Smoke exhaust oil mist separation system and smoke exhaust oil mist separation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of oil mist separation, and provides a smoke exhaust oil mist separation system and method.The system comprises a main pipeline, a filtering assembly, a quick connecting assembly and a smoke exhaust fan. The filtering assembly is of a conical multi-layer filter element structure and comprises a honeycomb-shaped polyether-ether-ketone liquid discharging layer, a silica gel fiber coarse coalescence layer, a flow guiding layer with radial ventilation grooves and a silicon carbide ceramic fiber fine coalescence layer, and gradient separation of oil mist is achieved. The extrusion mechanism drives a guide rod to rotate and compress a filter element through a motor, and residual oil is promoted to directionally flow back along an inclined honeycomb channel. And the connecting assembly adopts the interference fit design of an embedded ring and a groove, and is matched with a sliding locking mechanism to realize quick disassembly and assembly of the filtering assembly. The problems that a traditional system is insufficient in superfine oil mist capturing, low in liquid discharging efficiency and tedious in maintenance are solved, and the oil mist capturing device has the advantages of being high in separation efficiency, thorough in oil liquid recycling and convenient and fast to replace the filter element.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil mist separation technology, and specifically to an exhaust oil mist separation system and method. Background Technology

[0002] If the oil mist mixture generated during the operation of equipment such as centrifugal turbine compressors and blowers is directly emitted without treatment, it will cause serious environmental pollution and waste of oil resources. Existing exhaust oil mist separation systems typically employ a multi-stage filtration structure, using a fan to drive the oil mist airflow through the filter element, utilizing mechanisms such as inertial collision and fiber interception to achieve oil droplet coalescence and gas-liquid separation. A typical system includes core components such as main pipelines, filter components, and exhaust fans, with the filter components often using gradient pore filter elements. After oil mist separation, the gas is discharged by the fan, and the separated oil flows back to the oil tank via gravity or a flow guide structure. However, existing technologies still face the following technical bottlenecks in practical applications:

[0003] Traditional filter elements, using a single material or simple layered structure, have limited ability to capture ultrafine oil mist <1μm and lack optimized flow field design. Uneven flow velocity at the interface between the coarse and fine layers easily creates eddies, leading to increased local pressure drop and accelerating filter clogging. Furthermore, residual oil remains in the filter pores during shutdown, unable to drain completely, causing oil oxidation and scaling, significantly shortening filter lifespan. Existing systems rely on gravity drainage, but the bottom drainage layer structure of the filter element is poorly designed, resulting in high oil return resistance and an unclear path. When shutdown, the oil mist airflow is interrupted, and residual oil cannot be actively drained, leading to long-term accumulation and secondary contamination of the filter element, requiring frequent manual cleaning and increasing maintenance costs. Traditional filter components are fixed with flanges or bolts, requiring system shutdown and manual disconnection of multiple connections, taking tens of minutes. Pipeline interfaces lack quick-sealing structures; repeated disassembly and assembly easily leads to seal wear, causing oil mist leakage and affecting system airtightness and safety. The existing system lacks an intelligent valve coordination control strategy and cannot automatically switch between filtration, drainage and other modes according to the operating status.

[0004] These technical deficiencies severely restrict the industrial application of oil mist separation systems, necessitating a solution that combines efficient separation, intelligent drainage, and rapid maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the background art, the present invention provides a smoke and oil mist separation system, comprising:

[0006] The main structure includes a main pipe, a first connecting pipe, a second connecting pipe, and a smoke exhaust pipe, wherein the oil inlet end of the main pipe is connected to the oil mist generation source;

[0007] A filter assembly, disposed within the main structure, includes a filter housing, a filter element, and a compression mechanism. The filter element has a conical structure and includes a drainage layer and multiple coalescing layers. The drainage layer is located at the bottom of the filter element and has a honeycomb structure. The compression mechanism includes a circular plate threadedly connected to a guide rod and multiple radially retractable sector plates. The guide rod is driven to rotate by a motor so that the compression mechanism compresses the filter element axially.

[0008] Two connecting components are respectively disposed at both ends of the filter assembly. The connecting components include a first fixing pipe with an embedding groove and a second fixing pipe with an embedding ring. The embedding ring is interference-fitted with the embedding groove and is used to detachably connect the filter box to the main pipe and the first connecting pipe.

[0009] The exhaust fan is equipped with an air outlet connected to the exhaust pipe; the exhaust fan is connected to the second connecting pipe and drives the oil mist airflow to pass through the main pipe, the filter assembly and the second connecting pipe in sequence and then be discharged through the exhaust pipe.

[0010] The honeycomb structure of the drain layer extends at an angle to the axis of the main pipeline. When the system stops, the extrusion mechanism compresses the filter element, causing the residual oil to flow back through the honeycomb structure of the drain layer to the main pipeline and into the oil tank.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, a first solenoid valve is provided in the main pipeline, and a second solenoid valve is provided in the second connecting pipe. The first and second solenoid valves are operated in the following modes through a control unit: Disconnection mode: When the filter assembly needs to be disconnected from the system, the first and second solenoid valves close synchronously, cutting off the input and output of oil mist airflow to the filter assembly; Drainage mode: When the system is shut down, the first solenoid valve opens and the second solenoid valve closes, allowing the residual oil generated by the compression mechanism of the filter element to flow back to the oil tank through the main pipeline.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the filter element comprises:

[0013] The drainage layer, located at the bottom of the filter element, is made of honeycomb polyetheretherketone.

[0014] A coarse agglomeration layer is disposed above the drainage layer, and is made of silicone fiber composite felt;

[0015] A flow guiding layer is disposed above the coarse coalescing layer, and has uniformly distributed ventilation slots inside;

[0016] A fine coalescing layer is disposed above the flow guiding layer, and is made of silicon carbide ceramic fiber felt with a porosity of less than 5%.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the extrusion mechanism includes:

[0018] A circular plate is threadedly connected to the guide rod.

[0019] Multiple sector-shaped plates are slidably connected to the circular plate via support rods;

[0020] A first spring is disposed within the receiving groove to buffer the radial contraction force of the sector plate.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the connection component includes:

[0022] The first and second fixed tubes are interference-fitted with the embedded ring through the embedded groove;

[0023] The delivery tube is slidably disposed inside the second fixed tube and locked to the sliding plate by an insertion rod.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the honeycomb structure of the drainage layer has a gradually decreasing pore size along the oil flow direction and abuts against the first fixing frame to prevent the filter element from detaching.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the ventilation slots of the flow guide layer are radially distributed, and the depth of the slots is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the filter element height.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, a polyurethane sponge protective layer with a fluororubber coating is provided between the coarse agglomeration layer and the drainage layer.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the interference tolerance between the embedding groove and the embedding ring is 2mm, and the end of the conveying pipe is provided with a 60° guide slope.

[0028] The present invention also designs a method for oil mist separation and smoke extraction using the smoke and oil mist separation system of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0029] S1: Oil mist gradient separation: Start the exhaust fan to drive the oil mist mixture through the main pipe, the first connecting pipe, the filter assembly, and the second connecting pipe in sequence, wherein:

[0030] The oil mist mixture is sequentially passed through the coarse coalescing layer in the filter assembly, where oil droplets with a particle size ≥10μm are intercepted by inertial collision to form a primary liquid film. The radial ventilation grooves of the guide layer uniformly distribute the flow field and eliminate local eddies. Oil mist with a particle size <1μm is spread on the nanofiber surface of the fine coalescing layer to form a continuous liquid film and converge. The separated oil is directionally returned to the oil tank through the axial honeycomb channel of the drain layer, and the gas is discharged through the exhaust pipe.

[0031] S2: Automatic drainage during shutdown: When the system stops running, close the second solenoid valve in the second connecting pipe and open the first solenoid valve in the main pipe at the same time; start the motor to drive the guide rod to rotate, drive the threaded extrusion mechanism to compress the filter element along the axis, so that the fine coalescing layer and the second protective layer are deformed under pressure, and the residual oil is squeezed out and flows back to the oil tank through the honeycomb channel of the drainage layer.

[0032] S3: Quick Replacement of Filter Components: When the filter components need to be disassembled or installed, press one end of the rocker plate of the connecting component to make the round rod push the insertion rod to retract in the sliding groove, releasing the locking of the sliding plate; slide the conveying pipe along the moving groove to make the embedded ring disengage from the embedded groove of the first fixed tube, completing the disassembly or sealing installation of the filter components.

[0033] The beneficial effects achieved by this invention are as follows:

[0034] This invention achieves a technological breakthrough in the field of oil mist separation through structural innovation of multi-layer gradient coalescing filter elements and synergistic design of the control system. Its conical filter element's layered filtration mechanism, combined with a honeycomb flow-guiding structure, significantly improves the collection efficiency of ultrafine oil mist and the oil recovery rate. The axial compression active drainage system, through the coordination of directional extrusion and the flow-guiding path, completely solves the problem of residual oil retention in traditional filter elements. Modular quick-connect components and embedded sealing technology greatly shorten maintenance time and reduce system downtime losses. The valve collaborative control strategy enables automatic switching of operating modes, ensuring operational safety and energy consumption optimization. The composite flow-guiding protection structure effectively extends the service life of core components through stress dispersion and flow field optimization. These designs work synergistically to form a closed-loop optimization of key performance aspects such as separation efficiency, operational stability, and ease of maintenance, providing an efficient, reliable, and low-maintenance-cost solution for industrial oil mist treatment. It is particularly suitable for complex working conditions involving high precision, high throughput, and continuous operation, driving the upgrade of environmental filtration equipment towards higher efficiency and more integrated systems. Specifically, this is reflected in:

[0035] First, this invention designs a multi-layered gradient coalescing filter element structure, achieving graded filtration through a combination of a conical filter element's drainage layer, coarse coalescing layer, flow guiding layer, and fine coalescing layer. The inclined channel design of the honeycomb drainage layer and the radial ventilation grooves of the fluororubber flow guiding layer create a synergistic effect, allowing oil mist to sequentially undergo the physical processes of inertial interception, flow field homogenization, and ultrafine coalescing. This structural innovation breaks through the traditional stacked design of filter elements, significantly improving the collection efficiency of 0.1-10μm diameter oil droplets through flow channel optimization, while avoiding pressure drop imbalance caused by interlayer eddies, ensuring stable separation performance of the filter element during long-term use.

[0036] Secondly, this invention designs an axial compression active drainage system that, through the cooperation of a threaded transmission mechanism and a flexible fan-shaped compression plate, achieves efficient recovery of residual oil in the filter element when the system is shut down. A motor-driven guide rod causes the fan-shaped plate to contract radially, and combined with the directional flow characteristics of the honeycomb drainage layer, this creates an orderly return path for the oil trapped in the filter element pores during the compression process. This technical feature effectively solves the capillary retention problem inherent in traditional gravity drainage, significantly reduces damage to the filter element caused by oil oxidation and scaling, and extends the service life of the core filtration components.

[0037] Third, this invention features a modular quick-connect assembly with an embedded interference-sealed structure, enabling tool-free assembly and disassembly of the filter assembly via a sliding locking mechanism. The design of the embedded ring and guide bevel, combined with the synchronous control of dual solenoid valves, simplifies the maintenance process while ensuring airtightness. This innovation overcomes the cumbersome structure of traditional flange connections, reducing filter assembly replacement time by over 80%, making it particularly suitable for industrial scenarios requiring frequent maintenance and significantly improving system maintainability.

[0038] Fourth, this invention designs a valve collaborative control system that establishes an automatic switching mechanism for three modes—operation, drainage, and maintenance—through the linkage control of the solenoid valve group and the compression mechanism. The synchronous closure of the two valves in the disconnection mode ensures the safety of the disassembly process, while the differential pressure control in the drainage mode achieves zero-residual oil recovery. This innovative control strategy enables the system to adapt to changing operating conditions, significantly reducing the risk of human error while ensuring separation efficiency.

[0039] Fifth, this invention designs a composite flow-guiding and protective structure with an elastic buffer layer between the coarse coalescing layer and the drainage layer. The elastic deformation of the fluororubber coating absorbs the airflow impact. The combination of the radial channel design of the flow-guiding layer and the flexible protective layer achieves both uniform flow field distribution and alleviates mechanical vibration stress. This structural innovation effectively solves the fiber breakage problem caused by stress concentration between layers in traditional filter cartridges, enabling the filter cartridge to maintain structural integrity under high pressure differential conditions and significantly improving the stability of system operation. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the filter component in this invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the filter element in this invention;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the extrusion mechanism in this invention;

[0044] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the connecting components in this invention;

[0045] Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the connecting components from another perspective in this invention;

[0046] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the delivery pipe in this invention;

[0047] Figure 8 This is a flowchart of a method for separating exhaust oil mist according to the present invention.

[0048] The numbers on the map are:

[0049] 1. Main structure: 101. Main pipe; 102. First connecting pipe; 103. Second connecting pipe; 104. Smoke exhaust pipe;

[0050] 2. Filter components:

[0051] 201. Filter element: 2011. Drainage layer; 2012. First protective layer; 2013. Coarse coalescing layer; 2014. Flow guiding layer; 2015. Fine coalescing layer; 2016. Second protective layer;

[0052] 202. Filter housing; 203. Motor; 204. First fixing frame; 205. Second fixing frame; 206. Guide rod;

[0053] 207. Extrusion Mechanism: 2071. Circular Plate; 2072. Storage Slot; 2073. Support Rod; 2074. Sector Plate; 2075. First Spring; 2076. First Guide Rod;

[0054] 3. Connecting Components: 301. First Fixed Pipe; 302. Conveying Pipe; 303. Second Fixed Pipe; 304. Embedding Groove; 305. Embedding Ring; 306. Main Board; 307. Moving Groove; 308. Sliding Plate; 309. Insertion Groove; 310. Sliding Groove; 311. Insertion Rod; 312. Second Guide Rod; 313. Second Spring; 314. Rotating Plate; 315. Rocker; 316. Third Guide Rod; 317. Third Spring; 318. Round Rod;

[0055] 4. Smoke exhaust fan. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, the forms of the various structures described in the following embodiments are merely illustrative. The present invention is not limited to the structures described in the following embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] Reference Figures 1-8The specific structure and connection relationship of an exhaust oil mist separation system are as follows: The system includes a main structure 1, a filter assembly 2, two connecting assemblies 3, and an exhaust fan 4. The main structure 1 consists of a main pipe 101, a first connecting pipe 102, a second connecting pipe 103, and an exhaust pipe 104. The main pipe 101 is directly connected to the oil mist generation source and has a first solenoid valve installed inside to control the on / off state of the filter assembly 2. One end of the second connecting pipe 103 is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust fan 4, and a second solenoid valve is installed inside. The simultaneous closing of the first and second solenoid valves can disconnect the filter assembly 2 from the main structure 1. The exhaust pipe 104 connects to the air outlet of the exhaust fan 4 and extends to the external environment or waste gas treatment facilities.

[0058] The filter assembly 2 is located inside the main structure 1 and consists of a filter element 201, a filter box 202, a motor 203, a first fixing frame 204, a second fixing frame 205, a guide rod 206, and a pressing mechanism 207. The filter element 201 adopts a conical structure and includes, from bottom to top, a drainage layer 2011, a first protective layer 2012, a coarse coalescing layer 2013, a flow guiding layer 2014, a fine coalescing layer 2015, and a second protective layer 2016. The drainage layer 2011 is located at the bottom of the filter element and is made of honeycomb polyetheretherketone material. Its pore size gradually decreases along the direction of oil flow and abuts against the first fixing frame 204 to prevent the filter element from detaching. The coarse coalescing layer 2013 is made of silicone fiber composite felt and is used to intercept oil droplets ≥10μm. The flow guiding layer 2014 is made of fluororubber material and has radially distributed ventilation grooves inside. The groove depth is 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the filter element height. The fine coalescing layer 2015 is composed of silicon carbide ceramic fiber felt with a porosity of <5% and can capture oil mist <1μm. The second protective layer 2016 is a flexible polyimide aerogel sponge. The extrusion mechanism 207 includes a circular plate 2071 threadedly connected to the guide rod 206, six circumferentially distributed sector plates 2074, and a first spring 2075 for buffering. The filter element 201 is axially compressed by the guide rod 206 being driven to rotate by the motor 203.

[0059] Two connecting components 3 are respectively disposed at both ends of the filter component 2. Each connecting component 3 includes a first fixed tube 301, a second fixed tube 303, a conveying tube 302, and a locking mechanism. The end of the first fixed tube 301 has an insertion groove 304 with an interference tolerance of 2mm, which forms an axial fixation with the insertion ring 305 at the end of the second fixed tube 303. The conveying tube 302 is slidably disposed in the second fixed tube 303 and is locked with the insertion groove 309 of the main board 306 by the insertion rod 311 on the sliding plate 308. Pressing the rocker plate 315 can drive the insertion rod 311 to retract and unlock. The exhaust fan 4 adopts a centrifugal structure and is connected to the system through the second connecting tube 103 to provide suction for the flow of oil mist.

[0060] The main pipe 101 is connected to the inlet of the filter assembly 2 via the left connecting component 3. The outlet of the filter assembly 2 is connected to the first connecting pipe 102 and the second connecting pipe 103 via the right connecting component 3, and then to the exhaust fan 4. The guide rod 206 of the extrusion mechanism 207 passes through the second fixed frame 205 and is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor 203. The six fan-shaped plates 2074 contract radially to fit against the inner wall of the filter box 202 when the guide rod 206 rotates. The radial ventilation slots of the flow guiding layer 2014 and the silica gel fiber of the coarse coalescing layer 2013 form a cascade filtration channel. The oil captured by the fine coalescing layer 2015 flows back to the oil tank through the honeycomb structure of the drain layer 2011.

[0061] The main structure 1's piping network is directly connected to the oil mist source, ensuring directional flow of oil mist; the cone-shaped filter element 201 of the filter assembly 2 intercepts oil droplets of different sizes through multiple coalescing layers, improving separation efficiency; the detachable design of the connecting assembly 3 simplifies the filter element replacement process; the exhaust fan 4 drives the airflow to pass through the system stably; when the system is stopped, the squeezing mechanism 207 actively compresses the filter element 201, and the residual oil is returned and recycled through the drain layer 2011, avoiding filter element blockage caused by oil retention, significantly extending filter element life and reducing maintenance costs.

[0062] In disconnection mode, the first and second solenoid valves close synchronously, completely isolating the oil mist airflow and ensuring the safety of operation when disassembling the filter component 2. In drainage mode, the first solenoid valve opens and the second solenoid valve closes, forming a closed drainage channel. The residual oil generated when the squeezing mechanism 207 compresses the filter element 201 can be efficiently and directionally returned to the oil tank, avoiding gas interference or oil residue, improving the oil recovery rate and reducing the risk of environmental pollution.

[0063] The honeycomb polyetheretherketone drainage layer 2011 provides high mechanical strength and directional flow guidance, ensuring rapid oil return; the silicone fiber composite felt coarse coalescing layer 2013 intercepts oil droplets ≥10μm through inertial collision, forming a primary liquid film; the uniform ventilation grooves of the flow guiding layer 2014 optimize the flow field distribution and eliminate local eddies; the silicon carbide ceramic fiber fine coalescing layer 2015 captures ultrafine oil mist <1μm with a porosity of <5%, achieving a separation efficiency of over 99%, while its oleophobic properties reduce oil adhesion and extend the service life of the filter element.

[0064] The threaded connection between the circular plate 2071 and the guide rod 206 provides precise control of the axial travel; multiple sector plates 2074 are evenly distributed along the circumference, and when compressed, they radially shrink to fit the inner wall of the filter element, avoiding local stress concentration; the first spring 2075 buffers the extrusion impact force, preventing the brittle materials of the filter element, such as silicon carbide ceramic fibers, from cracking due to rigid extrusion, and ensuring the structural integrity of the filter element.

[0065] The 2mm interference tolerance between the embedded groove 304 and the embedded ring 305 ensures the airtightness of the pipe connection and prevents oil mist leakage; the sliding structure of the delivery pipe 302, together with the locking mechanism of the insertion rod 311, enables the "one-click" installation and removal of the filter assembly 2, reducing the operation time by more than 50% and significantly improving maintenance efficiency.

[0066] The aperture gradually decreases along the direction of oil flow, using capillary effect to accelerate oil convergence; the bottom of the drain layer 2011 abuts against the first fixed frame 204 to prevent the filter element from axial displacement during airflow impact or compression, ensuring the stability of system operation.

[0067] The groove depth is controlled within 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the filter element height to balance the flow guiding efficiency and structural strength; the radial grooves evenly disperse the airflow, eliminate the impact of local high-speed areas on the coalescing layer, increase the contact time between oil mist and filter element by 20%, and improve the oil droplet coalescence efficiency.

[0068] The elastic structure of polyurethane foam absorbs the mechanical vibration of the coarse coalescing layer 2013, reducing fatigue damage to the fiber layer; the fluororubber coating enhances the resistance to oil penetration, prevents oil corrosion of the honeycomb structure of the drainage layer 2011, and extends the overall life of the filter element by more than 30%.

[0069] The 2mm interference tolerance provides a high-rigidity connection and withstands long-term vibration environments; the 60° guide slope at the end of the delivery pipe 302 guides the embedded ring 305 to be precisely inserted into the embedded groove 304, reducing the installation deviation rate to less than 1%, while reducing the wear of the sealing ring and maintaining the long-term airtightness of the system.

[0070] The following is a detailed structural description of an exhaust oil mist separation system, comprising a main structure 1, a filter assembly 2, two connecting assemblies 3, and an exhaust fan 4. The main structure 1 supports and mounts other systems, providing a stable foundation and protection. The filter assembly 2 filters oil mist and gas entering the main structure 1, and merges fine oil mist into liquid, which is then discharged back into the oil tank. The connecting assemblies 3 connect the filter assembly 2 to the main structure 1, with two assemblies 3 respectively located at both ends of the filter assembly 2 for easy replacement. The exhaust fan 4 controls the direction and speed of oil mist flow.

[0071] like Figure 1As shown, the main structure 1 consists of a main pipe 101, a first connecting pipe 102, a second connecting pipe 103, and a smoke exhaust pipe 104. One end of the main pipe 101 is connected to an oil mist source, which is generated to varying degrees by equipment such as centrifugal turbine compressors and blowers during normal operation. The oil outlet of the main pipe 101 forms a return branch with the oil tank through a T-joint. The honeycomb channel of the drain layer 2011 extends axially at a 15° angle to the axis of the main pipe 101, allowing the compressed oil to return to the oil tank along the inclined channel through the return branch of the main pipe 101.

[0072] The main pipe 101 is equipped with a first solenoid valve, which controls the connection between the filter assembly 2 and the main pipe 101. The other end of the main pipe 101 is connected to one of the connecting components 3. One end of the first connecting pipe 102 is connected to the filter assembly 2, and the other end of the first connecting pipe 102 is connected to one end of the second connecting pipe 103 through another connecting component 3. One end of the second connecting pipe 103 is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust fan 4. The second connecting pipe 103 is equipped with a second solenoid valve. When the first and second solenoid valves are closed simultaneously, the filter assembly 2 is connected to the main structure. 1. Disconnection: One end of the exhaust pipe 104 is connected to the air outlet of the exhaust fan 4. Both the first solenoid valve and the second solenoid valve can control the effect of the exhaust fan 4 on the main structure 1. The oil mist mixture gas is discharged from the oil tank through the main pipe 101, connecting component 3, filter component 2, first connecting pipe 102, connecting component 3, second connecting pipe 103, exhaust fan 4 and exhaust pipe 104 in sequence. The filter component 2 separates the oil droplets in the oil mist mixture gas and collects and merges the oil droplets to form larger oil droplets and transports them to the oil tank. The separated gas leaves the equipment along the suction generated by the exhaust fan 4.

[0073] like Figure 2As shown, the filter assembly 2 consists of a filter element 201, a filter housing 202, a motor 203, a first fixing frame 204, a second fixing frame 205, a guide rod 206, and a pressing mechanism 207. The first fixing frame 204 is located near the main pipe 101 and is fixedly connected to the filter housing 202. The second fixing frame 205 is located near the first connecting pipe 102 and is fixedly connected to the filter housing 202. The guide rod 206 passes through the second fixing frame 205 and is rotatably connected to both the filter housing 202 and the first fixing frame 204. The pressing mechanism 207 is threadedly connected to the guide rod 206. The upper end of the guide rod 206 is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor 203, and is guided by the rotation of the motor 203. Rod 206 causes the squeezing mechanism 207 to move axially along the guide rod 206. A filter element 201 corresponding to the filter box 202 is sleeved on the outside of the guide rod 206, and the filter element 201 is trapezoidal. The squeezing mechanism 207 squeezes the filter element 201 to squeeze out the residual liquid inside the filter element 201. When the filter assembly 2 is replaced, the second solenoid valve in the second connecting pipe 103 is closed, and the first solenoid valve in the main pipe 101 is opened. The motor 203 rotates, causing the squeezing mechanism 207 to squeeze the filter element 201 along the guide rod 206, and transport the residual oil inside the filter element 201 to the oil tank. During the movement of the squeezing mechanism 207, the squeezing mechanism 207 contracts through the inner wall of the filter box 202, and the first fixing frame 204 limits the filter element 201.

[0074] like Figure 3 As shown, the filter element 201 includes a drain layer 2011, a first protective layer 2012, a coarse coalescing layer 2013, a guide layer 2014, a fine coalescing layer 2015, and a second protective layer 2016. The drain layer 2011 is located below the filter housing 202 and abuts against the first fixing frame 204. The drain layer 2011 has a honeycomb structure and is made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a relatively hard material. When the filter element 201 is compressed, the drain layer 2011 prevents the filter element 201 from detaching from the filter housing 202. The honeycomb structure of the drain layer 2011 guides the oil back into the oil tank. The coarse coalescing layer 2013 is located above the drain layer 2011 and has a coarse coalescing layer 2016. The coalescing layer 2013 is made of silicone fiber composite felt. The coarse coalescing layer 2013 condenses larger oil droplets. A first protective layer 2012 is provided between the coarse coalescing layer 2013 and the drainage layer 2011. The first protective layer 2012 is made of fluororubber coated polyurethane sponge. The guide layer 2014 is made of fluororubber. Several ventilation slots are opened inside the guide layer 2014. The ventilation slots are evenly distributed on the surface of the guide layer 2014. A fine coalescing layer 2015 is provided above the guide layer 2014. The fine coalescing layer 2015 is made of silicon carbide ceramic fiber felt. The fine coalescing layer 2015 has low porosity and has an excellent coalescing effect on fine oil droplets in the oil mist.

[0075] A second protective layer 2016 is positioned above the fine coalescing layer 2015, and the second protective layer 2016 abuts against the extrusion mechanism 207. The second protective layer 2016 is made of flexible polyimide aerogel sponge. The drainage layer 2011 is made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) material due to its high hardness and strong chemical stability, which allows it to maintain structural integrity when the filter element 201 is under pressure. The honeycomb structure further enhances the pressure resistance of the drainage layer 2011, while the honeycomb channels provide a directional flow path for the separated oil, ensuring efficient return of the oil to the oil tank. The first protective layer 2012 absorbs the impact of oil mist through its elastic sponge structure, reducing mechanical wear between the coarse coalescing layer 2013 and the drainage layer 2011. The fluororubber coating enhances the adsorption capacity for oil droplets, assisting the coarse coalescing layer 2013 in completing the initial oil enrichment. The coarse coalescing layer 2013 adopts a porous structure of silicone fiber, which, through inertia... The collision and interception mechanism efficiently captures oil droplets with a particle size ≥10μm. The coarse coalescing layer 2013 also serves as the first line of defense for oil mist filtration, reducing the processing load of subsequent coalescing layers. The ventilation slots on the flow guide layer 2014 optimize the flow field distribution, eliminate local eddies, and ensure full contact between the oil mist and the coalescing layer. The elastic properties of fluororubber can buffer the airflow impact and maintain stable system pressure. The fine coalescing layer 2015 uses a nano-fiber network with a porosity <5% to achieve collision-coalescence-growth of oil droplets with a particle size <1μm. The hydrophobic and oleophilic properties of silicon carbide ceramic fibers allow oil droplets to spread rapidly on the fiber surface, forming a continuous liquid film. Under the action of gravity, the liquid film converges into oil droplets and falls into the flow guide layer 2014. The second protective layer 2016 uses the compression deformation properties of aerogel to fill the gap between the filter element 201 and the extrusion mechanism 207 during the extrusion process, preventing oil mist leakage.

[0076] like Figure 4As shown, the extrusion mechanism 207 includes a circular plate 2071, several receiving slots 2072, several support rods 2073, several fan-shaped plates 2074, and several first springs 2075. The circular plate 2071 is threadedly connected to the guide rod 2072. The receiving slots 2072 are circumferentially distributed about the center line of the circular plate 2071. The upper surface of the support rod 2073 is fixedly mounted with a fan-shaped plate 2074, and the support rod 2073 is slidably connected to the circular plate 2071 through the receiving slots 2072. The inner wall of the receiving slot 2072 is fixedly mounted with a first guide rod 2076, and the outer surface of the first guide rod 2076 is sleeved with a first spring 2075. The two ends of the first spring 2075 are respectively connected to the inner wall of the receiving slot 2072 and the support rod 2074. 073 is fixedly connected. During the movement of the extrusion mechanism 207, the inner wall of the filter box 202 extrudes the fan-shaped plate 2074 and the support rod 2073. Several fan-shaped plates 2074 ensure that the extrusion of the filter element 201 is uniform. There are 6 sets of storage slots 2072. The 6 sets of storage slots 2072 are distributed circumferentially at 60° intervals with the center of the circular plate 2071 as the reference. Each set contains an independent sliding pair and an elastic component. The flexible buffer of the first spring 2075 increases the absorption rate of rigid collision energy between the extrusion mechanism 207 and the filter element 201 to more than 85%, which significantly reduces the risk of microcracks in the filter element 201. The local pressure is reduced by the uniform force distribution at 6 points, which prevents the silicon carbide ceramic fiber felt layer of the filter element 201 from brittle fracture.

[0077] like Figures 5-7As shown, the connecting assembly 3 includes a first fixed tube 301, a conveying tube 302, and a second fixed tube 303. An embedding groove 304 is formed on the end face of the first fixed tube 301 near the end of the second fixed tube 303. An embedding ring 305 is fixedly installed on the end face of the second fixed tube 303 near the end of the first fixed tube 301. The embedding groove 304 and the embedding ring 305 are interference-fitted with a tolerance of 2mm. A main board 306 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the second fixed tube 303. A moving groove 307 is formed inside the main board 306, communicating with the second fixed tube 303. A conveying tube 302 is fixedly installed inside the second fixed tube 303. A sliding plate 308 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the conveying tube 302 corresponding to the moving groove 307. Two insertion grooves 309 are formed through the side of the main board 306 corresponding to the sliding plate 308. The two insertion grooves 309 are symmetrically distributed about the center of the main board 306. A sliding plate 308 is formed inside the sliding plate 308 corresponding to the insertion groove 309. The sliding groove 310 has an insertion rod 311 inside that corresponds to the insertion groove 309. A second guide rod 312 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the sliding groove 310. A second spring 313 is sleeved on the outer surface of the second guide rod 312. The two ends of the second spring 313 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sliding groove 310 and the insertion rod 311, respectively. When the insertion rod 311 corresponds to the insertion groove 309, the sliding plate 308 is fixed in the corresponding position. When replacing or installing the filter assembly 2, the position of the conveying pipe 302 is controlled by moving the sliding plate 308. The length of the conveying pipe 302 is longer than that of the main board 306. During installation, the conveying pipe 302 is moved into the first fixed pipe 301, so that the gas passes through the first fixed pipe 301 and then enters the second fixed pipe 303 along the conveying pipe 302. At the same time, since the length of the conveying pipe 302 is longer than that of the main board 306 and the outer surface of the conveying pipe 302 is sleeved with a sealing ring, it is ensured that the gas will not leave the equipment through the sliding groove 310.

[0078] like Figure 6 As shown, two rotating plates 314 are fixedly installed on the side of the main board 306 corresponding to the insertion slot 309. The two rotating plates 314 are symmetrically distributed about the center lines of the two insertion slots 309. A rocker plate 315 is provided between the two rotating plates 314. The rocker plate 315 is rotatably connected to both rotating plates 314. A third guide rod 316 is provided between the rocker plate 315 and the main board 306. The third guide rod 316 is close to the first fixed tube 301. A third spring 317 is sleeved on the outer surface of the third guide rod 316. The two ends of the third spring 317 abut against the rocker plate 315 and the main board 306 respectively. Both ends of the rocker plate 315 corresponding to the insertion rod 311 are rotatably installed with round rods 318 corresponding to the insertion rod 311. When the position of the delivery tube 302 is moved, by pressing the end of the rocker plate 315 opposite to the moving position, the round rod 318 pushes the insertion rod 311 to retract, thereby unlocking the sliding plate 308.

[0079] like Figure 1 As shown, exhaust fan 4 is a centrifugal fan, which provides the suction required by the system. Figure 7 As shown, the inner wall of the delivery pipe 302 away from the first fixed pipe 301 has an inclined surface with an angle of 60°. The inclined surface facilitates the accumulation of oil along the inner wall of the delivery pipe 302 back into the oil tank.

[0080] This invention provides a method for using an exhaust oil mist separation system, comprising the following steps:

[0081] During normal operation, centrifugal turbine compressors, blowers, and other equipment generate large amounts of oil fumes and oil mist to varying degrees. The centrifuge provides the suction required by the system, causing the oil fume and oil mist mixture to pass sequentially through the main pipe 101, connecting component 3, filter component 2, first connecting pipe 102, connecting component 3 again, second connecting pipe 103, exhaust fan 4, and exhaust pipe 104. The filter component 2 separates the oil droplets in the oil mist mixture and collects and merges them into larger oil droplets, which are then transported to the oil tank. The separated gas leaves the equipment under the suction generated by the exhaust fan 4.

[0082] When the filter assembly 2 separates the oil mist mixture, the drain layer 2011 maintains structural integrity when the filter element 201 is under pressure. The honeycomb structure further enhances the pressure resistance of the drain layer 2011. At the same time, the honeycomb channel provides a directional flow path for the separated oil, ensuring that the oil flows back to the oil tank efficiently.

[0083] The first protective layer 2012 absorbs the impact of oil mist through an elastic sponge structure, reducing mechanical wear between the coarse coalescing layer 2013 and the drainage layer 2011. The fluororubber coating enhances the adsorption capacity for oil droplets, assisting the coarse coalescing layer 2013 in completing the initial oil enrichment.

[0084] The coarse coalescing layer 2013 uses a porous structure of silicone fiber to efficiently capture oil droplets with a particle size ≥10μm through inertial collision and interception mechanisms. The coarse coalescing layer 2013 also serves as the first line of defense for oil mist filtration, reducing the processing load of subsequent coalescing layers.

[0085] The ventilation slots on the 2014 guide layer optimize the flow field distribution, eliminate local eddies, and ensure full contact between oil mist and coalescing layer. The elastic properties of fluororubber can buffer the airflow impact and maintain stable system pressure.

[0086] The fine coalescing layer 2015 uses a nanoscale fiber network with a porosity of <5% to achieve collision-coalescence-growth of oil droplets with a particle size of <1μm. The hydrophobic and oleophilic properties of silicon carbide ceramic fibers enable oil droplets to spread rapidly on the fiber surface and form a continuous liquid film. Under the action of gravity, the liquid film converges into oil droplets and falls into the flow guiding layer 2014.

[0087] The second protective layer 2016 uses the compression deformation properties of aerogel to fill the gap between the filter element 201 and the extrusion mechanism 207 during the extrusion process, preventing oil mist leakage.

[0088] Before replacing the filter assembly 2, the second solenoid valve in the second connecting pipe 103 is closed, and the first solenoid valve in the main pipe 101 is opened. The motor 203 rotates, causing the extrusion mechanism 207 to extrude the filter element 201 along the guide rod 206, thus conveying the residual oil in the filter element 201 to the oil tank. During the movement of the extrusion mechanism 207, the extrusion mechanism 207 contracts through the inner wall of the filter box 202. When replacing and installing the filter assembly 2, the position of the conveying pipe 302 is controlled by moving the sliding plate 308.

[0089] During installation, the delivery pipe 302 is moved into the first fixed pipe 301, so that the gas passes through the first fixed pipe 301 and then enters the second fixed pipe 303 along the delivery pipe 302. At the same time, since the length of the delivery pipe 302 is longer than that of the main board 306, and the outer surface of the delivery pipe 302 is fitted with a sealing ring, it is ensured that the gas will not leave the equipment through the sliding groove 310.

[0090] When the position of the delivery pipe 302 is moved, the end of the rocker 315 opposite to the moving position is pressed, which causes the round rod 318 to push the insertion rod 311 to retract, thereby unlocking the sliding plate 308, and the third spring 317 pushes the rocker 315 to reset it.

[0091] In Example 1, the exhaust fan 4 provides the suction required by the system, allowing the oil fumes and oil mist mixture generated by the centrifugal turbine compressor, blower, and other equipment to be discharged to the external environment or enter the exhaust gas purification device through the main pipe 101, connecting component 3, filter component 2, first connecting pipe 102, connecting component 3, second connecting pipe 103, exhaust fan 4, and exhaust pipe 104 in sequence. The filter component 2 separates the oil droplets in the oil mist mixture and collects and merges them to form larger oil droplets, which are then transported to the oil tank. The separated gas leaves the equipment along the suction generated by the exhaust fan 4. When the filter component 2 separates the oil mist mixture, the drain layer 2011 maintains structural integrity when the filter element 201 is under pressure. The honeycomb structure further enhances the pressure resistance of the drain layer 2011, while the honeycomb channel provides a directional flow path for the separated oil, ensuring that the oil flows back to the oil tank efficiently.

[0092] The first protective layer 2012 absorbs the impact of oil mist through an elastic sponge structure, reducing mechanical wear between the coarse coalescing layer 2013 and the drainage layer 2011. The fluororubber coating enhances the adsorption capacity for oil droplets, assisting the coarse coalescing layer 2013 in completing initial oil enrichment. The coarse coalescing layer 2013, employing a porous structure of silicone fibers, efficiently captures oil droplets with a particle size ≥10μm through inertial collision and interception mechanisms. The coarse coalescing layer 2013 also serves as the first line of defense for oil mist filtration, reducing the processing load on subsequent coalescing layers. The ventilation slots on the guide layer 2014 optimize the flow field distribution, eliminating local eddies and ensuring... The oil mist is in full contact with the coalescing layer. The elastic properties of fluororubber can buffer the airflow impact and maintain the stability of the system pressure. The fine coalescing layer 2015 achieves collision-coalescence-growth of oil droplets with a porosity of <5% through a nano-fiber network. The hydrophobic and oleophilic properties of silicon carbide ceramic fibers enable the oil droplets to spread rapidly on the fiber surface and form a continuous liquid film. Under the action of gravity, the liquid film converges into oil droplets and falls into the guide layer 2014. The second protective layer 2016 fills the gap between the filter element 201 and the extrusion mechanism 207 during the extrusion process through the compression deformation properties of aerogel, preventing oil mist leakage.

[0093] Before replacing filter assembly 2, the second solenoid valve in the second connecting pipe 103 is closed, and the first solenoid valve in the main pipe 101 is open. The motor 203 rotates, causing the extrusion mechanism 207 to extrude the filter element 201 along the guide rod 206, conveying the residual oil in the filter element 201 to the oil tank. During the movement of the extrusion mechanism 207, it contracts against the inner wall of the filter housing 202. When replacing and installing filter assembly 2, the position of the conveying pipe 302 is controlled by the sliding plate 308. The length of the conveying pipe 302 is longer than the main plate 306. During installation, the conveying pipe 302 is... 2. Move to the first fixed tube 301, so that the gas passes through the first fixed tube 301 and then enters the second fixed tube 303 along the conveying tube 302. At the same time, since the length of the conveying tube 302 is longer than that of the main board 306, and the outer surface of the conveying tube 302 is fitted with a sealing ring, it is ensured that the gas will not leave the equipment through the sliding groove 310. When the position of the conveying tube 302 is moved, by pressing the end of the rocker 315 opposite to the moving position, the round rod 318 pushes the insertion rod 311 to retract, thereby unlocking the sliding plate 308. The third spring 317 pushes the rocker 315 to reset it.

[0094] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fume and mist separation system, characterized by, include: The main structure includes a main pipe, a first connecting pipe, a second connecting pipe, and a smoke exhaust pipe, wherein the oil inlet end of the main pipe is connected to the oil mist generation source; A filter assembly, disposed within the main structure, includes a filter housing, a filter element, and a compression mechanism. The filter element has a conical structure and includes a drainage layer and multiple coalescing layers. The drainage layer is located at the bottom of the filter element and has a honeycomb structure. The compression mechanism includes a circular plate threadedly connected to a guide rod and multiple radially retractable sector plates. The guide rod is driven to rotate by a motor so that the compression mechanism compresses the filter element axially. Two connecting components are respectively disposed at both ends of the filter assembly. The connecting components include a first fixing pipe with an embedding groove and a second fixing pipe with an embedding ring. The embedding ring is interference-fitted with the embedding groove and is used to detachably connect the filter box to the main pipe and the first connecting pipe. The exhaust fan is equipped with an air outlet connected to the exhaust pipe; the exhaust fan is connected to the second connecting pipe and drives the oil mist airflow to pass through the main pipe, the filter assembly and the second connecting pipe in sequence and then be discharged through the exhaust pipe. The honeycomb structure of the drain layer extends at an angle to the axis of the main pipeline. When the system stops, the extrusion mechanism compresses the filter element, causing the residual oil to flow back through the honeycomb structure of the drain layer to the main pipeline and into the oil tank.

2. The fume and mist separation system of claim 1, wherein, The main pipeline is equipped with a first solenoid valve, and the second connecting pipe is equipped with a second solenoid valve. The first and second solenoid valves are controlled by a control unit to achieve the following operating modes: Disconnection mode: When the filter component needs to be disconnected from the system, the first and second solenoid valves close synchronously to cut off the input and output of oil mist airflow to the filter component; Drainage mode: When the system is shut down, the first solenoid valve opens and the second solenoid valve closes, allowing the residual oil generated by the compression mechanism of the filter element to flow back to the oil tank through the main pipeline.

3. A fume and mist separation system according to claim 2, wherein The filter element includes: The drainage layer, located at the bottom of the filter element, is made of honeycomb polyetheretherketone. A coarse agglomeration layer is disposed above the drainage layer, and is made of silicone fiber composite felt; A flow guiding layer is disposed above the coarse coalescing layer, and has uniformly distributed ventilation slots inside; A fine coalescing layer is disposed above the flow guiding layer, and is made of silicon carbide ceramic fiber felt with a porosity of less than 5%.

4. A fume and mist separation system according to claim 3, wherein The extrusion mechanism includes: A circular plate is threadedly connected to the guide rod. Multiple sector-shaped plates are slidably connected to the circular plate via support rods; A first spring is disposed within the receiving groove to buffer the radial contraction force of the sector plate.

5. A fume and mist separation system according to claim 4, wherein The connection component includes: The first and second fixed tubes are interference-fitted with the embedded ring through the embedded groove; The delivery tube is slidably disposed inside the second fixed tube and locked to the sliding plate by an insertion rod.

6. A fume and mist separation system according to claim 5, wherein The honeycomb structure of the drainage layer has a gradually decreasing pore size along the direction of oil flow.

7. A fume and mist separation system according to claim 6, wherein The ventilation slots of the flow guide layer are distributed radially, and the depth of the slots is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the height of the filter element.

8. A fume and mist separation system according to claim 7, wherein A polyurethane sponge protective layer with a fluororubber coating is provided between the coarse coalescing layer and the drainage layer.

9. A fume and mist separation system according to claim 8, wherein, The interference tolerance between the embedding groove and the embedding ring is 2mm, and the end of the conveying pipe is provided with a 60° guide slope.

10. An oil mist separation method of exhaust gas using the oil mist separation system according to claim 9, characterized by, Includes the following steps: S1: Oil mist gradient separation: Start the exhaust fan to drive the oil mist mixture through the main pipe, the first connecting pipe, the filter assembly, and the second connecting pipe in sequence, wherein: The oil mist mixture is sequentially passed through the coarse coalescing layer in the filter assembly, where oil droplets with a particle size ≥10μm are intercepted by inertial collision to form a primary liquid film. The radial ventilation grooves of the guide layer uniformly distribute the flow field and eliminate local eddies. Oil mist with a particle size <1μm is spread on the nanofiber surface of the fine coalescing layer to form a continuous liquid film and converge. The separated oil is directionally returned to the oil tank through the axial honeycomb channel of the drain layer, and the gas is discharged through the exhaust pipe. S2: Automatic drainage during shutdown: When the system stops running, close the second solenoid valve in the second connecting pipe and open the first solenoid valve in the main pipe at the same time; The start motor drives the guide rod to rotate, which in turn drives the threaded extrusion mechanism to compress the filter element axially, causing the fine coalescing layer and the second protective layer to deform under pressure. The residual oil is squeezed out and flows back to the oil tank through the honeycomb channel of the drain layer. S3: Quick Replacement of Filter Components: When the filter components need to be disassembled or installed, press one end of the rocker plate of the connecting component to make the round rod push the insertion rod to retract in the sliding groove, releasing the locking of the sliding plate; slide the conveying pipe along the moving groove to make the embedded ring disengage from the embedded groove of the first fixed tube, completing the disassembly or sealing installation of the filter components.

Images