Method, device and equipment for measuring fruit moisture transportation index, medium and product

Abstract

The invention provides a method, a device, equipment, a medium and a product for measuring a fruit moisture transportation index, and the method comprises the following steps: based on a gravity water head method, measuring xylem hydraulic resistance of a fruit stem and a calyx, xylem hydraulic resistance of the fruit stem and xylem hydraulic resistance of the calyx; measuring xylem water flow, phloem water flow and transpiration flow of the fruits based on a girdling method; acquiring an epidermis image of the fleshy fruit, and determining the vascular bundle density of the fruit epidermis based on the epidermis image; paraffin sections of the meat type fruits are obtained, and the xylem hydraulic conductivity is determined based on the paraffin sections; based on a pressure method, plant stem water potential and fruit water potential are measured. By means of the mode, a reliable measuring method can be provided for the relation between the fruit vascular bundle system and the moisture transportation function, research on the structure and the function of the fruit vascular bundle system is facilitated, and a necessary tool is provided for developing the water-saving conditioning irrigation theory from the angle of fruit moisture transportation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant physiology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, equipment, medium, and product for measuring fruit water transport indicators. Background Technology

[0002] Drought severely restricts agricultural production, while in arid and semi-arid regions, due to their abundant light and heat resources, crops such as tomatoes and grapes are widely grown. The high evaporation demand in arid and semi-arid regions leads to increased water consumption by crops, and because the available water resources are very limited, it is usually difficult to fully meet the water requirements for the healthy growth of crops, resulting in a significant reduction in crop yields.

[0003] Fleshy fruits such as tomatoes and grapes are the final harvested organs of crops, with water content accounting for 90% to 95% of the fresh weight of a single fruit. Carbohydrates synthesized through leaves are also transported to the fruit in the form of an aqueous solution. Therefore, water transport is crucial for the growth and quality formation of fleshy fruits. Although water deficit may lead to reduced crop yield, it may also improve crop quality to some extent. Traditional water-saving and quality-regulating irrigation theory starts from the physiological mechanisms of crops regarding water, yield, and quality, comprehensively considering the quantitative relationship between crop water, yield, and quality, and using multi-objective optimization decision-making to obtain water management strategies that optimize crop yield, quality, and economic benefits.

[0004] However, the mechanism of water transport from the parent plant to the fleshy fruit and its physiological response to deficit irrigation remain unclear. Therefore, clarifying this physiological mechanism will contribute to the further development of water-saving and quality-regulating irrigation theories.

[0005] Water and carbohydrates are transported from the parent plant to the fruit via the vascular bundle system of the pedicel and fruit. The vascular bundle is mainly composed of xylem, phloem, and parenchyma cells. Water transport is primarily influenced by hydraulic resistance and the difference in water potential between the plant stem and the fruit. Berries such as tomatoes and grapes, typical examples of fleshy fruits, develop from carpels, which are believed to have evolved from a special type of leaf. The most widely distributed vascular network in the fruit's vascular system is located in the mesocarp region of the pericarp. Current research has extensively investigated leaf vein structure and leaf size, as well as other important functional characteristics such as photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. However, research on the structural characteristics and functionality of the fruit's vascular bundle network, a key phenotypic trait, is scarce, primarily due to the lack of effective methods for measuring water transport indicators.

[0006] Therefore, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the response patterns of fleshy fruit growth and quality formation under different environmental factors, there is an urgent need for a method to measure fruit water transport indicators, so as to conduct research on the structure and function of the fruit vascular bundle system and provide necessary tools for developing water-saving and quality-regulating irrigation theories from the perspective of fruit water transport. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides a method, apparatus, equipment, medium, and product for measuring fruit moisture transport indicators, thereby addressing the deficiency in the prior art of lacking an effective method for measuring moisture transport indicators.

[0008] This invention provides a method for measuring fruit water transport indicators, comprising: determining the indicators to be measured; the indicators to be measured are water transport indicators of fleshy fruits, including the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel and calyx, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the calyx, the xylem water flow rate of the fruit, the phloem water flow rate, the transpiration flow rate, the vascular bundle density of the fruit epidermis, the xylem hydraulic conductance, the plant stem water potential, and the fruit water potential; measuring the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel and calyx, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel, and the xylem hydraulic resistance of the calyx based on the gravity head method; measuring the xylem water flow rate, the phloem water flow rate, and the transpiration flow rate of the fruit based on the girdling method; acquiring an image of the fleshy fruit epidermis, and determining the vascular bundle density of the fruit epidermis based on the epidermis image; acquiring a paraffin section of the fleshy fruit, and determining the xylem hydraulic conductance based on the paraffin section; and measuring the plant stem water potential and the fruit water potential based on the pressure method.

[0009] According to the present invention, a method for measuring fruit moisture transport indicators, based on the gravity head method, measures the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel and calyx, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel, and the xylem hydraulic resistance of the calyx. The method includes: obtaining a first fruit sample to be measured; the first fruit sample to be measured is a fleshy fruit sample containing the fruit, pedicel, and calyx; removing the fruit from the first fruit sample to be measured, retaining the pedicel and calyx, and introducing a rinsing solution into the pedicel and calyx, recording a first water flow velocity through the pedicel and calyx; removing the calyx, retaining the pedicel, and introducing a rinsing solution into the pedicel, recording a second water flow velocity through the pedicel; and calculating the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel and calyx, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel, and the xylem hydraulic resistance of the calyx based on the first and second water flow velocities.

[0010] According to the present invention, a method for measuring fruit water transport indicators, based on the girdling method, measures the xylem water flow, phloem water flow, and transpiration flow of a fruit, comprising: selecting a first fruit sample, a second fruit sample, and a third fruit sample; the first fruit sample, the second fruit sample, and the third fruit sample are at the same growth stage, the first fruit sample is an in-situ fleshy fruit sample, the second fruit sample is a fleshy fruit sample with its pedicel girdled, and the third fruit sample is an detached fleshy fruit sample; measuring the first fresh weight change of the first fruit sample, the second fresh weight change of the second fruit sample, and the third fresh weight change of the third fruit sample within a preset time period; and determining the xylem water flow, phloem water flow, and transpiration flow based on the first, second, and third fresh weight changes.

[0011] According to the present invention, a method for measuring fruit water transport indicators includes a method for measuring the vascular bundle density of the fruit epidermis, comprising total vascular bundle density, primary vascular bundle density, and secondary vascular bundle density. The method involves acquiring an image of the epidermis of a fleshy fruit and determining the vascular bundle density of the fruit epidermis based on the image, comprising: acquiring a second fruit sample to be measured; the second fruit sample to be measured being a fleshy fruit sample containing the fruit, pedicel, and calyx; sequentially subjecting the second fruit sample to be measured to heat treatment, cooling treatment, and decolorization treatment to obtain a sample to be observed, and acquiring an image of the epidermis of the sample to be observed; identifying the vascular bundles of the fruit epidermis in the image; the vascular bundles of the fruit epidermis comprising primary vascular bundles and secondary vascular bundles; measuring the total length, the length of the primary vascular bundles, and the length of the secondary vascular bundles of the fruit epidermis, and acquiring the area of ​​the fruit epidermis; and determining the total vascular bundle density, the primary vascular bundle density, and the secondary vascular bundle density based on the total length, the length of the primary vascular bundles, the length of the secondary vascular bundles, and the area of ​​the fruit epidermis.

[0012] According to the present invention, a method for measuring fruit water transport indicators involves obtaining paraffin sections of fleshy fruits and determining xylem hydraulic conductivity based on the paraffin sections. The method includes: obtaining paraffin sections of fleshy fruits; measuring the size and number of xylem vessels in the paraffin sections; and calculating xylem hydraulic conductivity based on the size and number using the Hagen-Poiseuille formula.

[0013] According to the present invention, a method for measuring fruit water transport indicators, based on a pressure method, measures the stem water potential and fruit water potential of a plant, comprising: selecting leaves of fleshy fruits on a fleshy plant; wrapping the leaves in an aluminum foil bag for a preset time; when the water potential of the leaves reaches equilibrium with the water potential of the stem of the fleshy plant, taking the water potential of the leaves as the stem water potential; the leaves being mature leaves located in a shaded area and at a distance less than a preset threshold from the fleshy fruits; obtaining a third fruit sample containing the fruit and the pedicel; applying pressure to the third fruit sample; and determining the fruit water potential based on the pressure when water flows out from the xylem region of the pedicel.

[0014] This invention also provides a measuring device for fruit water transport indicators, comprising: a determining module for determining the indicators to be measured; the indicators to be measured are water transport indicators of fleshy fruits, including the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel and calyx, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the calyx, the xylem water flow rate of the fruit, the phloem water flow rate, the transpiration flow rate, the vascular bundle density of the fruit epidermis, the xylem hydraulic conductivity, the stem water potential of the plant, and the fruit water potential; and a first measuring module for measuring the water transport indicators of the pedicel and calyx based on the gravity head method. The system comprises five measurement modules: a first module for measuring xylem hydraulic resistance, pedicel xylem hydraulic resistance, and calyx xylem hydraulic resistance; a second module for measuring xylem water flow, phloem water flow, and transpiration flow based on girdling; a third module for acquiring epidermal images of fleshy fruits and determining the vascular bundle density of the fruit epidermis based on these images; a fourth module for acquiring paraffin sections of fleshy fruits and determining xylem hydraulic conductivity based on these sections; and a fifth module for measuring stem water potential and fruit water potential based on pressure methods.

[0015] The present invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements a method for measuring any of the above-described fruit moisture transport indicators.

[0016] The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements a method for measuring any of the above-described fruit moisture transport indicators.

[0017] The present invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements a method for measuring any of the above-described fruit moisture transport indicators.

[0018] This invention provides a method, apparatus, equipment, medium, and product for measuring fruit water transport indicators. The method involves identifying the indicators to be measured; measuring the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel and calyx based on the gravity head method; measuring the xylem water flow, phloem water flow, and transpiration flow of the fruit based on the girdling method; acquiring epidermal images of fleshy fruits and determining the vascular bundle density of the fruit epidermis based on these images; acquiring paraffin sections of fleshy fruits and determining the xylem hydraulic conductivity based on these sections; and measuring the stem water potential and fruit water potential based on the pressure method. By employing different methods to measure various water transport indicators of fleshy fruits, this invention provides reliable measurement methods for the relationship between the fruit vascular bundle system and water transport function, facilitating research on the structure and function of the fruit vascular bundle system, and providing necessary tools for developing water-saving and quality-regulating irrigation theories from the perspective of fruit water transport. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for measuring fruit moisture transport indicators provided by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the gravity head method provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the girdling method provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the process for measuring the vascular bundle density of fruit epidermis provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the process for measuring the hydraulic conductivity of wood provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the process for measuring stem water potential and fruit water potential provided by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the measurement results of the vascular bundle density of the fruit epidermis of three tomato varieties under different water treatments provided by this invention.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the fruit moisture transport index measuring device provided by the present invention.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0030] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for measuring fruit moisture transport indicators provided by the present invention. In this embodiment, the method for measuring fruit moisture transport indicators includes steps S110 to S160, each step being as follows: S110: Determine the indicator to be measured.

[0031] The indicators to be measured are the water transport indicators of fleshy fruits, including the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel and calyx, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the calyx, the xylem water flow rate of the fruit, the phloem water flow rate, the transpiration flow rate, the vascular bundle density of the fruit epidermis, the xylem hydraulic conductivity, the stem water potential of the plant, and the fruit water potential.

[0032] S120: Based on the gravity head method, measure the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel and calyx, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel and the xylem hydraulic resistance of the calyx.

[0033] S130: Based on the girdling method, measure the water flow rate in the xylem, phloem, and transpiration rate of the fruit.

[0034] S140: Obtain an image of the epidermis of a fleshy fruit and determine the density of the vascular bundles in the fruit epidermis based on the image.

[0035] S150: Obtain paraffin sections of fleshy fruits and determine the xylem hydraulic conductivity based on the paraffin sections.

[0036] S160: Based on the pressure method, measure the stem water potential and fruit water potential of plants.

[0037] This embodiment provides a method for measuring fruit water transport indicators, which involves: identifying the indicators to be measured; measuring the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel and calyx using the gravity head method; measuring the xylem water flow, phloem water flow, and transpiration flow of the fruit using the girdling method; acquiring epidermal images of fleshy fruits and determining the vascular bundle density of the fruit epidermis based on these images; acquiring paraffin sections of fleshy fruits and determining the xylem hydraulic conductivity based on these sections; and measuring the stem water potential and fruit water potential using the pressure method. By employing different methods to measure various water transport indicators of fleshy fruits, this method provides a reliable measurement approach for understanding the relationship between the fruit vascular bundle system and water transport function. This facilitates research on the structure and function of the fruit vascular bundle system and provides necessary tools for developing water-saving and quality-regulating irrigation theories from the perspective of fruit water transport.

[0038] In some embodiments, measuring the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel and calyx, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel, and the xylem hydraulic resistance of the calyx based on the gravity head method includes: acquiring a first fruit sample to be measured; the first fruit sample to be measured is a fleshy fruit sample containing a fruit, a pedicel, and a calyx; removing the fruit from the first fruit sample to be measured, retaining the pedicel and calyx, and introducing rinsing fluid into the pedicel and calyx, recording a first water flow velocity through the pedicel and calyx; removing the calyx, retaining the pedicel, and introducing rinsing fluid into the pedicel, recording a second water flow velocity through the pedicel; and calculating the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel and calyx, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel, and the xylem hydraulic resistance of the calyx based on the first water flow velocity and the second water flow velocity.

[0039] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the gravity head method provided by the present invention.

[0040] Understandably, the measurement of the hydraulic resistance of the wood can be achieved through a gravity head measurement system, which includes a sample connection assembly, a gravity head assembly, and an automatic counting assembly.

[0041] The gravity head assembly is used to provide a pressure source for the test sample; the automatic counting assembly is used to record changes in the flow rate of the rinsing fluid.

[0042] Specifically, such as Figure 2As shown, a fleshy fruit sample containing the fruit, pedicel, and calyx (i.e., the first fruit sample to be measured) is first obtained and placed in the sample connection assembly, thus connecting the fleshy fruit sample containing the three parts (fruit, pedicel, and calyx) to the gravity head measurement system. At this point, although water enters the fruit, it does not flow out. Due to the unknown xylem tension of the fruit, according to the definition of hydraulic resistance measurement, the pressure source driving the liquid flow cannot be accurately determined. Therefore, in this step, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the fleshy fruit sample is not calculated, but the effect of stabilizing the flow of the rinsing liquid in the sample to be measured is achieved.

[0043] Furthermore, the fruit of the fleshy fruit sample was removed with a blade, retaining the pedicel and calyx. The pedicel and calyx were then connected to a gravity-driven water head assembly, through which rinsing fluid was introduced into the pedicel and calyx. An automatic counting assembly was used to automatically record the first water flow velocity F passing through the pedicel and calyx. pc .

[0044] Furthermore, the calyx is removed with a blade, leaving the fruit stalk intact. The fruit stalk is then connected to a gravity-fed water head assembly, through which rinsing liquid is introduced into the fruit stalk. An automatic counting assembly automatically records the second water flow velocity F passing through the fruit stalk. p .

[0045] Understandably, when cutting off samples of this type of fleshy fruit, it is necessary to use a blade to steadily and evenly cut off the part to be removed, so as to avoid damage to the fruit stalk or calyx xylem vessels due to uneven cut surfaces, which would affect the test results.

[0046] Furthermore, based on the first water flow velocity F pc Second water flow velocity F p Calculate the hydraulic resistance R of the xylem between the fruit stalk and the calyx. pc The hydraulic resistance R of the xylem of the fruit stalk p The hydraulic resistance R of the xylem of the calyx c .

[0047] Specifically, the hydraulic resistance of the xylem in the pedicel and calyx conforms to Ohm's law. Water flow can be compared to electric current, and the pressure source generated by the gravity head assembly can be compared to voltage. That is, assuming the pedicel and calyx are two resistors connected in series, the hydraulic resistance R of the xylem in the pedicel and calyx can be obtained by solving the following equations. pc The hydraulic resistance R of the xylem of the fruit stalk p The hydraulic resistance R of the xylem of the calyx c : ; ; ; in, The pressure difference is generated by the gravity head assembly at a height of 2 m.

[0048] In some embodiments, the measurement of xylem water flow, phloem water flow, and transpiration flow based on the girdling method includes: selecting a first fruit sample, a second fruit sample, and a third fruit sample; the first fruit sample, the second fruit sample, and the third fruit sample are at the same growth stage, the first fruit sample is an in-situ fleshy fruit sample, the second fruit sample is a fleshy fruit sample with its pedicel girdled, and the third fruit sample is an detached fleshy fruit sample; measuring the first fresh weight change of the first fruit sample, the second fresh weight change of the second fruit sample, and the third fresh weight change of the third fruit sample within a preset time period; and determining the xylem water flow, phloem water flow, and transpiration flow based on the first fresh weight change, the second fresh weight change, and the third fresh weight change.

[0049] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the girdling method provided by the present invention.

[0050] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the first fruit sample, the second fruit sample, and the third fruit sample are selected first.

[0051] The first, second, and third fruit samples were at the same growth stage. The first fruit sample was an in-situ fleshy fruit sample, the second fruit sample was a fleshy fruit sample with its pedicel having undergone hot girdling, and the third fruit sample was an detached fleshy fruit sample.

[0052] Preferably, the first, second, and third fruit samples should not only be in the same growth stage, but also be in good growth condition.

[0053] After determining the first, second, and third fruit samples, the initial diameter of the fruit's central axis position was measured using vernier calipers. Linear displacement sensors were installed to measure the changes in the fruit diameter of the first, second, and third fruit samples, and the data were recorded in a data logger.

[0054] Preferably, for the second fruit sample, the hot ring cutting treatment is performed on the fruit sample only after the linear displacement sensor has stabilized: First, an insulated constantan wire (0.5 m in length, 0.25 mm in diameter, and 4.8 Ω in resistance) is tightly wound around the fruit stalk tissue between the truss handle and the fruit stalk abscission layer, with a winding length of at least 1 cm; second, the fruit stalk is heated by a 1.5-3.5 V DC current for 3 min, and the temperature of the fruit stalk can be quickly raised to 75-85 ℃ and maintained at a constant temperature. The temperature at the contact point between the copper wire coil and the fruit stalk is monitored in real time by connecting a thermocouple of a multimeter.

[0055] Preferably, for the third fruit sample, after the fruit is removed from the plant, the connection between the fruit stalk and the fruit should be sealed with petroleum jelly to prevent water loss from that point. At the same time, the fruit should be placed near the plant to ensure the consistency of environmental parameters during the measurement process.

[0056] Furthermore, the change in the first fresh weight of the first fruit sample within a preset time period was measured. (i.e., the change in fresh weight of the fruit in situ), and the change in the second fresh weight of the second fruit sample within a preset time period. (i.e., the change in fruit fresh weight after girdling the fruit stalk), and the change in the third fresh weight of the third fruit sample within the preset time period. (i.e., the change in fresh weight of detached fruit).

[0057] Specifically, by continuously measuring the diameter changes of the first, second, and third fruit samples, the changes in fruit fresh weight can be converted from the allometric growth relationship between fruit diameter and fresh weight.

[0058] Furthermore, based on the first change in fresh weight Second Fresh Weight Change and the change in third fresh weight The xylem water flow rate X, phloem water flow rate P, and transpiration rate T of the fruit were determined.

[0059] It should be noted that the first change in fresh weight The change in fresh weight is the result of the combined effects of xylem water flow (X), phloem water flow (P), and transpiration rate (T). It is the result of the combined effect of xylem water flow rate X and transpiration flow rate T, representing the change in the third fresh weight of the third fruit sample within a preset time period. The result of transpiration rate T alone satisfies the following formula: ; ; .

[0060] Determining the first change in fresh weight Second Fresh Weight Change and the change in third fresh weight Then, by solving the above formulas, the xylem water flow rate X, the phloem water flow rate P, and the transpiration flow rate T can be determined.

[0061] In some embodiments, the vascular bundle density of the fruit epidermis includes the total vascular bundle density, the primary vascular bundle density, and the secondary vascular bundle density.

[0062] To acquire images of the epidermis of fleshy fruits and determine the vascular bundle density of the fruit epidermis based on these images, the method includes: acquiring a second fruit sample to be measured; the second fruit sample to be measured is a fleshy fruit sample containing the fruit, pedicel, and calyx; sequentially subjecting the second fruit sample to heat treatment, cooling treatment, and decolorization treatment to obtain the sample to be observed, and acquiring an image of the epidermis of the sample to be observed; identifying the vascular bundles of the fruit epidermis in the epidermis image; the vascular bundles of the fruit epidermis include primary vascular bundles and secondary vascular bundles; measuring the total length of the vascular bundles, the length of the primary vascular bundles, and the length of the secondary vascular bundles, and obtaining the area of ​​the fruit epidermis; and determining the total vascular bundle density, primary vascular bundle density, and secondary vascular bundle density based on the total length of the vascular bundles, the length of the primary vascular bundles, the length of the secondary vascular bundles, and the area of ​​the fruit epidermis.

[0063] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the process for measuring the vascular bundle density of fruit epidermis provided by the present invention.

[0064] like Figure 4 As shown, a fleshy fruit sample containing the fruit, pedicel, and calyx was obtained (i.e., the second fruit sample to be measured).

[0065] Specifically, samples were taken before 9:00 AM to obtain a second sample of fruit to be measured. The second sample of fruit to be measured must be brought to the laboratory within 30 minutes after being separated from the plant. The second sample of fruit to be measured includes the pedicel and calyx. After being removed from the plant, the second sample of fruit to be measured must be quickly placed into a self-sealing bag and stored in a constant temperature box at 4°C to avoid water loss due to transpiration. The fresh weight and size of the second sample of fruit to be measured are measured. The fresh weight of the fruit is measured using an analytical balance, and the diameter and longitudinal diameter of the fruit are measured using vernier calipers.

[0066] Furthermore, the second fruit sample to be measured was subjected to heating, cooling and decolorization treatments in sequence to obtain the sample to be observed, and the epidermal image of the sample to be observed was acquired.

[0067] Specifically, the second fruit sample to be measured was heated using experimental equipment such as a water bath, beakers, and heat-resistant fruit clips for stirring the sample: the second fruit sample to be measured was placed in a pre-boiled water bath and heated for about 2-4 minutes (the heating time may vary depending on the size of the second fruit sample to be measured). When a large area of ​​the cuticle of the second fruit sample to be measured was observed to be damaged, the second fruit sample to be measured was removed using heat-resistant fruit clips and then cooled.

[0068] Further, the second fruit sample to be measured after heat treatment is cooled: after the second fruit sample to be measured has cooled for a few minutes, the cuticle of the epidermis of the second fruit sample is removed manually, and the surrounding cell tissue is gently brushed away with a small brush. Special care should be taken to treat the tissue near the fruit stalk until the vascular bundles of the fruit epidermis can be observed. Then, decolorization treatment is performed.

[0069] Furthermore, the second fruit sample to be measured, which had undergone heating and cooling treatments in sequence, was decolorized: the second fruit sample to be measured was placed in a 40%-50% alcohol solution, and the beaker was sealed with parafilm to prevent alcohol evaporation. The decolorization treatment lasted for 12 hours to obtain the sample to be observed.

[0070] Further, the decolorized sample was dissected along the carpel with a scalpel to remove seeds and other substances from the inside and then rinsed with clean water. The outer epidermis of the treated sample was placed close to the scanning glass area of ​​the scanner. To ensure the sample adhered tightly to the scanner glass, a layer of transparent tape was firmly adhered to the other side of the sample. To further increase transparency, a few drops of water were applied to the contact area between the sample and the glass using a dropper. The epidermis image of the sample was then acquired using the scanner at a resolution of 1200 dpi.

[0071] Furthermore, the vascular bundles of the fruit epidermis in the epidermal image were identified, and these bundles consisted of primary and secondary vascular bundles; the total length L of the vascular bundles of the fruit epidermis was measured. T The length L of the primary vascular bundle P and the length L of the secondary vascular bundle S And obtain the area of ​​the fruit peel.

[0072] The primary vascular bundle is defined as the vascular bundle that runs from the base to the top of a carpel of the fruit, while other vascular bundles besides the primary vascular bundle are defined as secondary vascular bundles.

[0073] Specifically, the epidermal images of the samples to be observed were processed using IMAGEJ image processing software. The distribution of vascular bundles in the epidermal images was manually traced using the Freehand line function, and the total length L of the vascular bundles in the fruit epidermis was measured.T The length L of the primary vascular bundle P and the length L of the secondary vascular bundle S ; Obtain the area A of the fruit peel.

[0074] Furthermore, based on the total length L of the vascular bundles in the fruit epidermis T The length L of the primary vascular bundle P The length L of the secondary vascular bundle P The total vascular bundle density VLD is calculated using the following formula, taking into account the area A of the fruit epidermis. T Primary vascular bundle density (VLD) P and secondary vascular bundle density VLD S : ; ; .

[0075] In some embodiments, obtaining paraffin sections of fleshy fruits and determining xylem hydraulic conductance based on the paraffin sections includes: obtaining paraffin sections of fleshy fruits; measuring the size and number of xylem vessels in the paraffin sections; and calculating xylem hydraulic conductance based on the size and number according to the Hagen-Poiseuille formula.

[0076] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the process for measuring the hydraulic conductivity of wood provided by the present invention.

[0077] like Figure 5 As shown, paraffin sections of fleshy fruits are prepared.

[0078] Specifically, a paraffin slicer was used to obtain paraffin sections of the fruit stalk, the primary vascular bundles of the fruit epidermis, and the secondary vascular bundles of the fruit epidermis.

[0079] It is important to note that when obtaining paraffin sections of the primary and secondary vascular bundles of the fruit epidermis, the blade should be used to cut perpendicular to the vascular bundle to ensure that the effective vessel diameter is obtained.

[0080] Furthermore, the size and number of xylem vessels in the paraffin sections were measured.

[0081] Specifically, high-resolution images of paraffin sections of the fruit stalk, primary vascular bundles of the fruit epidermis, and secondary vascular bundles of the fruit epidermis were obtained using a microscope with photographic capabilities. The size and number of xylem vessels were then measured from the high-resolution images.

[0082] Furthermore, based on size and quantity, the hydraulic conductivity K of the xylem is calculated according to the Hagen-Poiseuille formula.

[0083] The formula for calculating the hydraulic conductivity K of the xylem is as follows: ; In the formula, Liquid density ( ); The viscosity coefficient of water ( D is the diameter (i.e., size) of the catheter, and i is the number of catheters.

[0084] In some embodiments, measuring the stem water potential and fruit water potential of a plant based on a pressure method includes: selecting leaves of fleshy fruits on a succulent plant, wrapping the leaves in an aluminum foil bag for a preset time, and taking the leaf water potential as the stem water potential when the water potential of the leaves reaches equilibrium with the stem water potential of the succulent plant; the leaves are mature leaves that are in shadow and are less than a preset threshold distance from the fleshy fruits; obtaining a third fruit sample containing the fruit and the pedicel, applying pressure to the third fruit sample, and determining the fruit water potential based on the pressure when water flows out from the xylem region of the pedicel.

[0085] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the process for measuring stem water potential and fruit water potential provided by the present invention.

[0086] like Figure 6 As shown, select leaves of fleshy fruits on succulent plants. The leaves should be mature leaves that are in the shade and are less than a preset threshold distance from the fleshy fruits. Wrap the leaves in aluminum foil bags for a preset time (e.g., at least 10 minutes) to allow the water potential of the leaves to reach equilibrium with the water potential of the stem of the succulent plant. At this time, the water potential of the leaves is taken as the water potential of the stem of the plant.

[0087] Preferably, the water potential of the plant stem is measured before dawn or at noon.

[0088] Further, a third fruit sample containing the fruit and stalk was obtained, and the stalk was cut flat in water using a blade. Pressure was continuously applied to the third fruit sample through a pressure chamber. When water was observed flowing out from the xylem region of the stalk, the reading of the pressure chamber was taken as the water potential of the fruit.

[0089] This invention also provides a specific example of a method for measuring moisture transport indicators. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a graph showing the measurement results of the vascular bundle density of the fruit epidermis of three tomato varieties under different water treatments provided by this invention.

[0090] Based on the above-mentioned measurement method for water transport indicators, the vascular bundle density of the fruit epidermis of three tomato varieties under different water treatments was measured. The three tomato varieties were Bassat, Red Mix 33, and Pink Angel.

[0091] like Figure 7 As shown, the experiment included two water treatments: full irrigation (75%-95% field capacity) and deficit irrigation (45%-65% field capacity). The three tomato varieties—Basate, Hongza 33, and Pink Angel—were selected as table tomato, processing tomato, and cherry tomato, respectively.

[0092] Under adequate irrigation, the fresh weights of the three tomato varieties were 205 g, 126 g, and 33 g, respectively. After the fruit matured, the vascular bundle density of the fruit epidermis was measured using the aforementioned method for measuring water transport indicators.

[0093] Depend on Figure 7 It can be seen that deferential irrigation significantly increased the total vascular bundle density of the fruit epidermis, mainly due to the increase in secondary vascular bundle density. Significant differences in primary vascular bundle density were only observed in the Pink Angel variety. Vascular bundle density showed an increasing trend with decreasing fruit size. This indicates that when the plant's water supply is insufficient, the fruit increases its water transport capacity by increasing the total vascular bundle density of the fruit epidermis. Smaller fruits have higher vascular bundle density, resulting in higher drought resistance.

[0094] The experimental results clearly demonstrate the effects of different irrigation treatments on the water transport capacity of three different tomato varieties of different sizes. Therefore, this method can be used to obtain high-throughput and accurate changes in indicators related to water transport in fruits under different conditions.

[0095] This invention also provides a device for measuring fruit moisture transport indicators. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the fruit moisture transport index measuring device provided by the present invention. In this embodiment, the fruit moisture transport index measuring device includes a determining module 810, a first measuring module 820, a second measuring module 830, a third measuring module 840, a fourth measuring module 850, and a fifth measuring module 860.

[0096] The determination module 810 is used to determine the index to be measured.

[0097] The indicators to be measured are the water transport indicators of fleshy fruits, including the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel and calyx, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the calyx, the xylem water flow rate of the fruit, the phloem water flow rate, the transpiration flow rate, the vascular bundle density of the fruit epidermis, the xylem hydraulic conductivity, the stem water potential of the plant, and the fruit water potential.

[0098] The first measurement module 820 is used to measure the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel and calyx, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel and the xylem hydraulic resistance of the calyx, based on the gravity head method.

[0099] The second measurement module 830 is used to measure the xylem water flow, phloem water flow, and transpiration flow of the fruit based on the girdling method.

[0100] The third measurement module 840 is used to acquire images of the epidermis of fleshy fruits and determine the density of the vascular bundles in the fruit epidermis based on the epidermis images.

[0101] The fourth measurement module 850 is used to obtain paraffin sections of fleshy fruits and determine the hydraulic conductivity of the xylem based on the paraffin sections.

[0102] The fifth measurement module 860 is used to measure the stem water potential and fruit water potential of plants based on the pressure method.

[0103] In some embodiments, the first measurement module 820 is specifically used to acquire a first fruit sample to be measured; the first fruit sample to be measured is a fleshy fruit sample containing a fruit, a pedicel, and a calyx; the fruit is removed from the first fruit sample to be measured, the pedicel and the calyx are retained, and rinsing liquid is introduced into the pedicel and the calyx, and a first water flow velocity through the pedicel and the calyx is recorded; the calyx is removed, the pedicel is retained, and rinsing liquid is introduced into the pedicel, and a second water flow velocity through the pedicel is recorded; based on the first water flow velocity and the second water flow velocity, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel and the calyx, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel, and the xylem hydraulic resistance of the calyx are calculated.

[0104] In some embodiments, the second measurement module 830 is specifically used to select a first fruit sample, a second fruit sample, and a third fruit sample; the first fruit sample, the second fruit sample, and the third fruit sample are at the same growth stage, the first fruit sample is an in-situ fleshy fruit sample, the second fruit sample is a fleshy fruit sample with its pedicel girdled, and the third fruit sample is an detached fleshy fruit sample; the module measures the first fresh weight change of the first fruit sample, the second fresh weight change of the second fruit sample, and the third fresh weight change of the third fruit sample within a preset time period; and the module determines the xylem water flow rate, phloem water flow rate, and transpiration flow rate based on the first fresh weight change, the second fresh weight change, and the third fresh weight change.

[0105] In some embodiments, the vascular bundle density of the fruit epidermis includes the total vascular bundle density, the primary vascular bundle density, and the secondary vascular bundle density.

[0106] The third measurement module 840 is specifically used to acquire a second fruit sample to be measured; the second fruit sample to be measured is a fleshy fruit sample containing fruit, pedicel and calyx; the second fruit sample to be measured is subjected to heating treatment, cooling treatment and decolorization treatment in sequence to obtain the sample to be observed, and the epidermal image of the sample to be observed is acquired; the vascular bundles of the fruit epidermis in the epidermal image are identified; the vascular bundles of the fruit epidermis include primary vascular bundles and secondary vascular bundles; the total length of the vascular bundles of the fruit epidermis, the length of the primary vascular bundles and the length of the secondary vascular bundles are measured, and the area of ​​the fruit epidermis is obtained; based on the total length of the vascular bundles of the fruit epidermis, the length of the primary vascular bundles, the length of the secondary vascular bundles and the area of ​​the fruit epidermis, the total vascular bundle density, the primary vascular bundle density and the secondary vascular bundle density are determined.

[0107] In some embodiments, the fourth measurement module 850 is specifically used to obtain paraffin sections of fleshy fruits; measure the size and number of xylem vessels in the paraffin sections; and calculate the xylem hydraulic conductivity based on the size and number, according to the Hagen-Poiseuille formula.

[0108] In some embodiments, the fifth measurement module 860 is specifically used to select leaves of fleshy fruits on fleshy plants, wrap the leaves in aluminum foil bags for a preset time, and when the water potential of the leaves reaches equilibrium with the water potential of the stem of the fleshy plant, use the water potential of the leaves as the water potential of the stem of the plant; the leaves are mature leaves that are in the shade and are less than a preset threshold distance from the fleshy fruits; a third fruit sample to be measured, including the fruit and the fruit stalk, is obtained, pressure is applied to the third fruit sample to be measured, and the fruit water potential is determined based on the pressure when water flows out from the xylem region of the fruit stalk.

[0109] The present invention also provides an electronic device. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided by the present invention, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the electronic device may include a processor 910, a communication interface 920, a memory 930, and a communication bus 940. The processor 910, communication interface 920, and memory 930 communicate with each other via the communication bus 940. The processor 910 can call logical instructions from the memory 930 to execute a method for measuring fruit moisture transport indicators.

[0110] Furthermore, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory 930 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0111] The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method for measuring fruit moisture transport indicators provided by the methods described above.

[0112] The present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer is able to perform the methods for measuring fruit moisture transport indicators provided by the above methods.

[0113] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0114] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0115] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring fruit moisture transport indicators, characterized in that, include: The indicators to be measured are determined; the indicators to be measured are water transport indicators of fleshy fruits, including the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel and calyx, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the calyx, the xylem water flow rate of the fruit, the phloem water flow rate, the transpiration flow rate, the vascular bundle density of the fruit epidermis, the xylem hydraulic conductivity, the stem water potential of the plant, and the fruit water potential. Based on the gravity head method, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the fruit stalk and calyx, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the fruit stalk, and the xylem hydraulic resistance of the calyx were measured. Based on the girdling method, the xylem water flow rate, the phloem water flow rate, and the transpiration rate of the fruit were measured. Obtain an image of the skin of the fleshy fruit, and determine the vascular bundle density of the fruit skin based on the image. Obtain paraffin sections of the fleshy fruit and determine the hydraulic conductivity of the xylem based on the paraffin sections; The water potential of the plant stem and the water potential of the fruit were measured using the pressure method.

2. The method for measuring fruit moisture transport indicators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method based on gravity head, measuring the xylem hydraulic resistance of the fruit stalk and calyx, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the fruit stalk, and the xylem hydraulic resistance of the calyx, includes: Obtain a first fruit sample to be measured; the first fruit sample to be measured is a fleshy fruit sample containing the fruit, pedicel and calyx; The fruit is removed from the first fruit sample to be measured, while the pedicel and calyx are retained. A rinsing solution is introduced into the pedicel and calyx, and the first water flow velocity through the pedicel and calyx is recorded. The calyx is removed, the fruit stalk is retained, and a rinsing solution is introduced into the fruit stalk. The second water flow velocity through the fruit stalk is recorded. Based on the first water flow velocity and the second water flow velocity, calculate the xylem hydraulic resistance of the fruit stalk and the calyx, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the fruit stalk, and the xylem hydraulic resistance of the calyx.

3. The method for measuring fruit moisture transport indicators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of measuring the xylem water flow, phloem water flow, and transpiration flow of the fruit based on girdling includes: Select the first fruit sample, the second fruit sample, and the third fruit sample; the first fruit sample, the second fruit sample, and the third fruit sample are in the same growth stage, the first fruit sample is an in-situ fleshy fruit sample, the second fruit sample is a fleshy fruit sample whose pedicel has been girdled, and the third fruit sample is an detached fleshy fruit sample. The first fresh weight change of the first fruit sample, the second fresh weight change of the second fruit sample, and the third fresh weight change of the third fruit sample within the preset time period are measured. Based on the first change in fresh weight, the second change in fresh weight, and the third change in fresh weight, the water flow rate of the xylem, the water flow rate of the phloem, and the transpiration rate of the fruit are determined.

4. The method for measuring fruit moisture transport indicators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vascular bundle density of the fruit epidermis includes the total vascular bundle density, the primary vascular bundle density, and the secondary vascular bundle density. The step of acquiring an image of the epidermis of the fleshy fruit and determining the vascular bundle density of the fruit epidermis based on the epidermis image includes: Obtain a second fruit sample to be measured; the second fruit sample to be measured is a fleshy fruit sample containing the fruit, pedicel and calyx; The second fruit sample to be measured was subjected to heating treatment, cooling treatment and decolorization treatment in sequence to obtain the sample to be observed, and the epidermal image of the sample to be observed was acquired. Identify the fruit epidermal vascular bundles in the epidermal image; the fruit epidermal vascular bundles include primary vascular bundles and secondary vascular bundles; The total length of the vascular bundles in the fruit epidermis, the length of the primary vascular bundles, and the length of the secondary vascular bundles are measured, and the area of ​​the fruit epidermis is obtained. Based on the total length of the vascular bundles in the fruit epidermis, the length of the primary vascular bundles, the length of the secondary vascular bundles, and the area of ​​the fruit epidermis, the total vascular bundle density, the primary vascular bundle density, and the secondary vascular bundle density are determined.

5. The method for measuring fruit moisture transport indicators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of obtaining paraffin sections of the fleshy fruit and determining the hydraulic conductivity of the xylem based on the paraffin sections includes: Obtain paraffin sections of the fleshy fruit; Measure the size and number of xylem vessels in the paraffin sections; Based on the dimensions and quantity, the hydraulic conductivity of the xylem is calculated according to the Hagen-Poiseuille formula.

6. The method for measuring fruit moisture transport indicators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure-based method for measuring the stem water potential and fruit water potential includes: Select a leaf from the fleshy fruit on a succulent plant, wrap the leaf in an aluminum foil bag for a preset time, and when the water potential of the leaf reaches equilibrium with the water potential of the stem of the succulent plant, use the water potential of the leaf as the water potential of the stem of the plant; the leaf is a mature leaf that is in a shaded area and is less than a preset threshold distance from the fleshy fruit. A third fruit sample containing the fruit and pedicel is obtained. Pressure is applied to the third fruit sample, and the water potential of the fruit is determined based on the pressure as water flows out from the xylem region of the pedicel.

7. A device for measuring fruit moisture transport indicators, characterized in that, include: The determination module is used to determine the indicators to be measured; the indicators to be measured are water transport indicators of fleshy fruits, including the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel and calyx, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the pedicel, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the calyx, the xylem water flow rate of the fruit, the phloem water flow rate, the transpiration flow rate, the vascular bundle density of the fruit epidermis, the xylem hydraulic conductivity, the stem water potential of the plant, and the fruit water potential. The first measurement module is used to measure the xylem hydraulic resistance of the fruit stalk and calyx, the xylem hydraulic resistance of the fruit stalk, and the xylem hydraulic resistance of the calyx based on the gravity head method. The second measurement module is used to measure the xylem water flow, phloem water flow, and transpiration flow of the fruit based on the girdling method. The third measurement module is used to acquire an image of the skin of the fleshy fruit and determine the density of the vascular bundles in the fruit skin based on the image. The fourth measurement module is used to obtain paraffin sections of the fleshy fruit and determine the hydraulic conductivity of the xylem based on the paraffin sections. The fifth measurement module is used to measure the stem water potential and fruit water potential of the plant based on the pressure method.

8. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method for measuring fruit moisture transport indicators as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the method for measuring fruit moisture transport indicators as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the method for measuring fruit moisture transport indicators as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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