Fusion antenna

Abstract

The invention provides a fusion antenna, and relates to the technical field of antennas. The fusion antenna comprises a Vivaldi type antenna unit and a TEM horn radiation unit. An open slot line is arranged on a polar plate of the Vivaldi type antenna unit; the size of the open slot line is the same as that of radiation polar plates which are symmetrically distributed based on a central axis in the TEM horn radiation unit; a feed end of a radiation polar plate in the TEM horn radiation unit is inserted into the Vivaldi type antenna unit along the open slot line, and a radiation end extends out of the open slot line; and the center line of the radiation polar plate in the TEM horn radiation unit is overlapped with the open slot line. According to the invention, the Vivaldi-type antenna and the TEM horn radiation antenna are fused, the advantages of the Vivaldi-type antenna and the TEM horn radiation antenna are combined, the transmission stability is high, and the broadband coverage capability is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of antennas, and in particular to a fusion antenna. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the fields of ultra-wideband electromagnetic detection, wireless communication and electromagnetic pulse testing, the demand for the wide-band coverage capability, low standing wave ratio characteristic, high radiation stability and waveform fidelity of antennas is increasingly urgent. For example, in the scenario of ultra-wideband electromagnetic detection, an antenna is required to accurately capture a wide-band electromagnetic signal of 0.18-15 GHz; in the scenario of wireless communication, an antenna is required to realize high-speed data transmission in the frequency band; and in the scenario of electromagnetic pulse testing, an antenna is required to provide a stable radiation field to ensure the accuracy of testing.

[0003] Transverse electromagnetic wave (TEM) horn antennas and viola antennas are widely used in this field. Although the TEM horn antenna has strong transmission stability, its wide-band coverage range is limited. The viola antenna can realize efficient radiation and transmission of electromagnetic waves in a wide frequency band through the continuous and gradual design of the slot line, and can achieve a wide frequency spectrum coverage relying on the impedance smooth transition characteristic of the gradual slot line. However, the low-frequency current in the slot line has a short transmission path, and the energy is difficult to fully radiate, resulting in low low-frequency radiation efficiency. SUMMARY

[0004] Embodiments of the present application provide a fusion antenna to solve the problems of insufficient wide-band coverage and low low-frequency radiation efficiency of existing antennas.

[0005] Embodiments of the present application provide a fusion antenna, comprising: a viola antenna unit and a TEM horn radiation unit. An open slot line is arranged on the polar plate of the viola antenna unit; the size of the open slot line is the same as the size of the radiation polar plate in the TEM horn radiation unit which is symmetrically distributed based on the central axis; The feeding end of the radiation polar plate in the TEM horn radiation unit is inserted into the viola antenna unit along the open slot line, and the radiation end extends out of the open slot line. The center line of the radiation polar plate in the TEM horn radiation unit coincides with the open slot line.

[0006] In a possible implementation, the spacing between the radiation polar plates gradually increases in an exponential form from the feeding end to the radiation end of the radiation polar plates.

[0007] In a possible implementation, the radiation polar plates comprise a first radiation polar plate and a second radiation polar plate. The profiles of the first radiation polar plate and the second radiation polar plate gradually increase in an exponential form from the corresponding feeding end to the radiation end, respectively.

[0008] In a possible implementation, the polar plate of the Vivaldi antenna unit comprises a first polar plate and a second polar plate; The first polar plate and the second polar plate are in the same plane; and the second polar plate is provided with an open slot line; The first polar plate and the second polar plate have a gap structure therebetween, and the gap structure forms a coupling space with the first polar plate and the second polar plate to adjust the coupling characteristics of the fusion antenna.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the gap structure is in an elliptical ring shape.

[0010] In a possible implementation, the first polar plate and the second polar plate of the Vivaldi antenna unit are provided with a coupling slot line therebetween; The gap structure is symmetrically distributed on the polar plate corresponding to the coupling slot line; The TEM horn radiation unit is connected to the coupling slot line in the Vivaldi antenna unit along the open slot line.

[0011] In a possible implementation, the first polar plate is further provided with a slot line resonant cavity and a feeding port; The TEM horn radiation unit is connected to the slot line resonant cavity through the feeding port.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the feeding port is a discrete port; and the spacing between the feeding ports is equal to the spacing between the coupling slot lines.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the first radiation polar plate and the second radiation polar plate symmetrically distributed in the TEM horn radiation unit correspond to the radiation ends, respectively loaded with a metal plate; The width of the metal plate is the same as the width of the radiation end corresponding to the first radiation polar plate and the second radiation polar plate; and the thickness of the metal plate is the same as the thickness of the radiation polar plate.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the metal plate is in a rectangular shape.

[0015] In the embodiment of the present application, the Vivaldi antenna and the TEM horn radiating antenna are fused, the advantages of the Vivaldi antenna and the TEM horn radiating antenna are combined, strong transmission stability is provided, and the wide frequency coverage capability is increased. Specifically, by inserting the TEM horn radiating unit into the Vivaldi antenna unit along the open slot line, the obtained fusion antenna has the wide frequency coverage capability of the Vivaldi antenna. For the problem that the low frequency current transmission path in the slot line is short, the energy is difficult to fully radiate, and the low frequency radiation efficiency is low due to the limitation of the polar plate size of the Vivaldi antenna, the fusion antenna is extended in the embodiment of the present application, the radiation end of the TEM horn radiating antenna is extended to the outside of the open slot line, the radiation aperture of the fusion antenna is increased, the transmission path is extended, and the low frequency radiation efficiency is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the fusion antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the fusion antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is a top view of the fusion antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 is a partial enlarged view of the fusion antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 is a detector setting position diagram of the fusion antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 is a time domain waveform component diagram provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 is an S 11 parameter simulation result diagram provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 8a is an e-plane pattern diagram of the fusion antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 8b is an h-plane pattern diagram of the fusion antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 9a is a Smith chart diagram of the TEM horn antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 9b is a Smith chart diagram of the fusion antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 10a is a current diagram of the fusion antenna without coupling space when the frequency point is 12GHz; Figure 10b is a current diagram of the fusion antenna with coupling space when the frequency point is 12GHz. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a fusion antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in the figure, the fusion antenna comprises a Vivaldi antenna unit and a TEM horn radiation unit. Figure 1

[0019] An open slot line A20 is arranged on the polar plate A10 of the Vivaldi antenna unit; the size of the open slot line A20 is the same as that of the radiation polar plate B10 in the TEM horn radiation unit which is symmetrically distributed based on the central axis.

[0020] The feeding end of the radiation polar plate B10 in the TEM horn radiation unit is inserted into the Vivaldi antenna unit along the open slot line A20, and the radiation end extends out of the open slot line A20.

[0021] The center line of the radiation polar plate B10 in the TEM horn radiation unit coincides with the open slot line A20.

[0022] In this embodiment, in order to distinguish the structure between the Vivaldi antenna unit and the TEM horn radiation unit, the structure with the mark A in each figure represents the structure in the Vivaldi antenna unit, and the structure with the mark B represents the structure in the TEM horn radiation unit.

[0023] The size of the open slot line A20 is the same as that of the radiation polar plate B10 in the TEM horn radiation unit which is symmetrically distributed based on the central axis, which means that the size of the open slot line A20 is a gradual change structure from inside to outside, and the rate of the gradual change is consistent with that of the radiation polar plate B10, which is to ensure that the TEM horn radiation unit and the Vivaldi antenna unit can be completely connected after the feeding end of the radiation polar plate B10 in the TEM horn radiation unit is inserted into the Vivaldi antenna unit along the open slot line A20. In addition, in order to ensure the radiation quality during use and the balance of the fusion antenna, the center line of the radiation polar plate B10 coincides with the open slot line A20.

[0024] Through this combination, the obtained fusion antenna has the priority of the Vivaldi antenna, can overcome the problem of the limitation of the wideband coverage range of the TEM horn radiation antenna, and has the wide frequency coverage capability.

[0025] The conventional Vivaldi antenna has a short transmission path, and the energy is difficult to fully radiate, so the low-frequency radiation efficiency is low. If this problem is to be solved, the transmission path of the Vivaldi antenna needs to be lengthened, but since the Vivaldi antenna belongs to a coplanar wideband antenna, in the case of lengthening the transmission path, the volume will inevitably be increased, which not only is not convenient to use, but also increases the cost.

[0026] ​To solve this problem, the embodiment inserts the feeding end of the radiating plate B10 in the TEM horn radiating unit into the open slot line A20 in the Vivaldi antenna unit, and extends the radiating end of the radiating plate B10 out of the open slot line A20. By extending the length of the radiating plate B10, without changing or reducing the length of the plate A10 in the Vivaldi antenna unit, the size of the plate A10 can be increased without increasing the size of the plate A10.

[0027] Therefore, the fusion antenna provided in the embodiment is not a simple combination of the Vivaldi antenna and the TEM horn radiating antenna. First, to fully fuse the Vivaldi antenna and the TEM horn radiating antenna, the embodiment makes the size of the open slot line A20 in the Vivaldi antenna unit the same as the size of the radiating plate B10 in the TEM horn radiating unit, in which case the two can be perfectly combined to form a whole, so that the Vivaldi antenna unit can fully play its wide frequency coverage capability. In view of the short transmission path of the Vivaldi antenna unit, the embodiment extends the radiating plate B10 in the TEM horn radiating unit out of the open slot line A20, increases the transmission path of the fusion antenna, and increases the radiating aperture of the fusion antenna to improve the low frequency radiation efficiency.

[0028] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional view of the fusion antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application, Figure 3 is a top view of the fusion antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application. The following will be described in detail in combination with Figure 2 and Figure 3 the structure of the fusion antenna.

[0029] In an optional embodiment, the distance between the radiating plates B10 gradually increases in an exponential form from the feeding end to the radiating end of the radiating plate B10.

[0030] In the embodiment, the distance between the radiating plates B10 gradually increases in an exponential form based on a first exponential function. That is, the distance between the first radiating plate B11 and the second radiating plate B12 gradually increases in an exponential form based on an exponential function.

[0031] Correspondingly, to match the size of the radiating plate B10, the distance between the first open slot line A21 and the second open slot line A22 in the open slot line A20 in the Vivaldi antenna unit also increases in an exponential form based on a first exponential function.

[0032] In which, the center line of the first radiating plate B11 coincides with the first open slot line A21, and the second radiating plate B12 coincides with the second open slot line A22.

[0033] Optionally, the first exponential function can be expressed as:

[0034] The function indicates that the interval between the radiation plates B10 complies with the first exponential function in the y-axis; wherein y represents the size of the radiation plates B10 in the x-axis direction perpendicular to the antenna axis, i.e. the interval; c and d are exponential parameters, and the values of c and d can be 1.2559 and 0.0175 respectively; and x represents the coordinate along the antenna axis.

[0035] In this way, the interval between the radiation plates B10 forms a transmission channel of the fusion antenna to ensure that the transmission path is long enough.

[0036] In an optional embodiment, the profiles of the first radiation plate B11 and the second radiation plate B12 gradually increase based on an exponential form from the feeding end to the radiation end.

[0037] In the embodiment, the first radiation plate B11 and the second radiation plate B12 in the radiation plates B10 have the same size, and correspondingly, the profiles of the first radiation plate B11 and the second radiation plate B12 gradually increase based on the second exponential function from the feeding end to the radiation end.

[0038] That is, the width of the first radiation plate B11 and the second radiation plate B12 complies with the second exponential function in the z-axis.

[0039] Correspondingly, the second exponential function is expressed as:

[0040] In the expression, z represents the size of the first radiation plate B11 and the second radiation plate B12 in the direction perpendicular to the axis direction; a and b are exponential parameters, and the values of a and b can be 8.2 and 0.007 respectively.

[0041] In the first exponential function and the second exponential function, the value range of x is 0-300, and the unit is mm. Through this design, the S 11 parameters, i.e. the return loss characteristics, meet the impedance matching requirements.

[0042] Through the above gradual change design, the fusion antenna can realize impedance smooth transition, reduce the standing wave ratio, reduce signal reflection, and widen the working bandwidth, improve the low-frequency radiation efficiency and stability. It can also ensure stable transmission and improve waveform fidelity.

[0043] It should be noted here that the first radiation plate B11 and the second radiation plate B12 in the top view include overlapping connection parts with the first open slot line A21 and the second open slot line A22, so Figure 3The first radiating electrode B11 and the second radiating electrode B12 are not merely portions that extend beyond the first opening groove line A21 and the second opening groove line A22. The first radiating electrode B11 and the second radiating electrode B12 include portions that overlap with the first opening groove line A21 and the second opening groove line A22, and portions that extend beyond the first opening groove line A21 and the second opening groove line A22.

[0044] In an optional embodiment, the pole plate A10 of the Vivaldi-type antenna element includes a first pole plate A11 and a second pole plate A12.

[0045] The first electrode plate A11 and the second electrode plate A12 are on the same plane; the second electrode plate A12 is provided with an open groove line A20.

[0046] A gap structure A30 exists between the first electrode A11 and the second electrode A12. The gap structure A30 forms a coupling space with the first electrode A11 and the second electrode A12 to adjust the coupling characteristics of the fused antenna.

[0047] Traditional Vivaldi antennas are prone to impedance abrupt changes due to limitations imposed by the gradient rate of the slot line A20 and the size of the electrode plate A10, leading to impedance mismatch. To address this issue, this embodiment divides the single electrode plate A10 of a traditional Vivaldi antenna into a first electrode plate A11 and a second electrode plate A12, with a gap structure A30 between them. This gap structure A30 forms a coupling space with the first and second electrodes A11 and A12. This configuration effectively adjusts the coupling characteristics of the fused antenna, altering the current distribution and transmission path, thereby optimizing the impedance matching and radiation performance of the fused antenna. This ensures good performance across a wide frequency band and resolves the impedance mismatch problem inherent in Vivaldi antennas.

[0048] In an optional embodiment, the slit structure A30 is in the form of an elliptical ring structure.

[0049] In this embodiment, the elliptical ring-shaped gap structure A30 means that the gap structure A30 is obtained by elliptical cutting of the electrode plate A10. The first electrode plate A11 and the second electrode plate A12 are symmetrical about the antenna axis. In this case, the gap between the first electrode plate A11 and the second electrode plate A12 presents four elliptical shapes. The major axis of the ellipse can be set to 90mm, and the minor axis can be set to 20mm.

[0050] In addition, the edges of the gaps can be rounded to avoid local electric field concentration.

[0051] In an optional embodiment, a coupling groove line A40 is provided between the first pole plate A11 and the second pole plate A12 of the Vivaldi-type antenna element.

[0052] The slot structure A30 is symmetrically distributed on the electrode plate corresponding to the coupling groove line A40.

[0053] The TEM horn radiating element is connected along the opening slot line A20 to the coupling slot line A40 in the Vivaldi-type antenna element.

[0054] In an optional embodiment, the first electrode plate A11 is further provided with a slotted resonant cavity A50 and a power supply port A60.

[0055] The TEM horn radiating unit is connected to the slotted wire resonant cavity A50 via the feed port A60.

[0056] In an optional embodiment, the power supply ports A60 are discrete ports; the spacing between the power supply ports A60 is equal to the spacing between the coupling slot lines A40.

[0057] Figure 4 This is a partially enlarged view of the fusion antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention, that is, it is... Figure 2 and Figure 3 The enlarged view in reference numeral C in the attached figure shows that the feed port A60 is a discrete port, located at the cavity opening of the slot resonant cavity A50, and connected to the coupling slot line A40.

[0058] To adapt the Vivaldi antenna element to the TEM horn radiating element, the spacing between the coupling slot lines A40 is the same as the feeding end spacing between the radiating plates B10 in the TEM horn radiating element. That is, the spacing between the feeding ports A60, the spacing between the coupling slot lines A40, and the feeding end spacing between the radiating plates B10 are equal. For example, this spacing can be set to 2amm, where a=8.2, or 16.4mm.

[0059] In traditional designs, TEM horn antennas often have abrupt cutoffs or structural abrupt changes at the end, resulting in impedance discontinuities with the transmission line and free space impedances. This prevents smooth radiation or transmission of electromagnetic waves, leading to reflections and reducing the feeding efficiency at the feed end. To address this issue, this implementation adds a metal plate B20 to the end of the radiating plate B10. This smooths out the impedance abrupt change at the antenna end, reduces reflections, prevents distortion of the radiated field waveform, and improves the feeding efficiency at the feed end.

[0060] Correspondingly, the radiating ends of the first radiating plate B11 and the second radiating plate B12, which are symmetrically distributed vertically in the TEM horn radiating unit, are respectively loaded with metal plates B20.

[0061] The width of the metal plate B20 is the same as the width of the radiating ends corresponding to the first radiating electrode B11 and the second radiating electrode B12; the thickness of the metal plate B20 is the same as the thickness of the radiating electrode B10.

[0062] Traditional TEM horn antennas have low low-frequency radiation efficiency. The TEM horn radiating element in the fused antenna provided in this embodiment is based on an improved TEM horn radiating antenna. Metal plates B20 are loaded onto the radiating ends of the first radiating plate B11 and the second radiating plate B12, respectively. One end of the metal plate B20 is connected to the corresponding radiating plate B10, and the other end is a free end.

[0063] The design of the metal plate B20 absorbs and guides the energy concentrated at the horn mouth at low frequencies to avoid reflection, increases the radiation path, and guides the current at the end of the aperture, further increasing the low-frequency radiation capability.

[0064] Preferably, the metal plate B20 can be set as a rectangle; its width and thickness are the same as those of the radiating plate B10, so as to optimize the current distribution at the end of the fused antenna.

[0065] Optionally, the length of metal plate B20 is 20mm.

[0066] Optionally, the material used in the simulation of the fused antenna provided in this embodiment is a perfect electric conductor (PEC). The fused antenna simulated using this material has the following advantages: infinite conductivity, no Joule heat loss, and extremely high signal transmission efficiency; the surface electric field is perpendicular to the conductor surface, with no tangential component, resulting in a pure radiation field; simple boundary conditions, making it easy to accurately optimize the antenna structure and performance through simulation; and the ability to quickly respond to electromagnetic signals, ensuring waveform fidelity across a wide frequency band. Considering the application effect in practical applications, the fused antenna can use highly conductive materials, such as copper, silver, and aluminum. Fusion antennas made with highly conductive materials have the following advantages: excellent conductivity, low energy loss, balancing transmission efficiency and engineering practicality; stable material physicochemical properties, mechanical strength suitable for actual installation requirements, and mature processing technology; a balanced combination of cost and conductivity, allowing for flexible selection based on application scenarios, and high feasibility for mass production.

[0067] Optionally, the overall dimensions of the fusion antenna provided in this embodiment of the invention meet the requirements of a length of 376.05 mm, a width of 518.66 mm, and a height of 133.93 mm, adapting to the installation requirements of ultra-wideband electromagnetic detection, communication, and electromagnetic pulse testing scenarios.

[0068] In summary, the fused antenna provided by this embodiment combines the advantages of a Vivaldi antenna and a TEM horn radiating antenna, possessing strong transmission stability and increased broadband coverage. Specifically, by inserting the TEM horn radiating antenna along the slot line into the Vivaldi antenna element, the resulting fused antenna can possess the broadband coverage capability of a Vivaldi antenna. Addressing the problem that the Vivaldi antenna, limited by the electrode size, results in a short transmission path for low-frequency current within the slot line, making it difficult to fully radiate energy and causing low-frequency radiation efficiency, this embodiment extends the fused antenna design, extending the radiating end of the TEM horn radiating antenna beyond the slot line, increasing the radiating aperture of the fused antenna, lengthening the transmission path, and improving low-frequency radiation efficiency.

[0069] To verify the effectiveness of the fused antenna provided in this embodiment of the invention, this embodiment conducts corresponding tests and simulation comparisons on the fused antenna, and the results are as follows: Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the detector placement of the fusion antenna provided in this embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, a Gaussian pulse is used as the excitation signal for the fusion antenna. Nine electric field detectors, each 3dm x 1dm in size, are placed 500mm from the port. The detector numbers are marked in the diagram, i.e., 1 to 9.

[0070] Figure 6 This is a time-domain waveform component diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention; the diagram is based on... Figure 5 The data collected in the figure is determined. The horizontal axis represents time, the vertical axis represents electric field intensity, and different line segments represent the time-domain waveforms of different detectors.

[0071] Depend on Figure 6 It can be seen that the fused antenna exhibits several excellent characteristics in its electric field response at 500 mm. Firstly, within the time dimension of 1.6-3.0 ns, multiple curves show that a high electric field intensity can be rapidly generated at specific moments, with a peak value approaching 6 V / m. This indicates that the fused antenna is highly sensitive to Gaussian pulse excitation, exhibiting high energy conversion and radiation efficiency, and can effectively convert excitation energy into strong electric field radiation in a short time. Secondly, the steep rise time of the electric field signal demonstrates the fused antenna's excellent time-domain response characteristics, enabling rapid response to pulse excitation, which is advantageous in scenarios with high time-domain performance requirements, such as pulse communication. Overall, the trends of the curves are relatively consistent, indicating that the fused antenna performs stably under different test conditions, exhibiting good consistency and reliability, which is crucial for ensuring communication quality in practical applications. In summary, the fused antenna demonstrates high sensitivity, excellent time-domain response, and stable and reliable performance under Gaussian pulse excitation.

[0072] Figure 7 This is the S provided in the embodiments of the present invention. 11The parameter simulation results are shown in the figure; the horizontal axis represents frequency, and the vertical axis represents S. 11 parameter.

[0073] Depend on Figure 7 It can be seen that the S of this fused antenna 11 The parameters were all below -10dB in the 0.18-15GHz frequency band, indicating good performance.

[0074] Figure 8a This is the e-plane radiation pattern of the fusion antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8b This is the h-plane radiation pattern of the fusion antenna provided in this embodiment of the invention; Depend on Figure 8a and Figure 8b It can be seen that the broadband radiation performance of the fused antenna is stable. In multiple frequency bands such as 4GHz, 8GHz, and 12GHz, the e- and h-plane radiation patterns are not severely distorted. It can maintain a relatively consistent radiation pattern over a wide frequency range and is suitable for multi-band communication. Furthermore, the e-plane directional radiation capability is outstanding. There is a clear and energy-concentrated main lobe at each frequency, while the side lobes are relatively weak. The directional radiation efficiency is high and the anti-interference capability is strong.

[0075] Figure 9a This is a Smith chart of the TEM horn antenna unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9b These are Smith charts of the fused antenna provided in this embodiment of the invention; these two figures are used to characterize the antenna's impedance values ​​at different frequencies. Based on Figure 9a and Figure 9b The comparison shows that the impedance of a single TEM horn antenna element in the 0.22-0.48GHz range is below the real axis relative to the pure resistance, and the S-parameter is higher than -10dB, indicating the presence of capacitive reactance.

[0076] For example, Figure 9a Position "1" corresponds to 0.22 GHz, with S-parameters at -10 dB. Position "2" indicates a higher proportion of capacitive reactance in the circuit. Position "3" corresponds to 0.48 GHz, with S-parameters at -10 dB. The inductive reactance generated by the inductor has opposite characteristics to the capacitive reactance generated by the capacitor. In an AC circuit, the inductive reactance is:

[0077] In the formula, f It is the frequency of alternating current. L It is the inductance value.

[0078] The capacitive reactance is:

[0079] In the formula, C It is the capacitance value.

[0080] An appropriate inductance value can cancel out excess capacitive reactance, reducing the total reactance of the circuit and bringing it closer to purely resistive characteristics, thus achieving impedance matching. The Vivaldi antenna's circular slot is a broadband quarter-wavelength long short-circuit transmission line. When the electrical length of the transmission line is less than a quarter, operating in the low-frequency band, the imaginary part of the input impedance increases as the frequency decreases, making the impedance inductive. Therefore, using the TEM horn antenna element alone in this embodiment of the invention is far less effective than the fused antenna proposed in this embodiment. This embodiment combines the inductive structure of the Vivaldi antenna with the TEM horn antenna, canceling out excess capacitive reactance, resulting in good antenna performance in the low-frequency band.

[0081] Figure 10a and Figure 10b The figures show the current diagrams of the fused antenna at a frequency of 12 GHz, with and without coupling space. like Figure 10a and Figure 10b It is evident that with coupling space present, the current distribution is more concentrated and orderly, especially along the main path of the structure, where the current conducts more smoothly. In curved sections, the current changes are relatively smooth, without overly obvious local current accumulation. This uniform and smooth current distribution also helps achieve better impedance matching over a wider frequency band, thereby improving the overall performance of the antenna. This results in superior performance in terms of radiation pattern and gain. Furthermore, the near-elliptical shape without sharp corners allows current to flow along a smooth curve when passing through the cut-out area, preventing current concentration at the corners and avoiding sudden current changes.

[0082] Optionally, the fused antenna provided in this embodiment of the invention can be installed in the following manner: the feed end of the radiating plate B10 in the TEM horn radiating unit is inserted along the opening slot line A20 of the Vivaldi antenna unit, ensuring that the feed end of the radiating plate B10 is connected to the slot line resonant cavity A50; the radiating end of the radiating plate B10 is electrically connected to the metal plate B20; an elliptical gap is cut at the coupling slot line A40 of the Vivaldi antenna unit to ensure that the gap position is symmetrical, so as to form a coupling space A30; finally, the discrete feed port A60 is installed, and its width is adapted to the spacing of the feed ends of the radiating plate B10 to ensure feed matching.

[0083] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0084] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have their own emphasis. Parts not detailed or described in a particular embodiment can be referred to in the relevant descriptions of other embodiments. Unless otherwise specified or in conflict with logic, the terminology and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced interchangeably. Technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments based on their inherent logical relationships.

[0085] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fusion antenna, characterized in that, include: Vivaldi antenna element and TEM horn radiating element; The Vivaldi-type antenna element has an opening slot on its electrode plate; The dimensions of the opening groove are the same as the dimensions of the radiating plates symmetrically distributed based on the central axis in the TEM horn radiating unit. In the TEM horn radiating unit, the feed end of the radiating plate is inserted into the Vivaldi antenna unit along the opening slot line, and the radiating end extends outside the opening slot line; The centerline of the radiating plate in the TEM speaker radiating unit coincides with the opening groove line.

2. The fusion antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between the radiating plates increases exponentially from the feeding end to the radiating end of the radiating plates.

3. A fusion antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiating electrode plate includes a first radiating electrode plate and a second radiating electrode plate. The outlines of the first radiating electrode and the second radiating electrode gradually increase exponentially from their respective feed ends to the radiating ends.

4. A fusion antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pole plate of the Vivaldi-type antenna element includes a first pole plate and a second pole plate; The first electrode plate and the second electrode plate are on the same plane; the second electrode plate is provided with an opening groove line; A gap structure exists between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate, and the gap structure forms a coupling space with the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate to adjust the coupling characteristics of the fused antenna.

5. A fusion antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The gap structure is in the form of an elliptical ring.

6. A fusion antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, A coupling groove is provided between the first and second plates of the Vivaldi-type antenna element; The slot structure is symmetrically distributed on the electrode plate corresponding to the coupling groove line; The TEM horn radiating element is connected along the opening slot line to the coupling slot line in the Vivaldi-type antenna element.

7. A fusion antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first electrode plate is also provided with a slotted resonant cavity and a feed port; The TEM horn radiating unit is connected to the slotted resonant cavity through the feed port.

8. A fusion antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, The power supply ports are discrete ports; the spacing between the power supply ports is equal to the spacing between the coupling slot lines.

9. A fusion antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiating ends of the first and second radiating plates, which are symmetrically distributed vertically in the TEM horn radiating unit, are respectively loaded with metal plates. The width of the metal plate is the same as the width of the radiating ends corresponding to the first and second radiating electrodes; the thickness of the metal plate is the same as the thickness of the radiating electrodes.

10. A fusion antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that, The metal plate is rectangular.

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