Supporting mechanism for deformation of surrounding rock of soft rock highway tunnel

Abstract

The invention discloses a soft rock highway tunnel surrounding rock deformation supporting mechanism which comprises a first vault, a first side wall, a second vault and a second side wall, a first adjusting mechanism is arranged in the first side wall, and a second adjusting mechanism is arranged in the second side wall; the first adjusting mechanism comprises a guide column, a lifting seat, a switching assembly, a movable seat, a positioning assembly, a connecting column, a spherical hinge seat and a driving device; through butt-joint type assembly, the mounting time of the supporting mechanism is greatly shortened, and potential safety hazards of construction are reduced; two-way adjustment of the whole vault is achieved through the first adjusting mechanism and the second adjusting mechanism, height compensation is conducted on the vault so as to adapt to sinking or cavity of the soft rock vault, the spherical hinge base adapts to tiny angle deviation generated by deformation of the vault, and stress concentration caused by rigid connection is avoided; the working state of the positioning assembly is controlled through the switching assembly, flexible adjustment and stable supporting are achieved, and the problem that a traditional fixed support cannot cope with dynamic deformation of soft rock is solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a soft rock highway tunnel surrounding rock deformation supporting mechanism. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid advancement of infrastructure construction in China, the coverage of highway tunnel engineering in complex geological areas continues to expand, and tunnel construction under soft rock geological conditions has always been a core challenge in the industry. Soft rock has the characteristics of low strength, large plastic deformation and significant long-term rheological properties. After tunnel excavation, the surrounding rock is prone to continuous deformation due to stress release. If the support is not timely or the support structure is not suitable, it is easy to cause arch crown subsidence and even collapse accidents, which poses a serious threat to construction safety and long-term structural stability of the tunnel, so high requirements are put forward for the flexibility, adjustability and construction convenience of the supporting mechanism.

[0003] The current traditional soft rock tunnel supporting mechanism has obvious technical limitations and is difficult to adapt to the dynamic deformation requirements of soft rock geology. On the one hand, the traditional supporting mechanism mostly uses integral steel structure or prefabricated concrete structure, and the connection of core support parts such as arch crown and side wall relies on on-site welding operation. The welding process is complicated and time-consuming, which seriously reduces the construction efficiency, and in the narrow tunnel operation space, welding operation also has safety hazards. On the other hand, the supporting mechanism formed by welding is a fixed integrated structure, and lacks support components that can be actively adjusted. When the soft rock undergoes vertical deformation, such as arch crown subsidence or top cavity, the traditional fixed supporting mechanism cannot adapt to the deformation trend by adjusting its height or support position, and can only passively bear the pressure of the surrounding rock. Long-term use may cause local stress concentration and cracking of the supporting structure, eventually losing the supporting effect, and the applicability is poor.

[0004] Therefore, the industry urgently needs a soft rock tunnel surrounding rock deformation supporting mechanism that does not rely on on-site welding, can be flexibly assembled, and has dynamic adjustment capability, to solve the core problems of low construction efficiency and inability to adapt to the dynamic deformation of soft rock of traditional supporting mechanisms, and to ensure the safety of soft rock tunnel construction and structural stability. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present application aims to provide a soft rock highway tunnel surrounding rock deformation supporting mechanism to solve the problems raised in the background art. To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: The soft rock highway tunnel surrounding rock deformation supporting mechanism comprises a first arch crown, a first side wall, a second arch crown and a second side wall, the bottom end of the first arch crown is connected with the top end of the first side wall, the top end of the first arch crown is connected with the top end of the second arch crown, the bottom end of the second arch crown is connected with the top end of the second side wall, the first adjusting mechanism is arranged in the first side wall, and the second adjusting mechanism is arranged in the second side wall. The first adjusting mechanism comprises guide posts, lifting seats, switching assemblies, movable seats, positioning assemblies, connecting posts, spherical hinge seats and driving devices, the two guide posts are vertically and oppositely arranged in the first side wall, a plurality of positioning blocks are arranged on the opposite sides of the two guide posts along the length direction of the guide posts, the lifting seats are slidably connected with the two guide posts, the switching assemblies are arranged on the lifting seats, the movable seats are arranged in the switching assemblies, the two positioning assemblies are arranged at the two ends of the movable seat and are slidably connected with the positioning blocks on the two guide posts, the driving devices are arranged in the first side wall and the working ends of the driving devices are connected with the lifting seats, the connecting posts are arranged on the movable seats, and the spherical hinge seats are arranged at the top ends of the connecting posts and are connected with the first vaults.

[0006] Optionally, the switching assembly comprises sliding seats, guide rods and adjusting lead screws, the sliding seats are arranged on the lifting seats, the guide rods are arranged in the sliding seats, and the adjusting lead screws are rotatably arranged in the sliding seats and are threadedly connected with the movable seats.

[0007] Optionally, the positioning assembly comprises positioning seats, positioning plates and positioning shafts, the positioning seats are arranged on the sliding seats, the positioning shafts are elastically arranged through the positioning seats, and the positioning plates are arranged at the outer sides of the positioning shafts and are slidably connected with the positioning blocks.

[0008] Optionally, the positioning plates are respectively provided with first inclined surfaces and second inclined surfaces on the sides close to the positioning blocks, the first inclined surfaces and the second inclined surfaces are arranged at the two ends of the positioning blocks away from each other and are oppositely arranged.

[0009] Optionally, a positioning portion is arranged on the positioning plate between the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface.

[0010] Optionally, a limiting plate is arranged at the end of the positioning shaft away from the positioning plate, a spring is sleeved on the positioning shaft, and the spring is abutted with the positioning plate and the positioning seat.

[0011] Optionally, the first side wall and the first vault are butted through a first butt joint structure, the first butt joint structure comprises a butt joint groove arranged at the top end of the first side wall and a butt joint table arranged at the bottom end of the first vault, and the butt joint table is matched with the butt joint groove.

[0012] Optionally, the butt joint groove is a trapezoidal groove, the butt joint table is a trapezoidal table, guide grooves are respectively arranged on the opposite two inclined surfaces of the butt joint groove, guide blocks are respectively arranged on the opposite two inclined surfaces of the butt joint table, and the two guide blocks are one-to-one corresponding and slidably connected with the two guide grooves.

[0013] Optionally, the first vault top end is provided with a second butt joint groove, the second vault top end is provided with a third butt joint table, the first vault top end is provided with a first plug hole corresponding to the second butt joint groove, the second vault top end is provided with a second plug hole corresponding to the third butt joint table, and the first plug hole and the second plug hole are plugged by a plug shaft.

[0014] Optionally, a plurality of locking grooves are equidistantly arranged on the circumferential side of the first plug hole and the second plug hole along the radial direction, the plurality of locking grooves are arranged through the plug hole along the axial direction, and the plug shaft is provided with a plurality of locking blocks on the circumferential side, the plurality of locking blocks correspond to and match the plurality of locking grooves.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the prior art are that, by adopting the above scheme, the first vault, the second vault and the first vault and the second vault are assembled in a butt joint mode, instead of the traditional on-site welding process, so that professional welders and post-welding detection are not needed, the installation time of the supporting mechanism is greatly shortened, and the construction safety hazards in the narrow tunnel are reduced; the first adjusting mechanism and the second adjusting mechanism can realize the bidirectional adjustment of the entire vault, the driving device drives the lifting seat to vertically slide along the guide column, the height of the vault is compensated, the soft rock vault sinking or cavity is adapted, the spherical hinge seat can adapt to the slight angle deviation of the vault due to deformation, and stress concentration caused by rigid connection is avoided; the switching assembly controls the movement of the movable seat, switches the working state of the positioning assembly, adjusts the cooperation state of the positioning plate and the guide column positioning block, ensures the stability of the position of the movable seat after adjustment, prevents the support from loosening, realizes flexible adjustment and stable support, and solves the problem that the traditional fixed support cannot cope with the dynamic deformation of soft rock. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the application; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the first adjusting mechanism structure of the application; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the switching assembly structure of the application; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the positioning assembly structure of the application; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the positioning assembly of the application; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the first butt joint structure of the application; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the guide groove and guide block structure of the first butt joint structure of the application; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the butt joint structure of the first vault and the second vault of the application; Explanation of reference signs: 1, first vault; 2, first side wall; 3, second vault; 4, second side wall; 5, first adjusting mechanism; 6, first butt joint structure; 51, guide column; 52, lifting seat; 53, switching assembly; 54, movable seat; 55, positioning assembly; 56, connecting column; 57, spherical hinge seat; 58, driving device; 59, positioning block; 531, sliding seat; 532, guide rod; 533, adjusting screw; 551, positioning seat; 552, positioning plate; 553, positioning shaft; 554, first inclined surface; 555, second inclined surface; 556, positioning part; 557, limiting plate; 558, spring; 21, slot; 61, butt joint groove; 62, butt joint table; 63, guide groove; 64, guide block; 11, second butt joint groove; 31, third butt joint table; 32, second plug-in hole; 12, first plug-in hole; 13, plug-in shaft; 14, locking groove; 15, locking block; 20, anchor rod hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present application, the present application will be described in more detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments; the preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings; however, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described in the specification; on the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present application more thorough and comprehensive.

[0018] It should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "arrangement", "installation", "connection", "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the communication inside two elements; for those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above-mentioned terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances; in the embodiments shown in the drawings, the directions such as up, down, left, right, front and back are used to explain the structure and movement of various elements, which are not absolute but relative. When the position of these elements is changed, the direction of the indication is also changed accordingly.

[0019] At the same time, it should be noted that the terms "first", "second" and the like in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and do not necessarily describe a specific order or sequence; it should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the present disclosure have the same meanings as those commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in the description of the application herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

[0021] As shown in Figures 1-2 An embodiment of the present application is a soft rock highway tunnel surrounding rock deformation support mechanism, comprising a first vault 1, a first side wall 2, a second vault 3 and a second side wall 4, the bottom end of the first vault 1 is butt jointed with the top end of the first side wall 2, the top end of the first vault 1 is butt jointed with the top end of the second vault 3, the bottom end of the second vault 3 is butt jointed with the top end of the second side wall 4, a first adjusting mechanism 5 is arranged in the first side wall 2, and a second adjusting mechanism is arranged in the second side wall 4. The first adjusting mechanism 5 comprises guide columns 51, lifting seats 52, switching assemblies 53, movable seats 54, positioning assemblies 55, connecting columns 56, spherical hinge seats 57 and driving devices 58, the guide columns 51 are two, vertically and oppositely arranged in the first side wall 2, a plurality of positioning blocks 59 are arranged on the opposite sides of the two guide columns 51 along the length direction of the guide columns 51, the two ends of the lifting seat 52 are slidably connected with the two guide columns 51, the switching assembly 53 is arranged on the top surface of the lifting seat 52, the movable seat 54 is arranged in the switching assembly 53, the movement direction of the movable seat 54 is the thickness direction of the first side wall 2, the positioning assemblies 55 are two, arranged at the two ends of the movable seat 54, corresponding to the two guide columns 51 respectively, and slidably connected with the plurality of positioning blocks 59 on the guide columns 51 respectively, the driving device 58 is arranged in the first side wall 2, the working end of the driving device 58 is connected with the lifting seat 52, the connecting column 56 is arranged on the movable seat 54, the spherical hinge seat 57 is arranged on the top end of the connecting column 56 and connected with the first vault 1.

[0022] In the embodiment, the first adjusting mechanism 5 and the second adjusting mechanism have the same structure.

[0023] During construction, the bottom end of the first vault 1 is aligned with the top end of the first side wall 2 and butt jointed, the bottom end of the second vault 3 is aligned with the top end of the second side wall 4 and butt jointed, the top end of the first vault 1 is aligned with the top end of the second vault 3 and butt jointed, forming a support frame of the vault and the two side walls covering the tunnel section; according to the deformation of the soft rock, the support state of the first vault 1 and the second vault 3 is adjusted by the first adjusting mechanism 5 and the second adjusting mechanism, so as to avoid support failure.

[0024] When the first adjusting mechanism 5 is in operation, the lifting seat 52 is vertically moved along the two guide columns 51 by the driving device 58, the switching assembly 53 is used to switch the working state of the two positioning assemblies 55, and cooperates with the positioning blocks 59 to correspond to the rising, falling and fixing requirements of the lifting seat 52, so as to realize flexible adjustment and stable support; when the lifting seat 52 moves, the spherical hinge seat 57 is moved by the two guide columns 51, so as to adjust the height of the first arch top 1. The first arch top 1 and the first side wall 2, the second arch top 3 and the second side wall 4, and the first arch top 1 and the second arch top 3 are assembled in abutting mode, which replaces the traditional on-site welding process, does not need professional welders and post-welding detection, greatly shortens the installation time of the supporting mechanism, and reduces the construction safety hazards in the narrow tunnel; the first adjusting mechanism 5 and the second adjusting mechanism can realize the bidirectional adjustment of the whole arch top, the lifting seat 52 is vertically slid along the guide column 51 by the driving device 58, the height of the arch top is compensated, so as to adapt to the soft rock arch top sinking or cavity, the spherical hinge seat 57 can adapt to the small angle deviation of the arch top due to deformation, and stress concentration caused by rigid connection is avoided; the switching assembly 53 controls the movement of the movable seat 54, switches the working state of the positioning assembly 55, adjusts the cooperation state of the positioning plate 552 and the positioning block 59 of the guide column 51, ensures the position stability of the movable seat 54 after adjustment, prevents the support from loosening, realizes flexible adjustment and stable support, and solves the problem that the traditional fixed support cannot cope with the dynamic deformation of soft rock. In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 3 The switching assembly 53 includes a sliding seat 531, a guide rod 532 and an adjusting screw rod 533. The sliding seat 531 is arranged on the top surface of the lifting seat 52. The guide rod 532 is arranged in the sliding seat 531 along the thickness direction of the wall. The adjusting screw rod 533 is parallel to the guide rod 532, is rotationally arranged in the sliding seat 531, and is threadedly connected with the movable seat 54. When the adjusting screw rod 533 is rotated, the movable seat 54 is axially slid along the guide rod 532, the horizontal direction movement of the movable seat 54 is realized, that is, the radial position adjustment along the tunnel is realized, the working state of the positioning assembly 55 is switched, and the lifting, falling or locking state of the lifting seat 52 is controlled in cooperation with the operation of the driving device 58.

[0025] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 4 The positioning assembly 55 includes a positioning seat 551, a positioning plate 552 and a positioning shaft 553. The positioning seat 551 is arranged on the sliding seat 531. A through hole is arranged on the positioning seat 551. The positioning shaft 553 is horizontally arranged through the through hole and is elastically arranged on the positioning seat 551. The positioning plate 552 is arranged on one end of the positioning shaft 553, that is, the end close to the guide column 51, and is slidably connected with the multiple positioning blocks 59 on the guide column 51. When the lifting seat 52 is raised or lowered, the switching assembly 53 is synchronously moved, and in the movement process of the positioning plate 552, the positioning plate 552 is elastically stretched and contracted, and is sequentially slidably connected with the multiple positioning blocks 59 on the guide column 51.

[0026] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 5 The positioning plate 552 is provided with a first inclined surface 554 and a second inclined surface 555 on one side close to the positioning blocks 59, and the first inclined surface 554 and the second inclined surface 555 are arranged at the two ends of the positioning blocks 59 away from each other and opposite to each other.

[0027] It can be understood that the first inclined surface 554 is inclined upward, and the second inclined surface 555 is inclined downward. When the movable seat 54 moves upward, the switching device drives the movable seat 54 to move, so that the first inclined surface 554 of the positioning plate 552 corresponds to the plurality of positioning blocks 59, and the positioning plate 552 realizes flexible avoidance with the positioning plate 552 through the first inclined surface 554 and the elastic expansion, so that the lifting seat 52 can smoothly rise; similarly, when the movable seat 54 moves downward, the switching device makes the second inclined surface 555 of the positioning plate 552 correspond to the plurality of positioning blocks 59, so that the lifting seat 52 can smoothly descend.

[0028] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 5 The positioning plate 552 is provided with a positioning portion 556 between the first inclined surface 554 and the second inclined surface 555, and the upper and lower sides of the positioning portion 556 are both flat surfaces. When the movable seat 54 moves to the target position, the switching assembly 53 drives the positioning plate 552 to move, so that the positioning portion 556 is located between two adjacent positioning blocks 59, thereby realizing the locking of the lifting seat 52.

[0029] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 5 The end of the positioning shaft 553 away from the positioning plate 552 is provided with a limiting plate 557, and the positioning shaft 553 is sleeved with a spring 558, and the spring 558 abuts against the positioning plate 552 and the positioning seat 551 respectively.

[0030] Specifically, the spring 558 is sleeved on the positioning shaft 553, one end of the spring 558 abuts against the side surface of the positioning plate 552 close to the positioning seat 551, and the other end abuts against the end surface of the positioning seat 551; in the natural state, the spring 558 is in a slightly compressed state, and the positioning plate 552 is always adhered to the positioning block 59 in the direction of the guide column 51; when the positioning block 59 extrudes the inclined surface, the spring 558 is further compressed, and the positioning plate 552 avoids; when the positioning block 59 moves to the positioning portion 556, the spring 558 resets to push the positioning plate 552 to tightly clamp the positioning block 59.

[0031] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 4 , Figure 5 The through hole on the positioning seat 551 is rectangular, and the inner end of the positioning shaft 553 is rectangular and matched with the through hole to prevent the positioning shaft 553 from rotating, and the outer end is cylindrical to sleeve the spring 558 to avoid friction with the spring 558.

[0032] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 6 The first side wall 2 is provided with a slot hole 21 corresponding to the movement range of the adjusting screw rod 533, and an accommodating groove is formed inside the slot hole 21 corresponding to the position of the driving device 58; the slot hole 21 can adapt to different positions of the switching assembly 53, and tools can be used to drive the adjusting screw rod 533; the driving device 58 can be a jack or a hydraulic cylinder, which is vertically fixed in the preset accommodating groove at the bottom of the first side wall 2, and the working end of the jack or the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the bottom surface of the lifting seat 52, which cooperates with the switching device to adjust the working state of the lifting seat 52; when the driving device 58 is not working, the lifting seat 52 is locked to avoid the driving device 58 from being always stressed and causing failure, and to avoid safety hazards, In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 6 The first side wall 2 is connected with the first vault 1 through the first connecting structure 6, the first connecting structure 6 includes a connecting groove 61 arranged at the top end of the first side wall 2 and a connecting table 62 arranged at the bottom end of the first vault 1, the connecting table 62 is matched with the connecting groove 61, and when assembling, the connecting table 62 of the first vault 1 is directly embedded into the connecting groove 61 of the first side wall 2, replacing the traditional on-site welding to realize the quick assembly and disassembly of the first vault 1 and the first side wall 2.

[0033] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 7 The connecting groove 61 and the connecting table 62 are both isosceles trapezoidal structures, the opposite two inclined surfaces of the connecting groove 61 are respectively provided with guide grooves 63, and the opposite two inclined surfaces of the connecting table 62 are respectively provided with guide blocks 64, and the two guide blocks 64 are respectively and correspondingly connected with the two guide grooves 63 in a sliding manner.

[0034] It can be understood that the guide grooves 63 and the guide blocks 64 form a cooperation to provide accurate and rapid guidance for embedding the vault connecting table 62 into the side wall connecting groove 61, avoiding the displacement of the connecting position during assembly, and avoiding the need for repeated calibration. Soft rock geology is prone to deformation of the vault. When the connecting groove 61 and the connecting table 62 are completely connected, the cooperation of the trapezoidal structure can form a self-locking effect. The greater the pressure, the tighter the fit between the connecting table 62 and the connecting groove 61, preventing the vault from being separated from the side wall. The sliding gap between the guide blocks 64 and the guide grooves 63 can allow the vault to have a small vertical or lateral displacement due to the deformation of soft rock, avoiding structural cracking caused by rigid connection. When the adjusting mechanism adjusts the height of the side wall, the self-adaptability of the spherical hinge seat 57 and the trapezoidal connecting structure can adapt to a large degree of deformation at the bottom end of the vault and constrain the bottom end of the vault, realizing the effects of pressure dispersion and anti-separation.

[0035] In one embodiment, the second side wall 4 and the second vault 3 are connected through a second connecting structure, and the second connecting structure is the same as the first connecting structure 6.

[0036] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 8As shown, the first arch 1 top end is provided with a second butt joint groove 11, the second arch 3 top end is provided with a third butt joint table 31, the first arch 1 top end corresponds to the second butt joint groove 11 and is provided with a first plug hole 12, the second arch 3 top end corresponds to the third butt joint table 31 and is provided with a second plug hole 32, and the first plug hole 12 and the second plug hole 32 are plugged by a plug shaft 13.

[0037] The second butt joint groove 11 is arranged at the top end of the first arch 1 along the length direction, and the first plug hole 12 is arranged at the top end of the first arch 1 corresponding to the second butt joint groove 11 along the depth direction of the arch; the third butt joint table 31 matched with the second butt joint groove 11 is arranged at the top end of the second arch 3, and the second plug hole 32 coaxial with the first plug hole 12 is arranged at the top end of the second arch 3 corresponding to the third butt joint table 31; during assembly, the third butt joint table 31 is embedded into the second butt joint groove 11, the first plug hole 12 and the second plug hole 32 are aligned, and then the cylindrical plug shaft 13 is inserted through the two holes to complete the connection of the two arches; the arch assembly time is shortened, the plug-in connection is convenient for disassembly, is suitable for support installation during tunnel segmented construction, and damage to the arch structure caused by welding is avoided.

[0038] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 8 The second butt joint groove 11 and the third butt joint table 31 are both triangular structures, when the soft rock arch sinks, the third butt joint table 31 will continuously embed downward along the inclined surface of the second butt joint groove 11, and self-locking is formed by using the triangular wedge-in feature; the greater the arch sinking amount is, the stronger the fitting pressure of the third butt joint table 31 and the second butt joint groove 11 is, the risk of loosening and disconnection that may occur in the traditional rectangular butt joint structure during sinking is effectively avoided, the connection stability of the arch as a whole is ensured, the vertical load generated when the arch sinks is decomposed into lateral components along the inclined surface by the two inclined surfaces of the triangular structure, the components can be transmitted to the main structure of the first arch 1 and the second arch 3, and then further transmitted to the sidewall, thereby avoiding local cracking and damage at the butt joint due to concentrated bearing of the vertical pressure, and adapting to the continuous load impact caused by the sinking of the soft rock arch.

[0039] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 8As shown, the circumferential side of the first plug hole 12 and the second plug hole 32 is respectively provided with a plurality of locking grooves 14, such as four or six, equidistantly along the radial direction thereof, and the plurality of locking grooves 14 is respectively provided with a plurality of locking blocks 15 equidistantly along the axial direction thereof, and the circumferential side of the plug shaft 13 is respectively provided with a plurality of locking blocks 15 corresponding to and matching the plurality of locking grooves 14; when the plug shaft 13 is inserted, the locking block 15 slides along the locking groove 14, and after complete insertion, the locking block 15 is attached to the locking groove 14 to limit the circumferential rotation of the plug shaft 13; the soft rock vault subsidence is a continuous, gradual and dynamic process, and the locking block 15 and the locking groove 14 are provided with a certain gap, and the locking block 15 can slide axially along the locking groove 14 with the vault subsidence, and when the soft rock suddenly and slightly subsides, the impact load is transmitted to the locking block 15 through the plug shaft 13, and the multi-surface contact between the locking block 15 and the locking groove 14 can disperse the concentrated impact load to a plurality of locking surfaces and then conduct it to the two vault main structures, thereby avoiding overload of a single contact point.

[0040] In one embodiment, the two ends of the plug shaft 13 are respectively provided with a butterfly spring, which can absorb the impact load of the surrounding rock deformation transmitted to the vault butt joint, simultaneously provide continuous pre-tightening force for the plug shaft 13, buffer the vibration caused by the soft rock deformation, and reduce the fatigue damage of the butt joint structure; the pre-tightening force can prevent the plug shaft 13 from loosening and prolong the service life of the butt joint structure.

[0041] In one embodiment, an elastic buffer block is arranged between the second butt joint groove 11 and the third butt joint platform 31, the buffer block can be made of high-elasticity rubber or polyurethane, fill the small gap between the second butt joint groove 11 and the third butt joint platform 31, simultaneously absorb the small displacement of the vault caused by deformation, avoid rigid collision at the vault butt joint, reduce structural wear, and simultaneously the absorption of small displacement can reduce local stress and prevent cracking at the vault butt joint.

[0042] In one embodiment, as shown, Figure 6 As shown, the first side wall 2 and the second side wall 4 are respectively provided with a plurality of anchor rod holes 20 along the thickness direction thereof, for connecting with the rock wall through anchor rods, fixing and connecting the side wall with the tunnel rock wall, avoiding displacement of the side wall due to soft rock internal extrusion, and enhancing the overall stability of the supporting mechanism.

[0043] It should be noted that the above technical features continue to be combined with each other to form various embodiments not listed above, which are all considered to be within the scope of the present application as described in the specification; and for those skilled in the art, the above description can be improved or changed, and all these improvements and changes shall fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A support mechanism for deformation of surrounding rock in soft rock highway tunnels, characterized in that, It includes a first arch, a first side wall, a second arch, and a second side wall. The bottom end of the first arch is connected to the top end of the first side wall, the top end of the first arch is connected to the top end of the second arch, and the bottom end of the second arch is connected to the top end of the second side wall. A first adjustment mechanism is provided inside the first side wall, and a second adjustment mechanism is provided inside the second side wall. The first adjustment mechanism includes guide columns, a lifting seat, a switching component, a movable seat, a positioning component, a connecting column, a spherical hinge seat, and a driving device. There are two guide columns, each vertically and oppositely positioned within the first side wall. Multiple positioning blocks are spaced apart along the length of each guide column on its opposite side. The lifting seat is slidably connected to both guide columns. The switching component is mounted on the lifting seat, and the movable seat is located within the switching component. There are two positioning components, each located at one end of the movable seat and slidably connected to the positioning blocks on the two guide columns. The driving device is located within the first side wall, with its working end connected to the lifting seat. The connecting column is mounted on the movable seat, and the spherical hinge seat is located at the top of the connecting column and connected to the first arch.

2. The soft rock highway tunnel surrounding rock deformation support mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching assembly includes a slide, a guide rod, and an adjusting screw. The slide is mounted on the lifting seat, the guide rod is mounted inside the slide, and the adjusting screw is rotatably mounted inside the slide and threadedly connected to the movable seat.

3. The soft rock highway tunnel surrounding rock deformation support mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The positioning component includes a positioning seat, a positioning plate, and a positioning shaft. The positioning seat is disposed on the slide, the positioning shaft passes through and is elastically disposed on the positioning seat, and the positioning plate is disposed at one end of the outer side of the positioning shaft and is slidably connected to a plurality of positioning blocks respectively.

4. The soft rock highway tunnel surrounding rock deformation support mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, The positioning plate is provided with a first inclined surface and a second inclined surface on the side near the positioning block. The first inclined surface and the second inclined surface are respectively provided at the two ends of the positioning block that are far apart from each other and are arranged opposite to each other.

5. The soft rock highway tunnel surrounding rock deformation support mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that, A positioning part is provided on the positioning plate between the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface.

6. The soft rock highway tunnel surrounding rock deformation support mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that, A limit plate is provided at the end of the positioning shaft away from the positioning plate, and a spring is sleeved on the positioning shaft, with the spring abutting against the positioning plate and the positioning seat respectively.

7. The soft rock highway tunnel surrounding rock deformation support mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first sidewall and the first arch are connected by a first docking structure, which includes a docking groove at the top of the first sidewall and a docking platform at the bottom of the first arch, the docking platform matching the docking groove.

8. The soft rock highway tunnel surrounding rock deformation support mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that, The docking groove is a trapezoidal groove, the docking platform is a trapezoidal platform, and guide grooves are respectively provided on the two opposite inclined surfaces of the docking groove. Guide blocks are respectively provided on the two opposite inclined surfaces of the docking platform. The two guide blocks correspond one-to-one with the two guide grooves and are slidably connected.

9. The soft rock highway tunnel surrounding rock deformation support mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first arch has a second docking groove at its top and a third docking platform at its top. The first arch has a first insertion hole through the second docking groove at its top and a second insertion hole through the third docking platform at its top. The first insertion hole and the second insertion hole are connected by an insertion shaft.

10. The soft rock highway tunnel surrounding rock deformation support mechanism according to claim 9, characterized in that, The first insertion hole and the second insertion hole are provided with multiple locking grooves at equal intervals along their radial direction on their periphery, and the multiple locking grooves are respectively provided through their axial direction. The insertion shaft is provided with multiple locking blocks on its periphery, and the multiple locking blocks correspond to and match the multiple locking grooves one by one.

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