Water conservancy project slope ecological restoration device based on photovoltaic and rainwater collection and storage cooperation and application method

Abstract

The invention discloses a water conservancy project slope ecological restoration device based on photovoltaic and rainwater collection and storage cooperation and an application method. Comprising a slope body, an anchoring system, a structural covering layer, a water bag layer structure, a drainage collecting system, a self-water-supply device and a solar panel structure. The anchoring system is formed by clamping a first anchoring structure and a second anchoring structure into a whole, the water bag layer structure triggers reaction through a drawing rope to achieve bottom layer supporting and concave filling, the drainage collecting system collects rainwater to a water storage tank, the self-water-supply device automatically regulates and controls soil moisture, and the solar panel structure can adjust the angle and considers light following and water collecting. The construction is carried out according to the sequence of slope cleaning, anchoring installation, layer laying, reaction triggering and device assembling, water is collected and stored in rainy days, and automatic drip irrigation is carried out in drought. The device integrates the functions of supporting, filling, water collecting, automatic irrigation and solar energy utilization, adapts to irregular sunken slopes, and improves the stability of the slopes and the survival rate of vegetation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope restoration technology, and in particular to an ecological restoration device and application method for water conservancy projects based on the synergy of photovoltaic and rainwater harvesting. Background Technology

[0002] During the construction of water conservancy infrastructure, large-scale excavation or natural collapse of slopes can easily create extensive heterogeneous depressions. These depressions not only exacerbate rainwater accumulation and soil erosion but also make conventional ecological restoration methods difficult to adapt to complex terrain, significantly reducing the effectiveness of slope greening and structural stability. Especially in areas with frequent heavy rainfall or intense sunlight, the dual demands for water regulation and structural support on slopes are even more pronounced. Therefore, improving the restoration effect of depressions and enhancing the sustainability of projects has become an urgent problem to be solved in the field of slope restoration technology.

[0003] In existing slope ecological restoration technologies, conventional methods such as hydroseeding, laying vegetation mats, and grid beam filling generally suffer from insufficient adaptability. When faced with large local depressions or irregular undulating terrain, they are prone to problems such as hollowing and collapse. At the same time, the lack of an automatic water regulation mechanism results in low vegetation survival rates in arid areas, increasing the burden of later maintenance.

[0004] The relevant patented technologies still have significant limitations: some vegetation mat technologies use a monolithic laying structure, which is only suitable for small or medium-sized pit slopes. When facing large-scale, deeply sunken slopes, the mat's flexibility and conformity are insufficient, making it difficult to achieve effective coverage and stable anchoring. Furthermore, they lack automatic irrigation systems, failing to meet the vegetation's water supply needs under long-term drought conditions. Some filling and restoration technologies use filling bags and water bags to fill depressions, but they lack rainwater collection capabilities, making it impossible to achieve water recycling and unsuitable for use on slopes that are neglected for extended periods. In addition, most existing technologies do not effectively integrate renewable energy utilization with ecological restoration needs, resulting in insufficient energy conservation, environmental protection, and operational sustainability in ecological engineering projects. This is particularly true in scenarios such as those near water conservancy projects with inconvenient transportation and power supply difficulties, making long-term stable operation challenging.

[0005] Specifically, for example, prior art document CN113863333B discloses a phosphogypsum-based vegetation blanket and its construction method for rapid greening of slopes with multiple pits. The blanket includes a single piece of vegetation laid within the pits of the slope. From bottom to top, the vegetation blanket comprises a filling layer, a water bag layer, and a plant growth layer. Anchor nails can be inserted into and penetrate the filling layer, water bag layer, and plant growth layer. The anchor nails are hollow inside and have connecting holes on their surface. This invention enables rapid greening and ecological restoration of uneven slopes with multiple pits. The vegetation blanket designed in this patent is a single-piece laying structure, primarily suitable for small or medium-sized pit slopes. When facing large, deeply recessed, or irregularly deformed slope areas, the flexibility and conformity of the single-piece blanket are limited, making it difficult to achieve effective coverage and stable anchoring, thus affecting the greening effect and slope stability. Furthermore, this patent relies solely on internal water-bag storage without an automatic or controllable irrigation system, making it difficult to continuously supply water to plants under prolonged drought or unstable rainfall conditions. This is detrimental to improving vegetation survival rates and reducing subsequent maintenance work. Prior art document CN113774930A discloses a phosphogypsum-based filling bag and its construction method for efficient repair of slope depressions. It primarily uses vegetation bags, filling bags, and water bags, which are directly placed into the depressions and covered with a barbed mesh to divide the depressions into multiple reaction zones. The water-bag and filling bags are punctured by rivets with hollow interiors and perforated outer walls, causing the filling bags to react and automatically fill the depressions. Water is then drained into the vegetation layer through the rivets, effectively irrigating the plants and achieving rapid slope greening and restoration. However, this structure lacks rainwater harvesting capabilities, and since slopes generally do not require long-term maintenance, an automatic irrigation system is needed.

[0006] In summary, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive slope restoration technology that can adapt to large depressions, combine structural support and ecological restoration functions, and integrate rainwater harvesting, automatic irrigation and efficient solar energy utilization, in order to solve many of the pain points of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a device and application method for ecological restoration of water conservancy engineering slopes based on the synergy of photovoltaic and rainwater harvesting, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an ecological restoration device for water conservancy engineering slopes based on the synergy of photovoltaic and rainwater harvesting, comprising an anchoring system and a drainage collection system installed on the slope, wherein the anchoring system includes a first anchoring structure and a second anchoring structure, the first anchoring structure being installed inside the slope, and the second anchoring structure being inserted through the structural cover layer and interlocked with the first anchoring structure to form an integral whole; a water bag layer structure is provided in the depression of the slope, the water bag layer structure comprising a hardened water bag layer and a filling layer laid from bottom to top in the depression of the slope. The water bag layer, both have evenly distributed circular holes, and the first anchoring structure passes through these holes for positioning; the drainage collection system includes a drainage pipe and a water guide pipe, the top of the drainage pipe is connected to a water interception ditch and the end is led into a side ditch, one end of the water guide pipe is connected to the drainage pipe and the other end is connected to a water storage tank; the lower end of the water storage tank is connected to a self-supplying water device for automatic soil irrigation, and the upper end of the second anchoring structure is connected to a solar panel structure, which can collect rainwater and send the collected rainwater into the drainage pipe through the hollow pipe inside the second anchoring structure.

[0009] Preferably, the first anchoring structure has a cross-shaped fixing hole at its top, and the fixing hole has a groove inside; the second anchoring structure has a protruding buckle at its bottom, which is a cone-shaped structure divided into four parts downwards. The upper part of each part is connected to the top of the middle area by a spring, and the lower part of each part is hinged to the bottom of the middle area, so that it can open or close radially; the first anchoring structure and the second anchoring structure are engaged with the pin-type structure of the protruding buckle through the fixing hole. After the parts are inserted into the fixing hole, they automatically expand and are engaged in the internal groove to achieve a tight connection.

[0010] Preferably, the hardened-water bag layer has a strip-shaped cavity with gaps between the hardened layer and the water bag layer, and a pull rope is provided in the cavity. The hardened layer and the water bag layer have disposable tear strips at the ends of the strip-shaped cavity. The ends of the two tear strips are connected to the pull rope, and the other end of the pull rope extends to the top of the hardened-water bag layer and is provided with a pull ring. The contact reaction between the hardened layer and the water bag layer can be triggered by pulling the rope.

[0011] Preferably, the components of the hardened matrix in the hardened layer are as follows by weight: 1-2 parts of ceramsite, 6-8 parts of sand, 12-15 parts of cement, 1-2 parts of phosphogypsum, 0.8-1.2 parts of expanding agent, 0.1-0.3 parts of polyester fiber felt, and 0.5-1.5 parts of accelerator; the polyester fiber felt has a unit area weight of 400g / m² and a thickness of 2mm; the accelerator is sodium aluminate.

[0012] Preferably, a strip-shaped cavity with gaps is also provided between the filling layer and the water bag layer in the filling-water bag layer. A pull rope is provided in the cavity. The filling layer and the water bag layer are provided with disposable tear strips at the ends of the strip-shaped cavity. The ends of the two tear strips are connected to the pull rope. The other end of the pull rope extends to the top of the filling-water bag layer and is provided with a pull ring. The contact reaction between the filling layer and the water bag layer can be triggered by pulling the rope.

[0013] Preferably, the filling matrix in the filling layer is composed of the following components by weight: 3-4 parts of expanded clay, 5-6 parts of vermiculite, 4-5 parts of sand, 8-10 parts of cement, 2-4 parts of phosphogypsum, and 0.5-1 parts of expanding agent, wherein the expanding agent is a concrete expanding agent or a cement expanding agent.

[0014] Preferably, the structural covering layer consists of a soil layer, a cement blanket, and a board from top to bottom. Circular holes are evenly opened on the board for the insertion of the second anchoring structure. The cement blanket is laid on top of the board and hardened by watering. The soil layer is laid on top of the cement blanket and mixed with plant seeds. The structural covering layer forms a boundary constraint on the expanding material generated by the reaction of the filling-water bag layer.

[0015] Preferably, the self-supplying water device includes a shell connected to the lower end of a water storage tank. The shell is cylindrical, with a hollowed-out bottom area. Inside the hollowed-out area, there is a water-absorbing resin wrapped with a permeable cloth. The top of the water-absorbing resin is provided with a counterweight piston that slides and engages with the inner side of the shell. The top of the counterweight piston is hinged to the lower end of a connecting rod, the upper end of the connecting rod is hinged to one end of a lever, the middle of the lever is hinged to the inner side of the shell via a pin, the other end of the lever is hinged to the lower end of a drive rod, the upper end of the drive rod is hinged to the bottom of a connecting plate, the top of the connecting plate is connected to the bottom of a support rod, the top of the support rod is connected to the bottom of a cover plate, the top of the shell is open, and its top side is connected to a water outlet pipe. A limiting piston that slides and engages with the inner side of the shell is fixed on the surface of the support rod.

[0016] Preferably, the upper end of the second anchoring structure is a three-way pipe structure, wherein the left and right ends are respectively connected to the drainage pipe; the solar panel structure includes a vertical support pipe, the bottom of the vertical support pipe is connected to the top of the three-way pipe of the second anchoring structure, and multiple angle-adjustable photovoltaic panels are provided on the top side of the vertical support pipe, and a telescopic inclined support rod is hinged between the bottom of the photovoltaic panel and the side of the vertical support pipe; the inlet of the water guide pipe has an outward-flaring trumpet-shaped flare, and a sand-proof net is provided at the inlet.

[0017] In addition, the present invention also discloses an application method of the above-mentioned water conservancy project slope ecological restoration device based on the synergy of photovoltaic and rainwater harvesting, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the slope surface, remove large debris, rocks and waste, and complete the slope cleaning; Step 2: Excavate a drainage ditch at the top of the slope and a side ditch at the bottom of the slope. Insert the first anchoring structure into the slope at predetermined intervals along the concave slope surface to ensure that the first anchoring structure is installed securely. Step 3: Lay the hardening-water bag layer and the filling-water bag layer in the depression of the slope from bottom to top, so that the first anchoring structure is inserted into the pre-set evenly distributed circular holes of the two layers to achieve the positioning of the hardening-water bag layer and the filling-water bag layer. Step 4: First, lay the structural cover layer boards on the slope surface. The pre-set round holes on the boards correspond to the positions of the first anchoring structure. Then, lay a cement blanket on top of the boards. Insert the second anchoring structure through the round holes in the boards and cement blanket, and connect it with the first anchoring structure below through a pin-type structure to form a whole. Then, water the cement blanket to cure it until it hardens. Finally, lay a soil layer mixed with plant seeds on top of the cement blanket to complete the construction of the structural cover layer. Step 5: Pull the ring above the hardening-water bag layer. The pull rope triggers the one-time tear strip at the end of the strip cavity, allowing water from the water bag layer to enter the hardening layer and react with the hardening matrix inside. After the hardening layer has completely solidified and formed the bottom support, pull the ring above the filling-water bag layer again. The pull rope triggers the one-time tear strip at the end of the strip cavity, allowing water from the water bag layer to enter the filling layer and react with the filling matrix inside, causing expansion. Under the boundary constraint of the structural cover layer, this fills the depression in the slope. Step 6: Install drainage pipes at the interfaces on both sides of the tee pipe of the second anchoring structure, seal the interfaces with waterproof tape, connect the top of the drainage pipe to the intercepting ditch, and lead the end into the side ditch. Step 7: Install the water guide pipe at the preset position in the middle of the drainage pipe, ensuring that the flared opening of the water guide pipe faces the direction of water flow, and install the sand-proof net at the inlet in place. Connect the other end of the water guide pipe to the water storage tank, and then connect the outer shell of the self-supply device to the lower end of the water storage tank. Bury the lower end of the outer shell into the soil layer of the slope, so that the hollow structure at the bottom of the outer shell is in full contact with the soil. Step 8: Connect the bottom of the vertical support pipe of the solar panel structure to the top interface of the tee pipe of the second anchoring structure. Adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel by adjusting the length of the telescopic inclined support rod to adapt it to the lighting conditions and rainwater collection requirements. Step 9: Check the sealing and installation stability of each connection part, and adjust the linkage flexibility of the counterweight piston, connecting rod and lever parts of the self-watering device to ensure that the cover can be opened or closed normally when the soil moisture condition changes, and that the drip irrigation function of the water outlet pipe is normal. Step 10: During rainy days, rainwater in the intercepting ditch is directed into the side ditch through the drainage pipe. Rainwater collected by the photovoltaic panels is sent into the drainage pipe through the vertical support pipe and the hollow pipe inside the second anchoring structure. Some rainwater flows into the water storage tank through the water guide pipe. Step 11: When the soil is dry and lacks internal water, the water-absorbing resin in the self-watering device shrinks due to drying. Under the action of gravity, the counterweight piston drives the connecting rod to move downward, and pushes the drive rod upward through the lever rotation, thereby driving the upper connecting plate, support rod and cover plate to move upward, and finally opening the top of the outer shell, allowing the water inside the water tank to flow into the outer shell, and then flow out through the water outlet pipe to drip water to replenish the soil layer, so as to automatically irrigate the dry soil. Step 12: When the soil moisture is high, the water-absorbing resin in the self-watering device absorbs water and expands, thereby pushing the counterweight piston to move upward, driving the connecting rod to move upward, and pulling the drive rod downward through the lever rotation, thereby driving the upper connecting plate, support rod and cover plate to move downward, finally closing the top of the outer shell, stopping the water input, and realizing self-controlled irrigation.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. Adapting to concave terrain and enhancing slope stability: A unified anchoring system is formed through the pin-type interlocking design of the first and second anchoring structures. Combined with the bottom-up laying of a hardened-water bag layer, a filled-water bag layer, and a structural cover layer, it effectively adapts to large-scale, irregular concave slope terrain. The hardened-water bag layer solidifies upon being triggered by a pull rope, forming the underlying support. The filled-water bag layer expands and fills the concave areas after reaction. Under the boundary constraint of the structural cover layer, local bulges or voids are avoided, significantly improving slope smoothness and structural stability, and solving the problems of poor fit and easy collapse associated with conventional techniques.

[0019] 2. Efficient Rainwater Collection and Reduced Soil Erosion: Utilizing intercepting ditches, drainage pipes, and water diversion pipes within the drainage collection system, rainwater from the slope top, surface runoff, and rainwater collected by solar panels is directed into side ditches or storage tanks. The funnel-shaped flared opening of the water diversion pipes and the sand-proof netting design improve rainwater collection efficiency while preventing sand and gravel blockage. This design effectively diverts rainwater from the slope, reduces runoff erosion intensity, and simultaneously achieves rainwater resource storage, solving the pain points of rainwater accumulation and severe soil erosion on sunken slopes.

[0020] 3. Automatic Soil Moisture Regulation: The self-watering device senses soil moisture levels through absorbent resin and, in conjunction with a counterweight piston, levers, and other linkage mechanisms, automatically controls the opening and closing of the cover plate. Water is supplied via drip irrigation or stopped through the outlet pipe. This maintains long-term soil moisture without external energy, meeting the water needs for seed germination and vegetation growth while improving water resource utilization. It solves the problems of low vegetation survival rates and heavy post-planting maintenance burdens in arid regions.

[0021] 4. Enhance the synergistic effect of solar energy utilization and rainwater collection: The photovoltaic panels of the solar panel structure can be adjusted in angle through telescopic inclined support rods. This can not only adapt to the direction of sunlight and improve the solar energy conversion efficiency, but also guide rainwater to flow into the vertical support pipe by adjusting the tilt angle. The rainwater is then sent into the drainage pipe through the hollow pipe inside the second anchoring structure, thus achieving a synergistic effect of solar energy utilization and rainwater collection.

[0022] 5. Enhanced Engineering Adaptability and Sustainability: Each functional module can be flexibly deployed according to the site terrain. The snap-fit ​​structure of the anchoring system and the pull-trigger design of the water bag layer simplify the construction process, eliminating the need for complex equipment. The linkage between the solar panel structure and the energy storage device can meet the system's own needs without the need for an external power source, making it particularly suitable for water conservancy projects located in areas with inconvenient transportation and power supply difficulties. The overall device integrates support, ecological restoration, rainwater utilization, and solar energy conversion functions, achieving long-term stable operation and solving the problems of insufficient sustainability and limited adaptability of existing technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a slope ecological restoration device for water conservancy projects based on the synergy of photovoltaic and rainwater harvesting. Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the connection between the central water storage tank and the self-supply water device; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the self-supplied water system in China; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hardened-water bag layer structure; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the structural cover layer; Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the interconnection of the first anchorage, the second anchorage structure, and the solar panel structure. Figure 7 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the first anchorage structure in the middle; Figure 8 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the second anchoring structure. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] Example 1: As Figures 1 to 8As shown, an ecological restoration device for water conservancy engineering slopes based on the synergy of photovoltaic and rainwater harvesting includes an anchoring system 2 and a drainage collection system 5 installed on the slope 1. The anchoring system 2 includes a first anchoring structure 2.1 and a second anchoring structure 2.2. The first anchoring structure 2.1 is installed inside the slope 1, and the second anchoring structure 2.2 passes through the structural covering layer 3 and is snapped together with the first anchoring structure 2.1 to form an integral whole. A water bag layer structure 4 is provided in the recessed part of the slope 1. The water bag layer structure 4 includes a hardened water bag layer 4.1 and a filling water bag layer 4.2 laid from bottom to top in the recessed part of the slope 1. Both have uniformly distributed circular... The first anchoring structure 2.1 passes through a shaped hole to achieve positioning; the drainage collection system 5 includes a drainage pipe 5.1 and a water guide pipe 5.2. The top end of the drainage pipe 5.1 is connected to a water interception ditch 5.3, and the bottom end leads to a side ditch 5.4. One end of the water guide pipe 5.2 is connected to the drainage pipe 5.1, and the other end is connected to a water storage tank 5.5; the lower end of the water storage tank 5.5 is connected to a self-supplying water device 6 for automatic irrigation of the soil; the upper end of the second anchoring structure 2.2 is connected to a solar panel structure 7. The solar panel structure 7 can collect rainwater and send the collected rainwater into the drainage pipe 5.1 through the hollow pipe inside the second anchoring structure 2.2.

[0026] Preferably, the first anchoring structure 2.1 has a cross-shaped fixing hole at its top, with a groove inside the fixing hole; the second anchoring structure 2.2 has a protruding buckle at its bottom, which is a cone-shaped structure divided into four segments. The upper part of each segment is connected to the top of the middle area by a spring, and the lower part of each segment is hinged to the bottom of the middle area, allowing it to open or close radially. The first anchoring structure 2.1 and the second anchoring structure 2.2 are engaged with the protruding buckle through a pin-type structure with the fixing hole. After the segments are inserted into the fixing hole, they automatically expand and engage with the internal groove, achieving a tight connection. In this embodiment, the buckle segments close during insertion, and after insertion, the spring pushes the segments outward to clamp the fixing hole, forming a stable overall anchoring unit. Its connection is convenient and secure, improving the overall stability of the slope and solving the problems of complex installation and insufficient fit of conventional anchoring structures.

[0027] Preferably, in the hardening-water bag layer 4.1, a strip-shaped cavity with gaps is provided between the hardening layer and the water bag layer. A pull rope is provided inside the cavity. At the end of the strip-shaped cavity, the hardening layer and the water bag layer have disposable tear strips. The ends of the two tear strips are connected to the pull rope, and the other end of the pull rope extends above the hardening-water bag layer 4.1 and has a pull ring. Pulling the rope can trigger a contact reaction between the hardening layer and the water bag layer. In this embodiment, pulling the pull ring drives the pull rope, tearing the tear strips to open the channel, allowing the water in the water bag layer to contact the hardening layer matrix and undergo a hardening reaction. Its construction operation is simple, the timing of the hardening reaction can be precisely controlled, and a bottom layer support can be quickly formed, solving the problem of low efficiency in reinforcing the bottom layer of a sunken slope.

[0028] Preferably, the components of the hardened matrix within the hardened layer, by weight, are: 1-2 parts ceramsite, 6-8 parts sand, 12-15 parts cement, 1-2 parts phosphogypsum, 0.8-1.2 parts expanding agent, 0.1-0.3 parts polyester fiber felt, and 0.5-1.5 parts accelerator; the polyester fiber felt has a unit area weight of 400 g / m² and a thickness of 2 mm; the accelerator is sodium aluminate. In this embodiment, the components are mixed in proportion, and upon contact with water, the cement hydrates and sets; the phosphogypsum and expanding agent synergistically optimize the strength; the polyester fiber felt enhances toughness; and the accelerator accelerates curing. After hardening, it exhibits high strength, good toughness, and fast curing speed, meeting the strength and aging requirements of the bottom layer support for slopes, thus solving the problems of poor performance and slow curing of the hardened layer.

[0029] Preferably, the filling-water bag layer 4.2 also includes a gapped strip-shaped cavity between the filling layer and the water bag layer. A pull-out rope is installed within the cavity, and a disposable tear strip is provided at the end of each cavity. The ends of the two tear strips are connected to the pull-out rope, and the other end of the pull-out rope extends above the filling-water bag layer 4.2 and has a pull ring. Pulling the rope triggers a contact reaction between the filling layer and the water bag layer. This is consistent with the triggering method of the hardening-water bag layer: the pull-out rope tears the tear strip, allowing moisture to seep into the filling layer and triggering an expansion and hardening reaction. This process can precisely trigger the filling reaction according to the construction sequence, resulting in a tight fit to the depressed terrain after expansion, solving the problem of uneven filling of large-area depressions.

[0030] Preferably, the filling matrix in the filling layer comprises, by weight, 3-4 parts ceramsite, 5-6 parts vermiculite, 4-5 parts sand, 8-10 parts cement, 2-4 parts phosphogypsum, and 0.5-1 parts expanding agent, wherein the expanding agent is a concrete expanding agent or a cement expanding agent. Cement and phosphogypsum provide binding force, ceramsite and vermiculite enhance air permeability and water retention, and the expanding agent causes the matrix to expand and fill depressions upon contact with water. Its expansion rate is moderate, resulting in high density after filling while also possessing air permeability and water retention properties. This stabilizes the slope and promotes vegetation growth, solving the problem of single-function filling materials.

[0031] Preferably, the structural covering layer 3 consists of a soil layer, a cement blanket, and a board from top to bottom. The board has evenly spaced circular holes for the insertion of the second anchoring structure 2.2. The cement blanket is laid on top of the board and hardened by watering. The soil layer is laid on top of the cement blanket and contains plant seeds. The structural covering layer 3 provides boundary constraints on the expanding material generated by the reaction of the filling-water bag layer. In this embodiment, the board provides basic support, the cement blanket enhances overall rigidity after hardening by watering, and the soil layer provides a growth substrate for the plant seeds while simultaneously constraining the expansion range of the filling layer. It balances structural reinforcement and ecological restoration, provides good boundary constraints, avoids excessive expansion of the filling material, and solves the problem of balancing support and greening in slope restoration.

[0032] Preferably, the self-supplying water device 6 includes a housing 6.1 connected to the lower end of the water storage tank 5.5. The housing 6.1 has a cylindrical structure, and the bottom area inside the housing 6.1 has a hollow structure. Inside the hollow structure, there is a water-absorbing resin 6.2 wrapped with a water-permeable cloth. The top of the water-absorbing resin 6.2 has a counterweight piston 6.3 that slides with the inner side of the housing 6.1. The top of the counterweight piston 6.3 is hinged to the lower end of the connecting rod 6.4, and the upper end of the connecting rod 6.4 is hinged to one end of the lever 6.5. The lever 6.5 is hinged to the inner side of the outer shell 6.1 via a pin in the middle. The other end of the lever 6.5 is hinged to the lower end of the drive rod 6.6. The upper end of the drive rod 6.6 is hinged to the bottom of the connecting plate 6.7. The top of the connecting plate 6.7 is connected to the bottom of the support rod 6.8. The top of the support rod 6.8 is connected to the bottom of the cover plate 6.9. The top of the outer shell 6.1 is open, and its top side is connected to the water outlet pipe 6.10. A limiting piston 6.11 that slides and engages with the inner side of the outer shell 6.1 is fixedly provided on the surface of the support rod 6.8. When the soil is dry and lacks internal water, the water-absorbing resin 6.2 in the self-watering device 6 shrinks due to dryness. Under the action of gravity, the counterweight piston 6.3 drives the connecting rod 6.4 downward, and through the rotation of the lever 6.5, pushes the drive rod 6.6 upward, thereby driving the connecting plate 6.7, support rod 6.8, and cover plate 6.9 above to move upward, finally opening the top of the outer shell 6.1, allowing water from the water storage tank 5.5 to flow into the outer shell 6.1, and then flow out through the outlet pipe 6.10 to drip-irrigate the soil layer for automatic irrigation of dry soil. When the soil moisture is high, the water-absorbing resin 6.2 in the self-watering device 6 absorbs water and expands, thereby pushing the counterweight piston 6.3 upward, driving the connecting rod 6.4 upward, and through the rotation of the lever 6.5, pulling the drive rod 6.6 downward, thereby driving the connecting plate 6.7, support rod 6.8, and cover plate 6.9 above to move downward, finally closing the top of the outer shell 6.1, stopping water input, and realizing self-controlled irrigation. In addition, the limiting piston 6.11 in this embodiment can limit the movement of the support rod 6.8, and its piston part can play a sealing role to prevent water from leaking down.

[0033] Preferably, the upper end of the second anchoring structure 2.2 is a three-way pipe structure, with its left and right ends respectively connected to the drainage pipe 5.1; the solar panel structure 7 includes a vertical support pipe 7.1, the bottom of which is connected to the top of the three-way pipe of the second anchoring structure 2.2; multiple angle-adjustable photovoltaic panels 7.2 are provided on the top side of the vertical support pipe 7.1; a telescopic inclined support rod 7.3 is hinged between the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 7.2 and the side of the vertical support pipe 7.1; the inlet of the water guide pipe 5.2 has an outward-flaring flared opening, and a sand-proof net is provided at the inlet. With this design, the photovoltaic panels can adjust their angle to track the light through the telescopic inclined support rod, while simultaneously guiding rainwater to flow into the vertical support pipe, and then into the drainage pipe through the three-way pipe; the flared opening of the water guide pipe improves water collection efficiency, and the sand-proof net blocks sand and gravel. Its advantages are: synergistic effect of solar energy conversion and rainwater harvesting, anti-clogging design to ensure long-term system operation, adaptability to different light conditions, and solving the problems of single function and easy clogging of existing photovoltaic devices.

[0034] Example 2: An application method of the above-mentioned ecological restoration device for slopes in water conservancy projects based on the synergy of photovoltaic and rainwater harvesting includes the following steps: Step 1: Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the slope surface, remove large debris, rocks and waste, and complete the slope cleaning; Step 2: Excavate a drainage ditch 5.3 at the top of slope 1 and a side ditch 5.4 at the bottom of slope 1. Insert the first anchoring structure 2.1 into the interior of slope 1 at predetermined intervals along the concave slope surface of slope 1 to ensure that the first anchoring structure 2.1 is installed firmly. Step 3: From bottom to top, lay the hardened-water bag layer 4.1 and the filled-water bag layer 4.2 in the depression of the slope 1, so that the first anchoring structure 2.1 is inserted into the pre-set evenly distributed circular holes of the two, thereby realizing the positioning of the hardened-water bag layer 4.1 and the filled-water bag layer 4.2. Step 4: First, lay the structural cover layer 3 on the slope surface of slope 1. The pre-set round holes on the board correspond to the positions of the first anchoring structure 2.1. Then, lay a cement blanket on top of the board. Insert the second anchoring structure 2.2 through the round holes in the board and cement blanket and connect it with the first anchoring structure 2.1 below through a pin-type structure to form a whole. Then, water the cement blanket to cure it until it hardens. Finally, lay a soil layer mixed with plant seeds on top of the cement blanket to complete the construction of the structural cover layer 3. Step 5: Pull the pull ring above the hardening-water bag layer 4.1. Trigger the one-time tear strip at the end of the strip cavity by pulling the rope. This allows water in the water bag layer to enter the hardening layer and react with the hardening matrix in the hardening layer. After the hardening layer has completely solidified and formed the bottom support, pull the pull ring above the filling-water bag layer 4.2. Trigger the one-time tear strip at the end of its strip cavity by pulling the rope. This allows water in the water bag layer to enter the filling layer and react with the filling matrix in the filling layer to produce expansion. Under the boundary constraint of the structural cover layer 3, this fills the depression in the slope 1. Step 6: Install drainage pipes 5.1 at the interfaces on both sides of the tee pipe of the second anchoring structure 2.2, seal the interfaces with waterproof tape, connect the top of drainage pipe 5.1 to the intercepting ditch 5.3, and lead the end into the side ditch 5.4; Step 7: Install the water guide pipe 5.2 at the preset position in the middle of the drainage pipe 5.1, ensuring that the flared opening of the water guide pipe 5.2 faces the direction of water flow, and that the sand-proof net at the inlet is installed in place. Connect the other end of the water guide pipe 5.2 to the water storage tank 5.5, and then connect the outer shell 6.1 of the self-supply device 6 to the lower end of the water storage tank 5.5. Bury the lower end of the outer shell 6.1 into the soil layer of the slope 1, so that the hollow structure at the bottom of the outer shell 6.1 is in full contact with the soil. Step 8: Connect the bottom of the vertical support pipe 7.1 of the solar panel structure 7 to the top interface of the tee pipe of the second anchoring structure 2.2. Adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel 7.2 by adjusting the length of the telescopic inclined support rod 7.3 to adapt to the lighting conditions and rainwater collection requirements. Step 9: Check the sealing and installation stability of each connection part, and adjust the linkage flexibility of the counterweight piston 6.3, connecting rod 6.4, and lever 6.5 of the self-watering device 6 to ensure that the cover plate 6.9 can open or close normally when the soil moisture condition changes, and that the drip irrigation function of the water outlet pipe 6.10 is normal. Step 10: During rainy days, rainwater in the intercepting ditch 5.3 is directed into the side ditch 5.4 through the drainage pipe 5.1. Rainwater collected by the photovoltaic panel 7.2 is sent into the drainage pipe 5.1 through the vertical support pipe 7.1 and the hollow pipe inside the second anchoring structure 2.2. Some rainwater flows into the water storage tank 5.5 through the water guide pipe 5.2 for storage. Step 11: When the soil is dry and lacks internal water, the water-absorbing resin 6.2 in the self-watering device 6 shrinks due to drying. Under the action of gravity, the counterweight piston 6.3 drives the connecting rod 6.4 to move downward, and pushes the drive rod 6.6 upward through the rotation of the lever 6.5. This drives the connecting plate 6.7, support rod 6.8 and cover plate 6.9 above to move upward, and finally opens the top of the outer shell 6.1, allowing the water inside the water storage tank 5.5 to flow into the outer shell 6.1, and then flow out through the water outlet pipe 6.10 to drip-irrigate the soil layer and automatically irrigate the dry soil. Step 12: When the soil moisture is high, the water-absorbing resin 6.2 in the self-watering device 6 absorbs water and expands, thereby pushing the counterweight piston 6.3 to move upward, driving the connecting rod 6.4 to move upward, and pulling the drive rod 6.6 downward through the rotation of the lever 6.5, thereby driving the upper connecting plate 6.7, support rod 6.8 and cover plate 6.9 to move downward, finally closing the top of the outer shell 6.1, stopping the water input, and realizing self-controlled irrigation.

[0035] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be limited to the technical solutions described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A slope ecological restoration device for water conservancy projects based on the synergy of photovoltaic and rainwater harvesting, comprising a slope body (1), an anchoring system (2) installed on the slope body (1), and a drainage collection system (5), characterized in that, The anchoring system (2) includes a first anchoring structure (2.1) and a second anchoring structure (2.2). The first anchoring structure (2.1) is located inside the slope (1), and the second anchoring structure (2.2) passes through the structural covering layer (3) and is snapped together with the first anchoring structure (2.1) to form an integral whole. The recessed part of the slope (1) is provided with a water bag layer structure (4). The water bag layer structure (4) includes a hardened water bag layer (4.1) and a filling water bag layer (4.2) laid from bottom to top in the recessed part of the slope (1). Both have evenly distributed circular holes. The first anchoring structure (2.1) passes through these holes to achieve positioning. The drainage collection The system (5) includes a drainage pipe (5.1) and a water guide pipe (5.2). The top end of the drainage pipe (5.1) is connected to the intercepting ditch (5.3) and the bottom end is connected to the side ditch (5.4). One end of the water guide pipe (5.2) is connected to the drainage pipe (5.1) and the other end is connected to the water storage tank (5.5). The lower end of the water storage tank (5.5) is connected to the self-water supply device (6) for automatic irrigation of the soil. The upper end of the second anchoring structure (2.2) is connected to the solar panel structure (7). The solar panel structure (7) can collect rainwater and send the collected rainwater into the drainage pipe (5.1) through the hollow pipe inside the second anchoring structure (2.2).

2. The ecological restoration device for water conservancy engineering slopes based on the synergy of photovoltaic and rainwater harvesting as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first anchoring structure (2.1) has a cross-shaped fixing hole at its top, and the fixing hole has a groove inside; the second anchoring structure (2.2) has a protruding buckle at its bottom, which is a cone-shaped structure divided into four parts. The upper part of each part is connected to the top of the middle area by a spring, and the lower part of each part is hinged to the bottom of the middle area, so that it can open or close radially; the first anchoring structure (2.1) and the second anchoring structure (2.2) are engaged with the pin-type structure of the protruding buckle through the fixing hole. After the parts are inserted into the fixing hole, they automatically expand and are engaged in the internal groove to achieve a tight connection.

3. The ecological restoration device for water conservancy engineering slopes based on the synergy of photovoltaic and rainwater harvesting as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The hardened-water bag layer (4.1) has a strip-shaped cavity with gaps between the hardened layer and the water bag layer. A pull rope is provided in the cavity. The hardened layer and the water bag layer have disposable tear strips at the ends of the strip-shaped cavity. The ends of the two tear strips are connected to the pull rope. The other end of the pull rope extends to the top of the hardened-water bag layer (4.1) and is provided with a pull ring. The contact reaction between the hardened layer and the water bag layer can be triggered by pulling the rope.

4. The ecological restoration device for water conservancy engineering slopes based on the synergy of photovoltaic and rainwater harvesting as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The components of the hardened matrix within the hardened layer, by weight, are as follows: 1-2 parts ceramsite, 6-8 parts sand, 12-15 parts cement, 1-2 parts phosphogypsum, 0.8-1.2 parts expanding agent, 0.1-0.3 parts polyester fiber felt, and 0.5-1.5 parts accelerator; the polyester fiber felt has a unit area weight of 400 g / m² and a thickness of 2 mm; the accelerator is sodium aluminate.

5. The ecological restoration device for water conservancy engineering slopes based on the synergy of photovoltaic and rainwater harvesting as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The filling-water bag layer (4.2) also has a strip-shaped cavity with gaps between the filling layer and the water bag layer. A pull rope is provided in the cavity. The filling layer and the water bag layer have disposable tear strips at the ends of the strip-shaped cavity. The ends of the two tear strips are connected to the pull rope. The other end of the pull rope extends to the top of the filling-water bag layer (4.2) and is provided with a pull ring. The contact reaction between the filling layer and the water bag layer can be triggered by pulling the rope.

6. The ecological restoration device for water conservancy engineering slopes based on the synergy of photovoltaic and rainwater harvesting as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The filling matrix in the filling layer is composed of the following components by weight: 3-4 parts of expanded clay, 5-6 parts of vermiculite, 4-5 parts of sand, 8-10 parts of cement, 2-4 parts of phosphogypsum, and 0.5-1 parts of expanding agent, wherein the expanding agent is a concrete expanding agent or a cement expanding agent.

7. The ecological restoration device for water conservancy engineering slopes based on the synergy of photovoltaic and rainwater harvesting as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The structural covering layer (3) consists of a soil layer, a cement blanket and a board from top to bottom. The board has evenly spaced round holes for the insertion of the second anchoring structure (2.2). The cement blanket is laid on top of the board and hardened by watering. The soil layer is laid on top of the cement blanket and mixed with plant seeds. The structural covering layer (3) forms a boundary constraint on the expansion material generated by the reaction of the filling-water bag layer.

8. The ecological restoration device for water conservancy engineering slopes based on the synergy of photovoltaic and rainwater harvesting as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The self-supplying water device (6) includes a shell (6.1) connected to the lower end of a water storage tank (5.5). The shell (6.1) is a cylindrical structure. The bottom area inside the shell (6.1) is a hollow structure, and inside the hollow structure is a water-absorbing resin (6.2) wrapped with a water-permeable cloth. The top of the water-absorbing resin (6.2) is provided with a counterweight piston (6.3) that slides with the inside of the shell (6.1). The top of the counterweight piston (6.3) is hinged to the lower end of a connecting rod (6.4), and the upper end of the connecting rod (6.4) is hinged to one end of a lever (6.5). 6.5) The middle part is hinged to the inner side of the outer shell (6.1) by a pin. The other end of the lever (6.5) is hinged to the lower end of the drive rod (6.6). The upper end of the drive rod (6.6) is hinged to the bottom of the connecting plate (6.7). The top of the connecting plate (6.7) is connected to the bottom of the support rod (6.8). The top of the support rod (6.8) is connected to the bottom of the cover plate (6.9). The top of the outer shell (6.1) is open, and its top side is connected to the water outlet pipe (6.10). The surface of the support rod (6.8) is fixedly provided with a limiting piston (6.11) that slides with the inner side of the outer shell (6.1).

9. The ecological restoration device for water conservancy engineering slopes based on the synergy of photovoltaic and rainwater harvesting as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The upper end of the second anchoring structure (2.2) is a three-way pipe structure, with the left and right ends connected to the drainage pipe (5.1) respectively; the solar panel structure (7) includes a vertical support pipe (7.1), the bottom of the vertical support pipe (7.1) is connected to the top of the three-way pipe of the second anchoring structure (2.2), and the top side of the vertical support pipe (7.1) is provided with multiple angle-adjustable photovoltaic panels (7.2), and the bottom of the photovoltaic panel (7.2) is hinged to the side of the vertical support pipe (7.1) with a telescopic inclined support rod (7.3); the inlet of the water guide pipe (5.2) is provided with an outward-turned horn-shaped flare, and the inlet is provided with a sand-proof net.

10. A method for applying the ecological restoration device for water conservancy engineering slopes based on the synergistic effect of photovoltaic and rainwater harvesting as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the slope (1) and remove large debris, stones and waste from the slope to complete the slope cleaning; Step 2: Excavate a water interception ditch (5.3) at the top of the slope (1) and a side ditch (5.4) at the bottom of the slope (1). Insert the first anchoring structure (2.1) into the interior of the slope (1) at predetermined intervals along the concave slope surface of the slope (1) to ensure that the first anchoring structure (2.1) is installed firmly. Step 3: From bottom to top, lay the hardened-water bag layer (4.1) and the filled-water bag layer (4.2) in the depression of the slope (1) so that the first anchoring structure (2.1) is inserted into the pre-set uniformly distributed circular holes of the two to realize the positioning of the hardened-water bag layer (4.1) and the filled-water bag layer (4.2); Step 4: First, lay the structural cover layer (3) board on the slope (1). The pre-set round holes on the board correspond to the positions of the first anchoring structure (2.1). Then, lay a cement blanket on top of the board. Insert the second anchoring structure (2.2) through the round holes of the board and cement blanket, and connect it with the first anchoring structure (2.1) below through a pin-type structure to form a whole. Then, water the cement blanket to cure it until it hardens. Finally, lay a soil layer mixed with plant seeds on top of the cement blanket to complete the construction of the structural cover layer (3). Step 5: Pull the pull ring above the hardening-water bag layer (4.1) and trigger the one-time tear strip at the end of the strip cavity by pulling the rope, so that the water in the water bag layer enters the hardening layer and reacts with the hardening matrix in the hardening layer. After the hardening layer is completely cured and forms the bottom support, pull the pull ring above the filling-water bag layer (4.2) and trigger the one-time tear strip at the end of its strip cavity by pulling the rope, so that the water in the water bag layer enters the filling layer and reacts with the filling matrix in the filling layer to produce expansion, filling the depression of the slope (1) under the boundary constraint of the structural cover layer (3); Step 6: Install drainage pipes (5.1) at the interfaces of the left and right ends of the tee pipe of the second anchoring structure (2.2), seal the interfaces with waterproof tape, so that the top of the drainage pipe (5.1) is connected to the intercepting ditch (5.3), and the end is led into the side ditch (5.4). Step 7: Install the water guide pipe (5.2) at the preset position in the middle of the drainage pipe (5.1), ensure that the flared opening of the water guide pipe (5.2) faces the direction of water flow, install the sand protection net at the inlet in place, connect the other end of the water guide pipe (5.2) to the water storage tank (5.5), then connect the outer shell (6.1) of the self-supply device (6) to the lower end of the water storage tank (5.5), bury the lower end of the outer shell (6.1) into the soil layer of the slope (1), so that the hollow structure at the bottom of the outer shell (6.1) is in full contact with the soil; Step 8: Connect the bottom of the vertical support pipe (7.1) of the solar panel structure (7) to the top interface of the three-way pipe of the second anchoring structure (2.2). Adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel (7.2) by adjusting the length of the telescopic inclined support rod (7.3) to adapt it to the lighting conditions and rainwater collection requirements. Step 9: Check the sealing and installation stability of each connection part, and adjust the linkage flexibility of the counterweight piston (6.3), connecting rod (6.4), and lever (6.5) of the self-water supply device (6) to ensure that the cover plate (6.9) can open or close normally when the soil moisture status changes, and the drip irrigation function of the outlet pipe (6.10) is normal. Step 10: During rainy weather, rainwater in the intercepting ditch (5.3) is directed into the side ditch (5.4) through the drainage pipe (5.1). Rainwater collected by the photovoltaic panel (7.2) is sent into the drainage pipe (5.1) through the vertical support pipe (7.1) and the hollow pipe inside the second anchoring structure (2.2). Some rainwater flows into the water storage tank (5.5) through the water guide pipe (5.2) for storage. Step 11: When the soil is dry and lacks internal water, the water-absorbing resin (6.2) in the self-watering device (6) shrinks due to dryness. The counterweight piston (6.3) drives the connecting rod (6.4) to move downward under the action of gravity, and pushes the drive rod (6.6) to move upward through the rotation of the lever (6.5), thereby driving the upper connecting plate (6.7), support rod (6.8) and cover plate (6.9) to move upward, and finally open the top of the outer shell (6.1), so that the water inside the water storage tank (5.5) flows into the outer shell (6.1), and then flows out along the water outlet pipe (6.10) to drip water to replenish the soil layer, so as to automatically irrigate the dry soil. Step 12: When the soil moisture is high, the water-absorbing resin (6.2) in the self-watering device (6) absorbs water and expands, thereby pushing the counterweight piston (6.3) to move upward, driving the connecting rod (6.4) to move upward, and pulling the drive rod (6.6) downward through the rotation of the lever (6.5), thereby driving the upper connecting plate (6.7), support rod (6.8) and cover plate (6.9) to move downward, and finally closing the top of the outer shell (6.1), stopping the water input, and realizing self-controlled irrigation.

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