Ecological slope protection based on water conservancy project and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological protection slope based on a water conservancy project. The ecological protection slope comprises a protection slope body, a plurality of ecological bags and irrigation pipes. The slope protection body is provided with an inclined slope surface, and the slope protection body sequentially comprises a gabion net layer, a drainage layer, a filtering layer and a planting soil layer from bottom to top; the multiple ecological bags are sequentially arranged in the extending direction of the ecological protection slope, the multiple ecological bags are all laid on the planting soil layer, and the multiple ecological bags are distributed in the extending direction of the slope surface at intervals and stacked mutually; the irrigation pipe is buried in the filtering layer and the planting soil layer, a plurality of water outlet holes are formed in the upper portion of the pipe wall of the irrigation pipe, and the water inlet end of the irrigation pipe is located below the horizontal plane and provided with a one-way valve. The irrigation pipe utilizes wave dynamic pressure to drive a one-way valve to achieve self-adaptive opening and closing without external energy, water is directly and slowly conveyed to a plant root zone in an infiltrating irrigation mode, the water utilization efficiency is remarkably improved, evaporation is reduced, deep pricking of a root system is effectively induced, and therefore the drought resistance and the survival rate of vegetation and the anchoring strength to a soil body are synchronously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, and in particular to an ecological slope protection method based on water conservancy engineering and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Ecological slope protection based on water conservancy projects is a slope protection method that integrates engineering structure and ecological restoration technology. It aims to stabilize the bank slope and prevent soil erosion. Through vegetation restoration and bioengineering measures, it achieves the goal of synergistic improvement of engineering safety and ecological environment.

[0003] After the structural construction is completed, the long-term stability and protective effectiveness of ecological slope protection projects fundamentally depend on the successful establishment and development of the slope vegetation community. The vegetation needs to gradually exert its key ecological functions, such as soil stabilization, erosion resistance, and hydrological regulation, through the mechanical anchoring of its roots with the soil and biochemical processes. The process from vegetation establishment to the formation of a stable, self-sustaining ecosystem typically involves a maintenance period lasting several months or even longer. During this period, meticulous maintenance measures such as systematic irrigation, replanting, and growth monitoring must be implemented, continuously consuming a significant amount of human and material resources. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide an ecological slope protection method based on water conservancy engineering, which reduces the workload of ecological slope protection engineering during the maintenance period.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] An ecological slope protection system based on water conservancy engineering includes:

[0007] The slope protection body has an inclined slope surface. The slope protection body consists of a gabion mesh layer, a drainage layer, a filter layer and a planting soil layer from bottom to top. The gabion mesh layer is composed of metal mesh cages filled with stones.

[0008] Multiple ecological bags, each filled with planting soil and plant seeds, are arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the ecological slope, and are laid on the planting soil layer. The ecological bags are distributed at intervals and stacked on top of each other along the extension direction of the slope.

[0009] An irrigation pipe is buried between the filter layer and the planting soil layer. The upper part of the pipe wall is provided with multiple water outlet holes. The water inlet of the irrigation pipe is located below the horizontal plane. The water inlet of the irrigation pipe is provided with a one-way valve, which is used to allow water from the river to enter the irrigation pipe.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes multiple drainage pipes, which are located within the planting soil layer.

[0011] Furthermore, the irrigation pipe and the drainage pipe are arranged alternately along the extension direction of the slope protection body.

[0012] Furthermore, the gabion mesh layer is provided with multiple fixed piles on the side closest to the river, the fixed piles being used to anchor the gabion mesh to the riverbed.

[0013] Furthermore, the fixing pile is located between the inlet ends of adjacent irrigation pipes.

[0014] Furthermore, the planting soil layer is provided with multiple reinforcing bars, which are embedded at intervals in the slope protection body along the extension direction of the slope surface. The reinforcing bars are used to prevent the slope surface from collapsing.

[0015] Furthermore, the reinforcing rib has a connecting portion extending out of the slope, the connecting portion being used for inserting and fixing the eco-bag; the connecting portion is provided with a plurality of outwardly extending anti-detachment rods, the anti-detachment rods being used to prevent the eco-bag from detaching from the reinforcing rib.

[0016] Furthermore, geotextile is laid between the filter layer and the planting soil layer, geotextile is laid between the water outlet and the planting soil layer, and geotextile is laid between the drain outlet of the drainage pipe and the planting soil layer.

[0017] Furthermore, the upper and lower ecological bags are stacked in a staggered manner, and adjacent ecological bags are connected by connectors.

[0018] Furthermore, it includes an ecological slope protection method based on water conservancy engineering as described in any one of claims 1-9, and includes the following steps:

[0019] The gabion mesh layer is laid at the toe of the riverbank slope, and the fixing piles are installed;

[0020] The drainage layer, the filter layer, and the planting soil layer are laid sequentially on the gabion mesh layer, and the inclined slope is trimmed. At the same time as laying the filter layer and the planting soil layer, the irrigation pipe and the drainage pipe are buried.

[0021] The reinforcing ribs are installed, and ecological bags are placed on the planting soil layer. The connecting parts of the reinforcing ribs are all inserted into the ecological bags, and the ecological bags are connected by connectors.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. Based on the sloping surface of the slope protection structure, the slope protection structure consists of, from bottom to top, a gabion mesh layer, a drainage layer, a filter layer, and a planting soil layer. The gabion mesh layer is composed of metal mesh cages filled with stones. Through the sequential arrangement of the gabion mesh layer, drainage layer, filter layer, and planting soil layer, a stable foundation structure with coordinated functions is constructed. The gabion mesh layer utilizes its own weight and permeability to effectively resist water erosion and dissipate foundation pressure. The drainage layer forms an efficient water-conducting channel, draining infiltrated water to maintain soil strength, while the filter layer ensures that the drainage channel is not blocked in the long term. The planting soil layer provides a growth substrate for vegetation and consolidates the topsoil through root reinforcement.

[0024] 2. Based on the fact that each ecological bag is filled with planting soil and plant seeds, multiple ecological bags are sequentially arranged along the extension direction of the ecological slope. These ecological bags are laid on the planting soil layer, spaced apart and stacked on top of each other along the slope's extension direction. The ecological bags, laid on the planting soil layer and arranged in a stepped stacking pattern, significantly enhance the integrity and anti-slip capacity of the slope surface through the bag's own weight and interlocking, achieving immediate protection and rapid greening. As plant roots penetrate the bag and connect with the underlying soil, a living reinforced network is gradually formed, achieving a long-term transition from engineering protection to ecological self-stabilization.

[0025] 3. The irrigation pipe is buried within the filter layer and the planting soil layer. Multiple outlet holes are provided on the upper part of the pipe wall, and the inlet end of the irrigation pipe is located below the horizontal plane. A one-way valve is provided at the inlet end of the irrigation pipe to allow water from the river to enter the irrigation pipe. The irrigation pipe utilizes wave dynamic pressure to drive the one-way valve, achieving adaptive opening and closing without external energy. Water is directly and slowly transported to the plant root zone through seepage irrigation. This method not only significantly improves water use efficiency and reduces evaporation but also effectively induces deep root development, thereby simultaneously enhancing vegetation drought resistance, survival rate, and anchoring strength to the soil. Ultimately, the entire system exhibits excellent comprehensive performance in terms of structural stability, hydrological balance, and ecological restoration. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the ecological slope protection structure based on water conservancy engineering according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The cross-sectional view shown is located at the irrigation pipe;

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The sectional view shown is located at the stiffener;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the irrigation pipe, in which the one-way valve is in the closed state;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the irrigation pipe, showing the check valve in the open position.

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Slope; 2. Gabion mesh layer; 3. Drainage layer; 4. Filter layer; 5. Planting soil layer; 6. Ecological bag; 7. Irrigation pipe; 8. Water outlet; 9. Water inlet; 10. One-way valve; 11. Drainage pipe; 12. Fixing pile; 13. Reinforcing rib; 14. Connecting part; 15. Anti-detachment rod. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

[0033] It should be noted that when an element is described as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly attached to the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is described as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementations.

[0034] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0035] See Figures 1-5 A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides an ecological slope protection system based on water conservancy engineering, comprising: a slope protection body, multiple ecological bags 6, and an irrigation pipe 7.

[0036] The slope protection body has an inclined slope surface 1. From bottom to top, the slope protection body consists of a gabion mesh layer 2, a drainage layer 3, a filter layer 4, and a planting soil layer 5. The gabion mesh layer 2 is composed of metal mesh cages filled with stones. This layer directly acts on the slope toe or foundation, using its own weight and structure to resist water erosion and foundation deformation, and possesses good permeability to prevent pressure buildup. The drainage layer 3 is laid on top of the gabion mesh layer 2 and can be composed of crushed stone or gravel, forming an efficient water-conducting channel that can quickly drain water seeping from the slope, preventing soil softening and structural instability caused by water accumulation. The filter layer 4 covers the surface of the drainage layer 3 and is composed of sand or geotextile material. Its function is to prevent fine soil particles from seeping into the drainage layer 3 and causing blockage, while ensuring smooth water flow, thereby maintaining the long-term effectiveness of the drainage system. The uppermost planting soil layer 5 is a plant growth substrate, which is a mixture of soil suitable for plant growth, amendment and nutrients. It not only provides an environment for vegetation to take root and grow, but also further consolidates the topsoil and reduces raindrop splash erosion through plant roots. It works in synergy with the above layers to ultimately form a composite slope protection system that integrates structural stability, hydrological regulation and ecological restoration.

[0037] Multiple ecological bags 6 are filled with planting soil and plant seeds. These ecological bags 6 are arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the ecological slope protection, and are laid on the planting soil layer 5. They are spaced apart and stacked on top of each other along the extension direction of the slope 1. Each ecological bag 6 is filled with a predetermined mixture of planting soil and plant seeds suitable for the local ecology, forming a basic unit with immediate vegetation restoration capabilities. Along the slope protection direction, the ecological bags 6 are arranged in close proximity or with predetermined gaps to form a covering layer. Along the slope direction of the slope 1, a stepped structure is adopted, with the bottom of the upper ecological bag 6 effectively overlapping and covering the top of the lower ecological bag 6. This combined arrangement of directional arrangement and stepped stacking significantly enhances the integrity and anti-sliding ability of the surface cover through the weight of the ecological bags 6 themselves and their mutual mechanical interlocking, effectively resisting the shearing damage of the slope 1 runoff. Secondly, the stepped structure formed by stacking can significantly reduce the flow velocity on the slope 1, promote water infiltration, and provide a stable initial growth carrier for plant seedlings. The ecological bags 6 and the planting soil layer 5 work together to achieve immediate protection and soil and water conservation on the slope 1 before the vegetation is fully developed. As the plant roots penetrate the bags and connect with the underlying soil, a living root network with a strong reinforcing effect is gradually formed, thereby achieving a smooth transition and functional integration of the slope protection structure from short-term engineering protection to long-term ecological self-stabilization.

[0038] An irrigation pipe 7 is buried within the filter layer 4 and the planting soil layer 5. Multiple outlet holes 8 are provided on the upper part of the pipe wall. The inlet end 9 of the irrigation pipe 7 is located below the horizontal plane and is equipped with a one-way valve 10. The one-way valve 10 is used to allow river water to enter the irrigation pipe 7. The design of the one-way valve 10 utilizes the periodic impact force of waves generated by the river under wind on the riverbank. Under the dynamic water pressure of the waves, the valve disc of the one-way valve 10 can overcome the opening resistance and open instantaneously, allowing river water to enter the irrigation pipe 7. When the impact force weakens or disappears, the valve disc automatically closes under the action of gravity, water flow back pressure, or a built-in elastic element, thereby preventing water in the irrigation pipe 7 from flowing back into the river. This achieves adaptive and adjustable irrigation based on environmental energy. Its driving source is natural wind and wave energy, requiring no external power. The intermittent, low-energy hydraulic impact generated by the waves provides just the right amount of power for valve opening and limited water volume increase. This input characteristic naturally matches the slow-release irrigation needs of ecological slope protection, avoiding oversaturation or erosion of the planting soil layer 5 due to continuous high-flow water supply. Under the influence of potential energy, the water entering the pipe seeps out evenly through the outlet holes 8 at the top of the pipe wall, moistening the surrounding planting soil layer 5. Because the water is not directly injected in large quantities, but gradually diffuses upwards through capillary action and soil suction, it achieves slow, deep, and uniform wetting of the planting soil layer 5, creating optimal soil moisture for seed germination and root growth. Since the irrigation point is located within the soil layer rather than on the slope surface, the water acts directly on the plant root distribution area and diffuses upwards and outwards through capillary action and soil suction. This inside-out wetting method creates a humidity gradient, effectively inducing plant roots to actively grow deeper into the soil and outwards in search of a stable water source, thus achieving rapid deep root development and the formation of a well-developed root network. Compared with traditional surface irrigation, this method significantly improves water use efficiency, reduces surface evaporation loss, and, more importantly, greatly enhances the drought resistance and mechanical anchoring ability of individual plants by promoting deep root development. As a result, it demonstrates better comprehensive benefits in both the engineering effect of soil stabilization and slope protection and the ecological survival rate of vegetation communities.

[0039] Working Principle: From bottom to top, the system consists of a gabion mesh layer 2, a drainage layer 3, a filter layer 4, and a planting soil layer 5. The gabion mesh layer 2, with its own weight and permeable structure, stabilizes the slope toe, resists erosion, and drains groundwater. The drainage layer 3 forms an efficient water-conducting channel, quickly draining seepage to maintain soil strength. The filter layer 4 prevents fine particles from entering the drainage layer 3, preventing clogging and ensuring long-term effective drainage. The planting soil layer 5 provides a substrate for plant growth and uses root reinforcement to consolidate the topsoil. On the surface of the planting soil layer 5, ecological bags 6 filled with planting soil and seeds are stacked in a stepped pattern. Through their own weight and interlocking, they enhance the integrity of the slope 1, providing immediate protection and an initial growth medium for plants. As plants grow, their roots penetrate the bags and connect with the underlying soil, forming a living reinforced network, achieving a transition from engineering structure to ecological self-stabilization. The irrigation pipe 7 buried in the system has a one-way valve 10 at its inlet end 9, which automatically opens and closes using river wave pressure, enabling non-powered irrigation. Water slowly seeps out through the outlet holes 8 in the pipe wall, deeply moistening the planting soil from the inside out, inducing the roots to grow deep, thereby improving the plant's drought resistance and soil stabilization ability, and strengthening the overall stability and ecological effectiveness of the slope protection system.

[0040] Clearly, a stable foundation structure with coordinated functions is constructed by sequentially setting up a gabion mesh layer 2, a drainage layer 3, a filter layer 4, and a planting soil layer 5 from bottom to top. The gabion mesh layer 2, utilizing its own weight and permeability, effectively resists water erosion and alleviates foundation pressure. The drainage layer 3 forms an efficient water-conducting channel, draining infiltrated water to maintain soil strength, while the filter layer 4 ensures the drainage channel remains free from siltation over the long term. The planting soil layer 5 provides a growth substrate for vegetation and consolidates the topsoil through root reinforcement. Ecological bags 6 are laid on the planting soil layer 5 and stacked in a stepped manner. Through the weight of the bags and their interlocking, they significantly enhance the integrity and anti-slip capacity of the slope surface 1, achieving immediate protection and rapid greening. As plant roots penetrate the bags and connect with the underlying soil, a living reinforced network is gradually formed, achieving a long-term transition from engineering protection to ecological self-stabilization. The irrigation pipe 7 uses wave dynamic pressure to drive the one-way valve 10 to achieve adaptive opening and closing without external energy. Water is directly and slowly transported to the plant root zone through seepage irrigation. This method not only significantly improves water use efficiency and reduces evaporation, but also effectively induces deep root growth, thereby simultaneously improving the vegetation's drought resistance, survival rate, and anchoring strength to the soil. Ultimately, the entire system exhibits excellent comprehensive performance in terms of structural stability, hydrological balance, and ecological restoration.

[0041] In this embodiment, preferably, multiple drainage pipes 11 are also included, which are installed within the planting soil layer 5. These drainage pipes 11 can efficiently collect and actively drain supersaturated water that accumulates rapidly in the planting soil layer 5 due to high-intensity natural rainfall, effectively alleviating the pressure of large amounts of infiltrated water that cannot be drained in time by the underlying structure. This design directly addresses and alleviates problems such as soil softening, increased self-weight, and decreased shear strength that may be caused by water retention in the planting soil layer 5, thereby maintaining the structural integrity of the surface soil of the slope 1. At the same time, by controlling the soil moisture content within a suitable range for plant growth, this measure prevents the rotting of vegetation roots due to anaerobic environments, ensuring the healthy establishment and long-term survival of the plant community, and thus stabilizing the ecological reinforcement effect provided by the vegetation. This measure improves the end-to-end hydrological management of the slope protection system from the internal foundation to the surface ecology, enhancing the long-term reliability and comprehensive performance of the system under different climatic conditions.

[0042] In this embodiment, preferably, the irrigation pipe 7 and the drainage pipe 11 are arranged alternately along the extension direction of the slope protection body. This forms a spaced, complementary water regulation network within the planting soil layer 5. The irrigation pipe 7 supplies water to the surrounding soil through seepage irrigation, while the adjacent drainage pipe 11 collects and drains any excess water that may occur in the area. This spatially alternating layout ensures uniform coverage of water supply and drainage along the longitudinal direction of the slope 1, avoiding water accumulation or shortage in local areas, thus achieving refined and dynamic regulation of soil moisture within the planting soil layer 5. It not only significantly improves the system's ability to cope with uneven rainfall or irrigation fluctuations, effectively preventing localized over-wetting or over-drying of the soil, but also creates a stable hydraulic environment for the uniform development of plant roots, further optimizing the ecological slope stabilization effect of the vegetation and the overall hydrological stability of the slope protection system.

[0043] In this embodiment, preferably, a plurality of fixed piles 12 are provided on the side of the gabion mesh layer 2 closest to the river. The fixed piles 12 are used to anchor the gabion mesh to the riverbed. This significantly enhances the ability of the gabion mesh layer 2 to resist water erosion and wave impact. By combining the gravity stability of the gabion mesh layer 2 with the anchoring pull-out force of the fixed piles 12, the horizontal slippage, overturning, or local deformation that may occur in the gabion mesh layer 2 under the action of water flow is effectively prevented, ensuring the integrity and positional stability of the slope protection foundation structure. At the same time, this anchoring method allows the gabion mesh layer 2 to better adapt to local changes in the riverbed topography and form a tight mechanical interlock with the riverbed matrix, further improving the long-term service performance and safety redundancy of the slope protection system in dynamic hydraulic environments.

[0044] In this embodiment, preferably, the fixed piles 12 are located between the inlet ends 9 of adjacent irrigation pipes 7. The gaps between the fixed piles 12 in the riverbed guide and concentrate the water flow. When the water flow impacts the array of fixed piles 12, some of its streamlines are guided, converged, and accelerated in the gap area, thus acting directly and more strongly on the inlet end 9 of the irrigation pipe 7 located in this area. This guiding effect significantly increases the local dynamic water pressure and water flow impact frequency near the inlet, providing more abundant and reliable hydrodynamic conditions for the periodic and efficient opening and closing of the one-way valve 10, effectively improving the water intake efficiency and reliability of the irrigation system under low flow velocity or normal hydrological conditions. This design spatially integrates the anchoring structure and water intake function, enabling the group of fixed piles 12 to fulfill the responsibilities of foundation anti-slip and anti-scour while also serving as a passive flow guiding device to optimize the water intake environment of the irrigation pipe 7.

[0045] In this embodiment, preferably, the planting soil layer 5 is provided with multiple reinforcing ribs 13, which are spaced apart and embedded in the slope protection body along the extension direction of the slope 1. The reinforcing ribs 13 are used to prevent the slope 1 from collapsing. By introducing reinforcing materials with high tensile strength, a transversely distributed reinforcement network is formed inside the planting soil layer 5. This network can effectively constrain the lateral deformation of the soil, significantly improving the integrity and shear strength of the planting soil layer 5 and even the shallow soil of the slope 1. Through friction with the surrounding soil, local stress is diffused and transferred, thereby inhibiting the formation and development of potential slip surfaces, directly addressing and mitigating the risk of shallow collapse and sliding of the slope 1 caused by its own weight, hydraulic seepage, or external loads. This measure, together with the ecological reinforcement effect of the vegetation root system, forms a composite reinforcement system that combines engineering and ecology, jointly ensuring the structural stability of the surface layer of the slope 1 before the vegetation is fully developed and during long-term use.

[0046] In this embodiment, preferably, the reinforcing rib 13 has a connecting portion 14 extending out of the slope 1, the connecting portion 14 being used for inserting and fixing the eco-bag 6; the connecting portion 14 is provided with a plurality of outwardly extending anti-detachment rods 15, the anti-detachment rods 15 being used to prevent the eco-bag 6 from detaching from the reinforcing rib 13. Through the combination of mechanical connection and friction, a stable integration with the eco-bag 6 is achieved. The anti-detachment rods 15 generate direct mechanical engagement and lateral frictional resistance with the planting soil and bag material inside the eco-bag 6. Simultaneously, after the eco-bag 6 is inserted and installed, its weight and stacking pressure create a continuous positive pressure between the bag body and the surface of the connecting portion 14, further enhancing the interfacial friction. This combined effect of mechanical engagement and interfacial friction allows the reinforcing rib 13 and the eco-bag 6 to form a continuous whole with high shear strength at the contact surface. When slope 1 is subjected to precipitation scouring or runoff shearing, the connection interface can effectively transfer and disperse stress, significantly resisting the tendency of the ecological bag 6 to slide or detach along slope 1, thereby maintaining the integrity and positional stability of the surface protection system in dynamic water environment and improving the immediate and long-term performance of the slope protection system against hydraulic erosion.

[0047] In this embodiment, preferably, geotextile is laid between the filter layer 4 and the planting soil layer 5, between the water outlet 8 and the planting soil layer 5, and between the drainage outlet of the drainage pipe 11 and the planting soil layer 5. The geotextile laid on the upper surface of the filter layer 4 acts as an additional filtration barrier, effectively preventing fine particles in the planting soil layer 5 from seeping into the drainage layer 3 with water, thus reliably maintaining the long-term efficient water conduction capacity of the drainage system. Simultaneously, the geotextile covering the water outlet 8 of the irrigation pipe 7 prevents soil particles from entering back into and clogging the outlet 8, ensuring the continuous unobstructed flow of irrigation channels and promoting the uniform diffusion of water to the surrounding soil, optimizing the water supply conditions in the root zone. The geotextile laid at the drainage outlet of the drainage pipe 11 effectively prevents planting soil particles from being sucked in and accumulating in the pipe during drainage, ensuring the continuous unobstructed flow of the drainage channel. The placement of these three geotextile layers together enhances the separation and protection of key interfaces, systematically improving the anti-clogging performance and operational reliability of the entire slope protection structure under long-term seepage, irrigation, and drainage conditions.

[0048] In this embodiment, preferably, the upper and lower ecological bags 6 are stacked in a staggered manner, and adjacent ecological bags 6 are connected by connectors. This staggered stacking avoids the formation of vertical through seams, allowing for more even distribution and transmission of loads and stresses, thus improving the inherent stability of the stack. The connectors establish a direct mechanical connection between adjacent ecological bags 6, effectively limiting the independent displacement or detachment of individual ecological bags 6 under water erosion, self-settlement, or external loads, thereby integrating discrete bag units into a cohesive and continuous whole. This combined measure, along with the reinforcing ribs 13 system embedded in the planting soil layer 5, constitutes a composite locking network from deep reinforcement to surface covering, greatly enhancing the comprehensive performance of the slope protection system 1 in resisting runoff shear, local slippage, and overall instability, ensuring its structural reliability and durable protective effect during construction and long-term service.

[0049] In this embodiment, preferably, it includes an ecological slope protection method based on water conservancy engineering as described in any one of claims 1-9, and includes the following steps:

[0050] The gabion mesh layer 2 is laid at the toe of the riverbank slope, and the fixing piles 12 are installed. By tightly adhering the gabion mesh layer 2 to the riverbed and anchoring it to the underlying stable foundation using the fixing piles 12, the direct erosion and scouring of the slope toe by water flow and waves is effectively resisted, preventing overall collapse due to foundation instability. This provides a solid and flat bearing surface for the subsequently laid drainage layer 3, filter layer 4, and planting soil layer 5, ensuring reliable load transfer from the superstructure and long-term maintenance of the slope morphology, thus fundamentally guaranteeing the long-term structural safety and stability of the slope protection project.

[0051] The drainage layer 3, the filter layer 4, and the planting soil layer 5 are laid sequentially on the gabion mesh layer 2, and a sloping surface 1 is created. Simultaneously, the irrigation pipe 7 and the drainage pipe 11 are buried on the filter layer 4 and planting soil layer 5. Based on the formed gabion mesh layer 2, the drainage layer 3, filter layer 4, and planting soil layer 5 are laid sequentially, constructing a complete cross-sectional structure from internal rapid water conduction, reverse filtration and silt prevention to providing a substrate for plant growth, and simultaneously creating a stable slope shape that meets design requirements. While laying the filter layer 4 and planting soil layer 5, the irrigation pipe 7 and drainage pipe 11 are buried at the designed locations. This synchronous construction method ensures that the pipes are accurately and securely embedded in the predetermined functional layers, avoiding disturbance and damage to the already formed structural layers caused by subsequent separate trenching and pipe burial. This allows the irrigation and drainage systems to be closely integrated with the filter layer 4 and the planting soil layer 5 during the construction phase, forming a water supply and drainage network with accurate positioning and reliable interfaces in one go. This lays a solid foundation for the subsequent realization of precise irrigation, efficient drainage, and the hydrological balance and automatic regulation functions of the entire slope protection system.

[0052] The reinforcing ribs 13 are installed, and ecological bags 6 are placed on the planting soil layer 5. The connecting parts 14 of the reinforcing ribs 13 are all inserted into the ecological bags 6, and adjacent ecological bags 6 are connected by connectors. The reinforcing ribs 13 buried in the planting soil layer 5 provide clear anchoring points for the upper structure by extending their connecting parts 14 upwards. By inserting the ecological bags 6 one by one into the connecting parts 14, direct mechanical embedding between the surface flexible protection unit and the deep tensile skeleton is achieved, establishing an effective vertical load transfer and pull-out force bearing path. Adjacent ecological bags 6 are connected laterally using connectors, interlocking the discrete bag units into a continuously distributed protection network on the slope 1. A spatially interlocking and synergistically stressed composite protection structure is constructed, which significantly enhances the integrity, displacement resistance, and shear deformation resistance of the shallow layer of the slope 1, ensuring that the engineering protection system has reliable structural performance to resist water erosion and maintain its own stability before the vegetation has fully developed and exerted its root system to reinforce the soil.

[0053] In this embodiment, preferably, the irrigation pipe 7 has a smaller diameter structure, which optimizes the water transport and regulation performance of the irrigation system by utilizing capillary action. This smaller diameter structure enhances the capillary force of the pipe wall on the water, effectively increasing the rising height of the water within the pipe and facilitating the delivery of water to the outlet 8 at a higher point on the slope 1. Simultaneously, the limited pipe diameter naturally restricts the flow rate per unit time, physically preventing a sudden increase in pipe pressure or excessive water volume due to excessive water flow. The combination of these two factors allows the system to achieve slow, continuous water rise and limited supply without external power, relying on capillary lift and potential energy difference, ultimately achieving more uniform and controllable deep seepage irrigation through the outlet 8. This reduces dependence on water source pressure and prevents saturation, runoff, or nutrient loss in the planting soil layer 5 due to excessive irrigation water received in a short period, thereby improving water use efficiency and irrigation uniformity while enhancing the precision and reliability of the hydrological management of the entire slope protection system.

[0054] In this embodiment, preferably, a geogrid is provided between the slope 1 and the eco-bags 6, providing a high-performance reinforcement and interface stabilization layer between the eco-bags 6 and the soil layer of the slope 1. This geogrid, through its mesh structure, is tightly embedded with the underlying planting soil layer 5, and provides uniform support and significant interfacial friction resistance for the stacked eco-bags 6 on the plane. This enhances the integrity and deformation resistance of the slope 1 surface layer, effectively disperses the concentrated load transmitted by the eco-bags 6, prevents the eco-bags 6 from directly embedding into or locally disturbing the underlying soft topsoil under their own weight and water flow, and ensures the stability of the initial geometry of the protection system.

[0055] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of those different embodiments or examples.

[0056] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0057] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these should all be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An ecological slope protection method based on water conservancy engineering, characterized in that, include: The slope protection body has an inclined slope (1). The slope protection body consists of a gabion mesh layer (2), a drainage layer (3), a filter layer (4) and a planting soil layer (5) from bottom to top. The gabion mesh layer (2) is composed of a metal mesh cage filled with stones. Multiple ecological bags (6) are filled with planting soil and plant seeds. Multiple ecological bags (6) are arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the ecological slope. Multiple ecological bags (6) are laid on the planting soil layer (5). Multiple ecological bags (6) are distributed at intervals and stacked on each other along the extension direction of the slope (1). An irrigation pipe (7) is buried in the filter layer (4) and the planting soil layer (5). The upper part of the pipe wall of the irrigation pipe (7) is provided with multiple water outlet holes (8). The water inlet end (9) of the irrigation pipe (7) is located below the horizontal plane. The water inlet end (9) of the irrigation pipe (7) is provided with a one-way valve (10). The one-way valve (10) is used to allow water from the river to enter the irrigation pipe (7).

2. The ecological slope protection based on water conservancy engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes multiple drainage pipes (11) located within the planting soil layer (5).

3. An ecological slope protection method based on water conservancy engineering according to claim 2, characterized in that, The irrigation pipe (7) and the drainage pipe (11) are arranged alternately along the extension direction of the slope protection body.

4. An ecological slope protection method based on water conservancy engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gabion mesh layer (2) is provided with multiple fixed piles (12) on the side closest to the river, and the fixed piles (12) are used to anchor the gabion mesh to the riverbed.

5. An ecological slope protection method based on water conservancy engineering according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fixed pile (12) is located between the inlet end (9) of the adjacent irrigation pipe (7).

6. An ecological slope protection method based on water conservancy engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planting soil layer (5) is provided with multiple reinforcing bars (13), and the multiple reinforcing bars (13) are buried at intervals in the slope protection body along the extension direction of the slope (1). The reinforcing bars (13) are used to prevent the slope (1) from collapsing.

7. An ecological slope protection method based on water conservancy engineering according to claim 6, characterized in that, The reinforcing rib (13) has a connecting part (14) extending out of the slope (1), the connecting part (14) is used for inserting and fixing the ecological bag (6); the connecting part (14) is provided with a plurality of outwardly extending anti-detachment rods (15), the anti-detachment rods (15) are used to prevent the ecological bag (6) from detaching from the reinforcing rib (13).

8. An ecological slope protection method based on water conservancy engineering according to claim 2, characterized in that, Geotextile is laid between the filter layer (4) and the planting soil layer (5), geotextile is laid between the water outlet (8) and the planting soil layer (5), and geotextile is laid between the drain outlet of the drainage pipe (11) and the planting soil layer (5).

9. An ecological slope protection method based on water conservancy engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper ecological bag (6) and the lower ecological bag (6) are stacked in a staggered manner, and the adjacent ecological bags (6) are connected by connectors.

10. A construction method for ecological slope protection based on water conservancy engineering, characterized in that, The method includes an ecological slope protection system based on water conservancy engineering as described in any one of claims 1-9, and includes the following steps: The gabion mesh layer (2) is laid at the toe of the riverbank slope, and the fixed piles (12) are installed. The drainage layer (3), the filter layer (4) and the planting soil layer (5) are laid in sequence on the gabion mesh layer (2) and the inclined slope (1) is trimmed. At the same time as laying the filter layer (4) and the planting soil layer (5), the irrigation pipe (7) and the drainage pipe (11) are buried. The reinforcing ribs (13) are set up, and ecological bags (6) are placed on the planting soil layer (5). The connecting parts (14) of the reinforcing ribs (13) are all inserted by the ecological bags (6), and the ecological bags (6) are connected by connectors.

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