Damper and method of operation thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of engineering elements, and particularly relates to a damper and a working method thereof. The damper comprises: a piston disc, which is slidably arranged in a hydraulic cylinder to divide the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder into two working cavities; a piston rod, a compression load variable-diameter sleeve, which is slidably sleeved on the piston rod and located between a front cylinder cover and the piston disc; and a tension load variable-diameter sleeve, which is slidably sleeved on the piston rod and located between a rear cylinder cover and the piston disc. The outer diameters of the compression load variable-diameter sleeve and the tension load variable-diameter sleeve are both greater than the outer diameter of the piston rod, and the compression load variable-diameter sleeve is in sliding sealing cooperation with the front cylinder cover, and the tension load variable-diameter sleeve is in sliding sealing cooperation with the rear cylinder cover. When the damper is subjected to external load, the compression load variable-diameter sleeve or the tension load variable-diameter sleeve can slide into the corresponding working cavity, and the support force and the self-recovery force to the outside are generated through the pressure change of the hydraulic medium in the working cavity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of engineering components technology, specifically relating to dampers, and more particularly to dampers and their working methods. Background Technology

[0002] Hydraulic dampers, as effective shock absorption and energy dissipation components, have been widely used in power, transportation, and construction industries. Their basic working principle is to utilize the throttling resistance generated when liquid flows through a damping valve to dissipate impact energy, thereby suppressing vibration.

[0003] In related technologies, hydraulic dampers primarily bear dynamic impact and vibration loads, while the static self-weight and normal operating loads of the equipment are borne by independent support elements (such as rigid supports or spring supports). However, in certain special application scenarios, such as vehicle chassis, ship cabins, or precision equipment instrument compartments where space is limited, system designers urgently need to integrate structural load support and dynamic damping functions into a single unit to simplify the structure and save space. Furthermore, under certain operating conditions, it is required that the support elements automatically return to their initial position after the impact load disappears, i.e., possessing both damping and self-resetting functions.

[0004] Currently, a common technical solution to address these needs is to integrate a mechanical spring inside the hydraulic damper. The spring provides static support to bear the weight of the equipment and provides restoring force to reset the damper after it has actuated. However, this solution has significant drawbacks: First, the size and stroke of the spring are strictly limited by the internal space of the damper's hydraulic chamber, resulting in relatively low load-bearing capacity and stiffness. Second, the spring itself has a compression height; to achieve sufficient stroke and stiffness, it is often necessary to increase the overall dimensions of the damper (such as outer diameter and installation length), which contradicts the design requirements of miniaturization and compactness, creating an irreconcilable conflict between miniaturization and high stiffness / load capacity.

[0005] Therefore, how to achieve the coexistence of support and recovery functions in hydraulic dampers while maintaining miniaturization is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field.

[0006] It should be noted that the information disclosed in this background section is only for understanding the background technology of this application concept, and therefore, the above description is not considered to constitute information related to the technology. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This disclosure provides at least one damper and its operating method.

[0008] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a damper, comprising:

[0009] A hydraulic cylinder, which is filled with hydraulic fluid;

[0010] The piston disc is slidably disposed inside the hydraulic cylinder, dividing the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder into two working chambers;

[0011] A piston rod, one end of which is connected to the piston disc, and the other end of which extends out of the front cylinder cover of the hydraulic cylinder;

[0012] Also includes:

[0013] A compression bearing variable diameter sleeve is slidably sleeved on the piston rod and located between the front cylinder head and the piston disc;

[0014] A tension bearing variable diameter sleeve is slidably sleeved on the piston rod and located between the rear cylinder head and the piston disc;

[0015] Wherein, the outer diameters of the compression bearing variable diameter sleeve and the tensile bearing variable diameter sleeve are both larger than the outer diameter of the piston rod, and the compression bearing variable diameter sleeve is in sliding sealing fit with the front cylinder head, and the tensile bearing variable diameter sleeve is in sliding sealing fit with the rear cylinder head;

[0016] When the damper is subjected to an external load, the compression bearing variable diameter sleeve or the tension bearing variable diameter sleeve can slide into its corresponding working chamber, and generate a supporting force and self-restoring force on the outside through the pressure change of the hydraulic medium in the working chamber.

[0017] In one optional embodiment, the piston rod is a rod of equal diameter, and the compression bearing variable diameter sleeve and the tension bearing variable diameter sleeve are restricted to slide within a specific axial range of the piston rod by a limiting structure.

[0018] In one optional embodiment, the limiting structure includes a limiting nut disposed at the inner end of the piston rod to prevent the tensile bearing variable diameter sleeve from dislodging from the piston rod.

[0019] In one optional embodiment, a front hinge pin is fixed to the outer end of the piston rod, and the compression bearing variable diameter sleeve abuts against the end wall of the front hinge pin.

[0020] In one alternative embodiment, the piston disc is provided with a damping valve for controlling the flow of hydraulic medium between the two working chambers to generate a damping effect under impact load.

[0021] In one alternative embodiment, the two working chambers of the hydraulic cylinder are interconnected via external pipelines or internal oil passages, and are equipped with throttle valves.

[0022] In one optional embodiment, the tensile bearing reducer sleeve is slidably disposed on the inner ring of the rear cylinder head, and the rear cylinder head is adapted to limit the travel of the tensile bearing reducer sleeve.

[0023] In one alternative embodiment, the hydraulic medium is pre-charged with an initial pressure.

[0024] In one optional embodiment, sliding bearings and sealing rings are provided between the compression bearing variable diameter sleeve and the tensile bearing variable diameter sleeve and the piston rod, as well as between the sleeve and the corresponding front cylinder head and rear cylinder head.

[0025] In one alternative embodiment, the piston disk includes:

[0026] A fixed disc is sleeved on the outer wall of the piston rod;

[0027] A rotating disk, whose rotation is located on one side of a fixed disk, and which is hollow inside;

[0028] The adjusting disc is slidably mounted on the outer wall of the piston rod and is spirally adapted to the inner wall of the rotating disc;

[0029] When the adjusting disc moves axially relative to the piston rod, it drives the rotating disc to rotate in both directions.

[0030] In one optional embodiment, at least one oil hole is provided on the side wall of the fixed disk, and the oil hole communicates with the working cavity;

[0031] The regulating disc is equipped with a damping valve, which is used to control the flow of hydraulic medium between the two working chambers under impact load to generate a damping effect.

[0032] In one optional embodiment, the inner wall of the rotating disk is provided with a spiral groove, and the outer wall of the adjusting disk is provided with a slider adapted to the spiral groove.

[0033] The inner wall of the adjusting disc has an axial groove, and the outer wall of the piston rod has a protrusion that matches the groove.

[0034] Secondly, this disclosure also provides a method for operating a damper, the method comprising:

[0035] When the damper is subjected to an external load, the compression bearing variable diameter sleeve or the tension bearing variable diameter sleeve can slide into its corresponding working chamber, and generate a supporting force and self-restoring force on the outside through the pressure change of the hydraulic medium in the working chamber.

[0036] The beneficial effects of this invention are that it provides a damper and its working method. By setting two independent variable-diameter sleeves for compression and tension, and utilizing the volume change caused by their sliding into the working chamber, hydraulic support force is generated. This invention perfectly integrates the traditional static support function (borne by springs or rigid structures) with the dynamic damping function into a single unit. This hydraulically based support method has stiffness and load-bearing capacity far exceeding those of a spring of the same size, effectively resolving the contradiction between "miniaturization and high stiffness / high load" mentioned in the background art. The axial dimension of the entire damper can be significantly reduced, especially avoiding the limitation of spring compression height on the minimum installation length. The variable-diameter sleeve is integrated as a functional component inside the hydraulic cylinder, giving the damper better space utilization, making it particularly suitable for applications with stringent installation space requirements, such as vehicles, ships, and precision equipment.

[0037] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention are realized and obtained through the structures particularly pointed out in the description and the drawings.

[0038] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments or related technologies of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0040] Figure 1 A perspective view of the damper provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0041] Figure 2 A cross-sectional perspective view of the damper provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0042] Figure 3 Provided for the embodiments of this disclosure Figure 1 Sectional front view of AA;

[0043] Figure 4 A perspective view of the piston disc provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0044] Figure 5 A radial cross-sectional perspective view of the piston disc provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0045] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the outward movement of the front articulated pin head according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0046] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the damper in an embodiment of the present disclosure without external load.

[0047] In the picture:

[0048] 2. Limiting nut; 3. Tensile bearing reducing sleeve; 4. Rear cylinder head; 5. Hydraulic cylinder; 6. Hydraulic medium; 7. Piston disc; 71. Fixed disc; 72. Rotating disc; 73. Adjusting disc; 74. Oil hole; 75. Spiral groove; 76. Groove;

[0049] 8. Damping valve; 9. Piston rod;

[0050] 10. Front cylinder head; 11. Compression bearing reducer sleeve; 12. Front hinge pin head. Detailed Implementation

[0051] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] In this document, when it is mentioned that a first component is located on a second component, this can mean that the first component can be directly formed on the second component, or that a third component can be inserted between the first and second components. Furthermore, in the accompanying drawings, the thickness of the components may be exaggerated or reduced for the purpose of effectively describing the technical content.

[0053] In this document, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. As used herein, expressions such as “at least one of…” modify an entire column of elements when following a column of elements. For example, the expression “at least one of a, b, and c” should be understood to include only a, only b, only c, both a and b, both a and c, both b and c, or all of a, b, and c.

[0054] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific exemplary configurations only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular articles “a,” “an,” and “the” may also be intended to include plural forms unless otherwise expressly stated herein. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are inclusive and thus specify the presence of features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein should not be construed as requiring them to be performed in the specific order discussed or shown, unless specifically identified as such. Additional or alternative steps may be employed.

[0055] As used herein, the phrases “in one embodiment,” “according to one embodiment,” “in some embodiments,” etc., generally refer to the fact that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic following the phrase can be included in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. Therefore, a particular feature, structure, or characteristic can be included in more than one embodiment of this disclosure, such that these phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. As used herein, the terms “example,” “exemplary,” etc., are used to “serve as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any implementation, aspect, or design described herein as “example” or “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or superior to other implementations, aspects, or designs. Rather, the use of the terms “example,” “exemplary,” etc., is intended to present concepts in a specific manner.

[0056] Research has shown that hydraulic dampers, as effective shock absorption and energy dissipation components, have been widely used in power, transportation, and construction industries. Their basic working principle is to utilize the throttling resistance generated when liquid flows through a damping valve to dissipate impact energy, thereby suppressing vibration.

[0057] In related technologies, hydraulic dampers primarily bear dynamic impact and vibration loads, while the static self-weight and normal operating loads of the equipment are borne by independent support elements (such as rigid supports or spring supports). However, in certain special application scenarios, such as vehicle chassis, ship compartments, or precision equipment instrument compartments where space is limited, system designers urgently need to integrate structural load support and dynamic damping functions into a single unit to simplify the structure and save space. Furthermore, under certain operating conditions (such as weapon resetting after firing), it is required that the support elements automatically return to their initial position after the impact load disappears, i.e., possessing both damping and self-resetting functions.

[0058] Currently, a common technical solution to address these needs is to integrate a mechanical spring inside the hydraulic damper. The spring provides static support to bear the weight of the equipment and provides restoring force to reset the damper after it has actuated. However, this solution has significant drawbacks: First, the size and stroke of the spring are strictly limited by the internal space of the damper's hydraulic chamber, resulting in relatively low load-bearing capacity and stiffness. Second, the spring itself has a compression height; to achieve sufficient stroke and stiffness, it is often necessary to increase the overall dimensions of the damper (such as outer diameter and installation length), which contradicts the design requirements of miniaturization and compactness, creating an irreconcilable conflict between miniaturization and high stiffness / load capacity.

[0059] Therefore, how to achieve the coexistence of support and recovery functions in hydraulic dampers while maintaining miniaturization is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field.

[0060] The defects in the above solutions and the reasons for their occurrence are the results of the inventors' practice and careful research. Therefore, the discovery process of the above problems and the solutions proposed in this disclosure should be considered as the inventors' contributions to this disclosure.

[0061] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0062] The following detailed description of some embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0063] like Figure 1 As shown, at least one embodiment provides a damper, comprising: a hydraulic cylinder 5 filled with a hydraulic medium 6, which may be hydraulic oil or other compressible fluid, preferably pre-charged with an initial pressure to enhance load-bearing capacity; a piston disc 7 slidably disposed within the hydraulic cylinder 5, dividing the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 5 into two working chambers; a damping valve 8 disposed on the piston disc 7 for controlling the flow of the hydraulic medium 6 between the two working chambers under impact loads, thereby generating a damping effect; and a piston rod 9, the inner end of which is fixedly connected to the piston disc 7, and the outer end extending out of the front cylinder cover 10 of the hydraulic cylinder 5. The piston rod 9 has a constant diameter rod structure to ensure smooth sliding of the variable diameter sleeve. A front hinge pin head 12 is fixed to the outer end of the piston rod 9 for hinged connection with external equipment.

[0064] Reference Appendix Figure 2 and Figure 3A compression-bearing variable diameter sleeve 11 is slidably fitted onto the piston rod 9 and located between the front cylinder head 10 and the piston disc 7. Its outer diameter is larger than that of the piston rod 9, and it has a sliding seal fit with the front cylinder head 10. A tension-bearing variable diameter sleeve 3 is slidably fitted onto the piston rod 9 and located between the rear cylinder head 4 and the piston disc 7. Its outer diameter is also larger than that of the piston rod 9, and it has a sliding seal fit with the rear cylinder head 4. The inner ring of the rear cylinder head 4 is adapted to limit the travel of the tension-bearing variable diameter sleeve 3. A limiting structure includes a limiting nut 2 located at the inner end of the piston rod 9 to prevent the tension-bearing variable diameter sleeve 3 from dislodging from the piston rod 9. The compression-bearing variable diameter sleeve 11 abuts against the end wall of the front hinge pin head 12, and the load is transmitted through the front hinge pin head 12. A connecting structure allows the two working chambers of the hydraulic cylinder 5 to be interconnected through external pipelines or internal oil passages, and a throttle valve is provided to regulate the flow of the hydraulic medium 6 and optimize the damping characteristics. The components are connected by sliding joints and sealed fits to ensure the airtightness of the working chamber. The pre-charge pressure of the hydraulic medium 6 can be designed according to the load requirements, for example, by using pre-charge oil pressure to achieve greater rigidity.

[0065] Reference Appendix Figure 4 The piston disc 7 includes: a fixed disc 71, which is sleeved on the outer wall of the piston rod 9; the outer wall of the fixed disc 71 is slidably sealed to the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder 5, and the fixed disc 71 moves axially synchronously when the piston rod 9 moves axially. A rotating disc 72 is rotatably disposed on one side of the fixed disc 71 and is hollow inside; the outer diameter of the rotating disc 72 is the same as the outer diameter of the fixed disc 71. An adjusting disc 73 is slidably disposed on the outer wall of the piston rod 9 and is helically adapted to the inner wall of the rotating disc 72; wherein, when the adjusting disc 73 moves axially relative to the piston rod 9, it drives the rotating disc 72 to rotate in both directions.

[0066] like Figure 6 As shown, when the front hinge pin 12 moves away from the hydraulic cylinder 5, it drives the piston rod 9 and the fixed plate 71 to move outward synchronously. The limit nut 2 pushes the tension bearing variable diameter sleeve 3 to move axially. At this time, the compression bearing variable diameter sleeve 11 is limited by the front cylinder head 10 and remains stationary relative to the piston rod 9. As the piston fixed plate 71 moves axially, the pressure in the working chamber on the right side of the piston plate 7 increases. The hydraulic medium 6 flows into the cavity inside the rotating plate 72 through the oil hole 74. The hydraulic medium 6 pushes the adjusting plate 73 to move in the direction of the limit nut 2. The adjusting plate 73 moves horizontally to drive the rotating plate 72 to rotate synchronously. The rotation of the rotating plate 72 can increase the frictional resistance between the piston plate 7 and the hydraulic cylinder 5, thereby improving the damping effect.

[0067] Reference Appendix Figure 5The fixed disk 71 has at least one oil hole 74 on its side wall, which communicates with the working chamber. The oil hole 74 allows the heat generated when the rotating disk 72 rotates to be transferred to the hydraulic medium 6. The adjusting disk 73 is equipped with a damping valve 8, used to control the flow of the hydraulic medium 6 between the two working chambers under impact loads, generating a damping effect. The inner wall of the rotating disk 72 has a spiral groove 75, and the outer wall of the adjusting disk 73 has a slider adapted to the spiral groove 75. The inner wall of the adjusting disk 73 has an axial groove 76, and the outer wall of the piston rod 9 has a protrusion adapted to the groove 76. The cooperation between the groove 76 and the protrusion ensures that the adjusting disk 73 can only move axially relative to the piston rod 9, and cannot rotate synchronously with the rotating disk 72.

[0068] The working principle of the damper is as follows:

[0069] The working principle of this invention is based on the pressure effect generated by the change in hydraulic volume, thereby achieving the dual functions of support and damping.

[0070] like Figure 7 Initial state: The damper is in the middle of its stroke, the piston disc 7 is located in the center of the hydraulic cylinder 5, the compression bearing reducer sleeve 11 and the tension bearing reducer sleeve 3 have not slid into the working chamber, and the hydraulic medium 6 has uniform pressure.

[0071] like Figure 3 Under compression load conditions: When an external compression load is applied through the front hinge pin 12, the compression-bearing variable diameter sleeve 11 is pushed into the front working chamber, causing a decrease in the volume of this chamber and an increase in the pressure of the hydraulic medium 6. The product of ΔP (pressure difference in the working chamber) and the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the variable diameter sleeve forms the external support force. At the same time, the damping valve 8 throttles under impact load, consumes energy, and plays a damping role. After the load is removed, the hydraulic pressure pushes the variable diameter sleeve to reset.

[0072] like Figure 6 Under tensile load conditions: When an external tensile load is applied, the front hinge pin 12 pulls the piston rod 9 to move outward from the hydraulic cylinder 5, and the limit nut 2 pushes the bearing variable diameter sleeve into the rear working chamber. The volume of the rear working chamber decreases, and the pressure increases, generating a supporting force. The working principle is the same as under compression conditions, realizing a two-way function.

[0073] Self-returning mechanism: Through the compressibility of hydraulic medium 6 and the sliding design of the reducing sleeve, the damper can automatically return to its initial position after the load is removed, without the need for an external spring. The stroke and effective cross-sectional area of ​​the reducing sleeve can be precisely controlled through design calculations to control stiffness and load range.

[0074] At least one embodiment provides a method of operating a damper, the method comprising:

[0075] When the damper is subjected to an external load (i.e., the front hinge pin head 12 moves outward or inward relative to the hydraulic cylinder 5), the compression bearing variable diameter sleeve 11 or the tension bearing variable diameter sleeve 3 can slide into its corresponding working chamber, and generate external support force and self-restoring force through the pressure change of the hydraulic medium in the working chamber.

[0076] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0077] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first," "second," and other numerical terms used herein do not imply order or sequence unless expressly indicated herein. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of the exemplary embodiments, the first element, component, region, layer, or segment discussed above may be referred to as a second element, component, region, layer, or segment.

[0078] Based on the above-described preferred embodiments of the present invention, and through the foregoing description, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the inventive concept. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A damper, comprising: Hydraulic cylinder (5), which is filled with hydraulic medium (6); The piston disc (7) is slidably disposed inside the hydraulic cylinder (5), dividing the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder (5) into two working chambers; The piston rod (9) has one end connected to the piston disc (7) and the other end extending out of the front cylinder cover (10) of the hydraulic cylinder (5). Its characteristic is that it further includes: The compression bearing variable diameter sleeve (11) is slidably sleeved on the piston rod (9) and located between the front cylinder head (10) and the piston disc (7); The tension bearing variable diameter sleeve (3) is slidably sleeved on the piston rod (9) and located between the rear cylinder head (4) and the piston disc (7); Wherein, the outer diameters of the compression bearing variable diameter sleeve (11) and the tensile bearing variable diameter sleeve (3) are both larger than the outer diameter of the piston rod (9), and the compression bearing variable diameter sleeve (11) is in sliding sealing cooperation with the front cylinder head (10), and the tensile bearing variable diameter sleeve (3) is in sliding sealing cooperation with the rear cylinder head (4). When the damper is subjected to an external load, the compression bearing variable diameter sleeve (11) or the tension bearing variable diameter sleeve (3) can slide into its corresponding working chamber, and generate a supporting force and self-restoring force on the outside through the pressure change of the hydraulic medium (6) in the working chamber. The piston rod (9) is a rod of equal diameter, and the compression bearing variable diameter sleeve (11) and the tension bearing variable diameter sleeve (3) are restricted to slide within the axial range of the piston rod (9) by a limiting structure; The limiting structure includes a limiting nut (2) provided at the inner end of the piston rod (9) to prevent the tensile bearing variable diameter sleeve (3) from coming off the piston rod (9); The piston rod (9) has a front hinge pin (12) fixed at its outer end, and the compression bearing variable diameter sleeve (11) abuts against the end wall of the front hinge pin (12). The tensile bearing variable diameter sleeve (3) is slidably disposed on the inner ring of the rear cylinder head (4), and the rear cylinder head (4) is adapted to limit the movement stroke of the tensile bearing variable diameter sleeve (3).

2. The damper as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The two working chambers of the hydraulic cylinder (5) are connected to each other through external pipelines or internal oil passages and are equipped with throttle valves.

3. The damper as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The hydraulic medium (6) is pre-charged with an initial pressure.

4. The damper as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Sliding bearings and sealing rings are provided between the compression bearing variable diameter sleeve (11) and the tensile bearing variable diameter sleeve (3) and the piston rod (9), as well as between them and the corresponding front cylinder head (10) and rear cylinder head (4).

5. The damper as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The piston disk (7) includes: A fixed plate (71) is sleeved on the outer wall of the piston rod (9); The rotating disk (72) is rotatably mounted on one side of the fixed disk (71) and is hollow inside; The adjusting disc (73) is slidably disposed on the outer wall of the piston rod (9) and is spirally adapted to the inner wall of the rotating disc (72); When the adjusting disk (73) moves axially relative to the piston rod (9), it drives the rotating disk (72) to rotate in both directions.

6. The damper as described in claim 5, characterized in that, At least one oil hole (74) is provided on the side wall of the fixed plate (71), and the oil hole (74) communicates with the working cavity; The regulating disc (73) is equipped with a damping valve (8) for controlling the flow of hydraulic medium (6) between the two working chambers under impact load to generate a damping effect.

7. The damper as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The inner wall of the rotating disk (72) is provided with a spiral groove (75), and the outer wall of the adjusting disk (73) is provided with a slider that is adapted to the spiral groove (75); The inner wall of the adjusting disc (73) has an axial groove (76), and the outer wall of the piston rod is provided with a protrusion that matches the groove (76).

8. A method for operating a damper, characterized in that, The operating method, employing the damper as described in any one of claims 1-7, includes: When the damper is subjected to an external load, the compression bearing variable diameter sleeve (11) or the tension bearing variable diameter sleeve (3) can slide into its corresponding working chamber, and generate external support force and self-restoring force through the pressure change of the hydraulic medium (6) in the working chamber.

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