Antenna array tessellation and blocking configuration

Abstract

The application relates to devices and components, including apparatuses, systems and methods for providing subdivision of an antenna array in a wireless communication system.

Description

[0001] Cross Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 681,066, filed August 8, 2024, entitled “Antenna Array Subdivision and Blocking Configuration,” the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of wireless technology, and more specifically to antenna array configurations, such as those for frequency range 3. Background Technology

[0004] Devices in 3GPP networks use antennas to communicate with each other. These antennas may include antenna arrays comprising one or more antenna elements. Codebooks can be used to configure these antennas for communication. Attached Figure Description

[0005] Figure 1 Examples of network environments based on some implementation schemes are provided.

[0006] Figure 2 Examples of user equipment (UE) according to some implementation schemes are shown.

[0007] Figure 3 Examples of network devices based on some implementation schemes are shown.

[0008] Figure 4 A table illustrating example evolutions of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) codebooks in illustrative new radios (NR) according to some implementation schemes is provided.

[0009] Figure 5 Example codebooks for AI-CSI (Rev. 18) according to some implementation schemes are shown.

[0010] Figure 6 Example codebooks for NR MIMO are shown according to some implementation schemes.

[0011] Figure 7 Example codebooks for version 19 (Rel-19) AI-CSI are shown according to some implementation schemes.

[0012] Figure 8 An example Rel-18 Coherent Joint Transmission (CJT) codebook is illustrated according to some implementation schemes.

[0013] Figure 9 Examples of multi-page numberbooks for version 16 (Rel-16) according to some implementation schemes are shown.

[0014] Figure 10 Examples of multi-page codebooks for Rel-18 are shown according to some implementation schemes.

[0015] Figure 11 A table illustrating example Rayleigh distances based on some implementation schemes is provided.

[0016] Figure 12 Example signal propagation representations according to some implementation schemes are illustrated.

[0017] Figure 13 Example system deployments based on some implementation schemes are illustrated.

[0018] Figure 14 Examples of visibility area layouts based on some implementation schemes are shown.

[0019] Figure 15 Examples of system deployment breakdowns based on some implementation schemes are illustrated.

[0020] Figure 16 An example Rayleigh distance arc representation based on some implementation schemes is shown.

[0021] Figure 17A An example of a first mapping method arrangement based on some implementation schemes is illustrated.

[0022] Figure 17B An example of a second mapping method arrangement based on some implementation schemes is illustrated.

[0023] Figure 17C An example of a third mapping method arrangement based on some implementation schemes is illustrated.

[0024] Figure 17D An example of a fourth mapping method arrangement based on some implementation schemes is illustrated.

[0025] Figure 17E An example of a fifth mapping method arrangement based on some implementation schemes is shown.

[0026] Figure 17F An example of a sixth mapping method arrangement based on some implementation schemes is illustrated.

[0027] Figure 17G Example of a seventh mapping method arrangement 1760 according to some implementation schemes is illustrated.

[0028] Figure 18 Examples of multi-base station deployments based on some implementation schemes are illustrated.

[0029] Figure 19 Example system deployments based on some implementation schemes are illustrated.

[0030] Figure 20 Examples of panel selection layouts based on some implementation schemes are shown.

[0031] Figure 21 Another panel layout is shown as an example of some implementation schemes.

[0032] Figure 22 Example panels show layout selections based on some implementation schemes.

[0033] Figure 23 Example antenna element arrangements according to some implementation schemes are illustrated.

[0034] Figure 24A Example system deployments based on some implementation schemes are illustrated.

[0035] Figure 24B Example network layouts based on some implementation schemes are illustrated.

[0036] Figure 24C Example antenna array arrangements according to some implementation schemes are illustrated.

[0037] Figure 25 Example antenna array arrangements according to some implementation schemes are illustrated.

[0038] Figure 26 Example system deployments based on some implementation schemes are illustrated.

[0039] Figure 27 Examples are given based on some implementation schemes. Figure 26 The first UE in the arrangement is represented by an example departure angle.

[0040] Figure 28 Examples are given based on some implementation schemes. Figure 26 The example departure angle of the second UE in the arrangement.

[0041] Figure 29 Example antenna array arrangements according to some implementation schemes are illustrated.

[0042] Figure 30 Example antenna array arrangements according to some implementation schemes are illustrated.

[0043] Figure 31 Example codebooks based on some implementation schemes are shown.

[0044] Figure 32 Example partition pair representations based on some implementation schemes are shown.

[0045] Figure 33 An example antenna arrangement showing a blocking pattern is illustrated according to some implementation schemes.

[0046] Figure 34 Examples of blocking patterns related to some implementation schemes are shown.

[0047] Figure 35 Examples of blocking patterns related to some implementation schemes are shown.

[0048] Figure 36 An example antenna array arrangement with a blocking pattern is illustrated according to some implementation schemes.

[0049] Figure 37 An example process for configuring antenna elements of an antenna array according to some implementation schemes is illustrated.

[0050] Figure 38 An example process for reporting the layout of one or more partitions is illustrated according to some implementation schemes.

[0051] Figure 39 An example process for reporting blocking patterns is illustrated according to some implementation schemes. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals may be used to identify the same or similar elements in different drawings. In the following description, specific details, such as particular structures, architectures, interfaces, technologies, etc., are set forth for illustrative and non-limiting purposes to provide a thorough understanding of various aspects of the various embodiments. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various aspects of the various embodiments may be practiced in other examples departing from these specific details. In some instances, descriptions of well-known devices, circuits, and methods have been omitted so as not to obscure the description of the various embodiments with unnecessary detail. For the purposes of this document, the phrase “A or B” means (A), (B), or (A and B); and the phrase “based on A” means “at least partially based on A,” for example, it can be “based only on A” or it can be “partially based on A.”

[0053] The following is a glossary of terms that may be used in this disclosure.

[0054] As used herein, the term "circuit" refers to, is part of, or includes the following: hardware components such as electronic circuits, logic circuits, processors (shared, dedicated, or grouped) or memories (shared, dedicated, or grouped), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable devices (FPDs) (e.g., field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), complex PLDs (CPLDs), high-capacity PLDs (HCPLDs), structured ASICs, or programmable system-on-a-chip (SoCs)), digital signal processors (DSPs), etc. In some embodiments, the circuit may execute one or more software or firmware programs to provide at least some of the described functionalities. The term "circuit" may also refer to a combination of one or more hardware elements (or a combination of circuits used in an electrical or electronic system) and program code for executing the functionality of that program code. In these embodiments, the combination of hardware elements and program code may be referred to as a particular type of circuit.

[0055] As used herein, the term "processor circuit" means, is part of, or includes a circuit capable of sequentially and automatically performing a series of arithmetic or logical operations or recording, storing, or transmitting digital data. The term "processor circuit" may also refer to an application processor, baseband processor, central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit, single-core processor, dual-core processor, triple-core processor, quad-core processor, or any other device capable of executing or otherwise operating computer-executable instructions (such as program code, software modules, and / or functional procedures).

[0056] As used herein, the term "interface circuit" refers to, is part of, or includes a circuit that enables the exchange of information between two or more components or devices. The term "interface circuit" can refer to one or more hardware interfaces, such as buses, I / O interfaces, peripheral component interfaces, network interface cards, etc.

[0057] As used herein, the term "user equipment" or "UE" refers to equipment of a remote user that has radio communication capabilities and can describe network resources in a communication network. Furthermore, the term "user equipment" or "UE" can be considered synonymous and can be referred to as a client, mobile phone, mobile device, mobile terminal, user terminal, mobile unit, mobile station, mobile user, subscriber, user, remote station, access agent, user agent, receiver, radio equipment, reconfigurable radio equipment, reconfigurable mobile device, etc. Additionally, the term "user equipment" or "UE" can include any type of wireless / wired equipment or any computing device that includes a wireless communication interface.

[0058] As used herein, the term "computer system" means any type of interconnected electronic device, computer device, or component thereof. Additionally, the term "computer system" or "system" may refer to various components of a computer that are communicatively coupled to each other. Furthermore, the term "computer system" or "system" may refer to multiple computer devices or multiple computing systems that are communicatively coupled to each other and configured to share computing resources or network resources.

[0059] As used herein, the term "resource" refers to physical or virtual devices, physical or virtual components within a computing environment, or physical or virtual components within a specific device, such as computer equipment, mechanical equipment, memory space, processor / CPU time, processor / CPU utilization, processor and accelerator load, hardware time or utilization, power supply, input / output operations, port or network sockets, channel / link allocation, throughput, memory utilization, storage, network, databases and applications, units of workload, etc. "Hardware resource" can refer to computing, storage, or networking resources provided by physical hardware components. "Virtualized resource" can refer to computing, storage, or networking resources provided by virtualization infrastructure to applications, devices, systems, etc. The terms "network resource" or "communication resource" can refer to resources that a computer device / system can access via a communication network. The term "system resource" can refer to any kind of shared entity providing services and can include computing or network resources. System resources can be considered as a coherent set of functions, network data objects, or services that can be accessed through a server, wherein such system resources reside on a single host or multiple hosts and can be clearly identified.

[0060] As used herein, the term "channel" refers to any tangible or intangible transmission medium used to transmit data or data streams. The term "channel" may be synonymous or equivalent with "communication channel," "data communication channel," "transmission channel," "data transmission channel," "access channel," "data access channel," "link," "data link," "carrier," "radio frequency carrier," or any other similar term indicating a means or medium through which data is transmitted. Additionally, as used herein, the term "link" refers to a connection between two devices used for transmitting and receiving information.

[0061] As used in this article, the terms "instantiate" and "instantiate" refer to the creation of an instance. "Instance" also refers to the concrete occurrence of an object, which may occur, for example, during the execution of program code.

[0062] The term "connection" can refer to an established signaling relationship between two or more elements at a common communication protocol layer through a communication channel, link, interface, or reference point.

[0063] As used herein, the term "network element" refers to physical or virtualized equipment or infrastructure used to provide wired or wireless communication network services. The term "network element" may be considered synonymous with or referred to as networked computers, network hardware, network equipment, network nodes, virtualized network functions, etc.

[0064] The term "information element" refers to a structural element that contains one or more fields. The term "field" refers to the individual content of an information element, or the data element that contains that content. An information element may include one or more additional information elements.

[0065] As used herein, the term "at least partially based on" can indicate that an item is based solely on another item and / or on an item of another item plus one or more additional items. For example, in an embodiment, determining item 1 based at least partially on item 2 can indicate determining item 1 based solely on item 2 and / or determining item 1 based on item 2 and one or more other items.

[0066] Devices within a 3GPP network can use antenna assemblies to exchange signals to communicate with other devices within the network. Signals transmitted from a device can propagate radially from that device. Depending on the distance between the transmitting and receiving devices, the wave propagation may appear planar or spherical to the receiving device.

[0067] Devices within a network may include antenna arrays for transmitting and / or receiving signals from other devices. For example, a base station may include an antenna array comprising multiple antenna elements. The antenna array may be configured with a codebook for processing signals transmitted and / or received from it. In conventional methods, the codebook used to configure the antenna array is used to construct a spatial basis, where it is assumed that a plane wave impacts the antenna array. However, if a device transmitting a signal to the antenna array is within a certain proximity of the array, the assumption of spatial basis and / or plane impact will fail. This failure of assumption may be undesirable and could lead to reduced service between devices. The methods described throughout this disclosure may result in reduced proximity, where the assumption of spatial basis and / or plane impact will fail, which could potentially lead to an increase in the network's service level.

[0068] Figure 1 A network environment 100 according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. Network environment 100 may include a user equipment (UE) 104 communicatively coupled to a base station 108 of a radio access network (RAN) 110. UE 104 and base station 108 may communicate via a 3GPPTS-compatible air interface, such as an interface defining a fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR) system or higher. Base station 108 may provide user plane and control plane protocol termination to UE 104.

[0069] In some implementations, UE 104 and base station 108 may establish a data radio bearer (DRB) to support data transmission over a wireless link between the two nodes. In one example, these DRBs may be used for services from extended reality (XR) applications that contain large amounts of data conveying real and virtual images and audio for presentation to a user.

[0070] Network environment 100 may also include core network 112. For example, core network 112 may include a 5th generation core network (5GC) or a newer generation core network. Core network 112 may be coupled to base station 108 via fiber optic or wireless backhaul. Core network 112 may provide functionality to UE 104 via base station 108. These functions may include managing subscriber profile information, subscriber location, service authentication, or handover of voice and data sessions.

[0071] In some embodiments, network environment 100 may further include UE 106. UE 106 may be coupled to UE 104 via a sidelink interface. In some embodiments, UE 106 may act as a relay node to communicatively couple UE 104 to RAN 110. In other embodiments, UE 106 and UE 104 may represent terminating nodes of a communication link. For example, UE 104 and 106 may exchange data with each other.

[0072] Figure 2 UE 200 is illustrated according to some implementation schemes. UE 200 may be similar to UE 104 or UE 106 and is substantially interchangeable with them.

[0073] UE 200 can be any mobile or non-mobile computing device, such as, for example, a mobile phone, computer, tablet, industrial wireless sensor (e.g., microphone, carbon dioxide sensor, pressure sensor, humidity sensor, thermometer, motion sensor, accelerometer, laser scanner, fluid level sensor, stock sensor, voltmeter / ammeter, or actuator), video surveillance / monitoring device (e.g., camera or camcorder), wearable device (e.g., smartwatch), or Internet of Things device.

[0074] UE 200 may include a processor 204, RF interface circuitry 208, memory / storage device 212, user interface 216, sensor 220, drive circuitry 222, power management integrated circuit (PMIC) 224, antenna 226, and battery 228. The components of UE 200 may be implemented as integrated circuits (ICs), portions of integrated circuits, discrete electronic devices or other modules, logic components, hardware, software, firmware, or combinations thereof. Figure 2The block diagram is intended to show a simplified view of some of the components of the UE 200. However, some of the components shown may be omitted, additional components may be present, and different arrangements of the components shown may occur in other specific implementations.

[0075] The components of UE 200 can be coupled to various other components via one or more interconnects 232, which can represent any type of interface, input / output, bus (local, system, or extended), transmit line, trace, or optical connection, allowing various circuit components (on common or different chips or chipsets) to interact with each other.

[0076] Processor 204 may include processor circuitry, such as, for example, baseband processor circuitry (BB) 204A, central processing unit circuitry (CPU) 204B, and graphics processing unit circuitry (GPU) 204C. Processor 204 may include any type of circuitry or processor circuitry that executes or otherwise operates computer-executable instructions (such as program code, software modules, or functional processes from memory / storage device 212) to cause UE 200 to perform latency-adaptive operations as described herein. Processor 204 may also include interface circuitry 204D for communicatively coupling the processor circuitry to one or more other components of UE 200.

[0077] In some implementations, the baseband processor circuit 204A can access the communication protocol stack 236 in the memory / storage device 212 to communicate over a 3GPP-compliant network. Generally, the baseband processor circuit 204A can access the communication protocol stack 236 to perform the following operations: user plane functions at the PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, SDAP, and PDU layers; and control plane functions at the PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and NAS layers. In some implementations, PHY layer operations may additionally / optionally be performed by components of the RF interface circuit 208.

[0078] The baseband processor circuit 204A can generate or process baseband signals or waveforms carrying information in a 3GPP-compliant network. In some implementations, the waveform used for NR can be based on cyclic prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM) in the uplink or downlink, and Discrete Fourier Transform Extended OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) in the uplink.

[0079] The memory / storage device 212 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, which include instructions (e.g., communication protocol stack 236) that can be executed by one or more processors in processor 204 to cause UE 200 to perform various delay-adaptive operations described herein.

[0080] Memory / storage device 212 includes any type of volatile or non-volatile memory that can be distributed throughout the UE 200. In some embodiments, some memory / storage devices in memory / storage device 212 may be located on the processor 204 itself (e.g., memory / storage device 212 may be part of a chipset corresponding to baseband processor circuitry 204A), while other memory / storage devices 212 are located external to the processor 204 but are accessible via a memory interface. Memory / storage device 212 may include any suitable volatile or non-volatile memory, such as, but not limited to, dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, solid-state memory, or any other type of memory device technology.

[0081] RF interface circuitry 208 may include transceiver circuitry and a radio frequency front-end module (RFEM) that allows UE 200 to communicate with other devices via a radio access network. RF interface circuitry 208 may include various components arranged in the transmit or receive path. These components may include, for example, switches, mixers, amplifiers, filters, synthesizer circuitry, and control circuitry.

[0082] In the receiving path, the RFEM can receive the radiated signal from the air interface via antenna 226 and continue to filter and amplify the signal (using a low-noise amplifier). This signal can be provided to the receiver of the transceiver, which downconverts the RF signal into a baseband signal that is provided to the baseband processor of processor 204.

[0083] In the transmission path, the transceiver's transmitter up-converts the baseband signal received from the baseband processor and provides the RF signal to the RFEM. The RFEM can then amplify the RF signal using a power amplifier before it is radiated across the air interface via antenna 226.

[0084] In various implementations, the RF interface circuit 208 can be configured to transmit / receive signals in a manner compatible with NR access technologies.

[0085] Antenna 226 may include antenna elements to convert electrical signals into radio waves to travel through the air and to convert received radio waves back into electrical signals. These antenna elements may be arranged in one or more antenna panels. Antenna 226 may have omnidirectional, directional, or combinations thereof antenna panels to enable beamforming and multiple-input multiple-output communication. Antenna 226 may include a microstrip antenna, a printed antenna fabricated on the surface of one or more printed circuit boards, a patch antenna, or a phased array antenna. Antenna 226 may have one or more panels designed for a specific frequency band (including bands in FR1 or FR2).

[0086] User interface 216 includes various input / output (I / O) devices designed to enable users to interact with UE 200. User interface 216 includes input device circuitry and output device circuitry. Input device circuitry includes any physical or virtual components for accepting input, particularly including one or more physical or virtual buttons (e.g., a reset button), a physical keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a touchpad, a touchscreen, a microphone, a scanner, or a headset. Output device circuitry includes any physical or virtual components for displaying information or otherwise conveying information (such as sensor readings, actuator positions, or other similar information). Output device circuitry may include any number or combination of audio or visual displays, particularly including one or more simple visual outputs / indicators (e.g., binary status indicators such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and multi-character visual outputs), or more complex outputs such as display devices or touchscreens (e.g., liquid crystal displays (LCDs), LED displays, quantum dot displays, and projectors), wherein the output of characters, graphics, multimedia objects, etc., is generated or produced through the operation of UE 200.

[0087] Sensor 220 may include devices, modules, or subsystems designed to detect events or changes in its environment and transmit information about the detected events (sensor data) to other devices, modules, or subsystems. Examples of such sensors include: inertial measurement units including accelerometers, gyroscopes, or magnetometers; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) or nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) including 3-axis accelerometers, 3-axis gyroscopes, or magnetometers; level sensors; flow sensors; temperature sensors (e.g., thermistors); pressure sensors; barometric pressure sensors; gravimeters; altimeters; image capture devices (e.g., cameras or lensless aperture sensors); light detection and ranging sensors; proximity sensors (e.g., infrared radiation detectors); depth sensors; ambient light sensors; ultrasonic transceivers; and microphones or other similar audio capture devices.

[0088] The driving circuit 222 may include software and hardware elements that operate to control specific devices embedded in, attached to, or otherwise communicatively coupled to the UE 200. The driving circuit 222 may include various drivers that allow other components to interact with or control various input / output (I / O) devices that may exist within or be connected to the UE 200. For example, the driving circuit 222 may include: a display driver for controlling and allowing access to a display device; a touchscreen driver for controlling and allowing access to a touchscreen interface; a sensor driver for obtaining sensor readings of sensor 220 and controlling and allowing access to sensor 220; a driver for obtaining actuator positioning of electromechanical components or controlling and allowing access to electromechanical components; a camera driver for controlling and allowing access to an embedded image capture device; and an audio driver for controlling and allowing access to one or more audio devices.

[0089] PMIC 224 manages the power supplied to various components of UE 200. Specifically, relative to processor 204, PMIC 224 controls power source selection, voltage scaling, battery charging, or DC-DC conversion.

[0090] Battery 228 can power UE 200, but in some examples, UE 200 may be installed and deployed in a fixed location and may have a power source coupled to the power grid. Battery 228 may be a lithium-ion battery, a metal-air battery such as a zinc-air battery, an aluminum-air battery, a lithium-air battery, etc. In some specific implementations, such as in vehicle-based applications, battery 228 may be a typical lead-acid automotive battery.

[0091] Figure 3 Network device 300 is illustrated according to some implementation schemes. Network device 300 may be similar to or interchangeable with devices such as base station 108, core network 112, or external data network 120.

[0092] Network device 300 may include processor 304, RF interface circuitry 308 (if implemented as a base station), core network (CN) interface circuitry 314, memory / storage device circuitry 312, and antenna structure 326.

[0093] The components of network device 300 can be coupled to various other components via one or more interconnects 328.

[0094] The processor 304, RF interface circuit 308, memory / storage device circuit 312 (including communication protocol stack 310), antenna structure 326, and interconnect 328 can be similar to those relative to... Figure 2 Similar named elements are shown and described.

[0095] Processor 304 may include processor circuitry, such as, for example, baseband processor circuitry (BB) 304A, central processing unit circuitry (CPU) 304B, and graphics processing unit circuitry (GPU) 304C. Processor 304 may include any type of circuitry or processor circuitry that executes or otherwise operates computer-executable instructions (such as program code, software modules, or functional processes from memory / storage device circuitry 312) to cause network device 300 to perform the operations described herein. Processor 304 may also include interface circuitry 304D for communicatively coupling the processor circuitry to one or more other components of network device 300.

[0096] CN interface circuitry 314 can provide connectivity to a core network (e.g., a 5GC using a 5G core network (5GC) compatible network interface protocol, such as Carrier Ethernet or some other suitable protocol). Network connectivity can be provided to / from network device 300 via fiber optic or wireless backhaul. CN interface circuitry 314 may include one or more dedicated processors or FPGAs for communicating using one or more of the aforementioned protocols. In some implementations, CN interface circuitry 314 may include multiple controllers for providing connectivity to other networks using the same or different protocols.

[0097] In the Revision 16 (Rel-16) eType II Channel State Information (CSI) feedback design, spatial beam selection and frequency domain (FD) component selection (delay tap selection) as well as non-zero coefficient selection are used. In the Revision 18 (Rel-18) eType II predictive CSI feedback design, spatial beam selection and FD component selection (delay tap selection) as well as Doppler component selection and non-zero coefficient selection are used. As a first point, this disclosure reviews the design of predictive CSI from Revision 18 New Radio (NR) and proposes a new design for sixth generation (6G).

[0098] In 5G, Rel-15 supports frequency range 1 (FR1) (410MHz to 7125MHz) and frequency range 2 (FR2) (24.25GHz to 52.6GHz). Starting with Rel-16, FR2-2 (for spectrum above 52.6GHz) is also supported. The carrier frequencies in FR2 are higher than those in FR1. Furthermore, the channel bandwidth in FR2 tends to be greater than that in FR1. FR2 can provide capacity when available, while FR1 is better than FR2 in providing coverage. It can be noted that to provide ubiquitous coverage with FR2, capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operating expenditure (OPEX) can be very high. And to some extent, FR2 technology has not yet worked as well as hoped at the start of 5G. Utilizing frequency range 3 (FR3) (7.125GHz to 24.25GHz), there is a high prospect of solving both capacity and coverage issues, as the channel bandwidth at FR3 is higher than that at FR1. Furthermore, deployment and operation at FR3 may be less expensive than at FR2.

[0099] First, it is recognized that cell site acquisition is a critical issue in radio network construction. Cell site acquisition can be expensive. Additionally, in some cases, obtaining the location of cellular radio towers can be problematic. Reusing FR1 cell sites for FR3 may be highly desirable. However, at higher carrier frequencies, the path loss of FR3 is greater than that of FR1, which can lead to a link budget shortfall for UEs located at cell boundaries compared to FR1. To address the link budget issue, utilizing base station antenna arrays with more antenna elements and more antenna ports is part of the approach. Since the wavelength at the FR3 carrier frequency is smaller than the wavelength at the FR1 carrier frequency, the FR3 antenna array can accommodate more antenna elements and antenna ports given the same physical size of the antenna array.

[0100] Practical considerations such as wind load impose constraints on the form factor of the base station antenna array at FR3. It is reasonable to assume that this form factor is no larger than that at FR1, for example, approximately 1 to 1.5 meters in the vertical dimension and 0.5 meters in the horizontal dimension. The antenna array size (aperture) measured from the diagonal dimensions can be as high as 1.5 meters.

[0101] For a 3.5 GHz antenna module, 192 antenna elements can be arranged in a 12×8 array, i.e., the array has 12 rows and 8 columns, for a total of 96 grids. A pair of cross-polarized antennas can be placed on each grid. If the antenna element spacing in the horizontal direction is d... h =0.5λ and is d in the vertical direction v =0.8λ,

[0102] and

[0103] rice,

[0104] The dimensions of the antenna array are given by the following formula:

[0105] (H bts =12·0.8λ)×(W bts =8·0.5λ)=(0.822 meters × 0.343 meters).

[0106] The size of the antenna array is given by the following formula:

[0107]

[0108] Where H bts It is the base station height, and W bts .

[0109] Increasing the number of antenna elements and ports on the base station side to compensate for link budget loss is not without its complexities. How to address these complexities is likely to be a major theme in 6G design.

[0110] For CSI acquisition of downlink and downlink transmissions in the control / data channels, the focus is on electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation from the base station to the UE. Since air is a reciprocal medium, it is sometimes more convenient to describe EM wave propagation from the UE to the base station. The first description can be designated "downlink specification," and subsequent descriptions can be designated "uplink specification." Rayleigh distance is used to distinguish between near-field and far-field propagation.

[0111]

[0112] Rayleigh distance increases linearly with carrier frequency f and quadratically with antenna size D. C is the speed of light.

[0113] When the distance from the UE to the base station is much greater than the Rayleigh distance, using uplink configuration, the EM wave originating from the UE will arrive at the antenna elements on the base station antenna array with an almost planar wavefront, and the arrival time difference of these antenna elements is well characterized in a linear form. This is because the antenna elements are uniformly spaced in the vertical direction (e.g., antenna spacing is d). v And they are also evenly spaced in the horizontal direction (e.g., antenna spacing is d). h The horizontal and vertical DFT vectors can be used to represent the array response vector, which is indeed a practice in Long Term Evolution (LTE) and NR.

[0114] When the distance from the UE to the base station is within Rayleigh distance, using uplink configuration, the EM wave originating from the UE will arrive at the antenna elements on the base station antenna array with a curved wavefront, and the arrival time difference of these antenna elements can no longer be well characterized in a linear form. Since the horizontal and vertical DFT vectors cannot be used to represent the array response vector, this inspires CSI enhancement in 6G, especially for FR3.

[0115] Fundamentally, CSI acquisition can be performed either in a dedicated manner or as a byproduct of downlink channel processing. For the latter, acquiring CSI from Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) processing is possible. However, traditionally, dedicated CSI acquisition has been the focus, and within this, there are downlink-based downlink CSI acquisition and uplink-based downlink CSI acquisition. Both have their advantages and disadvantages:

[0116] Using downlink-based CSI acquisition, the UE measures the non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources for its desired channel and the NZP and / or zero power (ZP) CSI-RS resources for interference. The acquired CSI already includes downlink interference, making it more readily available to the network scheduler. However, the quality of this CSI is constrained by the downlink link budget, particularly by the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the CSI-RS. The network may aim to maintain this SINR at a specified level, but the burden of processing the CSI is borne by the UE.

[0117] Using uplink-based downlink CSI acquisition, the UE sends a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) to the NW. The NW measures the transmitted signal and relies on channel reciprocity to acquire the downlink CSI. First, using Time Division Duplex (TDD), although the radio channel itself is reciprocal between DL and UL, calibration errors may exist between DL and UL at both the NW and UE. Therefore, reciprocity is never fully achieved. Another drawback is that the acquired CSI may not account for downlink interference, thus it cannot be immediately used by the NW scheduler. Furthermore, the quality of the CSI is limited by the uplink link budget. Considering that the UE's maximum Tx power is much smaller than the NW's maximum Tx power, the applicability of uplink-based downlink CSI acquisition is more limited than that of downlink-based downlink CSI acquisition. However, the CSI processing burden lies on the NW side. Therefore, UE vendors may advantageously consider uplink-based downlink CSI acquisition, but it should be understood that this may not always be feasible.

[0118] For near-field propagation, two phenomena are frequently mentioned: 1) spherical wave propagation, which has already been addressed in the discussion of plane wavefronts and curved plane wavefronts; and 2) spatial nonstationarity. By realizing that the number of AoDs with significant power is much smaller than the number of antenna ports, representing AoDs and their corresponding contributions in power / phase is more efficient than directly representing the antenna array pre-decoder coefficients. This technique has been utilized in Type I and Type II CSI feedback across versions of NR and LTE. Note that such transformations utilizing DFT are possible because a plane wavefront of EM wave propagation between the NW and UE can be assumed, which is a valid assumption if the UE is located in the far-field region relative to the NW.

[0119] The codebook design from Rel-16 eType II is shown below.

[0120]

[0121] Furthermore, v_0, v_1, ..., v_(L–1) are DFT vectors. In other words, AoD is described using the DFT basis. The DFT basis, as an orthogonal basis, has many desirable properties, such as allowing efficient searching of important AoDs.

[0122] However, when the UE is located in the near-field region relative to the NW, the flexural wavefront can no longer be described by the DFT basis.

[0123] Spatial nonstationarity refers to the phenomenon that, relative to the propagation of EM waves toward the UE, some antenna elements in a base station antenna array may be blocked by objects, while other antenna elements in the same array remain unblocked. When all antenna elements are located at a single site, an obstructing object must be close to the antenna elements to cause a partial obstruction effect.

[0124] Version 19 (Rel-19) frequency range 3 (FR3) channel modeling is a consideration in the methods of this disclosure. FR3 can refer to the range of the spectrum between 7.125 GHz and 24.25 GHz. Each generation of channel models has been used to stimulate multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) CSI feedback designs. Two considerations relevant to the subject matter of this disclosure are listed below.

[0125] For near-field channels, if necessary, to model the following antenna element-level channel parameters for the direct path between the transmit / receive point (TRP) and the UE: angular domain parameters (i.e., angle of arrival (AoA), angle of departure (AoD), ZoA, ZoD), delay, initial phase, Doppler shift, amplitude, and, to further consider, the impact on polarization, the following options may be considered. The first option (which may be referred to as "Option-1") may involve determining the positions of both the TRP and the user equipment (UE). The second option (which may be referred to as "Option-2") may involve determining the positions of the antenna elements of both the TRP and the UE.

[0126] For modeling spatial nonstationarity, at least the following options can be investigated to identify affected rays / clusters and element-to-link pairs. In the first option (which may be referred to as "Option 1"), a visibility probability for each ray / cluster or a visibility region for a set of antenna elements can be introduced. In the second option (which may be referred to as "Option 2"), physical obstructions can be introduced to simulate the obstruction effect of each element-to-link pair. Note that consistency across antenna elements and across clusters should be ensured.

[0127] Figure 4 Table 400 illustrates example evolutions of MIMO codebooks in NR according to some implementation schemes. For example, Table 400 illustrates example drivers for MIMO codebooks in NR according to some implementation schemes.

[0128] The CSI feedback framework can vary depending on the version of the communication network. For Rel-18 Artificial Intelligence Channel State Information (AI-CSI) compression, the following is generally followed, which can be specified as a "raw domain" approach and is similar to image processing techniques. Figure 5 Example codebook 500 for Rel-18 AI-CSI is illustrated according to some implementation schemes.

[0129] NR MIMO codebooks are typically entered into the transformed domain (angular / spatial / Doppler) to reduce CSI feedback overhead. Figure 6 Example codebook 600 for NR MIMO is shown according to some implementation schemes.

[0130] Rel-19 AI-CSI compression / prediction also takes the time domain into account. Figure 7 Example codebook 700 for Rel-19 AI-CSI is illustrated according to some implementation schemes.

[0131] Figure 8 An example Rel-18 Coherent Joint Transmission (CJT) codebook 800 according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. The Rel-18 CJT codebook is an interesting design and can be considered as a basic building block of design.

[0132] CJT codebook 800 may include codebook arrangements for multiple base stations. For example, in an illustrated embodiment, the CJT codebook includes a first arrangement 802 for a first base station and a second arrangement 804 for a second base station. The first arrangement 802 may define a configuration of a first antenna array for the first base station. The second arrangement 804 may define a configuration of a second antenna array for the second base station. The first arrangement 802 may differ from the second arrangement 804, wherein the first arrangement 802 and / or the second arrangement 804 may be configured based on the relative positions of the corresponding base stations. In some embodiments, both the first base station implementing the first arrangement 802 and the second base station implementing the second arrangement 804 may be simultaneously connected to the base station.

[0133] "Pages" or "pages" can be introduced for frequency / Doppler offsets. Multiple "pages" (or "pages") for a single spatial layer can be implemented in Rel-18. Each page can correspond to one frequency offset (only two "pages" are supported in Rel-18). For a single TRP, predictive CSI is useful for discovery.

[0134] Figure 9 and Figure 10 Examples of multi-page numberbooks for different versions are shown according to some implementation schemes. Specifically, Figure 9 An example of a multi-page codebook 900 for Rel-16 is shown according to some implementation schemes. Figure 10 An example of a multi-page codebook 1000 for Rel-18 is shown according to some implementation schemes.

[0135] The codebook 900 for Rel-16 may include pages for each spatial layer. For example, in an illustrated embodiment, the codebook 900 may include a first page 902 and a second page 904. The first page 902 may define a configuration for a first spatial layer, and the second page 904 may define a configuration for a second spatial layer.

[0136] The codebook 1000 for Rel-18 may include pages for each frequency offset of the spatial layer. For example, codebook 1000 may include a first page 1002, a second page 1004, and a third page 1006. The first page 1002 may define a configuration for a negative frequency offset shift of –1·Δf for the first spatial layer, the second page 1004 may define a configuration for no frequency shift for the first spatial layer, and the third page 1006 may define a configuration for a positive frequency offset shift of 1·Δf for the first spatial layer. In other embodiments, codebook 1000 may include pages for further offset shifts for the first spatial layer, including –2·Δf offset shifts and 2·Δf offset shifts.

[0137] In some versions, other predictive CSI work in 3GPP is supported. For example, predictive CSI is supported in Rel-18 NR via the MIMO work item, and there is parallel discussion in the machine learning research item.

[0138] The Rel-18 CJT codebook can be used for multiple base stations. For multiple base stations, the Rel-18 CJT codebook is built from the Rel-16 design. For example, Figure 9 The codebook 900 can be used by multiple base stations. Specifically, a first base station in the network of Rel-18 can utilize the codebook 900, and a second base station in the network can also utilize the codebook 900. The first spatial layer of the first base station can implement a first page 902, and the second spatial layer of the first base station can implement a second page 904. The first spatial layer of the second base station can implement the first page 902, and the second spatial layer of the second base station can implement the second page 904. The first and second base stations can have simultaneous connections with the UE.

[0139] Throughout the methods described in this disclosure, near-field channel modeling and Rayleigh distance may be considered. One difference between near-field and far-field scenarios is that wave propagation is no longer planar but spherical. For example, when the distance between the antenna element and the transmitting device is greater than the Rayleigh distance, the signal received by the antenna element of the antenna array may appear planar. When the distance between the antenna element and the transmitting device is less than the Rayleigh distance, the signal received by the antenna element may appear spherical.

[0140] Figure 11 Table 1100 illustrates example Rayleigh distances according to some implementation schemes. The Rayleigh distance may depend at least in part on the transmission distance of the signal and the wavelength of the signal. The Rayleigh distance may be provided by equation 1102. Specifically, the Rayleigh distance can be obtained through... The calculation is performed, where D is the transmission distance, φ is π / 8, and λ is the wavelength of the signal. As can be seen from Table 1100, signals with longer wavelengths have greater Rayleigh distances than signals with shorter wavelengths. Since the signal in FR3 has a longer wavelength, its Rayleigh distance tends to be larger. A larger Rayleigh distance will cause the signal to appear spherical over longer distances, which can potentially cause problems.

[0141] Figure 12 An example signal propagation representation 1200 according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. Specifically, representation 1200 illustrates an example signal propagation from the UE to the antenna array.

[0142] Representation 1200 includes UE 1202. UE 1202 can transmit signals. Representation 1200 illustrates a propagation path 1204 for a signal transmitted from UE 1202. Specifically, the signal transmitted by UE 1202 can propagate along propagation path 1204. Representation 1200 also includes a wavefront 1206 illustrated at the end of the illustrated propagation path 1204.

[0143] The designation 1200 also includes antenna elements 1208 for a base station. Antenna elements 1208 can be arranged in different configurations, with different antenna elements located at different positions. In an illustrated embodiment, antenna elements 1208 are arranged in a row, extending from approximately –0.3 meters (m) to 0.3 meters.

[0144] As can be seen from representation 1200, the first part of wavefront 1206 may have reached the first part of antenna element 1208, and the second part of wavefront 1206 has not yet reached the second part of antenna element 1208. Thus, wavefront 1206 may appear spherical, which may be caused by UE 1202 within the Rayleigh distance of the signal wavelength.

[0145] Spatial nonstationarity is a topic of interest in FR3 channel model research. FR3 channel models can be enhanced to reflect spatial nonstationarity in visibility regions, such as those used in COST 2100.

[0146] When considering spatial nonstationarity, basic feedback can break down. Of course, it is necessary to first determine whether spatial nonstationarity occurs and at what frequency (considering antenna module construction).

[0147] The spatial nonstationarity of the near field can be modeled as follows. In the near field, spatial nonstationarity for large-scale MIMO can also be considered in the FR3 channel model. This can occur when the propagation path is blocked, or when the power of the scattered signal from a directional cluster is concentrated on a portion of the antenna array, as in... Figure 13As illustrated in the example, the antenna array is divided into line-of-sight (LOS) and obstruction regions. Due to spatial non-stationarity, antenna elements at different spatial locations may cause different channel multipath characteristics. The COST 2100 channel model can define the visibility region of the antenna array for each cluster to support the modeling of spatial non-stationarity. For the case of correlation among nearby UEs, spatial consistency can be considered, which can be regarded as spatial non-stationarity on the UE side. In the FR3 channel model, spatial non-stationarity on the base station (e.g., next-generation Node B (gNB)) side can be studied as the size of the antenna array increases. To model the variation in signal strength between antenna arrays, additional operations regarding antenna location can exist when generating cluster power.

[0148] Figure 13 An example system arrangement 1300 according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. For example, system arrangement 1300 illustrates an example communication instance between a UE and the antenna array of a base station. System arrangement 1300 may be an example of the spatial nonstationarity of the FR3 channel model.

[0149] System arrangement 1300 includes UE 1302. Furthermore, the system arrangement includes antenna array 1304. Antenna array 1304 may include one or more antenna elements. In an illustrated embodiment, antenna array 1304 includes multiple antenna elements, as represented by a rectangle along antenna array 1304 in an illustrated embodiment. In an illustrated embodiment, the antenna elements of antenna array 1304 are arranged in a row.

[0150] UE 1302 can transmit signals to antenna array 1304. System arrangement 1300 illustrates an example propagation of a signal from UE 1302. This signal can propagate via LOS.

[0151] System arrangement 1300 may include a block 1306. Block 1306 may block a portion of the signal propagating from UE 1302 along the LOS toward the antenna array. Block 1306 may prevent that portion of the signal from reaching the antenna array 1304. A portion of the antenna elements of the antenna array 1304 on the LOS, away from UE 1302, may not receive the signal from UE 1302. This portion of the antenna elements that does not receive the signal may be referred to as a blocking region 1308.

[0152] System arrangement 1300 may include cluster 1310. Cluster 1310 may include another UE and / or device capable of receiving signals from UE 1302 and forwarding these signals to antenna array 1304. Cluster 1310 may receive a portion of the signal from UE 1302 and forward that signal to the antenna array.

[0153] A portion of the signal from UE 1302 can propagate to antenna array 1304 via LOS without being blocked by obstruction 1306 or any other obstruction. This portion of the signal can reach a portion of the antenna elements of antenna array 1304. Therefore, this portion of the antenna elements can receive signals from UE 1302. This portion of the antenna elements receiving signals from the UE can be referred to as the LOS region. In the illustrated embodiment, a first LOS region 1312 and a second LOS region 1314 of the antenna elements can receive signals from UE 1302 on the LOS.

[0154] The visibility region (VR) is a circular area of ​​fixed size within the simulated area. It determines the visibility of only one cluster. As a UE (such as a mobile station (MS)) enters the VR, the visibility of the relevant cluster can be smoothly increased, such as... Figure 14 As shown. This can be mathematically explained by the VR gain, which increases from 0 to 1 upon entering a VR. Furthermore, multiple clusters can be simultaneously visible when the UE is located in an area where multiple VRs overlap. In the COST 2100 model, VRs are uniformly distributed across the simulated area, and the VR density is related to the average number of visible clusters determined experimentally.

[0155] Figure 14 An example visibility area arrangement 1400 according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. This area arrangement illustrates the concept of a visibility area. The size of the circle around the UE can represent the visibility level of the cluster to the base station-UE channel. When the UE moves outside the cluster's visibility area, the relevant cluster may become completely inactive during transmission.

[0156] Arrangement 1400 includes VR 1402. VR 1402 can be a circular area, which can be of a fixed size in arrangement 1400. Arrangement 1400 can include base station 1404 and trunking 1406. UEs within VR 1402 can communicate with base station 1404 via trunking 1406.

[0157] Arrangement 1400 includes multiple UE location representations. Specifically, arrangement 1400 includes a first UE location representation 1408, a second UE location representation 1410, and a third UE location representation 1412. UEs can move between the first UE location representation 1408, the second UE location representation 1410, and the third UE location representation 1412.

[0158] The first UE location representation 1408 may be located outside of VR 1402. The first UE location representation 1408 is indicated by a relatively small circle, which indicates the relatively low visibility of the UE when it is located at the first UE location representation 1408. When the UE is located at the first UE location representation 1408, cluster 1406 may be inactive for the UE.

[0159] The second UE location representation 1410 may be located within VR 1402. The UE may move from the first UE location representation 1408 to the second UE location representation 1410. The second UE location representation 1410 is illustrated as having a circle larger than the circle of the first UE location representation 1408. The fact that the circle of the second UE location representation 1410 is larger than the circle of the first UE location representation 1408 indicates that the UE has greater visibility when located at the second UE location representation 1410 than when located at the first UE location representation 1408.

[0160] The third UE location representation 1412 may be located within VR 1402. The UE may move from the second UE location representation 1410 to the third UE location representation 1412. The third UE location representation 1412 is illustrated as having a larger circle than the circle of the second UE location representation 1410. The fact that the circle of the third UE location representation 1412 is larger than the circle of the second UE location representation 1410 indicates that the UE has greater visibility when located at the third UE location representation 1412 than when located at the second UE location representation 1410.

[0161] Challenges may arise from near-field wave propagation in FR3. Most NR codebooks use Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) beamforming to construct the spatial, frequency, and Doppler domain foundations. Due to far-field propagation, it can be assumed that plane waves impact the base station antenna array, making the use of DFT basis vectors a suitable choice for constructing the spatial foundation. As discussed above, CSI feedback for near-field wave propagation introduces new challenges, and DFT-based representations that work well for far-field UEs may no longer be applicable.

[0162] In a broad sense, there are two approaches to CSI feedback for near-field wave propagation. In the first approach, since the pre-decoder representation based on DFT is no longer suitable, a new representation can be explored. Then, for far-field UEs, it may still be possible to use a DFT-based representation in 6G. Then, for near-field UEs, a new representation can be used. One issue is that, since the UE can move into or out of the near-field region relative to the base station, how to handle the transition between the two representations can complicate CSI processing.

[0163] In the second approach, since DFT-based solutions already serve 5G well, industry and academia have gained much insight into them, and highly efficient implementations may already be in place, it is expected that enhancements can be developed based on existing designs, for example, the DFT foundation should be retained.

[0164] The propagation of spherical waves within the Rayleigh distance invalidates the assumptions of the space fundamental. (See reference...) Figure 13 and Figure 14 The explained spatial nonstationarity invalidates the fundamental assumptions of the MIMO codebook construction.

[0165] When viewed from the perspective of all antenna elements at the base station antenna array, the wavefront (uplink specification) from the UE is observed to be curved. For several adjacent antenna elements, the wavefront is almost planar. This is analogous to the need to approximate a 1-D curve. Instead of using a single linear line to approximate a 1D curve, piecewise linear lines can be used. Extending this to a 2D approximation, multiple 2D planar patches can be used to approximate the curved wavefront. If the wavefront is much more curved relative to the actual wavefront of the antenna array / panel, but we assume the wavefront is planar, this can be called curvature mismatch. This discussion leads us to an important observation: the base station antenna array can be subdivided into small (virtual) panels, and planar wavefronts can be assumed for each of these small panels.

[0166] Subdivision of the base station's antenna array could be considered. Subdivision capabilities could include reducing the Rayleigh distance proportionally to the inverse of the square of the antenna panel size.

[0167] However, if the number of small panels is large, CSI calculations can become very complex, and CSI feedback overhead can be excessive. We now need to return to the Rayleigh distance formula. Instead of processing...

[0168] D = D bts ,

[0169] What is being processed now is

[0170] D = D 面板

[0171] For example, if a base station antenna array has 12 rows and 8 columns of antenna elements, where d h =0.5λ and d v =0.8λ, the size of the base station antenna array is given by the following formula:

[0172]

[0173] Furthermore, the Rayleigh distance of the entire base station antenna array is given by the following formula:

[0174]

[0175] If the base station antenna array is divided into two small panels by vertically cutting the antenna array in the middle, each panel has 6 rows and 8 columns of antenna elements, where d h =0.5λ and d v =0.8λ,

[0176]

[0177] For the distance to the base station in D 瑞利,面板 Within the UE, the wavefront from the UE toward the panel is still curved. However, since the Rayleigh distance is a quadratic function of the antenna array / panel size, reducing the panel size (i.e., subdividing the base station antenna array into more and smaller panels) is an effective way to reduce the number or percentage of UEs suffering from curvature mismatch.

[0178] It can be seen that D 瑞利,面板 Reduced to D 瑞利,BTS 36%, and the number of UEs in the near-field region (within Rayleigh distance) decreased even faster (shrinking to 13% of the original region!).

[0179] The Rayleigh distance formula can also be viewed by applying a target to the Rayleigh distance. Then, for higher carrier frequencies, the panel size needs to be reduced. Formally, we have

[0180]

[0181] Therefore, if the carrier frequency is twice the reference carrier frequency, the panel size needs to be reduced to its original size. If the carrier frequency is four times higher, the panel size needs to be reduced to half of its original size.

[0182] The target Rayleigh distance can be derived from the Rayleigh distance at the FR1 frequency. Therefore, for the same deployment scenario of both FR1 and FR3, all UEs that can be served by FR1 can also be served by FR3. Since near-field wave propagation is not considered a critical issue at FR1, achieving the same Rayleigh distance is sufficient from a panel perspective.

[0183]

[0184] And we require

[0185] D FR1,天线-阵列 =D FR3,面板

[0186] Then we can solve for D. FR3,面板 for:

[0187]

[0188] Note that the above equations provide specific design goals, assuming the base station antenna arrays at FR1 and FR3 have the same physical construction. Of course, even if their physical constructions differ, the design examples presented in this article can still be followed.

[0189] Figure 24B An example network layout 2440 is illustrated according to some implementation schemes. From Figure 24B As can be seen, when the UE is in the near-field region of the base station antenna array, because the base station antenna array is subdivided into virtual panels, the UE is not in the near-field region relative to the (virtual) panel at the base station site. The aperture of the base station antenna array is shown as a dotted line 2442, and the aperture of the virtual panel is shown as a dashed line 2444.

[0190] It can be seen that this formulation is closely related to the coherent joint transmission codebook specified in Rel-18. Rel-18 specifies CSI feedback for multiple transmit and receive points (TRPs) (up to 4 TRPs). For each TRP, the spatial beams can be selected independently, including the number of spatial beams for each TRP. It is even possible to deselect a TRP, for example, due to weak signal from that TRP. For near-field CSI designs, while some designs can be utilized from the CJT codebook, designs can be made more efficient by leveraging the fact that EM propagation toward the panel is different, and they are correlated or similar. EM propagation is never as different as it is between TRPs at different cell sites. In fact, they are highly correlated. This correlation is used to develop a more efficient FR3 CSI feedback design than the Rel-18 CJT codebook. Based on the CSI report field in the Rel-18 CJT codebook, 6G FR3 MIMO CSI may need to be modified.

[0191] At this point, the intuition behind the segmentation technique can be well established. Now, we can look at some derivations to build an understanding of the correlation between the beams of different panels. Note that in the precise derivation, the radiated power is also a function of the distance from the point source. To avoid tedious derivations, we restrict ourselves to considering only the phase difference.

[0192] Figure 24C An example antenna array arrangement 2460 according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. Figure 24C In, there are 6 rows (M) 总 =6) and 4 columns (N) 总 =4) The base station antenna array 2462 of the antenna elements is shown as confined in the XZ plane.

[0193] The origin of the 3D coordinate system (point O (not shown)) is at the center of the antenna element. The antenna element is defined according to its row index m. a and column index n a To perform indexing (the subscript "a" is used for antenna elements). Antenna element 2464 surrounding point O is assigned an index pair (n). a =0,m a =0), antenna element 2466 in the fourth row / fourth column is assigned the index pair (n a =3,m a =3), and the antenna element 2468 in the first row / fourth column is assigned an index pair (n a =3,m a =0).

[0194] Point F is located on the Z-axis, and point E is located on the X-axis.

[0195] UE 2470 is located at point A, and the distance between point O and point A is r. A line perpendicular to the XY plane passing through point A intersects the XY plane at point B. Let the zenith angle ∠FOA be denoted as φ, and the azimuth angle ∠EOB as θ. It can be seen that the Cartesian coordinates of point A are given by the following equation:

[0196] (rcos(θ)sin(φ),rsin(θ)sin(φ),rcos(φ))

[0197] Let r(x,z) be the distance between the antenna element at (x,0,z) and point A. For the antenna element shown in the figure, x = n·d H , 0≤n≤N 总 -1, z = m·d V , 0≤m≤M 总 -1. It can be seen that r(0,0) = r.

[0198] r(x,z) 2 =(x-rcos(θ)sin(φ)) 2 +r 2 sin(φ) 2 sin(θ) 2 +(z-rcos(φ)) 2

[0199] =x 2 +z 2 -2·r(cos(θ)sin(φ)x+cos(φ)z)+r 2

[0200] make

[0201]

[0202] To check the phase difference between antenna elements, we need to calculate...

[0203]

[0204] For typical r, K << 1, then we can use Taylor expansion:

[0205]

[0206] Given that typical cell radii range from hundreds to thousands of meters, the accuracy of the Taylor expansion needs to take this into account.

[0207] To illustrate the key ideas, we choose to use the following approximation:

[0208]

[0209] therefore

[0210]

[0211] We can focus only on the important parts of the first and second terms (the components in K), because... Then we have

[0212]

[0213] Through subdivision, the M_"total" × N_"total" antenna elements and their corresponding antenna ports are divided into M_g × N_g virtual panels. The virtual panels of antenna elements / ports are composed of the antenna elements / ports that are close to each other. Each virtual panel has M rows and N columns.

[0214] For each virtual panel, the smaller surface patch is approximated by a linear plane. During linearization, the linear terms in x and z appear in the first part describing the curved wavefront. When the appearing linear terms are added to the second part (linear terms), the virtual panel behaves as if it receives a plane wavefront due to the combined linear terms. However, the linearized plane wavefront is not related to the angle of arrival at (θ,φ), but rather to the effective angle of arrival (θ',φ'), which can be specified as beam drift:

[0215] (θ,φ) with a curved wavefront → with a plane wavefront 0≤m g ≤M g -1, 0≤n g ≤N g -1.

[0216] By subdivision, if (x,0,z) is the position of the reference antenna element in the virtual antenna panel, and the position of another antenna element in the same virtual antenna panel can be represented by (x+Δx,0,z+Δz), then:

[0217]

[0218] or

[0219]

[0220] Then, for a virtual panel with the reference antenna element located at (x,0,z), the linearized plane wavefront is associated with the departure angle (θ′,φ′):

[0221]

[0222] The difference between (θ′,φ′) and (θ,φ) can be intuitively understood as spatial beam drift / AoD drift. By subdividing the base station antenna array into multiple virtual panels, multiple linearized wavefronts can be used for the corresponding virtual panels, and a DFT fundamental vector that can well represent (θ′,φ′) can be obtained. If a third-order approximation with Taylor expansion is required, the formulas for os(φ′) and cos(θ′)sin(φ′) can obtain more terms. However, the deterministic beam drift from one panel to another as a function of panel spacing and (θ,φ) still holds.

[0223] In actual base station implementations, multiple antenna elements are typically located under the same transceiver chain. Fixed feed networks, infrequently adjustable feed networks, or hybrid beamforming can be used to map the transceiver chain to those antenna elements. Antenna ports (logical antenna ports) associated with the CSI-RS resources configured in the NW can be mapped to the transceiver chain. Therefore, the dimension of the DFT fundamental vector applied to the entire base station antenna array may not be 2M. 总 ·N 总 ×1, and the dimension of the DFT basis vectors applied to the virtual panel may not be 2M·N×1.

[0224] By mapping logical antenna ports / transceivers / antenna elements, it is assumed that each virtual panel has 2N1N2 logical antenna ports, which are arranged with two polarization rows N2 and columns N1.

[0225] For virtual panels, the DoA search algorithm or spatial beam search algorithm can provide an estimate of (θ′,φ′) in floating-point form. However, for CSI feedback, it can be restricted to integer form. Instead of matching (θ′,φ′) with orthogonal DFT vectors, (θ′,φ′) can be matched with more non-orthogonal DFT vectors through oversampling.

[0226] DFT fundamental vector

[0227]

[0228] 0 ≤ n ≤ N1O1-1, 0 ≤ m ≤ N2O2-1, where O1 is the DFT oversampling factor associated with N1 and it provides a finer match for AoD in the horizontal domain, and O2 is the DFT oversampling factor associated with N2 and it provides a finer match for AoD in the vertical domain. If the angular difference is small, some rays / clusters can be mixed and indistinguishable because they all match the same DFT basis vector (any DFT vector among the N1·O1·N2·O2 DFT vectors parameterized by (n,m)).

[0229] Ideally, if feedback overhead is not a problem, then at each subband, for each resolvable ray / cluster with non-negligible power, the DFT basis vector parameterized by (n,m) is found from the entire set {(n,m), 0≤n≤N1O1-1, 0≤m≤N2O2-1}, which will consume The bit is used by the UE to indicate to the NW the selection of the DFT base vector. If each sub-band has N 选择的空间波束 The selected DFT basis vectors allow for the selection of different space beams (DFT basis vectors) for different subbands. If there are N3 subbands for CSI reporting, the signaling overhead for space beam selection on only N3 subbands will be... It can be substantial. Besides the feedback overhead, this design has at least two consequences.

[0230] The first consequence is that the DFT fundamental vector {(n)} k ,m k |0≤k≤N 选择的空间波束 The vectors may not be orthogonal to each other, so identifying those DFT fundamental vectors can be computationally complex.

[0231] Because for different subbands, different groups of selected DFT basis vectors can be chosen (e.g. The resulting union It could be quite large. For The presence of a strong AoD in some subbands but not in others indicates the need for a rich array of harmonics to represent it.

[0232]

[0233] Therefore, the dual-time domain representation in the Rel-16 eType II codebook

[0234]

[0235] It can be noted that in the Rel-18 CJT codebook, the UE can choose N. TRP N TRPs out of a total number of TRPs are designated as active TRPs. Based on the understanding of 6G FR3 MIMO CSI, the panel replaces the role of the TRP, and the Rel-18 TRP mechanism can then be reused for panel selection within the same base station antenna array. For example, in panels 1, 2, ..., N... 面板 If some or all of the antenna elements / ports are blocked by an object, the UE will not select that panel.

[0236] If the effect of blocking the object is well contained within several panels, the Rel-18 CJT selection mechanism may be sufficient. However, if the effect of blocking the object is not well contained within several panels (e.g., in the case of an odd-numbered shape, some antenna elements from multiple panels are blocked), then a different solution will be required.

[0237] As discussed above, this paper describes enhancements to the Rel-18 CJT codebook to address spherical wave propagation.

[0238] Since the Rel-18 CJT codebook uses the Rel-16 Type II codebook as a building block, the Rel-16 Type II codebook representation can be used in panels, and how spatial nonstationarity can be handled is discussed.

[0239] To recap, the Rel-16 Type II codebook is given by the following formula:

[0240]

[0241] If multiple antenna elements are mapped to antenna ports of a CSI-RS resource, it may be easier to discard the mapped antenna port if any of them are blocked. Consequently, the spatial beam vector can be modified by v0, ..., v L-1 To express.

[0242] Since a pair of cross-polarized antenna elements are placed at the same point on the base station antenna array, marking the discarded antenna port in a single polarization and then replicating that marking for the other polarization saves signaling overhead. In other words, common discard signaling can be used for both polarizations.

[0243] And we have

[0244] v′ k =Bv k

[0245] Where B is the blocking pattern represented by an N1N2×N1N2 diagonal matrix, for example, An N1N2×N1N2 matrix.

[0246]

[0247] or

[0248]

[0249] Figure 15 An example segmentation system arrangement 1500 according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. For example, segmentation system arrangement 1500 illustrates an example of communication between a UE and a segmented antenna array of a base station.

[0250] Arrangement 1500 includes UE 1502. UE 1502 can transmit signals to a base station. Arrangement 1500 includes antenna array 1504. Antenna array 1504 may include one or more antenna elements, wherein the antenna elements may be arranged in different arrangements. In the illustrated embodiment, the antenna elements in antenna array 1504 are arranged in an 8×4 rectangular arrangement.

[0251] Antenna array 1504 can be subdivided into multiple distinct sections. In an illustrated embodiment, antenna array 1504 is subdivided into a first section 1506 and a second section 1508. In an illustrated embodiment, the first section 1506 includes the upper 4×4 antenna elements of antenna array 1504. In an illustrated embodiment, the second section 1508 includes the lower 4×4 antenna elements of antenna array 1504.

[0252] Arrangement 1500 also includes building 1510. Signals from UE 1502 can be reflected from building 1510 to antenna array 1504. Therefore, antenna array 1504 can directly receive signals from UE 1502 and / or signals reflected from building 1510.

[0253] Arrangement 1500 illustrates an example signal propagation from UE 1502. Specifically, arrangement 1500 includes a first propagation ray 1512, a second propagation ray 1514, a third propagation ray 1516, a fourth propagation ray 1518, and a fifth propagation ray 1520. Each of the propagation rays illustrates a path that a signal can travel from UE 1502 to antenna array 1504.

[0254] The first propagating ray 1512 and the second propagating ray 1514 can propagate directly to the antenna array 1504. The first propagating ray 1512 can be received by the antenna element in the second partition 1508. The second propagating ray 1514 can be received by the antenna element in the first partition 1506. As can be seen from this arrangement, the angle of arrival of the first propagating ray 1512 at the antenna element in the second partition 1508 may be different from the angle of arrival of the second propagating ray 1514 at the antenna element in the first partition 1506.

[0255] The third propagating ray 1516 may be directed toward building 1510. The third propagating ray 1516 may contact building 1510 and be reflected from building 1510 to generate a fourth propagating ray 1518 and a fifth propagating ray 1520. The fourth propagating ray 1518 may be received by an antenna element within the second partition 1508. The fifth propagating ray 1520 may be received by an antenna element within the first partition 1506. As can be seen from this arrangement, the angle of arrival of the fourth propagating ray 1518 at the antenna element within the second partition 1508 may differ from the angle of arrival of the fifth propagating ray 1520 at the antenna element within the first partition 1506.

[0256] Figure 16 An example Rayleigh distance arc representation of 1600 is illustrated according to some implementation schemes. For example, representation 1600 illustrates an arcuate region within a Rayleigh distance with and without antenna array subdivision.

[0257] Representation 1600 includes a first arc representation 1602. The first arc representation 1602 represents an example region within the Rayleigh distance of an antenna array that has not yet been subdivided. Representation 1600 also includes a second arc representation 1604. The second arc representation 1604 represents an example region within the Rayleigh distance of an antenna array that has already been subdivided.

[0258] As can be seen from representation 1600, the area within the second arc representation 1604 is smaller than the area within the first arc representation 1602. As mentioned throughout this disclosure, when the antenna arrays of the UE and the base station are within Rayleigh distance, the received signal may appear spherical, which may be undesirable. Therefore, it may be desirable to have a smaller area covered by the Rayleigh distance. The second arc representation 1604, associated with a subdivided antenna array that covers an area smaller than that associated with the first arc representation 1602 of the undivided antenna array, illustrates that a subdivided antenna array can produce a Rayleigh distance covering a smaller area, which is desirable and can lead to improved service.

[0259] At a high level, to handle near-field wave propagation, base station antenna arrays can be subdivided into smaller panels. The CJTMIMO codebook can be used to handle MIMO CSI feedback. Conceptually, the same approach can be applied to near-field propagation utilizing a single base station (such as in...). Figure 15(in China), and can also be applied to multiple base stations (such as in China). Figure 18 (Middle). For near-field propagation at least for the same cell site, the CJT MIMO codebook can be enhanced.

[0260] In the Rel-18 CJT MIMO codebook design, the number of SD basis vectors used for different TRPs can be selected differently. The UE can select N L A combination of RRC configuration values ​​( The recommended combination of RRC configuration values ​​in the -bit indicator) for the UE is used to provide the SD base vector. The quantity indication, if N L If the value is 1, then the choice does not exist.

[0261] Since the channel conditions for virtual panels can be quite similar, the same number of spatial beams can be assumed for different panels for FR3 near-field CSI: It can be supported by a single value configured via NW or a list of values ​​configured via NW. The UE can then provide its recommended selection of the RRC configuration value.

[0262] As the distance between the UE and the cell site increases, the need for segmentation typically decreases; for example, the UE is moving towards the cell site beyond the Rayleigh distance. Therefore, support for the transition between near-field and far-field regions can also be considered. The UE or NW, or both the UE and NW, can be observed from CSI feedback, for example, comparing the similarity or dissimilarity of CSI across (virtual) panels in terms of spatial beam selection, non-zero coefficient location / bitmap. In one example, if for panel k, The spatial beam selection performed is the same as that performed for any other (virtual) panel, and further, the oversampling factor {q} 1,k, q 2,k If the AoDs are identical across (virtual) panels, the UE is likely in the far-field region because the AoDs are identical across panels. If any of them are dissimilar, the UE is likely in the near-field region. On the UE side, if multiple CSI reporting configurations are provided at the UE (e.g., CSI reporting configuration 1 for the far-field region, CSI reporting configuration 2 for the near-field region (subdivided into 2 virtual panels, so the feedback is reminiscent of feedback for 4 TRPs), CSI reporting configuration 3 for the near-field region (subdivided into 4 virtual panels, so the feedback is reminiscent of feedback for 4 TRPs), etc.), based on the observation of the most recent CSI feedback regarding the similarity / dissimilarity between panels (e.g., all spatial beams / non-zero coefficients indicate similarity between panels), the UE can switch the CSI reporting from one CSI reporting configuration to another for the current CSI report or the next CSI report.

[0263] For different CSI report configurations, the NW can anticipate different payload sizes in the CSI reports and / or parse the CSI reports differently. The UE can provide some indications. References to CSI report configurations (e.g., two bits for selection from three or four CSI report configurations) can be carried in the CSI report, for example, in a part-1 CSI report within a two-part CSI report. It is understood that such indications of CSI report configurations can be useful when the UE frequently moves in and out of the near-field area. If handovers are infrequent, the switching of CSI report configurations can also be carried in the MAC-CE or RRC signaling transmitted from the UE to the NW. In this case, it may not be necessary to carry the selection of CSI report configurations in the CSI report; for example, part-1 CSI may not contain such a field.

[0264] Because the NW can observe the CSI feedback history and detect whether the UE may have entered the far-field or near-field area, the NW can also indicate or activate the selection among multiple CSI reporting configurations configured for the UE. The UE can then perform CSI reporting accordingly.

[0265] For the near-field region, spatial beam selection is used in some implementations, utilizing a CSI reporting configuration for multiple (virtual) panels. and the oversampling factor {q} for panel k 1,k ,q 2,k}, 1≤k≤N TRP Feedback was sent to NW.

[0266] For CSI feedback where the base station antenna array is subdivided into virtual panels, the logical antenna ports on the base station antenna array can be associated with CSI-RS ports that have one or more CSI-RS resources. The antenna ports mapped to the virtual panels can come from one or more CSI-RS resources, and their port indices can be non-contiguous.

[0267] This can be further understood by considering the 3GPP RAN1 Release 19 128-port CSI design, which aggregates multiple CSI-RS resources, each with multiple ports for two polarizations, to provide support for 48, 64, and 128 CSI-RS ports. Figure 17A and Figure 17B Examples can be found in [the document]. For Rel-19 Type I and Type II codebook enhancements for 48, 64, and 128 CSI-RS ports, regarding the mapping from the CSI-RS resource index / port index and port index to the CSI / PMI calculated for each resource, the NW can configure the UE via higher-layer (RRC) signaling using one of the following mapping methods.

[0268] Figure 17A An example first mapping method arrangement 1700 according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. The first mapping method illustrated by the first mapping method arrangement 1700 (which may be referred to as "mapping method 1") may include sequential sorting / indexing within (first resource, first polarization), then (second resource, first polarization), ..., then (Kth resource, first polarization), then (first resource, second polarization), then (second resource, second polarization), ..., then (Kth resource, second polarization).

[0269] Figure 17B An example second mapping method arrangement 1710 according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. The second mapping method illustrated by the second mapping method arrangement 1710 (which may be referred to as "mapping method 2") may include sequential sorting / indexing in (where K*n2 = N2). For a first polarization, it includes (the first n2 ports in the first resource, first polarization), (the first n2 ports in the second resource, first polarization), ..., (the first n2 ports in the Kth resource, first polarization), then (the second n2 ports in the first resource, first polarization), (the second n2 ports in the second resource, first polarization), ..., (the second n2 ports in the Kth resource, first polarization), ..., then (the N1 n2 ports in the first resource, first polarization), (the N1 n2 ports in the second resource, first polarization), ..., (the N1 n2 ports in the Kth resource, first polarization). For the second polarization, it includes (the first n2 ports in the first resource, second polarization), (the first n2 ports in the second resource, second polarization), ..., (the first n2 ports in the Kth resource, second polarization), then (the second n2 ports in the first resource, second polarization), (the second n2 ports in the second resource, second polarization), ..., (the second n2 ports in the Kth resource, second polarization), ..., then (the N1 n2 ports in the first resource, second polarization), (the N1 n2 ports in the second resource, second polarization), ..., (the N1 n2 ports in the Kth resource, second polarization).

[0270] For FR3 spectrum, more CSI-RS ports may be required. The CSI-RS port index can then be used for the entire base station antenna array, which can be aggregated in one dimension as in Rel-19 NR design, or aggregated in two dimensions as in matrix arrangement of CSI-RS resources, where column priority is given according to CSI-RS resource index, or row priority is given according to CSI-RS resource index.

[0271] Figure 17D An example of a fourth mapping method arrangement 1730 is illustrated according to some implementation schemes. For subdivisions, such asFigure 17D As shown in arrangement 1730, one or more CSI-RS resources can be selected for the virtual panel, wherein CSI-RS resource 0, which is surrounded by a curved block, is selected for the virtual panel. Figure 17C An example of a third mapping method arrangement 1720 according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. Figure 17E Example fifth mapping method arrangement 1740 is illustrated according to some implementation schemes. In other cases, as illustrated in arrangements 1720 and 1740, a portion of the CSI-RS resources may be selected for the virtual panel. Figure 17F Example of a sixth mapping method arrangement 1750 according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. Figure 17G An example of a seventh mapping method arrangement 1760 according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. To avoid complex rules in deriving a way for the CSI-RS ports intended for use in virtual panels, the CSI-RS ports for the entire base station antenna array can be divided into Mg×Ng virtual panels, with enclosed CSI-RS ports in the virtual panels (shown by dashed rectangles 1752 and 1754, for subdivision using method 1).

[0272] In other implementations, spatial beam selection can be jointly selected across (virtual) panels, replacing feedback. and oversampling factor {q 1,k ,q 2,k} for panel k, 1≤k≤N TRP The UE can provide feedback on common space beam selection. For all or a set of virtual panels, but each (virtual) panel has an oversampling factor {q} 1,k ,q 2,k}k, 1≤k≤N TRP This can be fed back to the NW. Simulation evaluation shows that this processing is possible in some cases, and it leads to a reduction in CSI feedback overhead. If all virtual panels or most virtual panels in a group of virtual panels share the same oversampling factor, the UE can feed back the common oversampling factor that is shared by default among the virtual panels. Signaling mechanisms (such as bitmaps) can be used to instruct virtual panels that cannot utilize the common oversampling factor by default (e.g., for virtual panels 1, 3, and 4

[1011] ) to use the common oversampling factor by default, and to additionally signal the panel-specific oversampling factor for virtual panel 2. This design can be driven by a reduction in CSI feedback overhead.

[0273] For CSI feedback schemes built upon Rel-16 eType II CSI feedback, such as Rel-16eType II, Rel-18 CJT codebooks, and Rel-18 predictive CSI codebooks, a delay tap with non-negligible power (the selected delay tap) can be selected and reported back to the NW. To control feedback overhead, as in Rel-16 eType II CSI feedback, the UE can be configured with a ratio of the number of selected delay taps to the total number of delay taps, which is equal to the number of PMI subbands due to time-frequency duality. In some implementations, this ratio is the same across virtual panels. In some implementations, the selected delay taps can differ across (virtual) panels. In other implementations, considering that the propagation delay difference between multipaths at virtual panels may not be significant, the selected delay taps are typically used for a set of virtual panels, including all virtual panels. In Rel-16 eType II CSI feedback and the CSI feedback scheme built upon it, the size is 2LM. ν The bitmap used to indicate nonzero linear combination coefficients incurs considerable overhead. In some implementations, a per-virtual-panel nonzero coefficient selection bitmap can be used. Considering the use of common spatial beambands (each virtual panel or group of virtual panels may experience different oversampling factors) and common delay tap selection across panels, a common nonzero coefficient selection bitmap can be used for a group of virtual panels, including all virtual panels.

[0274] Figure 18 An example multi-base station arrangement 1800 according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. For example, this arrangement illustrates multiple base stations communicating with a single UE. These base stations can be connected to the single UE simultaneously.

[0275] Deployment 1800 includes UE 1802. UE 1802 can establish simultaneous connections with two or more base stations. Deployment 1800 includes a first base station 1804 and a second base station 1806. UE 1802 can establish connections with the first base station 1804 and the second base station 1806. UE 1802 can exchange signals with the first base station 1804 and the second base station 1806.

[0276] The arrangement 1800 includes a central scheduler 1808. The central scheduler 1808 can be connected to both the first base station 1804 and the second base station 1806. The central scheduler 1808 can schedule transmissions between the first base station 1804, the second base station 1806, and the UE 1802. Scheduling transmissions can facilitate the first base station 1804 and the second base station 1806 to provide services to the UE 1802.

[0277] The method presented in this paper can handle channel aging of CJTs. Rel-19 supports CJT calibration and can be used as an add-on to the CJT codebook to provide limited support for channel aging. However, its performance may be somewhat limited.

[0278] For multiple base stations (such as multiple transmit and receive points (mTRP)), there still appears to be intuitive channel variations. At FR3, given the same UE speed, the Doppler frequency may be much higher than at the frequency range (FR1) because the carrier frequency increases significantly.

[0279] In Rel-19, each base station used for a multi-base station deployment can utilize a codebook with separate pages for different spatial layers, such as codebook 900. Figure 9 For 6G, each base station used in a multi-base station deployment can utilize a codebook with separate pages for different frequency offsets, such as codebook 1000. Figure 10 ).

[0280] Channel aging in FR3 can be addressed using the method described in this paper. The Doppler frequency can be determined by... Given, where V UE It is the speed of the UE, F 载波频率 It is the carrier frequency used for transmission, and C 光速 It is the speed of light. Given the same UE speed, the Doppler frequency is much higher at FR3 than at FR1. For example, at a UE speed of 30 km / hr, the Doppler frequency is 55.6 Hz at a carrier frequency of 2 GHz, and 388.9 Hz at a carrier frequency of 14 GHz.

[0281] Due to the CSI feedback at FR3, CSI feedback becomes obsolete much faster. Predictive CSI is more useful at FR3 than at FR1. Predictive CSI can be used in single-base station (such as TRP) MIMO codebooks at FR3.

[0282] Narrow Tx beams can be used at FR3. To reuse the same FR1 cell site, a large number of Tx ports can be used at FR3 to generate the same link budget as FR1. Due to the use of narrow Tx beams, link quality may tend to become less robust. Therefore, multiple TRP transmissions can be a useful diversity scheme.

[0283] Because the UE's speed may differ relative to TRP-1 / 2 / 3, and the propagation distance may also differ relative to TRP-1 / 2 / 3, predictive CSI for mTRP can also be supported at FR3.

[0284] Figure 19An example system deployment 1900 according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. Deployment 1900 illustrates an example of multi-base station service for a high-speed mobile UE. The system deployment enables predictive CSI.

[0285] Arrangement 1900 may include multiple base stations. In an illustrated embodiment, the arrangement includes a first base station 1902, a second base station 1904, a third base station 1906, a fourth base station 1908, a fifth base station 1910, and a sixth base station 1912. Arrangement 1900 includes a central scheduler 1914. Each of these base stations may be connected to the central scheduler 1914, and the central scheduler 1914 may perform scheduling on each of these base stations.

[0286] Deployment 1900 includes UE 1916. In some cases, UE 1916 can travel at high speed. In the illustrated implementation, UE 1916 can establish connections with a first base station 1902, a second base station 1904, and a third base station 1906. The central scheduler 1914, the first base station 1902, the second base station 1904, and / or the third base station 1906 can implement predictive CSI when communicating with UE 1916.

[0287] Subdivision can be implemented for FR3. In the first option, subdivision can be configured by the network (NW) such as via a base station. Spherical wave propagation and spatial nonstationarity may be potential problems for FR3. The CJT codebook can be configured by the NW. The CJT design supports different directions of arrival (DoA) / zenith angle (DoZ) by default.

[0288] Selectable via TRP / panel, as follows Figure 20 and Figure 22 Three panels can be selected as described above. A TRP selection mechanism is supported. As used herein, a “panel” can consist of multiple rows / columns of a base station antenna array (e.g., for a uniform array). However, considering that the departure angles of those selected panels may be the same, some overhead can be saved to have a common spatial beam selection for at least one set of panels (e.g., the first panel and the second panel). From a specification perspective, panel selection can be supported by a CSI-RS resource selection bitmap, such as [1 0 1 1].

[0289] If the obstruction is dynamic (e.g., the obstruction situation may change due to changes in the environment even if the UE does not move), then a dynamic selection / indication can be indicated for the current obstruction situation, and then a dynamically derived codebook can be used effectively. Note that this may not be UE-friendly.

[0290] Figure 20An example of panel selection arrangement 2000 according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. For example, arrangement 2000 illustrates an example of a panel for an antenna array of a selectable base station according to some implementation schemes.

[0291] Arrangement 2000 may include an antenna array configured with one or more panels. Each of these panels may include one or more antenna elements of the antenna array. In an illustrated embodiment, arrangement 2000 includes a first panel 2002, a second panel 2004, a third panel 2006, and a fourth panel 2008. The third panel 2006 may be blocked, as indicated by diagonal padding. The first panel 2002, the second panel 2004, and the fourth panel 2008 may be selected, as indicated by no padding. Panel subdivision and / or panel selection may be performed by the NW, wherein the base station may indicate the subdivision and / or selection to the UE.

[0292] Figure 21 Another panel selection arrangement 2100 is illustrated according to some embodiments. For example, arrangement 2100 illustrates an example of a panel for an antenna array of a selectable base station according to some embodiments. Furthermore, arrangement 2100 may illustrate obstruction of communication with a portion of the antenna elements in the antenna array.

[0293] Arrangement 2100 may include an antenna array configured with one or more panels. Each of these panels may include one or more antenna elements of the antenna array. In an illustrated embodiment, arrangement 2100 includes a first panel 2102, a second panel 2104, a third panel 2106, and a fourth panel 2108. Arrangement 2100 may include indication 2110 of blocked antenna elements that are blocked for communication with the UE. When a panel is selected, blocked antenna elements as shown in indication 2110 may be considered.

[0294] Figure 22 Example panel selection arrangement 2200 is illustrated according to some implementation schemes. For example, arrangement 2200 illustrates an example panel of an antenna array of a selectable base station according to some implementation schemes.

[0295] Arrangement 2200 may include an antenna array configured with one or more panels. Each of these panels may include one or more antenna elements of the antenna array. In an illustrated embodiment, arrangement 2200 includes a first panel 2202, a second panel 2204, a third panel 2206, and a fourth panel 2208. The third panel 2206 may be blocked, as indicated by diagonal padding. The first panel 2202, the second panel 2204, and the fourth panel 2208 may be selected, as indicated by no padding. Panel subdivision and / or panel selection may be performed by the NW, wherein the base station may indicate the subdivision and / or selection to the UE.

[0296] At FR3, with an antenna array size comparable to that at FR1, the angle of arrival may differ for the UE within the Rayleigh distance. If the DoA originates from four sub-panels ( Figure 23 If the points in the panel index overlap, they can be different, but related in some way, such as in their movement in local neighbors, and / or the non-zero coefficients from the two panels can be related, for example, having similar magnitudes.

[0297] exist Figure 24A The diagram shows two rays (one a direct path, the other a reflection). The base station antenna array consists of 8×4 antenna elements. Furthermore, the array is subdivided into four panels, each containing 2×4 antenna elements.

[0298] Figure 23 An example antenna element arrangement 2300 according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. Arrangement 2300 can illustrate signal arrival at an antenna array comprising multiple elements.

[0299] Arrangement 2300 may include a spatial beam representation 2302 for panel representation. The antenna array 2404 represented by this representation may be divided into four sections, arranged in a 2×4 configuration. Signals 2422, 2420, 2418, and 2416 arriving at panels 2406, 2408, 2410, and 2412 may be represented by a first set of numbered circles 2304, and signals 2432, 2430, 2428, and 2426 arriving at panels 2406, 2408, 2410, and 2412 may be represented by a second set of numbered circles 2306. Signals may have different angles of arrival at the panels. This diagram illustrates when wave propagation toward the panels can take different directions, but these are relevant.

[0300] Figure 24A An example system arrangement 2400 according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. System arrangement 2400 illustrates example signal propagation from the UE to the subdivided antenna array according to some implementation schemes.

[0301] Arrangement 2400 includes UE 2402. Furthermore, the arrangement includes an antenna array 2404 for a base station. Antenna array 2404 can be subdivided into a first panel 2406, a second panel 2408, a third panel 2410, and a fourth panel 2412, wherein each of these panels includes a 2×4 antenna element arrangement.

[0302] UE 2402 can transmit signals to antenna array 2404. Arrangement 2400 includes building 2414. UE 2402 can transmit signals to building 2414, and these signals can be reflected back to antenna array 2404. Therefore, signals can be transmitted directly from UE 2402 to antenna array 2404 and / or reflected from building 2414 to antenna array 2404.

[0303] Arrangement 2400 includes a first signal ray 2416, a second signal ray 2418, a third signal ray 2420, a fourth signal ray 2422, a fifth signal ray 2424, a sixth signal ray 2426, a seventh signal ray 2428, an eighth signal ray 2430, and a ninth signal ray 2432, illustrating an example of how signals travel from UE 2402 to the panels of antenna array 2404. In the illustrated embodiment, the first signal ray 2416 propagates directly to the fourth panel 2412, the second signal ray 2418 propagates directly to the third panel 2410, the third signal ray 2420 propagates directly to the second panel 2408, and the fourth signal ray 2422 propagates directly to the first panel 2406. The fifth signal ray 2424 propagates toward and reflects from the building 2414 to generate the sixth signal ray 2426, the seventh signal ray 2428, the eighth signal ray 2430, and the ninth signal ray 2432. In the illustrated embodiment, the sixth signal ray 2426 propagates to the fourth panel 2412, the seventh signal ray 2428 propagates to the third panel 2410, the eighth signal ray 2430 propagates to the second panel 2408, and the ninth signal ray 2432 propagates to the first panel 2406.

[0304] The assumptions made about the antenna array may not be entirely realistic. For example, in the vertical direction, the actual antenna array size may be narrower than assumed in the example. A base station could be assumed to have 128 ports arranged in an 8×8 configuration (two polarizations per location).

[0305] Figure 25 An example antenna array arrangement 2500 according to some embodiments is illustrated. For example, arrangement 2500 illustrates an example of antenna elements in an antenna array according to some embodiments.

[0306] Arrangement 2500 may include 128 ports, each of which is represented by a line in the "x" of arrangement 2500. Antenna elements may be arranged in an 8×8 configuration, where each x has two polarizations. Each x may represent an antenna element.

[0307] Figure 26 An example system arrangement 2600 according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. System arrangement 2600 illustrates an example of UE location arrangement relative to a base station.

[0308] Arrangement 2600 includes base station 2602. Base station 2602 may include an antenna array for communicating with the UE. In the illustrated embodiment, base station 2602 has a height of 25 meters (m).

[0309] In the illustrated implementation, network arrangement 2600 includes a first UE 2604 and a second UE 2606. The first UE (UE-1) 2604 is within Rayleigh distance in the near-field region. For example, in the illustrated implementation, the first UE 2604 is 25m away from the base station, which is within Rayleigh distance. The second UE (UE-2) 2606 is outside Rayleigh distance in the far-field region. For example, in the illustrated implementation, the second UE 2606 is 125m away from the base station, which is outside Rayleigh distance.

[0310] The departure angle can be specific to the antenna element. Figure 27 In response to the first UE 2604 and in Figure 28 Example pairs of each antenna element (away from azimuth and away from zenith) are shown for the second UE 2606.

[0311] Figure 27 Examples are given based on some implementation schemes. Figure 26 The example departure angle of the first UE 2604 in the arrangement 2600 is represented by 2700. Figure 28 Examples are given based on some implementation schemes. Figure 26 The example departure angle of the second UE 2606 in the arrangement 2600 is represented by 2800.

[0312] The x in 2700 and 2800 represents base station 2602. Figure 26 The antenna elements are denoted as (azimuth, zenith). Each antenna element is illustrated as having a corresponding azimuth and zenith angle pair. This pair is shown as (azimuth, zenith).

[0313] It can be seen that, compared to the first UE 2604, the change in the departure angle between the antenna elements of the second UE 2606 is more gradual (less than 0.4 degrees in either direction). From representations 2700 and 2800, it can be seen that, compared to the change in the departure azimuth angle of the second UE 2606, the departure azimuth angle of the first UE 2604 changes at a greater rate between the antenna elements. To achieve the same level of gradual change between the antenna elements, limitations on the sub-panels may become necessary. For service purposes, it may be desirable for the departure angles of the UEs to be within the same range. To make the departure angles of the first UE 2604 and the second UE 2606 within the same range, the antenna array can be subdivided for the first UE 2604 into a first partition 2702. The range of the departure azimuth angle of the first partition 2702 can be similar to the range of the azimuth angle of the antenna array represented by 2800.

[0314] This can solve the problem of how to subdivide the antenna array. Typically, it is expected that there are more antenna elements in the vertical domain than in the horizontal domain. For example... Figure 30 As shown, in many cases, dividing by 2 may be sufficient to adequately reduce the Rayleigh distance.

[0315] In this context, the CJT codebook can be a convenient tool. It is also expected that the delay distributions of the two TRPs (two panels) will be quite similar, and these will be utilized in the implementation scheme provided above (common delay tap selection).

[0316] The higher the carrier frequency at FR3, the higher the Doppler frequency. It can now be seen that the CJT codebook can be a tool for handling near-field propagation. This may not necessarily mean that the antenna array is distributed as in a conventional setup. The Rayleigh distance can be determined by... Confirmed. When properly subdivided, the Rayleigh distance for each antenna panel can be effectively reduced.

[0317] Figure 29 An example antenna array arrangement 2900 according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. Arrangement 2900 illustrates an example subdivision of an antenna array that may be ineffective.

[0318] Arrangement 2900 includes antenna array 2902. In an illustrated embodiment, antenna array 2902 may include a 4×8 arrangement of antenna elements. In an illustrated embodiment, antenna array 2902 is subdivided into a first partition 2904 and a second partition 2906, wherein each of these two partitions has a 2×8 arrangement of antenna elements. In this embodiment, subdividing into first partition 2904 and second partition 2906 may not effectively reduce the Rayleigh distance.

[0319] Figure 30An example antenna array arrangement 3000 is illustrated according to some implementation schemes. Arrangement 3000 illustrates an example subdivision of a potentially effective antenna array.

[0320] Arrangement 3000 includes antenna array 3002. In an illustrated embodiment, antenna array 3002 may include a 4×8 arrangement of antenna elements. In an illustrated embodiment, antenna array 3002 is subdivided into a first partition 3004 and a second partition 3006, wherein each of the two partitions has a 4×4 arrangement of antenna elements. In this embodiment, subdividing into first partition 3004 and second partition 3006 can effectively reduce the Rayleigh distance. Based on the subdivision, first partition 3004 can be considered as a first TRP, and second partition 3006 can be considered as a second TRP.

[0321] For the methodology, one or more CJT codebooks can be used. These methods can be used for 6G. Due to the subdivision of a single TRP to handle near-field propagation, multiple panels may exist. Multiple TRPs can be in a distributed MIMO. The correlation between panels can be utilized to reduce CSI feedback overhead, which can be an enhancement of the Rel-18 CJT codebook. Predictive CSI can be provided specifically for FR3. This can be a combined approach using both multiple TRP / multiple (virtual) panels and Doppler domains.

[0322] Figure 31 An example codebook 3100 according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. For example, the codebook may be implemented by partitioning a subdivided antenna array of a base station.

[0323] Codebook 3100 includes a first codebook 3102. The first codebook 3102 can be utilized by a first partition of a subdivided antenna array of a base station, wherein the first partition includes a first portion of antenna elements in the antenna array.

[0324] Codebook 3100 includes a second codebook 3104. The second codebook 3104 can be utilized by a second partition of a subdivided antenna array of a base station, wherein the second partition includes a second portion of antenna elements among the antenna elements within the antenna array. The second codebook 3104 may be the same as or different from the first codebook 3102.

[0325] The codebook structure can be a 6G CJT predictive codebook. The codebook structure can be defined as follows: The codebook structure can be used to subdivide each partition within an antenna array, allowing the subdivided antenna array to utilize the codebook structure. For example, both the first codebook 3102 and the second codebook 3104 can implement the codebook structure. Spatial beam selection can be understood if multiple TRPs or virtual panels are obtained from subdividing a base station antenna array at a single cell site. Delayed tap selection or FD component selection Or Doppler domain-based selection For a set of virtual panels, for example, all virtual panels can be the same.

[0326] It can handle spatial non-stationarity. The partitions of the base station antenna array can be represented by partition indices or partition index pairs, such as (Px, Py) (Px is the partition index in the horizontal direction, and Py is the partition index in the vertical direction).

[0327] Figure 32 Example partition pair representation 3200 is illustrated according to some implementation schemes. For example, representation 3200 illustrates example partition pair index information and antenna array arrangement for implementing partition pairs.

[0328] Table 3202, representing partition pair index relationships, is included in representation 3200. Table 3202 includes partition pair index values ​​3204 and partition pairs 3206. Each partition pair index value in partition pair index value 3204 has a corresponding partition pair within partition pair 3206. Therefore, systems (such as base stations and / or UEs) can utilize partition pair index values ​​3204 to indicate partition pairs. The partition pair index can be specified by the NW or reported by the UE.

[0329] The designation 3200 includes a first antenna array 3208. The first antenna array 3208 can be subdivided according to partition pairs. For example, the first antenna array 3208 can be subdivided according to partition pairs of (4,1). The first value of the partition pair (in this case, 4) indicates how many subdivisions will exist in a first direction (in this case, the x-direction). The second value of the partition pair (in this case, 1) indicates how many subdivisions will exist in a second direction (in this case, the y-direction). According to the partition pairs, the first antenna array 3208 is divided into a first partition 3210, a second partition 3212, a third partition 3214, and a fourth partition 3216, where each partition has an arrangement of 1×4 antenna elements.

[0330] The designation 3200 includes a second antenna array 3218. The second antenna array 3218 can be subdivided according to partition pairs. For example, the second antenna array 3218 can be subdivided according to partition pairs of (1,4). The first value of the partition pair (in this case, 1) indicates how many subdivisions will exist in a first direction (in this case, the x-direction). The second value of the partition pair (in this case, 4) indicates how many subdivisions will exist in a second direction (in this case, the y-direction). Based on the partition pairs, the second antenna array 3218 is divided into a first partition 3220, a second partition 3222, a third partition 3224, and a fourth partition 3226, where each partition has an arrangement of 4×1 antenna elements.

[0331] Other partition pair options, such as (2,2), (1,2), or (2,1), may also be considered. Permissible partition indexes can be specified, configured, or reported by the UE. If more than one partition index is available at the UE (e.g., two or more partition pairs configured via the NW), the UE can report the indexes of the partition pairs to the NW in CSI feedback. The NW can configure a mapping table (such as Table 3202), and the UE can select partition pair indexes as shown below. Note that if spatial nonstationarity is not a critical issue, the optimal partitions are known in advance at the NW, therefore UE selection is not necessary.

[0332] The handling of far-field and near-field propagation can be addressed using the method presented in this paper. If (1,1) is configured with another partition pair that is not (1,1), the CSI feedback configuration can be valid for both near-field and far-field conditions. For a UE located around the Rayleigh distance toward the base station, it lies in a gray area where there may not be such a clear boundary as to whether a far-field codebook (with (1,1), i.e., no partition) or a near-field codebook (e.g., (2,2)) should be used.

[0333] Solutions to this problem may include a first alternative and a second alternative. In the first alternative, the UE can select between partitioned and non-partitioned areas by choosing a (1,1) and non-(1,1) partition pair. In the second alternative, the NW can signal the handover between partitioned and non-partitioned areas. For example, partition selection may include (2,1), (1,2), and (2,2).

[0334] As mentioned in this article, subdivision can be a powerful tool for dealing with near-field effects: by subdivision, the propagation conditions for each antenna panel can have more familiar far-field wave propagation conditions.

[0335] Coherent joint transmission codebooks can be a convenient tool for handling near-field effects, including spherical wave propagation and spatial nonstationarity. The UE's selection of partition pairs can be achieved using the method presented in this paper.

[0336] By subdividing the selection (partition-to-index), a unified approach can be used to handle far-field and near-field propagation. Furthermore, due to the higher Doppler frequencies, Doppler-domain CSI or predictive CSI can be achieved using the method presented in this paper. For FR3 channel modeling, a far-field approximation can be utilized at the antenna panel level.

[0337] A second approach to segmenting FR3 can be UE-reported. Spherical wave propagation and spatial nonstationarity may be potential issues for FR3. A single TRP codebook can be configured by the NW. Blocking patterns can be indicated by the UE.

[0338] If the obstruction is dynamic (e.g., the obstruction situation may change even if the UE does not move due to changes in the environment), then a dynamic selection / indication can be provided for the current obstruction situation. A dynamically derived codebook can then be used effectively. This may not be UE-friendly.

[0339] Figure 33 An example antenna arrangement 3300 illustrating a blocking pattern according to some embodiments is shown. For example, arrangement 3300 illustrates an example blocking pattern that may occur and / or be reported.

[0340] Arrangement 3300 includes a first antenna array representation 3302. The first antenna array representation 3302 may represent the antenna array at a first time. The antenna array may be subdivided into a first partition 3304, a second partition 3306, a third partition 3308, and a fourth partition 3310.

[0341] At the first moment, the antenna array may have an obstruction pattern 3312. The obstruction pattern 3312 can indicate an antenna element in the antenna array that is blocked from communicating with the UE. Therefore, there may be an obstruction between the UE and the first antenna array.

[0342] Arrangement 3300 includes a second antenna array representation 3314. The second antenna array representation 3314 can represent the antenna array at a second time. The antenna array can be subdivided into a first partition 3316, a second partition 3318, a third partition 3320, and a fourth partition 3322.

[0343] At a second time, the antenna array may have an obstruction pattern 3324. Due to movement or obstruction by the UE, the obstruction pattern 3324 at the second time may differ from the obstruction pattern 3312 at the first time. The obstruction pattern 3324 may indicate an antenna element in the antenna array that is obstructed from communicating with the UE. Therefore, an obstruction may exist between the UE and the antenna array.

[0344] The spatial basis for modifying the blocking pattern (based on the Rel-16 design) can be achieved through the method described in this paper. Figure 34 Example representation 3400 related to a blocking pattern according to some implementation schemes is shown.

[0345] The representation 3400 includes a codebook structure 3402 that can be implemented using the methods described herein. The codebook structure 3402 can be designed based on a Rel-16 codebook structure. For the codebook structure 3402, l can be a spatial layer index, and L can be the number of spatial bases for each polarization, {v0,…,v...} L-1} can be the spatial basis (taken from DFT), N3 can be the number of sub-bands, and M can be the number of selected frequency domain bases. It can be a frequency domain basis (taken from DFT), N4 can be the number of predicted instances, and Q can be the number of selected Doppler bases. It can be based on the Doppler domain.

[0346] Reporting of a blocking pattern may include a bitmap, a bitmap with antenna groups, and / or a combined index. Representation 3400 includes a blocking pattern 3404. The blocking pattern 3404 may be reported via a bitmap, a bitmap with antenna groups, and / or a combined index. The blocking pattern 3404 may be incorporated into a codebook structure, such as by using the blocking pattern 3404 as part of a spatial basis.

[0347] The spatial basis for modifying the blocking pattern (based on the Rel-18 design) can be achieved through the method described in this paper. Figure 35 Example representation 3500 related to a blocking pattern according to some implementation schemes is shown.

[0348] The representation 3500 includes a codebook structure 3502 that can be implemented using the methods described herein. The codebook structure 3502 can be designed based on a Rel-18 codebook structure. For the codebook structure 3502, l can be a spatial layer index, and L can be the number of spatial bases for each polarization, {v0,…,v...} L-1} can be the spatial basis (taken from DFT), N3 can be the number of sub-bands, and M can be the number of selected frequency domain bases. It can be a frequency domain basis (taken from DFT), N4 can be the number of predicted instances, and Q can be the number of selected Doppler bases. It can be based on the Doppler domain.

[0349] Reporting of a blocking pattern may include a bitmap, a bitmap with antenna groups, and / or a combined index. Representation 3500 includes a blocking pattern 3504. The blocking pattern 3504 may be reported via a bitmap, a bitmap with antenna groups, and / or a combined index. The blocking pattern 3504 may be incorporated into a codebook structure, such as by using the blocking pattern 3504 as part of a spatial basis.

[0350] The method described herein can utilize blocking patterns. Blocking patterns can be constructed on a subdivision method, whereby blocking patterns can be introduced into a (virtual) antenna panel. For example, blocking patterns can be used in conjunction with the subdivision of an antenna array to select antenna elements for communication with the UE.

[0351] Instead of a single blocking pattern used for feedback across the entire base station antenna array, multiple blocking patterns can be used for feedback across multiple (virtual) antenna panels.

[0352] exist Figure 36 In the middle, the four blocking patterns can be fed back to the NW. Figure 36An example antenna array arrangement 3600 with a blocking pattern is illustrated according to some implementation schemes.

[0353] Arrangement 3600 includes antenna array 3602. Antenna array 3602 may be subdivided into multiple partitions. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, antenna array 3602 is divided into a first partition 3604, a second partition 3606, a third partition 3608, and a fourth partition 3610.

[0354] Arrangement 3600 includes a blocking pattern 3612. The blocking pattern 3612 indicates antenna elements in antenna array 3602 that are blocked for communication with the UE. Since antenna array 3602 is divided into multiple partitions, a blocking pattern can be reported for each of these partitions. Each blocking pattern reported for a partition indicates the portion of blocking pattern 3612 within that partition.

[0355] The method described herein can handle spatial nonstationarity, such as the ability to feed back obstruction patterns via the UE to indicate obstructed antenna elements at the base station, and / or to feed back multiple obstruction patterns for multiple (virtual) antenna panels.

[0356] Figure 37 Example process 3700 for configuring antenna elements of an antenna array according to some embodiments is illustrated. The antenna elements can be configured according to corresponding partitions. Process 3700 can be performed by a base station (such as base station 108). Figure 1 ) and / or network equipment 300 ( Figure 3 ))implement.

[0357] Process 3700 may include: in 3702 determining a partition of the base station's antenna array to be used for transmitting signals to the UE. The antenna array may be subdivided into multiple partitions that include the partition.

[0358] In some implementations, process 3700 may further include: determining that the UE is within a distance of the base station. The partition may be determined at least in part based on determining that the UE is within a distance of the base station.

[0359] In some implementations, process 3700 may further include: identifying an indication of a partition selection received from the UE. The partition selection may be based at least in part on the indication of the partition selection. The indication of the partition selection may include a partition pair index corresponding to a partition pair.

[0360] In some embodiments, process 3700 may further include: identifying an indication of one or more blocking patterns received from the UE. Determining the partition to be used to transmit signals to the UE may be based at least in part on the indication of the one or more blocking patterns. In some of these embodiments, the indication of the one or more blocking patterns includes a bitmap, a bitmap with antenna groups, or a combined index indicating a portion of the antenna array blocked by the UE.

[0361] Process 3700 may include configuring, in 3704, antenna elements of the antenna array corresponding to the partition used to transmit signals to the UE. In some embodiments, configuring the antenna elements includes configuring the antenna elements using a coherent joint transmission (CJT) codebook corresponding to the partition.

[0362] In the implementation plan, Figure 37 Any one or more operations in the process may be performed in a different order than those shown, and / or one or more operations in the process may be performed concurrently. Furthermore, it should be understood that in other embodiments, one or more of these operations may be omitted, and / or one or more additional operations may be added to process 3700.

[0363] Figure 38 An example process 3800 for reporting the arrangement of one or more partitions is illustrated according to some implementation schemes. Process 3800 can be provided by a UE (such as UE 104). Figure 1 ), UE 106 Figure 1 ) and / or UE 200 ( Figure 2 ))implement.

[0364] Process 3800 may include: in 3802 determining one or more partition arrangements of the antenna array of the base station. The one or more partition arrangements may be used to communicate with user equipment (UE).

[0365] Process 3800 may include: generating a report in 3804 for transmission to the base station. The report may indicate the arrangement of the one or more partitions. In some embodiments, the report may include a partition pair index indicating the arrangement of the one or more partitions. In some of these embodiments, the report may be transmitted in channel state information (CSI) feedback.

[0366] In some embodiments, determining the one or more partition arrangements may include determining whether a partitioned or non-partitioned arrangement within the one or more partition arrangements will be used to communicate with the UE. The partition pair index may indicate the determined partitioned or non-partitioned arrangement. In some of these embodiments, process 3800 may further include determining the distance between the UE and the base station, wherein whether the partitioned or non-partitioned arrangement will be used to communicate with the UE may be determined at least in part based on the distance.

[0367] In some embodiments, process 3800 may include: determining a blocking pattern of blocked antenna elements of the antenna array; and generating feedback for transmission to the base station. The feedback may include an indication of the blocking pattern. In some of these embodiments, the feedback may include indications of a plurality of blocking patterns, each of which corresponds to a different partition of the antenna array.

[0368] In the implementation plan, Figure 38 Any one or more operations in the process may be performed in a different order than those shown, and / or one or more operations in the process may be performed concurrently. Furthermore, it should be understood that in other embodiments, one or more of these operations may be omitted, and / or one or more additional operations may be added to process 3800.

[0369] Figure 39 An example process 3900 for reporting obstruction patterns is illustrated according to some embodiments. Process 3900 can be provided by a UE (such as UE 104). Figure 1 ), UE 106 Figure 1 ) and / or UE 200 ( Figure 2 ))implement.

[0370] Process 3900 may include: in 3902 determining a blocking pattern of blocked antenna elements of the base station's antenna array. The blocked antenna elements may be blocked for communication with user equipment (UE).

[0371] Process 3900 may include: generating, in 3904, a report including an indication of the blocking pattern for transmission to the base station.

[0372] In some embodiments, the antenna array may include one or more partitions. Process 3900 may further include: determining one or more blocking patterns corresponding to the one or more partitions, the one or more blocking patterns including the determined blocking pattern. The report may include one or more indications of the one or more blocking patterns.

[0373] In some embodiments, process 3900 may include: determining one or more partition arrangements of the antenna array for communication between the base station and the UE; and generating an indication of the one or more partition arrangements for transmission to the base station. In some embodiments of these embodiments, the indication of the one or more partition arrangements may include one or more partition pair indices indicating the one or more partition arrangements. In some embodiments of these embodiments, the indication of the one or more partition arrangements may be transmitted in Channel State Information (CSI) feedback. In some embodiments of these embodiments, process 3900 may further include: determining the distance between the UE and the base station, wherein the one or more partition arrangements are determined at least in part based on the distance.

[0374] In the implementation plan, Figure 39 Any one or more operations in the process may be performed in a different order than those shown, and / or one or more operations in the process may be performed concurrently. Furthermore, it should be understood that in other embodiments, one or more of these operations may be omitted, and / or one or more additional operations may be added to process 3900.

[0375] As is widely recognized, the use of personally identifiable information should comply with privacy policies and practices that are generally accepted to meet or exceed industry or governmental requirements for protecting user privacy. Specifically, personally identifiable information data should be managed and processed to minimize the risk of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly explained to users.

[0376] For one or more embodiments, at least one component of the components shown in one or more of the foregoing figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, or methods described in the Embodiments section below. For example, the baseband circuitry described above in conjunction with one or more of the foregoing figures may be configured to operate according to one or more examples below. Similarly, circuitry associated with the UE, base station, network element, etc., described above in conjunction with one or more of the foregoing figures may be configured to operate according to one or more embodiments described in the Embodiments section below.

[0377] Unless otherwise expressly stated, any of the above embodiments may be combined with any other embodiment (or combination of embodiments). The foregoing description of one or more specific embodiments provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. In view of the teachings above, modifications and variations are possible, or modifications and variations may be obtained from the practice of various embodiments.

[0378] Although the above embodiments have been described in considerable detail, many variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully understood. It is intended that the following claims be construed as encompassing all such variations and modifications.

[0379] Embodiments

[0380] Further exemplary implementations are provided in the following sections.

[0381] Example 1 may include a method comprising: determining a partition of an antenna array of a base station to be used for transmitting signals to a user equipment (UE), the antenna array being subdivided into a plurality of partitions including the partitions; and configuring antenna elements of the antenna array corresponding to the partitions for transmitting signals to the UE.

[0382] Example 2 may include the method according to Example 1, the method further comprising: determining that the UE is within a distance of the base station, the partitioning being determined at least in part based on the determination that the UE is within a distance of the base station.

[0383] Example 3 may include the method according to Example 1, the method further comprising: identifying an indication of partition selection received from the UE, wherein the determination of the partition is based at least in part on the indication of partition selection.

[0384] Example 4 may include the method according to Example 3, wherein the indication for selecting the partition includes a partition pair index corresponding to the partition pair.

[0385] Example 5 may include the method according to Example 1, wherein configuring the antenna element includes configuring the antenna element using a coherent joint transmission (CJT) codebook corresponding to the partition.

[0386] Example 6 may include the method according to Example 1, the method further comprising: identifying an indication received from the UE for one or more blocking patterns, wherein the determination of the partition to be used for transmitting a signal to the UE is based at least in part on the indication for the one or more blocking patterns.

[0387] Example 7 may include the method according to Example 6, wherein the indication of the one or more blocking patterns includes a bitmap, a bitmap with antenna groups, or a combined index, the bitmap, the bitmap with antenna groups, or the combined index indicating a portion of the antenna array blocked by the UE.

[0388] Example 8 may include a method comprising: determining one or more partition arrangements of an antenna array of a base station, wherein the one or more partition arrangements are available for communicating with user equipment (UE); and generating a report for transmission to the base station, the report indicating the one or more partition arrangements.

[0389] Example 9 may include the method according to Example 8, wherein the report includes a partition pair index indicating the arrangement of the one or more partitions.

[0390] Example 10 may include the method according to Example 9, wherein the report is sent in the Channel State Information (CSI) feedback.

[0391] Example 11 may include the method according to Example 9, wherein determining the one or more partition arrangements includes: determining whether a partitioned arrangement or a non-partitioned arrangement in the one or more partitioned arrangements will be used to communicate with the UE, and wherein the partition pair index indicates the determined partitioned arrangement or the determined non-partitioned arrangement.

[0392] Example 12 may include the method according to Example 11, the method further comprising: determining the distance between the UE and the base station, wherein whether the partitioned arrangement or the non-partitioned arrangement will be used to communicate with the UE is determined at least in part based on the distance.

[0393] Example 13 may include the method according to Example 8, the method further comprising: determining a blocking pattern of blocked antenna elements of the antenna array; and generating feedback for transmission to the base station, the feedback including an indication of the blocking pattern.

[0394] Example 14 may include the method according to Example 13, wherein the feedback includes indication of a plurality of blocking patterns, each of the plurality of blocking patterns corresponding to a different partition of the antenna array.

[0395] Example 15 may include a method comprising: determining a blocking pattern of blocked antenna elements of an antenna array of a base station, wherein the blocked antenna elements are blocked for communicating with user equipment (UE); and generating a report including an indication of the blocking pattern for transmission to the base station.

[0396] Example 16 may include the method according to Example 15, wherein the antenna array includes one or more partitions, wherein the method further includes: determining one or more blocking patterns corresponding to the one or more partitions, the one or more blocking patterns including the determined blocking patterns, wherein the report includes one or more indications of the one or more blocking patterns.

[0397] Example 17 may include the method according to Example 15, the method further comprising: determining one or more partition arrangements of the antenna array for communication between the base station and the UE; and generating an indication of the one or more partition arrangements for transmission to the base station.

[0398] Example 18 may include the method according to Example 17, wherein the indication of the arrangement of the one or more partitions includes one or more partition pair indexes indicating the arrangement of the one or more partitions.

[0399] Example 19 may include the method according to Example 17, wherein the indication of the arrangement of the one or more partitions is sent in the channel state information (CSI) feedback.

[0400] Example 20 may include the method according to Example 17, the method further comprising: determining the distance between the UE and the base station, wherein the arrangement of one or more partitions is determined at least in part based on the distance.

[0401] Example 21 may include an apparatus comprising: a component for performing one or more elements of a method described or associated with any of Examples 1 to 20 or any other method or process described herein.

[0402] Example 22 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media including instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform one or more elements of the methods described or associated with any of Examples 1 to 20 or any other methods or processes described herein.

[0403] Example 23 may include an apparatus comprising: a logic component, module, or circuit for performing one or more elements of the method described or associated with any of Examples 1 to 20 or any other method or process described herein.

[0404] Example 24 may include a method, technique, or process, or a part or component thereof, as described or associated with any of Examples 1 to 20.

[0405] Example 25 may include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable media including instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method, technique, or process, or a portion thereof, as described or associated with any of Examples 1 to 20.

[0406] Example 26 may include signals, or portions thereof, as described or associated with any of Examples 1 to 20.

[0407] Example 27 may include datagrams, information elements, packets, frames, segments, PDUs or messages, or parts or components thereof, as described or associated with any of Examples 1 to 20 or otherwise described in this disclosure.

[0408] Example 28 may include a data-encoded signal, or part or composition thereof, as described or associated with any of Examples 1 to 20 or otherwise described in this disclosure.

[0409] Example 29 may include signals, or portions thereof, encoded as datagrams, IEs, packets, frames, segments, PDUs, or messages as described or associated with any of Examples 1 to 20 or otherwise described in this disclosure.

[0410] Example 30 may include an electromagnetic signal carrying computer-readable instructions, wherein execution of the computer-readable instructions by one or more processors will cause the one or more processors to perform a method, technique, or process, or a portion thereof, as described or associated with any of Examples 1 to 20.

[0411] Example 31 may include a computer program comprising instructions, wherein execution of the program by a processing element will cause the processing element to perform a method, technique, or process, or a portion thereof, as described or associated with any of Examples 1 to 20.

[0412] Example 32 may include signals in a wireless network as shown and described herein.

[0413] Example 33 may include methods for communicating in a wireless network as shown and described herein.

[0414] Example 34 may include a system for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein.

[0415] Example 35 may include a device for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein.

[0416] Unless otherwise expressly stated, any of the above embodiments may be combined with any other embodiment (or combination of embodiments). The foregoing description of one or more specific embodiments provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. In view of the teachings above, modifications and variations are possible, or modifications and variations may be obtained from the practice of various embodiments.

[0417] Although the above embodiments have been described in considerable detail, many variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully understood. It is intended that the following claims be construed as encompassing all such variations and modifications.

Claims

1. A method, the method comprising: The antenna array of the base station is divided into partitions for transmitting signals to user equipment (UE), the antenna array being further subdivided into multiple partitions including the partitions; as well as Configure antenna elements of the antenna array corresponding to the partition used to transmit signals to the UE.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The partition is determined at least in part based on the determination that the UE is within the distance of the base station.

3. The method according to claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising: The identifier is a partition selection instruction received from the UE, wherein the determination of the partition is based at least in part on the partition selection instruction.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the indication for selecting the partition includes a partition pair index corresponding to the partition pair.

5. The method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein configuring the antenna element comprises: The antenna element is configured using a coherent joint transmission (CJT) codebook corresponding to the partition.

6. The method according to claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising: The identifier is an indication received from the UE of one or more blocking patterns, wherein the determination of the partition to be used to transmit signals to the UE is based at least in part on the indication of the one or more blocking patterns.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the indication of the one or more blocking patterns comprises a bitmap, a bitmap with antenna groups, or a combined index, the bitmap, the bitmap with antenna groups, or the combined index indicating a portion of the antenna array blocked by the UE.

8. One or more computer-readable media, said one or more computer-readable media having instructions that, when executed, cause processing circuitry to perform the following operations: Determine one or more partition arrangements of the antenna array of a base station, wherein the one or more partition arrangements are available for communication with user equipment (UE); and A report is generated for transmission to the base station, the report indicating the one or more partition arrangements.

9. One or more computer-readable media according to claim 8, wherein the report includes a partition pair index indicating the arrangement of the one or more partitions.

10. One or more computer-readable media according to claim 9, wherein the report is transmitted in channel state information (CSI) feedback.

11. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 9, wherein determining the one or more partition arrangements comprises: Determining whether a partitioned or non-partitioned arrangement in one or more partitioned arrangements will be used to communicate with the UE, wherein the partition pair index indicates the determined partitioned arrangement or the determined non-partitioned arrangement.

12. One or more computer-readable media according to claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the processing circuitry to perform the following operations: The distance between the UE and the base station is determined, wherein whether the partitioned or non-partitioned arrangement will be used to communicate with the UE is determined at least in part based on the distance.

13. One or more computer-readable media according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the processing circuitry to perform the following operations: Determine the blocking pattern of the blocked antenna elements of the antenna array; and A feedback is generated for transmission to the base station, the feedback including an indication of the blocking pattern.

14. One or more computer-readable media according to claim 13, wherein the feedback includes indication of a plurality of blocking patterns, each of the plurality of blocking patterns corresponding to a different partition of the antenna array.

15. An apparatus for: Determine the blocking pattern of blocked antenna elements in the antenna array of a base station, wherein the blocked antenna elements are blocked for communication with user equipment (UE); and A report including an indication of the blocking pattern is generated for transmission to the base station.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the antenna array comprises one or more partitions, wherein the apparatus is further configured to: One or more blocking patterns are determined corresponding to the one or more partitions, the one or more blocking patterns including the determined blocking patterns, wherein the report includes one or more indications of the one or more blocking patterns.

17. The apparatus according to claim 15 or claim 16, wherein the apparatus is further configured to: Determine one or more partitions of the antenna array for communication between the base station and the UE; and Generate an instruction for the arrangement of the one or more partitions to be sent to the base station.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the indication of the arrangement of the one or more partitions includes one or more partition pair indexes indicating the arrangement of the one or more partitions.

19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the indication of the arrangement of the one or more partitions is transmitted in the channel state information (CSI) feedback.

20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the apparatus is further configured to: The distance between the UE and the base station is determined, wherein the arrangement of the one or more partitions is determined at least in part based on the distance.

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