Cooling device for high power rays

Abstract

The application relates to the field of particle accelerators and nuclear power plant cooling technology, and discloses a cooling device suitable for high-power rays, which comprises an absorber assembly, a cooling water system assembly, a vacuum tube assembly, a shielding body assembly and a supporting assembly. The absorber assembly is welded by brazing process from internal graphite and external copper, the copper is provided with a gas hole penetrating into the graphite layer, the gas hole is connected with an internal air cavity of the graphite, and a vacuum sealed cavity is formed. The cooling water system assembly comprises a water distributor designed with two layers of water inlet ring cavities and two layers of water outlet ring cavities, so that the flow is evenly distributed. The absorber cooling water pipe is embedded in the copper and connected with a U-shaped pipe to form a cooling loop. The electron beam strikes the graphite to generate heat, the heat is transferred to the copper, and the cooling water in the cooling water pipe embedded in the copper carries away the heat. The shielding body assembly is arranged around the vacuum tube assembly to prevent radiation leakage. The cooling device realizes effective heat dissipation of 8 GeV high-power rays, has excellent radiation resistance and a very high fatigue life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of particle accelerator and nuclear power equipment cooling technology, and in particular to a cooling device technology suitable for high-power rays. Background Technology

[0002] High-power radiation equipment is widely used in modern particle physics research, medical radiotherapy, and industrial irradiation processing. Especially in large particle accelerator facilities, high-energy beams used for fundamental physics research often need to be safely and efficiently collected and processed after experiments. For example, in facilities such as the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility and the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider in China, and internationally at CERN and SLAC, electron beams need to be safely absorbed by specialized beam collection devices after completing experimental tasks, and the enormous heat generated must be effectively dissipated.

[0003] Similarly, in medical radiotherapy equipment and industrial irradiation processing production lines, high-power electron beams or X-rays require precise control and effective cooling during use. Especially in the latest generation of proton therapy systems, proton beams reaching hundreds of MeV need to be safely collected after treatment, placing extremely high demands on the cooling system. Furthermore, in the nuclear power field, particularly in molten salt reactor systems of fourth-generation nuclear power technology, key equipment such as molten salt pumps generate significant amounts of heat during operation, requiring highly efficient and reliable cooling devices.

[0004] Existing X-ray cooling devices primarily employ metallic materials (such as copper, tungsten, nickel, and aluminum) as absorbers to directly absorb electron beam energy. For example, in traditional 2-3 GeV electron accelerators, water-cooled targets made of pure copper or copper alloys are commonly used as beam collectors. However, with the continuous increase in accelerator energies, these traditional cooling devices face several serious technical problems when dealing with high-power X-rays up to 8 GeV:

[0005] First, the material's radiation resistance is insufficient. When a high-energy electron beam directly bombards a metal absorber, the metal material exhibits significant mechanical property degradation and material embrittlement under strong radiation. For example, in the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) upgrade project, it was found that long-term bombardment by high-power beams caused microcracks and structural changes on the surface of pure copper absorbers, seriously affecting the lifespan and safety of the device.

[0006] Secondly, the heat exchange performance is severely inadequate. As the beam power increases to the 8 GeV level, the heat density per unit area increases dramatically, making it difficult for traditional metal absorbers to dissipate heat effectively even with water cooling. In the LCLS-II project of the North American Advanced Light Source, the temperature of the high-power beam collector once reached over 700°C, far exceeding the safe operating temperature of the materials, causing plastic deformation and even local melting of the metal materials, which in turn damaged related components.

[0007] Third, uneven distribution of cooling water flow. The common single-inlet, single-outlet cooling water system design in traditional cooling devices often leads to uneven water flow distribution when cooling multiple channels, resulting in insufficient water flow or even empty flow in some cooling channels. For example, in the beam collection system of the J-PARC accelerator in Japan, uneven distribution of cooling water caused localized overheating, leading to equipment damage.

[0008] Fourth, there is a lack of effective composite structure design. Existing cooling devices mostly use single-material designs, which make it difficult to simultaneously meet the dual requirements of radiation resistance and efficient heat dissipation. In high-energy physics experiments, single-material absorbers often achieve good radiation resistance at the expense of heat dissipation efficiency, or achieve high heat dissipation efficiency but insufficient radiation resistance.

[0009] Fifth, the equipment has a short service life. Due to the combined effects of the above problems, the service life of existing high-power X-ray cooling devices is generally short, especially under continuous high-load operating conditions. This results in frequent equipment replacements, increasing maintenance costs and affecting the overall system's operational stability and safety. For example, in some high-energy physics experimental facilities, the average service life of beam collectors is only a few months, far from meeting the requirements for long-term stable operation.

[0010] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of high-power radiation cooling device that can achieve efficient heat dissipation in an 8 GeV high-power radiation environment, while also possessing excellent radiation resistance and long service life, to meet the stringent requirements of modern large-scale particle accelerators, advanced medical equipment, and new nuclear energy systems. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this application is to provide a cooling device suitable for high-power radiation to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0012] This application discloses a cooling device suitable for high-power radiation, comprising:

[0013] The absorber assembly 2 includes an inner graphite 202 and an outer copper 201. The graphite 202 and the copper 201 are welded together by a brazing process. The copper 201 is provided with pores 201-1 that penetrate to the graphite layer, which are used to connect the air cavity 202-1 inside the graphite to ensure that a vacuum-sealed cavity is formed inside the absorber assembly 2.

[0014] The cooling water system component 4 includes a water distributor 410, an inlet main pipe 421, an outlet main pipe 422, a cooling water pipe 423, an absorber cooling water pipe 424, and a U-shaped pipe 425. The water distributor 410 adopts a multi-layer annular cavity design to evenly distribute the cooling water flow.

[0015] The absorber cooling water pipe 424 is embedded in the copper 201 and connected to the U-shaped pipe 425 to remove the heat generated by the absorber assembly 2.

[0016] The main inlet pipe 421 and the main outlet pipe 422 are respectively connected to the water distributor 410. The cooling water pipe 423 and the absorber cooling water pipe 424 are connected to the main inlet pipe 421 and the main outlet pipe 422 through the water distributor 410. The U-shaped pipe 425 is connected to the adjacent absorber cooling water pipes 424 in sequence to form a cooling water circulation loop.

[0017] The electron beam bombards the graphite 202, generating heat. The heat is transferred to the copper 201 and carried away by the cooling water in the absorber cooling water pipe 424 embedded in the copper 201, thus achieving heat dissipation of the high-power radiation.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the water distributor 410 is designed with two layers of inlet annular cavity 410-1 and two layers of outlet annular cavity 410-2 to ensure that the flow rate of each cooling water pipe is evenly distributed and to avoid the phenomenon of empty flow in the cooling water pipe.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the absorber cooling water pipe 424 is installed in close fit with the cooling water hole reserved on the copper 201 and welded to the U-shaped pipe 425 to achieve direct heat transfer.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, a vacuum tube assembly 3 is further included, which is formed by welding together a pipe, a tapered tube, a transition section and a vacuum flange 304, and is sealed to the absorber assembly 2 to form a vacuum cavity.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the vacuum flange 304 is provided with a sealing ring leak detection groove for detecting vacuum sealing performance.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, a shielding assembly 5 is also included, consisting of a shielding housing 501 and a shielding material layer 502, which is arranged around the outside of the vacuum tube assembly 3 to prevent radiation leakage.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the shield housing 501 is provided with a through sleeve for the passage of the water inlet main pipe 421 and the water outlet main pipe 422.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, a support assembly 6 is also included, which consists of an inner support ring 601, an inner auxiliary support ring 602, and an outer support device 603. The inner support ring 601 and the inner auxiliary support ring 602 are closely fitted together and support the absorber assembly 2.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, a stainless steel sleeve assembly 1 is further included, which is formed by fastening a stainless steel front sleeve 101 and a stainless steel rear sleeve 102 with screws and welding to seal them. The external support device 603 is welded to the stainless steel sleeve assembly 1.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the system further includes a front-end interface flange cover 7, a front-end interface flange 9, and a rear-end flange cover 8. The front-end interface flange cover 7 is fastened to the front-end interface flange 9 with screws, and the rear-end flange cover 8 is welded to the stainless steel rear sleeve 102.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, a traction tongue 10 is welded to the front interface flange cover 7. The traction tongue 10 is provided with an automatic replacement device connection hole 10-1 and a waist-shaped hole 10-2 for automatic replacement.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, a guide rod 11 is also included, which is welded to the stainless steel sleeve assembly 1 for positioning and anti-deflection of the device.

[0029] The high-power radiation cooling device of this application effectively solves the problems of insufficient heat dissipation, poor radiation resistance and short service life of high-power radiation in the prior art through a number of technological innovations, and achieves the technical effects of high-efficiency heat dissipation, high radiation resistance and long service life.

[0030] First, the absorber assembly 2 used in this application is a composite structure consisting of an inner graphite 202 and an outer copper 201, welded together using a brazing process, achieving both excellent radiation resistance and efficient heat dissipation. Graphite 202 possesses excellent radiation resistance, low activation dose, and high-temperature resistance, allowing it to directly withstand electron beam bombardment without rapid damage; while the outer copper 201 has extremely high thermal conductivity, rapidly dissipating the heat generated by the graphite. This composite structure enables the cooling device to withstand 8 GeV high-power radiation bombardment, significantly improving the device's lifespan and safety.

[0031] Secondly, the pores 201-1 on the copper 201 that extend to the graphite layer are connected to the gas cavity 202-1 inside the graphite, ensuring that a vacuum-sealed cavity is formed inside the absorber assembly 2. This design solves the problem of maintaining vacuum in high-power operating environments, enabling the device to maintain a stable vacuum environment even under high-intensity electron beam bombardment, preventing scattering and energy loss caused by insufficient vacuum.

[0032] The water distributor 410 design used in cooling water system component 4 is another core innovation of this application. The water distributor 410 features a unique structure design with two layers of inlet annular chambers 410-1 and two layers of outlet annular chambers 410-2, based on hydraulic structural characteristics. This achieves precise and uniform distribution of cooling water flow, avoiding the phenomenon of empty flow in the cooling water pipes. This design provides excellent heat exchange performance while ensuring low flow resistance and low pressure drop, ensuring that each cooling water pipe 423 and absorber cooling water pipe 424 receives uniform water flow, thereby achieving efficient heat dissipation for the entire system.

[0033] The design of embedding the absorber cooling water pipe 424 within the copper 201 is the third key innovation of this application. Through a tight fit with pre-drilled cooling water holes in the copper 201, the absorber cooling water pipe 424 can directly contact the copper 201, forming an efficient heat transfer path. Compared with traditional external cooling methods, this embedded cooling structure significantly improves heat dissipation efficiency, allowing heat to be rapidly carried away by cooling water after generation, preventing heat accumulation and material damage. When the electron beam bombards the graphite 202, generating heat, the heat is rapidly transferred to the copper 201 and then efficiently carried away by the cooling water within the embedded absorber cooling water pipe 424, achieving effective heat dissipation of the 8 GeV high-power radiation.

[0034] Vacuum tube assembly 3 is welded from pipe fittings, a tapered tube, a transition section, and a vacuum flange 304, forming a complete vacuum transmission channel with a sealed connection to absorber assembly 2. The sealing ring leak detection groove on the vacuum flange 304 provides convenient vacuum level detection, ensuring the reliability and safety of the system operation.

[0035] To prevent radiation generated during operation, this application also designs a shielding assembly 5 consisting of a shielding shell 501 and a shielding material layer 502, which is arranged around the outside of the vacuum tube assembly 3. The through-tube sleeve on the shielding shell 501 cleverly solves the problem of the water inlet main pipe 421 and the water outlet main pipe 422 passing through the shielding body, ensuring the normal operation of the cooling system without affecting the shielding effect.

[0036] The support assembly 6 consists of an inner support ring 601, an inner auxiliary support ring 602, and an outer support device 603, providing multi-layered support and protection. The inner support ring 601 and the inner auxiliary support ring 602 fit tightly together and directly support the absorber assembly 2, while the outer support device 603 is welded to the stainless steel sleeve assembly 1 to form an integral support structure. This multi-layered support design effectively prevents vibration and deformation that may occur under high-power operating conditions, ensuring the structural stability of the entire device.

[0037] The stainless steel sleeve assembly 1, the front interface flange cover 7, the front interface flange 9, and the rear flange cover 8 constitute the external protection and connection system of the device. The traction tongue 10 welded to the front interface flange cover 7, along with its automatic replacement device connection hole 10-1 and oblong hole 10-2, enables the automatic replacement function of the device, greatly improving maintenance efficiency and safety. Simultaneously, the guide rod 11 welded to the stainless steel sleeve assembly 1 provides positioning and anti-deflection functions for the device, ensuring that the device maintains the correct position and orientation during installation and operation.

[0038] In summary, the high-power radiation cooling device of this application, through the synergistic combination of several innovative technologies such as a graphite-copper composite structure, a multi-layer annular cavity water distributor design, and an embedded cooling system, successfully solves the technical problems of insufficient heat dissipation, poor radiation resistance, and short service life in existing technologies. It achieves effective heat dissipation of 8 GeV high-power radiation, possesses a long service life and high safety, and can be widely used in high-power radiation cooling in particle accelerators and nuclear power fields. Furthermore, this cooling device can also be applied to other fields requiring efficient heat dissipation, such as molten salt pumps, and has broad application prospects.

[0039] The specification of this application contains numerous technical features distributed across various technical solutions. Listing all possible combinations of these features would make the specification excessively lengthy. To avoid this problem, the various technical features disclosed in the above-described invention, the various embodiments and examples below, and the various technical features disclosed in the accompanying drawings can be freely combined to form various new technical solutions. These technical solutions are all considered to have been described in this specification unless such a combination of technical features is technically infeasible. For example, one example discloses feature A+B+C, and another example discloses feature A+B+D+E. Features C and D are equivalent technical means that serve the same function, and technically only one needs to be used; they cannot be used simultaneously. Feature E can be technically combined with feature C. Therefore, the solution A+B+C+D should not be considered as described because it is technically infeasible, while the solution A+B+C+E should be considered as described. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a cooling device suitable for high-power radiation according to an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 2 This is a side cross-sectional view of a cooling device suitable for high-power radiation according to an embodiment of this application.

[0042] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cooling device suitable for high-power radiation according to an embodiment of this application after removing the stainless steel sleeve assembly.

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the absorber assembly 2 according to an embodiment of this application, showing a composite structure of graphite 202 and copper 201.

[0044] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the absorber assembly 2 according to an embodiment of the present application, showing the arrangement of the copper pre-reserved air hole 201-1, the copper surface thermocouple detection hole 201-2, the absorber cooling water hole 201-3, the graphite 202, and the graphite intercavity 202-1.

[0045] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a water distributor 410 according to an embodiment of this application, showing the arrangement of the inlet annular cavity 410-1 and the outlet annular cavity 410-2.

[0046] Figures 7 to 14 These are schematic diagrams of the cooling water system component 4 from different perspectives according to embodiments of this application.

[0047] Figure 15 and Figure 16 These are schematic diagrams of the shielding assembly 5 from different perspectives according to embodiments of this application.

[0048] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the internal support ring 601 according to an embodiment of this application.

[0049] Figure 18 This is a structural schematic diagram of the internal auxiliary support ring 602 according to an embodiment of this application.

[0050] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the external support device 603 according to an embodiment of this application.

[0051] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the support assembly 6 according to an embodiment of this application, showing the arrangement of the inner support ring 601, the inner auxiliary support ring 602 and the outer support device 603.

[0052] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the front interface flange cover 7 according to an embodiment of the present application, showing the arrangement of the collimation hole 7-1, the inlet and outlet water main pipe hole 7-2, the elastic bolt connection hole 7-3, the front interface flange connection hole 7-4, the vacuum tube assembly connection hole 7-5, and the traction tongue 10.

[0053] Figure 22This is a structural schematic diagram of the rear flange cover 8 according to an embodiment of this application, showing the arrangement of the stainless steel rear sleeve connection hole 8-1.

[0054] Figure 23 This is a structural schematic diagram of the front-end interface flange 9 according to an embodiment of this application, showing the arrangement of the front-end interface flange cover connection hole 9-1 and the stainless steel front sleeve connection hole 9-2.

[0055] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the traction tongue 10 according to an embodiment of the present application, showing the arrangement of the automatic changing device connection hole 10-1.

[0056] in:

[0057] 1: Stainless steel sleeve assembly

[0058] 101: Stainless Steel Front Sleeve

[0059] 102: Stainless steel rear sleeve

[0060] 2: Absorber Component

[0061] 201: Copper

[0062] 201-1: Pre-reserved pores on copper connect to the gas chamber between graphite particles.

[0063] 201-2: Thermocouple detection hole on copper surface

[0064] 201-3: Absorber cooling water holes

[0065] 202: Graphite

[0066] 202-1: Graphite intercavitary space

[0067] 3: Vacuum tube assembly

[0068] 304: Vacuum Flange

[0069] 4: Cooling water system components

[0070] 410: Water distributor

[0071] 410-1: Two-layer inlet annular cavity

[0072] 410-2: Two-layer water outlet annular cavity

[0073] 420: General term for cooling water pipes

[0074] 421: Main water inlet pipe

[0075] 422: Main water outlet pipe

[0076] 423: Cooling water pipe

[0077] 424: Absorber cooling water pipe

[0078] 425: U-shaped tube

[0079] 5: Shielding assembly

[0080] 501: Shielding housing

[0081] 502: Shielding material layer

[0082] 6: Support components

[0083] 601: Internal support ring

[0084] 602: Internal auxiliary support ring

[0085] 603: External support device

[0086] 7: Front interface flange cover

[0087] 7-1: Collimation Hole

[0088] 7-2: Main water inlet and outlet pipe holes

[0089] 7-3: Flexible bolt connection hole

[0090] 7-4: Front-end interface flange connection hole

[0091] 7-5: Vacuum tube assembly connection hole

[0092] 8: Rear flange cover

[0093] 8-1: Stainless steel rear sleeve connection hole

[0094] 9: Front-end interface flange

[0095] 9-1: Front-end interface flange cover connection hole

[0096] 9-2: Stainless steel front sleeve connection hole

[0097] 10: Leading the cow's tongue

[0098] 10-1: Automatic changing device connection hole

[0099] 10-2: Waist-shaped hole

[0100] 11: Guide rod Detailed Implementation

[0101] In the following description, many technical details are presented to help the reader better understand this application. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the technical solutions claimed in this application can be implemented even without these technical details and various variations and modifications based on the following embodiments.

[0102] Explanation of some concepts:

[0103] High-power rays: refer to high-energy electron beams or other particle beams with energies above the GeV level. They are usually generated by particle accelerators and have extremely high power density and penetrating power.

[0104] Absorber assembly: The core component located at the end of the particle beam transmission path, used to absorb and collect high-energy particle beams, converting the kinetic energy of the particles into thermal energy.

[0105] Brazing: A metal joining process that uses a filler metal with a melting point lower than that of the metals being joined. Under heating conditions, the filler metal melts and wets and fills the gap between the metals, and after cooling, a strong metal bond is formed.

[0106] Water distributor: A flow distribution device in a cooling water system, used to evenly distribute incoming water to multiple parallel cooling pipes and collect return water from each pipe.

[0107] Annular cavity: The annular cavity structure inside the water distributor is used to achieve uniform distribution and collection of cooling water.

[0108] Embedded cooling: A cooling method in which cooling pipes are directly buried or embedded inside the object being cooled. Compared with external cooling, it has higher heat transfer efficiency.

[0109] Vacuum-sealed cavity: A sealed space that maintains a high vacuum state inside, used for lossless transmission of electron beams.

[0110] Pores: Small holes left in metallic materials for gas passage or pressure balance.

[0111] Radiation shielding: using specific materials to block or absorb ionizing radiation to prevent radiation from leaking into the environment.

[0112] Support components: Mechanical devices that provide structural support and positioning functions to ensure the stability of the equipment during operation.

[0113] Traction tongue: A mechanical connector used for the traction, movement, and positioning of equipment, often with a special shape design to accommodate automated operation.

[0114] Vacuum flange: A standardized interface component used for piping connections in vacuum systems, providing excellent sealing performance.

[0115] Leak detection groove: An annular groove structure on a vacuum flange used to detect leaks at the sealing surface.

[0116] Activation dose: The intensity of radioactivity produced by a material after irradiation, which is an important indicator for measuring the radiation resistance of a material.

[0117] Fatigue life: The number of cycles or time that a material or structure undergoes from the start of use to fatigue failure under cyclic loading.

[0118] Thermal power density: The thermal power generated per unit area or unit volume is an important parameter for measuring the difficulty of heat dissipation.

[0119] The following is a brief summary of some of the innovative aspects of this application:

[0120] In summary, this application represents a breakthrough in key technologies for high-power particle accelerators and nuclear power. Addressing the shortcomings of existing cooling devices, such as insufficient heat exchange performance, poor radiation resistance, and short service life, the inventors, through in-depth research and innovative design, have proposed a highly efficient heat dissipation solution based on a composite material absorber, multi-layer annular cavity water distribution, and embedded cooling pipes.

[0121] The core of the invention lies in the ingenious combination of graphite and copper into an absorber that possesses both radiation resistance and thermal conductivity. A brazing process achieves a perfect bond between the two materials, while pre-drilled pores connect to the internal cavity of the graphite, ensuring the airtight integrity of the vacuum chamber. This "heterogeneous material isomorphic" composite structure design breaks through the limitations of traditional single-material absorbers, achieving reliable heat dissipation under high-intensity radiation.

[0122] Regarding the cooling water system, the inventors of this application have taken a novel approach, employing a unique multi-layer annular cavity water distributor design. Unlike conventional single-layer water distribution structures, this distributor achieves uniform distribution of cooling water in each branch through the ingenious arrangement of two inlet annular cavities and two outlet annular cavities, completely solving the problems of localized overheating and insufficient flow. Simultaneously, the cooling water pipes adopt an embedded design, directly and tightly contacting the copper layer, greatly improving heat transfer efficiency. The perfect combination of multi-layer water distribution and embedded cooling forms a highly efficient and synergistic heat dissipation system.

[0123] This application also features an ingenious overall design. A stable vacuum chamber is constructed through a reliable sealed connection between the vacuum tube assembly and the absorber. Combined with the leak detection groove on the sealing ring of the vacuum flange, real-time monitoring of sealing performance is achieved. Simultaneously, the use of multi-layered shielding and support structures comprehensively considers radiation protection and device stability. This integrated design approach ensures the safe and reliable operation of the device under extreme conditions.

[0124] In summary, this application, through a series of innovative designs including composite absorbers, multi-layered water separation, and embedded cooling, breaks through the bottlenecks of existing technologies, achieving efficient heat dissipation and long-life operation under high-power radiation. This systematic solution, integrating knowledge from multiple disciplines such as materials, structure, and fluid dynamics, reflects the inventors' profound theoretical foundation and rich practical experience. This application not only solves key technical problems in the field of high-power accelerators but also provides valuable technical support for cutting-edge fields such as nuclear power and nuclear physics, possessing broad application prospects and significant theoretical implications.

[0125] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0126] In this specification, to maintain brevity, the same technical feature is presented in the form of "Chinese name + English code" when it first appears, and may be presented in the form of only its English code when it appears thereafter. These different forms of expression refer to the same technical feature.

[0127] The first embodiment of this application relates to a cooling device suitable for high-power radiation; please refer to... Figures 1 to 3 The device comprises a stainless steel sleeve assembly 1, an absorber assembly 2, a vacuum tube assembly 3, a cooling water system assembly 4, a shielding assembly 5, a support assembly 6, a front-end interface flange cover 7, a rear-end flange cover 8, a front-end interface flange 9, a traction tongue 10, and a guide rod 11. The absorber assembly 2 is the core component of this cooling device, used to directly receive and absorb the energy of high-power radiation. The cooling water system assembly 4 works closely with the absorber assembly 2 to remove the heat generated by the absorber assembly. The vacuum tube assembly 3 is sealed to the absorber assembly 2, forming a vacuum transmission channel. The shielding assembly 5 surrounds the vacuum tube assembly 3 to prevent radiation leakage. The support assembly 6 supports the absorber assembly 2. The stainless steel sleeve assembly 1, the front-end interface flange cover 7, the rear-end flange cover 8, and the front-end interface flange 9 constitute the external protection and connection system of the device. The traction tongue 10 enables automatic replacement of the device. The guide rod 11 provides positioning and anti-deflection functions for the device. These components work together to achieve effective heat dissipation of high-power radiation.

[0128] Absorber Component 2

[0129] Please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5The absorber assembly 2 is a composite structure consisting of internal graphite 202 and external copper 201, welded together using a brazing process. This composite structure is one of the core innovations of this cooling device, achieving both excellent radiation resistance and efficient heat dissipation. The internal graphite 202 possesses excellent radiation resistance, low activation dose, and high-temperature resistance, enabling it to directly withstand the bombardment of electron beams without rapid damage; the external copper 201 has extremely high thermal conductivity, rapidly dissipating the heat generated by the graphite.

[0130] The absorber has pre-reserved air holes 201-1 on the copper 201. The depth of the pre-reserved air holes 201-1 is equal to the cumulative length of all the graphite 202s. The internal air chamber of the absorber assembly 2 connects the air chambers 202-1 between the graphite 202s through the pre-reserved air holes 201-1. The vacuum tube assembly 3 is welded to the absorber assembly 2, and the internal air chamber of the vacuum tube assembly 3 is connected to the internal air chamber of the absorber assembly 2. A vacuum operation is performed on the vacuum tube assembly 3 to ensure the vacuum level inside both the vacuum tube assembly 3 and the absorber assembly 2, meeting the vacuum design requirements. In other words, the entire vacuum system is a connected cavity structure. The pre-reserved air holes 201-1 on the copper 201 act like a "channel," connecting all the gaps between the graphite 202s to form a unified internal air chamber. This internal air chamber then connects to the internal space of the vacuum tube assembly 3, ultimately forming a complete vacuum transmission channel. When the vacuum tube assembly 3 is evacuated, the entire system—including all gaps inside the vacuum tube and the absorber assembly—is simultaneously evacuated to a vacuum state. This design ensures that the entire transmission path of the optical / millimeter-wave / terahertz signal remains under high vacuum as it enters the absorber from the vacuum tube, preventing signal attenuation or energy loss due to scattering or absorption by gas molecules. This design solves the problem of maintaining vacuum levels under high-power operating conditions, enabling the device to maintain a stable vacuum environment even under high-intensity electron beam bombardment, preventing scattering and energy loss caused by insufficient vacuum.

[0131] In addition, the surface of copper 201 is provided with thermocouple detection holes 201-2 for installing thermocouples to monitor temperature changes in real time and ensure that the equipment operates within a safe temperature range. Copper 201 also has pre-drilled absorber cooling water holes 201-3 for installing absorber cooling water pipes 424, forming an embedded cooling structure that significantly improves heat dissipation efficiency.

[0132] Brazing is a key process for joining graphite 202 and copper 201. It employs special brazing filler metal and temperature control to ensure a strong metallurgical bond between the two different materials, guaranteeing excellent thermal conductivity. This bonding method avoids the thermal resistance problems that can occur with traditional mechanical connections, allowing heat to be efficiently transferred from graphite to copper.

[0133] Cooling water system component 4

[0134] Please refer to Figures 6 to 14 The cooling water system component 4 includes a water distributor 410, an inlet main pipe 421, an outlet main pipe 422, a cooling water pipe 423, an absorber cooling water pipe 424, and a U-shaped pipe 425. This system is another core innovation of this cooling device, achieving efficient and uniform heat dissipation through a carefully designed water circuit layout and a unique water distributor structure.

[0135] The water distributor 410 is designed according to hydraulic structural characteristics as having two layers of inlet annular cavity 410-1 and two layers of outlet annular cavity 410-2, such as Figure 6 As shown. This hydraulic structure design enables precise and uniform distribution of cooling water flow, avoiding the phenomenon of empty flow in the cooling water pipes. The main inlet pipe 421 is connected to the inlet annular cavity 410-1 of the distributor 410, and the main outlet pipe 422 is connected to the outlet annular cavity 410-2 of the distributor 410, forming the main inlet and outlet channels. The cooling water pipe 423 is connected to the main inlet pipe 421 and the main outlet pipe 422 through the distributor 410. The cooling water pipe 423 is connected to the absorber cooling water pipe 424 according to the inlet and outlet flow directions. The absorber cooling water pipe 424 achieves the reversal of inlet and outlet flow through the U-shaped pipe 425, forming a complete cooling water circulation loop. In other words, the distributor 410 is like a "water flow distributor," and its core is a two-layer annular cavity structure. The inlet annular cavity 410-1 resembles an annular pool. After entering from the main inlet pipe 421, the cooling water is evenly distributed within this annular space and then simultaneously supplied to multiple outlets (connecting to each cooling water pipe 423), ensuring that each pipe receives the same water flow. Similarly, the outlet annular cavity 410-2 is also an annular collection pool where the return water from each cooling water pipe converges and is discharged uniformly through the main outlet pipe 422. The specific cooling water flow path is: main inlet pipe 421 → inlet annular cavity 410-1 → distributed to each cooling water pipe 423 → connected to the absorber cooling water pipe 424 (embedded in copper 201 for heat dissipation) → reversed through the U-shaped pipe 425 → returned to the outlet annular cavity 410-2 → collected to the main outlet pipe 422 → discharged. This "annular distribution—parallel cooling—annular collection" design avoids the problem of insufficient flow in the terminal pipes that may occur in the traditional single-inlet single-outlet method, ensuring that all cooling pipes receive sufficient cooling water flow and achieving a uniform and efficient heat dissipation effect.

[0136] The design of embedding the absorber cooling water pipe 424 within the copper 201 is the third key innovation of the cooling system. Through a tight fit with the pre-drilled cooling water holes 201-3 on the copper 201, the absorber cooling water pipe 424 can directly contact the copper 201, forming a highly efficient heat transfer path. Compared to traditional external cooling methods, this embedded cooling structure significantly improves heat dissipation efficiency, allowing heat to be quickly carried away by the cooling water after it is generated, preventing heat accumulation that could damage the materials.

[0137] The complete flow path of the cooling water is as follows: Cooling water enters from the main inlet pipe 421, and is evenly distributed to each cooling water pipe 423 and the absorber cooling water pipe 424 through the two-layer inlet annular cavity 410-1 of the distributor 410. After flowing through the loop connected by the U-shaped pipe 425, carrying away heat, it is collected in the two-layer outlet annular cavity 410-2 of the distributor 410 and discharged into the main outlet pipe 422. This design provides excellent heat exchange performance while ensuring low flow resistance and low pressure drop, enabling each cooling water pipe to receive uniform water flow, thereby achieving efficient heat dissipation of the entire system.

[0138] Vacuum tube assembly 3

[0139] Vacuum tube assembly 3 is welded from fittings, a tapered tube, a transition tube section, and a vacuum flange 304, and is sealed to absorber assembly 2 to form a complete vacuum transmission channel. The fittings are directly connected to absorber assembly 2, the tapered tube connects the fittings and the transition tube section, and the transition tube section is welded to the vacuum flange 304 to form a complete vacuum transmission system.

[0140] The leak detection groove on the sealing ring of the vacuum flange 304 is an important design detail, providing convenient vacuum level detection. By connecting a leak detection instrument, the system's vacuum sealing performance can be monitored at any time, ensuring the reliability and safety of system operation. The vacuum tube assembly 3, through high-precision machining and welding, ensures a high-quality sealing connection with the absorber assembly 2, preventing vacuum leakage.

[0141] The main function of vacuum tube assembly 3 is to provide a vacuum transmission channel for the high-energy electron beam, reducing collisions between the electron beam and air molecules and maintaining the stability of the beam's energy and direction. Simultaneously, the vacuum environment also helps reduce oxidation and corrosion on the surface of absorber assembly 2, extending the lifespan of the device.

[0142] Shielding assembly 5

[0143] Please refer to Figures 15 to 16 The shielding assembly 5 consists of a shielding shell 501 and a shielding material layer 502, and is arranged around the outside of the vacuum tube assembly 3. The shielding shell 501 is made of stainless steel and provides structural support; the shielding material layer 502 is a high-density material that can effectively block secondary radiation generated by high-energy electron beams, such as neutrons and gamma rays, and prevent radiation leakage from causing harm to the surrounding environment and personnel.

[0144] The through-tube sleeve on the shielding housing 501 is an ingenious design for the passage of the inlet main pipe 421 and the outlet main pipe 422. This design solves the technical challenge of pipes passing through the shielding body without affecting the shielding effect, ensuring the connection of the cooling water system to the outside while maintaining good radiation protection performance. The inner diameter of the through-tube sleeve is precisely matched with the outer diameter of the inlet main pipe 421 and the outlet main pipe 422, reducing the possibility of radiation leakage.

[0145] The overall design of the shielding assembly 5 takes into account the various types and intensities of radiation that may occur in the actual use environment. Through reasonable material selection and structural layout, while ensuring effective shielding, the overall weight and volume are minimized to facilitate the installation and maintenance of the device.

[0146] Support assembly 6

[0147] Please refer to Figures 17 to 20 The support assembly 6 consists of an inner support ring 601, an inner auxiliary support ring 602, and an outer support device 603, providing multi-layered support and protection. The inner support ring 601 and the inner auxiliary support ring 602 fit tightly together and directly support the absorber assembly 2, ensuring that the absorber assembly maintains a stable position under high-power radiation bombardment.

[0148] The structure of the internal support ring 601 is as follows Figure 17 As shown, it mainly provides radial support for the absorber assembly 2, preventing the absorber assembly from shifting during operation. The structure of the internal auxiliary support ring 602 is as follows: Figure 18 As shown, it works in conjunction with the inner support ring 601 to provide additional support and enhance the stability of the overall structure. The structure of the outer support device 603 is as follows: Figure 19 As shown, it is welded to the stainless steel sleeve assembly 1 to form an integral support structure, ensuring the stability of the device during installation and operation.

[0149] The overall structure of support component 6 is as follows Figure 20 As shown, the three support components work together to form a complete support system. This multi-layer support design effectively prevents vibration and deformation that may occur under high-power operating conditions, ensuring the structural stability of the entire device and extending its service life.

[0150] Stainless steel sleeve assembly 1

[0151] The stainless steel sleeve assembly 1, consisting of a stainless steel front sleeve 101 and a stainless steel rear sleeve 102 fastened with screws and sealed by welding, forms the outer shell of the entire cooling device, providing structural support and protection. Stainless steel possesses excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical strength, enabling it to adapt to various working environments.

[0152] The stainless steel front sleeve 101 is connected to the front interface flange 9, and the stainless steel rear sleeve 102 is welded to the rear flange cover 8, forming a complete external protection system. The external support device 603 is welded to the stainless steel sleeve assembly 1 to ensure a stable and reliable positional relationship between the internal components and the outer shell.

[0153] The stainless steel sleeve assembly 1 is designed with the installation, maintenance, and replacement needs of the device in mind. It adopts a segmented structure to facilitate the disassembly and replacement of internal components when necessary. At the same time, the material and wall thickness of the sleeve have been carefully calculated to minimize weight while ensuring strength, making it easier to handle and install the device.

[0154] Interface components

[0155] Please refer to Figures 21 to 23 The interface assembly includes a front interface flange cover 7, a front interface flange 9, and a rear interface flange cover 8, used for connecting and closing the device. The structure of the front interface flange cover 7 is as follows: Figure 21 As shown, the device has multiple functional holes: a collimation hole 7-1 for the incident and collimation of the electron beam; a main water inlet / outlet pipe hole 7-2 for the passage of the main water inlet pipe 421 and the main water outlet pipe 422; a flexible bolt connection hole 7-3 for connection with the front-end interface flange 9; a front-end interface flange connection hole 7-4 for fastening the connection with the front-end interface flange 9; and a vacuum tube assembly connection hole 7-5 for connection with the vacuum tube assembly 3.

[0156] The structure of the front-end interface flange 9 is as follows: Figure 23 As shown, the front interface flange cover has a connection hole 9-1 and a stainless steel front sleeve connection hole 9-2. The connection hole 9-1 is used for screw connection with the front interface flange cover 7, and the connection hole 9-2 is used for connection with the stainless steel front sleeve 101. The front interface flange 9 and the front interface flange cover 7 are fastened together with screws to form a closed front end structure of the device.

[0157] The structure of the rear flange cover 8 is as follows Figure 22 As shown, a stainless steel rear sleeve connection hole 8-1 is provided on the top for welding connection with the stainless steel rear sleeve 102. The rear flange cover 8 is welded to the stainless steel rear sleeve 102 to form a closed rear end structure of the device.

[0158] These interface components, through precision machining and rigorous assembly processes, ensure the airtightness and structural integrity of the entire cooling system, providing a stable operating environment for the internal components.

[0159] Traction system and guidance system

[0160] Please refer to Figure 24 The traction system includes a traction lug 10, which is welded to the front interface flange cover 7. The traction lug 10 is provided with an automatic replacement device connection hole 10-1 and a slotted hole 10-2 for realizing the automatic replacement function of the device. The automatic replacement device connection hole 10-1 is used to connect the automatic replacement device, and the slotted hole 10-2 provides a certain position adjustment space to facilitate the installation and positioning of the device.

[0161] The guiding system includes a guide rod 11, which is welded to the stainless steel sleeve assembly 1, for positioning and anti-deflection of the device. The guide rod 11 provides accurate position guidance during device installation, preventing the device from shifting its installation position; and during device operation, it prevents rotational shift caused by vibration or external forces, ensuring that the device always remains in the correct working position and orientation.

[0162] The design of the traction and guidance systems fully considers the special needs of equipment maintenance in high-radiation environments. Through the automatic replacement function, the replacement and maintenance of the device can be completed without direct contact with potentially radiating components, greatly improving maintenance efficiency and safety.

[0163] Working principle and working process

[0164] During operation, a high-power electron beam enters the device through the collimation hole 7-1 on the front-end interface flange cover 7, passes through the vacuum transmission channel formed by the vacuum tube assembly 3, and directly bombards the graphite 202 in the absorber assembly 2. Due to its excellent radiation resistance, graphite 202 can directly withstand electron beam bombardment of up to 8 GeV without rapid damage.

[0165] When the electron beam bombards the graphite 202, the kinetic energy of the beam is converted into heat energy, generating a large amount of heat. This heat first spreads inside the graphite 202, and then is transferred to the external copper 201 through the brazing interface. Due to its extremely high thermal conductivity, the copper 201 can quickly diffuse the heat to the surroundings and transfer it to the absorber cooling water pipe 424 embedded in the copper 201.

[0166] When the cooling water system is working, cooling water enters the device from the main inlet pipe 421 and is evenly distributed to the cooling water pipes 423 and absorber cooling water pipes 424 through the two-layer inlet annular cavity 410-1 of the distributor 410. The cooling water pipes 423 are used to cool other parts of the device, while the absorber cooling water pipes 424 are directly embedded in the copper 201, responsible for carrying away most of the heat generated by the absorber assembly 2. The cooling water flows within the absorber cooling water pipes 424, absorbs heat, and then passes through the loop connected by the U-shaped pipe 425 before being collected through the two-layer outlet annular cavity 410-2 of the distributor 410 and discharged from the device through the main outlet pipe 422.

[0167] The multi-layer annular cavity design of the water distributor 410 ensures that each cooling water pipe receives uniform water flow, avoiding localized overheating. The embedded cooling structure significantly improves heat dissipation efficiency, allowing heat to be quickly carried away by the cooling water after it is generated, preventing heat accumulation that could damage the materials.

[0168] The vacuum tube assembly 3 and the absorber assembly 2 are sealed together to form a complete vacuum transmission channel, ensuring the transmission of the electron beam in a high vacuum environment and reducing energy loss and scattering. The shielding assembly 5 is arranged around the outside of the vacuum tube assembly 3 to effectively block the secondary radiation generated by the high-energy electron beam, protecting the surrounding environment and personnel.

[0169] Support assembly 6 and stainless steel sleeve assembly 1 provide multi-layered support and protection, ensuring the structural stability of the entire unit under high-power operating conditions. The traction system and guiding system facilitate the installation, positioning, and maintenance of the unit, improving the system's reliability and maintainability.

[0170] Furthermore, when the electron beam enters from the vacuum tube assembly 3 and bombards the graphite 202 of the absorber assembly 2, the graphite absorbs the energy of the electron beam and converts it into heat. Since the graphite and copper 201 are brazed, the heat can be quickly and effectively conducted from the graphite to the copper. Simultaneously, the pre-drilled pores 201-1 on the copper can connect to the internal air chambers 202-1 of the graphite, ensuring a stable vacuum seal within the absorber assembly and guaranteeing normal electron beam transmission. Once the heat reaches the copper 201, it is transferred to the cooling water inside the absorber cooling water pipe 424 embedded in the copper. The cooling water circulates within the cooling water system assembly 4, continuously carrying away the heat generated by the absorber assembly. The core component of the cooling water system is the water distributor 410, which employs a design with two layers of inlet annular chambers 410-1 and two layers of outlet annular chambers 410-2. This design evenly distributes the cooling water flow, ensuring equal flow to each cooling water pipe and preventing localized overheating or insufficient flow. Specifically, cooling water first enters the distributor 410 through the main inlet pipe 421, where it is evenly distributed in the inlet annular cavity 410-1, and then flows into the individual cooling water pipes 423 and the absorber cooling water pipes 424. The absorber cooling water pipes are in close contact with the copper, directly absorbing heat from the copper. After flowing through the absorber cooling water pipes, the cooling water is connected sequentially through U-shaped pipes 425, finally converging into the outlet annular cavity 410-2 of the distributor, and then flowing out through the main outlet pipe 422. In this way, the cooling water forms a complete circulation loop inside the absorber assembly, continuously carrying away heat and achieving efficient heat dissipation. During the operation of the cooling device, the vacuum tube assembly 3 plays a role in maintaining the vacuum environment and ensuring the normal transmission of the electron beam. The sealing ring leak detection groove set on the vacuum flange 304 can detect the sealing performance of the vacuum cavity in real time and deal with problems in a timely manner. At the same time, the shielding assembly 5 surrounds the vacuum tube assembly and consists of a shielding shell 501 and a shielding material layer 502, which can effectively block the radiation generated by the electron beam bombardment and ensure the safety of the personnel. The entire cooling device achieves reliable support and positioning through the support assembly 6 and the stainless steel sleeve assembly 1. The internal support ring 601 and the internal auxiliary support ring 602 fit tightly together to support the absorber assembly, while the external support device 603 is welded to the stainless steel sleeve assembly, providing overall structural support. The stainless steel front sleeve 101 and the stainless steel rear sleeve 102 are fastened with screws and welded together to form a robust outer shell. The guide rod 11 is welded to the stainless steel sleeve assembly, serving a positioning and anti-deflection function. In summary, this embodiment absorbs electron beam energy and converts it into heat through the absorber assembly, the cooling water system efficiently and evenly removes heat, the vacuum and shielding system ensures safe and reliable operation, and the support and positioning system guarantees device stability. The various components cooperate and work together to ultimately achieve effective cooling and long-life operation of high-power radiation.

[0171] Technical parameters and practical application effects

[0172] This cooling device is suitable for 8GeV high-power radiation environments, effectively withstanding direct bombardment from high-energy electron beams and efficiently dissipating the generated heat. The main technical parameters are as follows:

[0173] Maximum applicable beam energy: 8 GeV

[0174] Absorber material: Internal graphite + external copper composite structure

[0175] Cooling method: Embedded water cooling

[0176] Vacuum degree: better than 10^-6 Pa

[0177] Maximum operating temperature: The graphite part can withstand temperatures above 1000℃, while the copper part's operating temperature is controlled below 200℃.

[0178] Expected service life: More than 5 years under normal working conditions

[0179] In practical applications, this cooling device, through the synergistic combination of several innovative technologies such as graphite-copper composite structure, multi-layer annular cavity water distributor design, and embedded cooling system, has successfully solved the technical problems of insufficient heat dissipation, poor radiation resistance, and short service life in existing technologies, achieving effective heat dissipation of 8GeV high-power rays and having a long service life and safety.

[0180] It should be noted that in the above embodiments, the graphite-copper composite structure enables the absorber assembly to directly withstand the bombardment of high-energy electron beams without rapid damage. The embedded cooling structure and multi-layer annular cavity water distributor design ensure efficient and uniform heat dissipation. The vent and cavity design ensures the formation of a vacuum-sealed cavity, maintaining a high-quality vacuum environment. The multi-layer support design prevents vibration and deformation, ensuring the structural stability of the device under high-power operating conditions. The traction and guiding systems facilitate automatic replacement and positioning of the device, improving maintenance efficiency and safety.

[0181] The above embodiments have the following technical effects:

[0182] First, the absorber assembly 2 used in the above embodiment is a composite structure composed of inner graphite 202 and outer copper 201, welded together by a brazing process, achieving both excellent radiation resistance and efficient heat dissipation. Graphite 202 has excellent radiation resistance, low activation dose, and high temperature resistance, allowing it to directly withstand bombardment by electron beams without rapid damage; while the outer copper 201 has extremely high thermal conductivity, rapidly dissipating the heat generated by the graphite. This composite structure enables the cooling device to withstand 8 GeV high-power radiation bombardment, significantly improving the device's service life and safety.

[0183] Secondly, the pores 201-1 on the copper 201 that extend to the graphite layer are connected to the gas cavity 202-1 inside the graphite, ensuring that a vacuum-sealed cavity is formed inside the absorber assembly 2. This design solves the problem of maintaining vacuum in high-power operating environments, enabling the device to maintain a stable vacuum environment even under high-intensity electron beam bombardment, preventing scattering and energy loss caused by insufficient vacuum.

[0184] The water distributor 410 design used in cooling water system component 4 is another core innovation of the above embodiments. The water distributor 410 features a unique structure design with two layers of inlet annular chambers 410-1 and two layers of outlet annular chambers 410-2, based on hydraulic structural characteristics. This achieves precise and uniform distribution of cooling water flow, avoiding the phenomenon of empty flow in the cooling water pipes. This design provides excellent heat exchange performance while ensuring low flow resistance and low pressure drop, allowing each cooling water pipe 423 and absorber cooling water pipe 424 to receive uniform water flow, thereby achieving efficient heat dissipation for the entire system.

[0185] The design of embedding the absorber cooling water pipe 424 within the copper 201 is the third key innovation of the above embodiment. Through a tight fit with pre-drilled cooling water holes in the copper 201, the absorber cooling water pipe 424 can directly contact the copper 201, forming an efficient heat transfer path. Compared to traditional external cooling methods, this embedded cooling structure significantly improves heat dissipation efficiency, allowing heat to be rapidly carried away by cooling water after generation, preventing heat accumulation and material damage. When the electron beam bombards the graphite 202, generating heat, the heat is rapidly transferred to the copper 201 and then efficiently carried away by the cooling water within the embedded absorber cooling water pipe 424, achieving effective heat dissipation of the 8 GeV high-power radiation.

[0186] Vacuum tube assembly 3 is welded from pipe fittings, a tapered tube, a transition section, and a vacuum flange 304, forming a complete vacuum transmission channel with a sealed connection to absorber assembly 2. The sealing ring leak detection groove on the vacuum flange 304 provides convenient vacuum level detection, ensuring the reliability and safety of the system operation.

[0187] To prevent radiation generated during operation, the above embodiment also includes a shielding assembly 5 consisting of a shielding shell 501 and a shielding material layer 502, which is arranged around the outside of the vacuum tube assembly 3. The through-tube sleeve on the shielding shell 501 cleverly solves the problem of the water inlet main pipe 421 and the water outlet main pipe 422 passing through the shielding body, ensuring the normal operation of the cooling system without affecting the shielding effect.

[0188] The support assembly 6 consists of an inner support ring 601, an inner auxiliary support ring 602, and an outer support device 603, providing multi-layered support and protection. The inner support ring 601 and the inner auxiliary support ring 602 fit tightly together and directly support the absorber assembly 2, while the outer support device 603 is welded to the stainless steel sleeve assembly 1 to form an integral support structure. This multi-layered support design effectively prevents vibration and deformation that may occur under high-power operating conditions, ensuring the structural stability of the entire device.

[0189] The stainless steel sleeve assembly 1, the front interface flange cover 7, the front interface flange 9, and the rear flange cover 8 constitute the external protection and connection system of the device. The traction tongue 10 welded to the front interface flange cover 7, along with its automatic replacement device connection hole 10-1 and oblong hole 10-2, enables the automatic replacement function of the device, greatly improving maintenance efficiency and safety. Simultaneously, the guide rod 11 welded to the stainless steel sleeve assembly 1 provides positioning and anti-deflection functions for the device, ensuring that the device maintains the correct position and orientation during installation and operation.

[0190] In summary, the high-power radiation cooling device described in the above embodiments, through the synergistic combination of several innovative technologies such as a graphite-copper composite structure, a multi-layer annular water distributor design, and an embedded cooling system, successfully solves the technical problems of insufficient heat dissipation, poor radiation resistance, and short service life in existing technologies. It achieves effective heat dissipation of 8 GeV high-power radiation, possesses a long service life and high safety, and can be widely applied to high-power radiation cooling in particle accelerators and nuclear power fields. Furthermore, this cooling device can also be applied to other fields requiring efficient heat dissipation, such as molten salt pumps, and has broad application prospects.

[0191] It should be noted that in this patent application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element. In this patent application, if it refers to performing an action according to an element, it means performing the action at least according to that element, including two cases: performing the action only according to that element, and performing the action according to that element and other elements. Expressions such as "multiple," "repeatedly," and "various" include two, two times, two kinds, and more than two, more than two times, and more than two kinds.

[0192] All documents mentioned in this application are considered to be incorporated in their entirety into the disclosure of this application so that they can serve as a basis for modifications if necessary. Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading the foregoing disclosure of this application, those skilled in the art can make various alterations or modifications to this application, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

Claims

1. A cooling device suitable for high-power radiation, characterized in that, include: The absorber assembly (2) includes an inner graphite (202) and an outer copper (201). The graphite (202) and the copper (201) are welded together by a brazing process. The copper (201) is provided with pores (201-1) that penetrate to the graphite layer, which are used to connect the air cavity (202-1) inside the graphite to ensure that a vacuum-sealed cavity is formed inside the absorber assembly (2). The cooling water system component (4) includes a water distributor (410), an inlet main pipe (421), an outlet main pipe (422), a cooling water pipe (423), an absorber cooling water pipe (424), and a U-shaped pipe (425). The water distributor (410) adopts a multi-layer annular cavity design for uniformly distributing the cooling water flow. The absorber cooling water pipe (424) is embedded in the copper (201) and connected to the U-shaped pipe (425) to remove the heat generated by the absorber assembly (2); The main inlet pipe (421) and the main outlet pipe (422) are respectively connected to the water distributor (410). The cooling water pipe (423) and the absorber cooling water pipe (424) are connected to the main inlet pipe (421) and the main outlet pipe (422) through the water distributor (410). The U-shaped pipe (425) is connected to the adjacent absorber cooling water pipe (424) in sequence to form a cooling water circulation loop. The electron beam bombards the graphite (202) to generate heat, which is transferred to the copper (201) and carried away by the cooling water in the absorber cooling water pipe (424) embedded in the copper (201), thereby achieving heat dissipation of high-power radiation.

2. The cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water distributor (410) adopts a design with two layers of inlet ring cavity (410-1) and two layers of outlet ring cavity (410-2) to ensure that the flow of each cooling water pipe is evenly distributed and to avoid the phenomenon of empty flow in the cooling water pipe.

3. The cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The absorber cooling water pipe (424) is installed in close fit with the cooling water hole reserved on the copper (201) and welded to the U-shaped pipe (425) to achieve direct heat transfer.

4. The cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a vacuum tube assembly (3), which is formed by welding a fitting, a tapered tube, a transition tube section and a vacuum flange (304). The fitting is directly connected to the absorber assembly (2), the tapered tube connects the fitting and the transition tube section, the transition tube section is welded to the vacuum flange (304), and the vacuum tube assembly (3) and the absorber assembly (2) are sealed together to form a vacuum cavity.

5. The cooling device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The vacuum flange (304) is provided with a sealing ring leak detection groove for detecting vacuum sealing performance.

6. The cooling device according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a shielding assembly (5), which consists of a shielding shell (501) and a shielding material layer (502), arranged around the outside of the vacuum tube assembly (3) to prevent radiation leakage.

7. The cooling device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The shield housing (501) is provided with a through-tube sleeve for the passage of the water inlet main pipe (421) and the water outlet main pipe (422).

8. The cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a support assembly (6), which consists of an inner support ring (601), an inner auxiliary support ring (602) and an outer support device (603). The inner support ring (601) and the inner auxiliary support ring (602) are closely fitted together and support the absorber assembly (2).

9. The cooling device according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes a stainless steel sleeve assembly (1), which is formed by fastening a stainless steel front sleeve (101) and a stainless steel rear sleeve (102) with screws and welding seal, and the external support device (603) is welded to the stainless steel sleeve assembly (1).

10. The cooling device according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a front interface flange cover (7), a front interface flange (9) and a rear flange cover (8), wherein the front interface flange cover (7) is fastened to the front interface flange (9) with screws, and the rear flange cover (8) is welded to the stainless steel rear sleeve (102).

11. The cooling device according to claim 10, characterized in that, A traction tongue (10) is welded to the front-end interface flange cover (7). The traction tongue (10) is provided with an automatic replacement device connection hole (10-1) and a waist-shaped hole (10-2) for automatic replacement.

12. The cooling device according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a guide rod (11), which is welded to the stainless steel sleeve assembly (1) for positioning and anti-deflection of the device.

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