Outdoor heat exchanger system based on environmental adaptation, modular design and stepped energy efficiency control

Abstract

The invention relates to an efficient modularized heat exchanger outdoor unit based on an environment adaptation and air distribution optimization technology. Through the structural design of a high-aperture-ratio semi-open type machine body frame, a positive-pressure air curtain formed by internal blowing and external discharging, an obliquely-arranged heat exchanger with vertical fins and a water collecting tank-free foundation with a drainage slope, attachment of pollutants such as dust and catkin is restrained, self-cleaning is achieved through wind and rain, and heat exchange performance attenuation and energy consumption increase caused by sewage blockage are remarkably reduced; the maintenance period is prolonged; and corrosion and secondary pollution are reduced. The system adopts a multi-modular design and an energy efficiency stepped optimization control strategy, and an independent module working in an optimal efficiency interval is started and stopped according to a real-time load, so that the pain point of efficiency attenuation of traditional frequency conversion equipment under a low load is effectively solved. The method has the characteristics of active pollution prevention, full-working-condition high efficiency, long-period maintenance-free property, high redundancy and the like, and is suitable for scenes such as data centers, refrigeration houses and the like which have strict requirements on energy efficiency and business continuity.

Description

1. Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of high-efficiency heat transfer and environmental adaptability equipment, specifically relating to an innovative outdoor heat exchanger unit that integrates active pollutant defense, passive natural force cleaning, and enhanced system heat dissipation. This invention can be widely applied to various heat exchange equipment with stringent requirements for operational reliability, energy efficiency ratio, and low maintenance, including but not limited to: residential and commercial air conditioning units, cold storage and cold chain refrigeration systems, data center cooling units, air source heat pump water heaters, and industrial process refrigeration equipment. 2. Background Technology

[0002] The outdoor unit of the heat exchanger is a core component of the thermal management system, and its performance directly affects the system's energy efficiency and operating costs. However, existing technologies have the following inherent drawbacks:

[0003] ● The structural design is not conducive to comprehensive heat dissipation: Most outdoor units use closed or semi-closed metal shells, which only provide forced ventilation for the heat exchanger. Other key heat-generating components such as the compressor and inverter are placed inside the shell, resulting in poor heat exchange conditions and limited heat dissipation capacity, leading to heat accumulation.

[0004] ● Pollutant clogging problem: Traditional outdoor air conditioners generally use a negative pressure air intake mode from the outside in. This mode is aerodynamically equivalent to a vacuum cleaner, actively and forcibly adsorbing pollutants such as dust, pollen, willow catkins, and insect corpses suspended in the air onto the windward side of the heat exchanger. Over time, pollutants will form a dense felt-like layer, severely clogging the airflow channels between the fins.

[0005] ● Cascading performance degradation: Blockage directly leads to a sharp increase in aerodynamic resistance and a drastic reduction in ventilation, causing a rapid decrease in the heat transfer coefficient (K-value) of the heat exchanger. This triggers a series of cascading negative effects: decreased cooling / heating capacity, abnormally high compressor discharge pressure / temperature, and a significant increase in system power consumption. Ultimately, this may cause equipment to frequently start and stop due to overheat protection. This not only severely shortens the lifespan of core components such as compressors but may also lead to catastrophic production accidents, such as cold storage defrosting or server shutdowns.

[0006] ● High-cost, high-risk maintenance: Currently, the only solution is regular manual cleaning. This method has many drawbacks:

[0007] ○ Risk of physical damage: The heat exchanger fins (mostly thin aluminum sheets of about 0.1mm) are extremely fragile. High-pressure water guns or improper brushing can easily cause them to collapse or deform over a large area, resulting in irreversible performance damage.

[0008] ○ Economic and Safety Costs: Regular maintenance itself requires labor and downtime costs. For equipment installed at heights, in suspended positions, or in other hazardous areas, the risks and costs of maintenance operations increase exponentially. Statistics show that in the United States alone, consumers spend over $10 billion annually on HVAC repair and maintenance.

[0009] ○ This is only a temporary solution: the fundamental nature of the vacuum cleaner remains unchanged, and the problem will inevitably reappear shortly after cleaning, leading to a vicious cycle of clogging-cleaning-clogging again.

[0010] ○ Secondary pollution and corrosion: The water collection tank at the bottom of the machine is designed to collect condensate, but it often becomes a sewage pool where dirt and grime accumulate. The accumulated acidic rainwater and organic matter not only breed mold and emit odors, but also continuously corrode the casing and base.

[0011] ● The Efficiency Trap Under Most Loads: Even with current mainstream variable frequency (VFD) speed control technology, although it solves the problem of frequent start-stop of fixed frequency units, its compressors and fans have an inherent physical defect that is difficult to overcome: fixed-volume configuration vs. variable flow rate. Because the configuration is fixed, the compressor or fan can only perform efficiently within 70%-100% of its rated load range. Once the load rate drops below 60% (for example, during the transitional season or at night, which accounts for most of the year), its operating efficiency will drop significantly.

[0012] Therefore, achieving efficient operation across all working conditions and throughout the entire lifecycle remains a deep-seated challenge that existing technologies have failed to address. The market urgently needs a revolutionary technological solution that is immune to contamination from the design stage, boasts high thermal efficiency, and enables long-term or even full-lifecycle maintenance-free operation. 3. Summary of the Invention

[0013] 3.1 Purpose of the Invention

[0014] This invention aims to provide an outdoor heat exchanger unit through systematic design innovation, which proactively defends against pollutants, utilizes natural forces for self-cleaning, and achieves high-efficiency heat exchange and a long lifespan, solving the performance degradation, high energy consumption, and frequent maintenance problems caused by fouling in traditional equipment. Its core objectives include:

[0015] ● Improve overall heat exchange efficiency and reduce operating energy consumption;

[0016] ● Achieve zero-cost self-cleaning by utilizing natural forces such as wind and rain;

[0017] ● Shifting from passive suction and blockage to active prevention and blockage, significantly reducing pollutant adhesion;

[0018] ● Ensure the highest system availability and business continuity for critical application scenarios;

[0019] ●Enhancing environmental adaptability and weather resistance, achieving low or no maintenance throughout the entire life cycle, significantly reducing user operating costs.

[0020] 3.2 Technical Solution

[0021] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0022] 1. Semi-open frame and global heat dissipation

[0023] This invention employs a protective shield structure with a high open area ratio (≥75%), breaking through the traditional closed-loop design of the casing and achieving "comprehensive and coordinated heat dissipation." In traditional units, only the heat exchanger is forcibly ventilated, while key heat-generating components such as the compressor and inverter are enclosed within the casing. The semi-open frame of this invention fully exposes these heat-generating components to the external atmosphere, significantly improving the overall heat dissipation efficiency of the unit.

[0024] ○ Enhanced convective heat transfer: External natural wind and fan-driven airflow can directly sweep over the surfaces of compressors, motors, etc., increasing the convective heat transfer coefficient to 2-3 times that of traditional enclosed models.

[0025] ○ Increased radiative heat transfer: All heat-generating components can radiate heat to the surrounding environment without obstruction, effectively increasing the total heat dissipation area of ​​the entire machine.

[0026] ○ High-efficiency heat dissipation with aluminum alloy: All functional components, such as compressors and electrical components, use aluminum alloy or other metal shells with high thermal conductivity. Compared with traditional materials, its thermal conductivity is greatly increased, essentially acting as a heat exchanger and increasing effective heat exchange capacity.

[0027] ○ The high-aperture protective cover effectively blocks foreign objects from entering the fan and heat exchanger, improving environmental adaptability. Through this design, the operating temperature of core components is effectively reduced, improving the energy efficiency ratio, and delaying the deterioration of lubricating oil and the aging of insulation materials, significantly extending the equipment life.

[0028] 2. Inclined self-cleaning heat exchanger utilizing natural forces

[0029] The heat exchanger (2) is installed at an angle of 15° to 60° relative to the horizontal plane. This angle range is the optimal range that ensures that dry particles are difficult to stay under the action of gravity, and maximizes the rain-receiving area. Gravity guides rainwater to form a uniform clean water curtain, which deeply washes the fin surface and achieves efficient self-cleaning.

[0030] 3. Vertical fin layout and optimized geometry

[0031] The heat exchanger (2) has an array of heat dissipation fins that are perpendicular to the ground. This design fundamentally solves the problem of dust accumulation in traditional horizontal fins, providing an unobstructed gravity-driven channel for all particles and water droplets. To further improve performance, the heat exchanger surface (fin configuration) can adopt a multi-dimensional geometry optimized by hydrodynamics, such as arrowhead or sinusoidal wave shapes. These nonlinear configurations enhance convective heat transfer efficiency while effectively reducing the adhesion rate of pollutants. In addition, a chamfer of 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm is provided at the bottom of the fins to break the surface tension of water and prevent droplet retention.

[0032] 4. Design of foundation without water collection tank and sewage discharge

[0033] This unit completely eliminates the traditional bottom-mounted water collection tank. All condensate and rainwater flowing over the unit's surface drips directly onto the foundation after heat exchange or cleaning. To ensure complete wastewater drainage, the installation foundation for this outdoor unit is designed as a non-horizontal surface with a drainage angle of 3°–6°. This design fundamentally eliminates secondary pollution problems such as corrosion and mold growth caused by water accumulation in the collection tank.

[0034] 5. Externally blowing positive pressure air curtain anti-fouling technology

[0035] One of the core innovations of this invention lies in its disruptive airflow organization. The fan assembly (3) is located inside the heat exchanger (2) and is configured to force airflow from the inside out. This mode forms a continuous and stable positive pressure air curtain, or "air shield," on the outer surface of the heat exchanger.

[0036] ○Working principle: Based on the principles of fluid mechanics, the dynamic pressure of this air curtain (designed wind speed is usually between 1.5m / s and 3.5m / s) is sufficient to aerodynamically deflect and deflect most airborne pollutants (such as sand, dust, pollen, and willow catkins) that attempt to approach the heat exchanger surface, thus preventing them from adhering at the source.

[0037] ○ Uniform airflow guidance: To ensure uniform and efficient positive pressure air curtain, the fan assembly (3) has an optimized air duct inside, which can regulate the airflow and guide it evenly to the entire heat exchanger surface, avoid heat exchange dead zones, and maximize anti-blocking and heat exchange efficiency.

[0038] ○Multi-mode operation: The control system can execute a regular suppression mode, or briefly increase the fan speed to a pulse enhancement mode during specific periods (such as in conjunction with rainfall) to blow off attached dry dust or enhance the kinetic energy of rainwater rinsing.

[0039] 6. All-weather weather-resistant design and high-level electrical protection

[0040] To match the fully exposed open design, this machine has undergone systematic reinforcement in terms of materials and protection:

[0041] ○ Corrosion-resistant material system: All exposed parts of the machine are made of corrosion-resistant metal, preferably 316L stainless steel or anodized aluminum alloy, to resist salt spray, acid rain and ultraviolet radiation. At the same time, the materials are treated with hydrophobic surface to enhance their environmental adaptability and ensure high performance throughout their life cycle.

[0042] ○ High-level electrical protection: All electrical components (5) are housed in aluminum alloy shells with good thermal conductivity and are sealed or potted to a rating of not less than IP65 to ensure waterproof and dustproof protection. The aluminum alloy shells also form an electromagnetic shielding cavity and are equipped with surge / lightning protection devices to comprehensively improve the electrical reliability of the system.

[0043] 7. Intelligent environmental adaptation and enhanced heat transfer

[0044] This invention can intelligently adapt to and utilize environmental conditions:

[0045] ○ Rainwater enhances heat exchange: When it rains, rainwater is directly sprayed onto the surface of heat-generating components (such as compressors, radiator fins, and various electrical components), utilizing the fact that water has a much higher heat transfer coefficient and latent heat of vaporization than air to achieve efficient auxiliary heat dissipation.

[0046] ○ Intelligent Snow Melting and De-icing: When sensors detect the risk of snow accumulation or icing, the control system will activate the alternating defrosting mode. The system temporarily shuts down the heating function of some modules, using their own heat pump circulation for reverse defrosting to quickly melt the snow and ice, while the remaining modules continue to operate, ensuring uninterrupted heating / cooling supply.

[0047] 8. Modular combination and flexible configuration

[0048] To address the fundamental problem of a sharp decline in the energy efficiency ratio of a single large compressor under partial load, this invention introduces a modular design concept. The entire unit consists of multiple standardized, independent "heat pump modules." These modules can be flexibly combined into various high-efficiency physical configurations according to the total capacity requirements.

[0049] ○A-type configuration: The two modules are arranged in an "A" shape, which is compact and has high aerodynamic efficiency.

[0050] ○W-type configuration: Composed of 3 or more modules in a “W” or wave shape, suitable for large-capacity units.

[0051] ○ Multi-layer stacking configuration: In situations where floor space is limited, multiple modules are stacked vertically.

[0052] ○Combined configurations: The above configurations can be flexibly combined to adapt to complex installation environments.

[0053] 9. Energy Efficiency Tiered Optimization Control Strategy

[0054] The core of the control logic of this invention lies in its "step-by-step" start-stop strategy, which ensures that the operating unit is always at its most efficient operating point. Its scientific principle lies in the ingenious use of "discrete combination of high-efficiency zones" to replace "continuous adjustment of low-efficiency zones".

[0055] ○ Operating Condition Analysis: Taking a cooling capacity requirement of 100RT as an example, under the common operating condition of only requiring 25% load (i.e., 25RT):

[0056] ■ Traditional single-unit inverter system: The 100RT compressor is reduced to 25% of its output, and its efficiency is significantly reduced (for example, COP drops from the peak of 6.0 to 3.3).

[0057] ■ The four-module system of the present invention: the controller starts only one 25RT module and makes it operate at the highest efficiency point (e.g., COP of 5.9) at 100% rated load.

[0058] Conclusion: Under these common operating conditions, the present invention saves up to 44% more energy than traditional advanced frequency conversion solutions.

[0059] This is an example and not a performance limitation.

[0060] 10. Universal Standard Interface Design

[0061] All major functional components (frame, heat exchanger, fan, compressor, etc.) adopt a universal standard interface design, which facilitates the selection of high-performance parts, simplifies production and assembly, and makes maintenance and replacement more convenient and economical.

[0062] 11. Recommendations for Key Design Parameters

[0063] ○ Heat exchanger tilt angle θ: 15°—60°

[0064] ○Type A configuration angle α: 50°—110°

[0065] ○ Number of modules n: 2-8 (preferably 2, 3, 4, 6, 8)

[0066] ○ Interlayer clearance: L≥60mm (preferably 80-150mm)

[0067] ○ Module lateral clearance: H≥120mm (preferably 160-300mm)

[0068] 3.3 Beneficial Effects

[0069] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are revolutionary, specifically reflected in:

[0070] 1. Proactive defense, near maintenance-free: Positive pressure air curtain blocks most of the pollution at the source. Combined with wind and rain self-cleaning, the manual maintenance cycle is extended from the traditional 1-2 times per year to once every 2-4 years. In most environments, it can achieve full life cycle maintenance-free.

[0071] 2. High efficiency and self-cleaning, constant performance: effectively slows down the fouling process, allowing the heat exchanger to maintain optimal heat exchange performance for a long time and avoids performance degradation year by year.

[0072] 3. Enhanced heat exchange efficiency and significant energy savings: The open architecture and all-area heat dissipation design improve the overall heat exchange efficiency of the unit by 5%-15% compared to traditional models of the same specifications.

[0073] 4. Reliable structure and extended lifespan: The use of anti-corrosion materials and the absence of a water collection tank eliminate corrosion sources; the full-area heat dissipation reduces the operating temperature of core components, effectively extending the equipment's lifespan.

[0074] 5. Strong environmental adaptability: It exhibits unparalleled adaptability to harsh environments such as willow catkins, sandstorms, salt spray, and humid and rainy conditions.

[0075] 6. Standardized design, easy to promote: The universal standard interface design effectively reduces production, installation and maintenance costs.

[0076] 7. Stepped energy efficiency optimization for high-efficiency operation under all conditions: This invention completely solves the fundamental problem of low efficiency in traditional large-scale variable frequency units during low and medium load periods (accounting for more than 70% of the annual operating time). Compared to operating a 100kW compressor in the inefficient 25kW range, this invention starts a 25kW compressor in the 100% high-efficiency range, resulting in revolutionary energy savings.

[0077] 8. High Redundancy and Reliability: The multi-module system provides extremely high operational redundancy. The failure of a single module will not paralyze the entire system, greatly improving system reliability. For applications such as data centers, cold storage facilities, and precision manufacturing, downtime for any reason can lead to catastrophic losses far exceeding the value of the equipment itself. This "N+1" or "N+X" redundancy capability meets the stringent requirements of these scenarios for 99.99% or even higher availability, providing a solid physical guarantee for the continuity of users' core assets and business operations. 4. Description of the attached drawings

[0078] Figure 1 : Overall oblique view structural diagram, showing the spatial layout of the open frame (1), the inclined heat exchanger (2), the vertical fins, the fan assembly (3) mounted inside, the compressor (4), and the electrical components (5) with an aluminum alloy shell.

[0079] Figure 2: Side view airflow path diagram, showing the relative position of the fan assembly (3) and the heat exchanger (2). The airflow from the inside to the outside forms a positive pressure air curtain on the outside of the heat exchanger and deflects the pollutants.

[0080] Figure 3 : Schematic diagram of heat exchanger surface geometry: vertical fins, bottom chamfer, and straight / arrowhead / sine wave configuration.

[0081] Figure 4 : Wind and rain coordinated self-cleaning diagram: Rainwater forms a water curtain on the inclined fins, and dirt is discharged with the water flow and gravity. The foundation inclination angle ensures no residue.

[0082] Figure 5 : A schematic diagram of heat convection and heat radiation, showing the airflow passing over heat-generating components such as the compressor (4), motor and frequency converter, as well as the heat radiation process of the components to the environment.

[0083] Figure 6 : A schematic diagram of a multi-module A-type configuration, showing two independent heat pump modules (each module includes a heat exchanger 2, a fan assembly 3, and a compressor 4) arranged back-to-back at an angle, sharing a common central air intake space. The air intake / exhaust of the unoperated module is closed.

[0084] Figure 7 : A schematic diagram of a multi-module W-type configuration, showing the form composed of four independent heat pump modules, suitable for larger capacity equipment.

[0085] Figure 8 : A schematic diagram of a multi-module stacked configuration, showing multiple independent heat pump modules installed in layers in the vertical direction to save floor space.

[0086] Figure 9 Energy efficiency curve comparison diagram.

[0087] [Explanation of Labels in the Attached Image]

[0088] (1) Airframe; (2) Heat exchanger; (3) Fan assembly; (4) Compressor; (5) Electrical components 5. Detailed Implementation

[0089] For example:

[0090] Structural Design: The frame (1) is made of 316L stainless steel. The heat exchanger (2) has an arrowhead-shaped surface, is installed at a 45° angle, and has 0.12mm thick hydrophobic aluminum foil fins that are perpendicular to the ground with a 1.5mm chamfer at the bottom. The fan assembly (3) uses a variable frequency fan with an air duct to guide airflow and form a uniform 1.5-3.5m / s positive pressure air curtain. The compressor (4) is a fully enclosed scroll type with a hydrophobic finish on its aluminum alloy shell. All electrical components (5) and their connectors are sealed aluminum alloy shells with multiple seals (sealing rings / potting compound) to achieve IP65–IP68 rating. The power inlet is equipped with a surge protector and is equipotentially connected to the frame.

[0091] Control: While meeting load and comfort requirements, prioritize the activation of the minimum number of modules and ensure they operate in the high-efficiency range, fine-tuning the speed as necessary; based on temperature, humidity, frost, and wind speed sensor signals, alternate between defrosting and pulse cleaning to ensure continuous output from at least one module.

[0092] Performance verification test:

[0093] We conducted a comparative test between a prototype A-type unit consisting of four 25RT modules (total capacity 100RT) and a traditional single-compressor inverter outdoor unit of the same specifications.

[0094] ●Anti-clogging test: Continuously blowing a concentration of 5g / m³ into the chamber... 3 The simulation involved a mixture of willow catkins and leaves. After 24 hours of operation, the conventional model's heat exchanger showed over 60% blockage on the windward side, resulting in a 40% decrease in airflow; while the prototype's heat exchanger surface only had dust adhering to it, with no long, fluffy particles or leaves attached, and the airflow decrease was less than 8%. The active anti-blocking efficiency exceeded 80%.

[0095] ●Self-cleaning test: Two devices that were pre-contaminated (sprayed with mud and dried) were subjected to simulated rainfall (10 mm / h) for 30 minutes. After the test, the surface cleanliness of the heat exchanger of the prototype of this invention was restored to over 90%, while traditional models still had a large area of ​​dirt residue.

[0096] ●Graded energy efficiency test: Simulate different load demands throughout the year on a standard test platform.

[0097] ○ At 100% full load, the COP of a conventional unit is 6.0, while that of the prototype of this invention is 5.9.

[0098] At 25% load, the COP of a conventional unit drops to 3.3, consuming 26.6kW of electricity; the prototype of this invention only starts one module, and the COP stabilizes at 5.9, consuming 14.9kW of electricity, saving 44% of energy.

[0099] ○The above data are results under specific prototype operating conditions and are for illustrative purposes only, not for limitation.

[0100] ●Reliability and lifespan testing: In accelerated aging tests, the prototype of this invention showed a significant improvement in mean time between failures (MTBF) and availability compared to traditional models due to its effective physical protection, better component heat dissipation conditions, and modular redundancy design.

[0101] These data fully demonstrate that the design integrated in this invention constitutes the core technological barrier of its high efficiency, maintenance-free operation, and long lifespan under all working conditions.

[0102] The above description is merely one of a series of preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or application extensions made by those skilled in the art within the core spirit and principles disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0103] in conclusion

[0104] This invention proposes a highly efficient and reliable outdoor heat exchanger unit by combining modular, tiered energy efficiency control with innovative environmental adaptability design. It not only fundamentally solves the inefficiency problem of traditional variable frequency equipment under partial load conditions that account for most of the year through tiered energy efficiency control, achieving a significant reduction in overall annual energy consumption; but also, through an open protective architecture made of all-corrosion-resistant metal, multi-mode optimized airflow with built-in air ducts, and an environmental adaptability system with multiple electrical protections, it achieves a comprehensive breakthrough in economy, reliability, and environmental adaptability while improving heat dissipation efficiency, possessing great potential to become the industry benchmark for next-generation high-efficiency heat exchange equipment.

Claims

1. A self-cleaning high-efficiency heat exchanger outdoor unit, comprising a body frame (1), a heat exchanger (2), a fan assembly (3), a compressor (4) and electrical components (5), characterized in that: a) the body frame (1) is a high-openness semi-open protective structure with a comprehensive open ratio ≥ 75%, balancing natural ventilation and mechanical protection; b) the fan assembly (3) is arranged inside the heat exchanger (2), and the airflow forms a positive pressure air curtain on the outer surface of the heat exchanger to suppress the attachment of pollutants; c) the heat exchanger (2) is installed at an angle of 15°-60° relative to the horizontal, with the fin surface perpendicular to the ground and a chamfer at the bottom of the fin to facilitate the removal of rainwater and particulate matter; d) the bottom of the body is free of a water collection tank, allowing liquid to drip directly from the surface of the components to the foundation; e) the outdoor unit installation foundation has a drainage inclination of 3°-6°.

2. The outdoor unit according to claim 1, wherein The average face wind speed of the positive pressure air curtain corresponding to the heat exchanger (2) is 1.5-3.5 m / s, and the coverage area is not less than 90% of the windward surface.

3. The outdoor unit according to claim 1, wherein The fan assembly (3) blows air axially towards the heat exchanger and is equipped with an air guide / rectifying member to evenly distribute the airflow and reduce local heat accumulation.

4. The outdoor unit according to claim 1, wherein The high-openness protective cover can prevent foreign matter from entering the fan impeller area.

5. The outdoor unit according to claim 1, wherein All exposed structural members and functional component housings of the outdoor unit are made of corrosion-resistant metal materials.

6. The outdoor unit according to claim 5, wherein The corrosion-resistant metal is austenitic stainless steel or anodized aluminum alloy.

7. The outdoor unit according to claim 5, wherein The metal surface is treated with a hydrophobic surface to facilitate drainage, heat dissipation and corrosion resistance.

8. The outdoor unit according to claim 1, wherein All electrical components and electrical components (5) use aluminum alloy housings and are sealed or filled with a seal of not less than IP65, preferably IP66-IP68, and have surge / lightning protection and electromagnetic interference shielding capability.

9. The outdoor unit according to claim 1, wherein The surface of the heat exchanger (2) is flat or multi-dimensional geometric configuration, including arrow-shaped, sinusoidal, etc.

10. The outdoor unit according to claim 1, wherein The chamfer at the bottom of the fin of the heat exchanger (2) is 0.5-1.5 mm.

11. The outdoor unit according to claim 1, wherein The body frame (1), heat exchanger (2), fan assembly (3), compressor (4) and electrical components (5) are designed with universal standard interfaces.

12. The outdoor unit according to claim 1, wherein The outdoor unit contains at least two independent heat pump modules, each module consisting of a heat exchanger (2), a fan assembly (3) and a compressor (4), and each module can have any one or more of the features of claims 1-11.

13. The outdoor unit according to claim 12, wherein The multiple independent heat pump modules are combined in at least one of the following configurations: a) A type: two modules of heat exchanger (2) are oppositely inclined to form an "A" shape, and the fan assembly (3) is located inside each heat exchanger to suck in from the central area and blow outwards; b) W type: three or more modules are connected in parallel to form a wave or "W" shape; c) Multi-layer stacking: multiple modules are stacked vertically to form one or more columns; d) Any combination of the above configurations.

14. The outdoor unit according to claim 12 or 13, characterized by The outdoor unit is equipped with an energy efficiency ladder optimization control system, which adjusts the number of modules in operation according to the real-time heat load, so that the running modules are preferentially in their designed optimal efficiency range (e.g. 80%-100% of rated load), and the modules are avoided to be in the low efficiency range below 50% of rated load.

15. An outdoor unit according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized by The control system also integrates environmental sensing and adaptive functions, according to temperature, humidity, frost and other sensing signals, defrost and self-cleaning are alternately performed, and at least one module continuously supplies cold / heat to ensure uninterrupted service.

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