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2 further includes adding a chemical conditioner, which is a sulfide, during the ball milling process.

5. The method for harmless treatment and resource utilization of solid waste based on multi-energy field synergy and multi-source solid waste conditioning according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the milling media are zirconia balls; the milling process parameters include: a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1, a milling speed of 300-800 r / min, a milling time of 1-6 h, and a milling temperature of 20-60℃; the specific mechanical energy (SME) is 0.1-0.3 kWh / kg; the calculation expression for the specific mechanical energy (SME) is: ， Where P is the net power of the ball mill, t is the ball milling time, and m is the mass of the target main solid waste raw material.

6. The method for harmless treatment and resource utilization of solid waste based on multi-energy field synergy and multi-source solid waste conditioning according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 further includes: adding a supplement, wherein the supplement is pentyroxen or polyacrylamide, and the amount of the supplement added is 10-50 mg / L; the amount of the red mud slurry added is 2%-6% of the effective volume of the ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower.

7. The method for harmless treatment and resource utilization of solid waste based on multi-energy field synergy and multi-source solid waste conditioning according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the average diameter of the bubbles generated after the gas is introduced is less than 50 μm, and the ultrasonic frequency is 20-120 kHz.

8. The method for harmless treatment and resource utilization of solid waste based on multi-energy field synergy and multi-source solid waste conditioning according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the chemical precipitation recovery of phosphorus and nitrogen from the intermediate liquid phase includes: The pH of the intermediate liquid phase is adjusted to 8.5-9.5, soluble magnesium salt and ammonium salt are added to react, and solid precipitates out. After filtration, washing and drying, struvite product is obtained. or, The pH of the intermediate liquid phase is adjusted to 5.5-6.5, and soluble calcium salt is added to react. A solid precipitates out, and after filtration, washing, and drying, calcium fluoride product is obtained.

9. A multi-energy field synergistic solid waste deep treatment and resource recovery system, used to realize the solid waste harmlessness and resource utilization method based on multi-energy field synergy and multi-source solid waste conditioning as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The system includes: A premixing and jet homogenizing unit includes a raw material silo, a premixing tank, a high-pressure plunger pump, and a jet homogenizer. The outlet of the raw material silo is connected to the inlet of the premixing tank, and the outlet of the premixing tank is connected to the inlet of the jet homogenizer via the high-pressure plunger pump. The raw material silo is used to store the target primary solid waste raw material. The target primary solid waste raw material and the liquid medium are mixed evenly in the premixing tank, and a first type of alkaline solid waste conditioner is added through the first feed port of the premixing tank. The mechanochemical activation and synchronous stabilization unit includes a ball mill and a second feeding device. The feed inlet of the ball mill is connected to the discharge outlet of the jet homogenizer via a pipeline. The second feeding device is connected to the grinding chamber of the ball mill and is used to transport the second type of solid waste base conditioner. An ultrasonic-microbubble synergistic separation and oxidation unit includes an ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower. The inlet of the ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower is connected to the outlet of the ball mill via a pipeline. The ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower is divided into a top clarification zone, an intermediate separation zone, and a bottom reaction zone from top to bottom. A micro / nano bubble generator is installed in the bottom reaction zone to generate bubbles. A scum scraper is installed in the top clarification zone to scrape scum from the liquid surface. Several arrayed ultrasonic transducers are installed on the walls of the intermediate separation zone and the bottom reaction zone for ultrasonic cavitation. The three-phase separation and post-processing recovery unit includes an intermediate buffer tank, a plate and frame filter press, and a dewatering device. The inlet of the intermediate buffer tank is connected to the purified slurry outlet at the bottom of the ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower, and the outlet of the intermediate buffer tank is connected to the plate and frame filter press. It is used to separate the bottom purified main solid waste matrix and the intermediate liquid phase. The dewatering device is connected to the scum outlet at the top of the ultrasonic-microbubble reaction separation tower. It is used to obtain heavy metal concentrates. The central intelligent control unit is used to control the operation of the premixing and jet homogenization unit, the mechanochemical activation and synchronous stabilization unit, the ultrasonic-microbubble synergistic separation and oxidation unit, and the three-phase separation post-treatment and recovery unit.

10. The application of the solid waste harmlessness and resource utilization method based on multi-energy field synergy and multi-source solid waste conditioning as described in any one of claims 1-8 in the treatment of high water content organic sludge.

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