Concrete structure energy storage and carbon sequestration integrated system and using method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a concrete structure energy storage and carbon sequestration integrated system and a using method thereof. The system comprises a concrete base body unit and a control unit used for controlling the concrete base body unit to generate electrochemical reaction according to preset conditions for charging and discharging or carbon sequestration. The concrete matrix unit comprises a 3D printing concrete structure formed by 3D printing of slurry containing a calcium ion source and a conductive filler, a zinc electrode embedded in the concrete structure, and an oxygen circulation electrode and a carbon sequestration reduction electrode which are respectively coated on the outer side surface and the inner side surface of the 3D printing concrete structure; the solar photovoltaic panel is arranged on the outer side of the 3D printing concrete structure, and the heat dissipation flow channel is integrally formed in the printing process and used for conducting heat released by electrochemical reaction. According to the invention, through three cooperative working modes of night discharging, daytime solar charging and carbon sequestration, active negative carbon emission, self power supply and structure enhancement of a building body are realized, and the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy is improved by utilizing photovoltaic waste heat.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrochemical energy storage and carbon fixation technology, and in particular to an integrated energy storage and carbon fixation system for concrete structures and its application method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the world faces the dual challenges of climate change and energy shortages. The construction industry is one of the major energy consumers and sources of carbon dioxide emissions, with its cement production process itself releasing large amounts of CO2. Meanwhile, the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources such as solar power creates an urgent need for large-scale, low-cost energy storage technologies. Existing solutions are typically fragmented: the building structure is passive, the energy storage system (such as lithium batteries) is independent, and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies are mostly used in large industrial facilities, resulting in high costs and limited adoption. Furthermore, traditional electrochemical reactions generate heat, reducing battery charging and discharging efficiency. How to efficiently and cost-effectively integrate these fragmented functions and improve energy efficiency is a key technological bottleneck in achieving green building and sustainable development. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Purpose of the invention: The first purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated energy storage and carbon sequestration system for concrete structures, which efficiently and cost-effectively integrates structural support, electrical energy storage, carbon dioxide mineralization and fixation, and photovoltaic heat dissipation, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency; The second purpose of this invention is to provide a method for using the integrated energy storage and carbon sequestration system for concrete structures.

[0004] Technical solution: This invention provides an integrated energy storage and carbon sequestration system for concrete structures, comprising: A concrete matrix unit, comprising a 3D-printed concrete structure, an electrode module, and an energy and thermal management module; The 3D printed concrete structure is 3D printed from a slurry containing a calcium ion source and conductive filler. The electrode module includes a zinc electrode, an oxygen circulation electrode, and a carbon fixation and reduction electrode disposed on a 3D printed concrete structure. The zinc electrode is embedded inside the concrete structure, the oxygen circulation electrode is disposed on the outer surface of the 3D printed concrete structure, and the carbon fixation and reduction electrode is disposed on the inner surface of the 3D printed concrete structure. The 3D printed concrete structure, the zinc electrode, the oxygen circulation electrode, and the carbon fixation and reduction electrode constitute a concrete battery and a carbon fixation structure. The energy and thermal management module includes a solar photovoltaic panel located on the outside of the 3D printed concrete structure and a heat dissipation channel integrally formed during the printing process of the 3D printed concrete structure for conducting the heat released by the electrochemical reaction. The control unit is used to control the electrochemical reaction of the concrete matrix unit to charge and discharge or fix carbon according to preset conditions.

[0005] Preferably, the pores of the 3D printed concrete structure are printed in a gradient from small to large from the inside out to the two sides of the surface.

[0006] Preferably, a gas splitting and distribution box is provided at the carbon reduction electrode for introducing reaction gas.

[0007] Preferably, the calcium ion source is calcium chloride, calcium hydroxide, or a combination thereof.

[0008] Preferably, the conductive filler is carbon fiber, graphite powder, carbon nanotubes, or a combination thereof.

[0009] Preferably, the oxygen circulation electrode and the carbon reduction electrode are coating materials applied to the surface of the 3D printed concrete structure, including a catalyst, a conductive carrier, a binder, and a solvent.

[0010] Preferably, it also includes a detection unit for detecting the light intensity, power demand, and gas concentration of the concrete matrix unit, and sending the detection results to the control unit.

[0011] The method of using the integrated energy storage and carbon sequestration system for concrete structures according to the present invention includes: (1) At night or when there is insufficient sunlight, the control unit disconnects from the solar photovoltaic panel and connects the zinc electrode and oxygen circulation electrode to the electrical load. The system operates as a zinc-air battery, and the zinc electrode undergoes an oxidation reaction Zn→Zn. 2+ +2e - The oxygen circulation electrode undergoes a reduction reaction: O2 + 2H2O + 4e- - →4OH - The system outputs electrical energy to the outside world; this process is a discharge mode. (2) During the day or when there is sufficient sunlight, the solar photovoltaic panel generates electricity, and the control unit applies a preset voltage to the concrete cell with a potential between the reduction potentials of zinc and calcium, so that the zinc ions Zn dissolved in the 3D printed concrete structure can be released. 2+ The reduction reaction Zn occurs at the original zinc electrode site. 2+ +2e - →Zn, re-electroplated onto the zinc anode, undergoes an oxidation reaction at the oxygen circulation electrode. 4OH - →O2 + 2H2O + 4e - This process can be either a charging mode or a zinc electrode regeneration mode. (3) When there is residual electrical energy after the zinc electrode is reduced, the control unit applies electricity between the oxygen circulation electrode and the carbon fixation reduction electrode, and at the same time, exhaust gas CO2 is introduced to the surface of the carbon fixation reduction electrode, where the reduction reaction CO2 + H2O + 2e occurs. - →CO3 2- +2H +The generated carbonate ions react with the calcium ion source in the 3D printed concrete structure to form Ca. 2+ +CO3 2- →CaCO3↓, achieving carbon dioxide mineralization and fixation, and 4OH- occurs at the oxygen circulation electrode. - →O2 + 2H2O + 4e - To balance the charge, this process is a carbon fixation mode.

[0012] Preferably, a DC-DC voltage converter is installed between the solar photovoltaic panel and the concrete battery, and connected to the control unit.

[0013] Preferably, during the charging mode or zinc electrode regeneration mode, the control unit drives the coolant in the heat dissipation channel to circulate and dissipate heat through a liquid circulation pump.

[0014] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: (1) Using the building structure itself as an energy storage battery, carbon capture device and heat dissipation system greatly saves space, cost and materials, achieves high integration and multiple uses of one material, transforms the passive building structure into an active "carbon sink", can continuously capture and mineralize CO2 in industrial waste gas, and seamlessly combine with solar energy to use photovoltaic power for carbon sequestration.

[0015] (2) The 3D-printed heat dissipation channel design effectively reduces the operating temperature of the zinc-air battery and improves the charging and discharging efficiency; (3) Calcium carbonate, a carbon fixation product, can fill the pores of concrete and improve the long-term strength and durability of the structure. (4) The renewable zinc electrode design reduces consumable and maintenance costs, which is in line with the principle of circular economy. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a front view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a rear view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 1 Sectional view of AA in the middle; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] like Figure 1As shown, the integrated energy storage and carbon sequestration system for concrete structures described in this invention is essentially a large-scale distributed zinc-carbon dioxide / air battery with special concrete as its core. Specifically, it includes a concrete matrix unit and a control unit that controls the electrochemical reactions of the concrete matrix unit to perform charging, discharging, regeneration, and carbon sequestration mode switching according to preset conditions.

[0019] The concrete matrix unit comprises a 3D-printed concrete structure 1 made of cement, aggregate, water, conductive filler, and a premixed calcium ion source. The calcium ion source is calcium chloride, calcium hydroxide, or a combination thereof, providing reactants for subsequent calcium carbonate precipitation. The conductive filler is carbon fiber, graphite powder, carbon nanotubes, or a combination thereof, to construct pathways for ion and electron transport in the solid phase, enhancing the ionic conductivity of the concrete matrix and ensuring the electrochemical performance of the concrete battery. A zinc electrode 4 is embedded within the concrete structure, such as... Figure 4 As shown, an oxygen circulation electrode 5 is installed on the outer surface of the concrete structure, such as... Figure 1 As shown, a carbon reduction electrode 6 is disposed on the inner surface, such as... Figure 2 and 4 As shown, the concrete structure, zinc electrode, oxygen circulation electrode, and carbon fixation reduction electrode together constitute a concrete battery and a carbon fixation structure. To concentrate gas and promote the electrochemical reaction, a gas distribution box 7 is installed outside the carbon fixation reduction electrode 6 in the concrete structure. Externally introduced gas diffuses to the carbon fixation reduction electrode 6 through the gas distribution box 7. By setting a gas-liquid interface, the carbon fixation reaction rate can be improved. A solar photovoltaic panel 3 is installed outside the 3D-printed concrete structure 1, i.e., on the side of the oxygen circulation electrode 5. During the printing process of the 3D-printed concrete structure, heat dissipation channels 2 are arranged between the printing layers, such as… Figure 3 As shown, the heat dissipation channel is connected to the external liquid circulation pump 10 to conduct the heat released by the electrochemical reaction, reduce the working temperature of the concrete battery, and improve the charging and discharging efficiency.

[0020] The control unit includes a central controller 9, which is connected to the solar photovoltaic panel 3, the zinc electrode 4, the carbon reduction electrode 6, and the oxygen circulation electrode 5. Figure 2 As shown. The central controller controls the electrochemical reaction of the concrete matrix unit to achieve energy storage and carbon fixation. Preferably, to improve the intelligence level of the entire system, an integrated sensor 11 can be set on the 3D printed concrete structure. The integrated sensor 11 is connected to the central controller 9. The integrated sensor 11 detects light intensity, power demand, and gas concentration and feeds them back to the central controller, thereby realizing mode switching.

[0021] This invention utilizes 3D-printed concrete structures. Firstly, by precisely controlling material stacking, it can regulate pore size and gradient, achieving a porosity of up to 15% and excellent pore connectivity. This enhances CO2 gas permeability, allowing calcium ions on both the surface and interior of the structure to react with the gas, significantly increasing carbon sequestration. In contrast, traditional cast concrete typically has a porosity of around 5% and poor pore connectivity, with only calcium ions near the surface participating in the reaction, resulting in less carbon sequestration. Secondly, because the carbon sequestration reaction in 3D-printed concrete occurs throughout the entire matrix, the resulting CaCO3 precipitate can uniformly fill all pores, achieving overall, uniform structural reinforcement. In contrast, the carbon sequestration reaction in traditional cast concrete only occurs on the surface, reinforcing only the surface area while the internal structure remains unreinforced. This uneven reinforcement can lead to a mismatch between internal and external mechanical properties under load, potentially causing new structural problems and preventing the achievement of overall self-reinforcing effects. Finally, the heat dissipation channel network of the 3D-printed concrete structure is integrally formed during the printing process, allowing the heat dissipation pipes to be precisely placed in the interlayer area, making the operation simple and convenient. In contrast, traditional cast-in-place concrete structures require fixing the heat dissipation pipes within the template before the concrete hardens, or fabricating them after hardening through drilling, both of which increase construction complexity and cost, and may affect the structural integrity of the concrete. Therefore, the 3D-printed concrete structure of this invention solves the core problem of gas transport within hardened concrete by precisely controlling the pore structure and using integrally formed heat dissipation channels, ensuring the volumetricity, uniformity, and high efficiency of the carbon fixation reaction, improving the structural self-reinforcing integrity, and enhancing the ease of heat dissipation pipe installation.

[0022] This invention employs a zinc electrode, rather than the more common lithium or lead electrodes. This is because lithium is highly chemically reactive and sensitive to water and air. Furthermore, lithium reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas, releasing a large amount of heat and posing a risk of explosion and combustion; therefore, anhydrous electrolytes are required for lithium batteries. However, the concrete electrolyte in this invention contains a large amount of water. When lithium plates are used as electrodes, the lithium electrodes are unstable and will rapidly react spontaneously with the water in the concrete pore fluid, leading to system failure, inability to achieve discharge, and even serious safety hazards. Although lead is superior to lithium plates in terms of control, the theoretical voltage of a lead-air battery is lower than that of the zinc-air battery in this invention. Lower voltage output means lower power output and lower power generation efficiency at the same current. Additionally, lead is a heavy metal harmful to the environment and human health. Although the concrete matrix can partially encapsulate lead, leakage risks still exist over long-term operation. Therefore, using a zinc electrode is not only easier to control but also improves power generation efficiency. Moreover, zinc is an essential trace element for life, with far lower toxicity than lead, making it more environmentally friendly and safer.

[0023] like Figure 5As shown, the method of using the integrated energy storage and carbon sequestration system for concrete structures according to the present invention includes: (1) At night or when there is insufficient sunlight, the central controller 9 disconnects from the solar photovoltaic panel 3 and connects the zinc electrode 4 and the oxygen circulation electrode 5 to the electrical load. The system operates as a zinc-air battery, and the zinc electrode undergoes an oxidation reaction Zn→Zn. 2+ +2e - The oxygen circulation electrode undergoes a reduction reaction: O2 + 2H2O + 4e- - →4OH - The system outputs electrical energy to the outside world; this process is called discharge mode.

[0024] (2) During the day or when there is sufficient sunlight, the solar photovoltaic panels generate electricity and apply a preset voltage between the reduction potentials of zinc and calcium to the concrete cells through the central controller 9, so that the zinc ions Zn dissolved in the concrete wall can be released. 2+ A reduction reaction of Zn occurs at the original anode location. 2+ +2e - →Zn undergoes oxidation at oxygen circulation electrode 5, resulting in 4OH⁻. - →O2 + 2H2O + 4e - In this process, the preset voltage potential is between the reduction potentials of zinc and calcium. Since the reduction potential of calcium is much lower than that of zinc, it can be ensured that only zinc is reduced, thereby removing Zn from the concrete pore fluid. 2+ Electroplating is applied back onto zinc electrode 4 to restore its capacity, achieving zinc electrode regeneration and closed-loop circulation, which greatly extends the system's lifespan. To precisely regulate the voltage, a DC-DC voltage converter is installed between the solar photovoltaic panel and the concrete battery, and connected to the central controller. During this process, the liquid circulation pump 10 is activated, and the coolant in the heat dissipation channel 2 circulates to dissipate heat, reducing charging waste heat and inhibiting zinc dendrite growth and moisture evaporation. This process can be either charging mode or zinc electrode regeneration mode.

[0025] (3) When there is residual electrical energy after the zinc electrode is reduced, the central controller 9 applies electricity between the oxygen circulation electrode 5 and the carbon fixation reduction electrode 6. Simultaneously, waste gas CO2 is introduced from the gas diversion and distribution box 7 to the surface of the carbon fixation reduction electrode 6. A reduction reaction CO2 + H2O + 2e- occurs at the carbon fixation reduction electrode 6. - →CO3 2- +2H + The generated carbonate ions react with calcium ions in the 3D printed concrete structure to form Ca. 2+ +CO3 2- →CaCO3↓, achieving carbon dioxide mineralization and fixation. 4OH- occurs at electrode 5 during the oxygen circulation process. - →O2 + 2H2O + 4e -To balance the charge. This process is a carbon fixation mode. In this mode, solar power is used to fix CO2 in the form of permanent mineralization, while the resulting calcium carbonate precipitate fills the micropores of the 3D-printed concrete structure, improving the density and strength of the concrete structure.

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated below with a specific embodiment. This embodiment describes an integrated energy storage and carbon sequestration system for the exterior wall structure of an enterprise where carbon dioxide is generated during the production process, aiming to demonstrate its energy storage and carbon sequestration capabilities in practical applications.

[0027] The present invention discloses an integrated energy storage and carbon sequestration system for concrete structures, comprising a 3D-printed concrete wall 1, an electrode module, an energy and thermal management module, and a control unit.

[0028] The materials used in the 3D printed concrete wall include: 1 part silicate cement, 3 parts aggregate such as sand and crushed stone, 0.3 parts graphite powder, 0.03-0.05 parts calcium chloride, 0.4 parts water, and additives added according to the 3D printing requirements. Preferably, 0.04 parts calcium chloride is selected. This special concrete material is used to print the exterior wall of the building. The wall is printed with a gradient porosity from the inside out, that is, the pore diameter is smaller in the gas-absorbing part inside the wall (near the zinc electrode), and the pore diameter gradually increases near the two sides of the wall (oxygen reduction electrode and carbon fixation reduction electrode), ensuring that the gas has sufficient contact with the concrete wall. At the same time, during the printing process of the 3D printed concrete wall, layered heat dissipation channels 2 are printed. The heat dissipation channels 2 are connected to an external liquid circulation pump 10 through pipes.

[0029] The electrode module includes a zinc electrode 4, an oxygen circulation electrode 5, and a carbon fixation reduction electrode 6, all embedded in the 3D-printed concrete wall. A block-shaped zinc plate is pre-embedded inside the 3D-printed concrete wall as the zinc electrode. An oxygen circulation electrode 5 is coated on the outer surface of the concrete wall (i.e., the solar photovoltaic panel side), and a carbon fixation reduction electrode 6 is coated on the inner surface of the concrete wall. A gas distribution box 7 is installed outside the carbon fixation reduction electrode 6. Its inlet is connected to a gas inlet pipe 8, and its outlet is located at the carbon fixation reduction electrode 6. This box is used to extract carbon dioxide from industrial waste gas and introduce it into the electrode, ensuring a good reaction concentration and sufficient reaction time for the electrochemical reaction. The gas inlet pipe 8 is used to introduce industrial waste gas into the gas distribution box 7.

[0030] The coating material of the oxygen cycling electrode 5 comprises four parts: a bifunctional catalyst, a conductive support, a binder, and a solvent. The bifunctional catalyst ensures efficient oxygen reduction (ORR) during nighttime discharge and efficient oxygen evolution (OER) during daytime charging, achieving reversible cycling. The conductive support ensures the electrode has sufficient reaction sites and an efficient electron transport network. The binder imparts appropriate hydrophobicity to the electrode, preventing complete electrolyte wetting while ensuring effective formation of the three-phase interface. The solvent mixes the solid materials into a uniform slurry, giving it good rheological properties for uniform coating on the wall surface. In this embodiment, the preferred coating material for the oxygen cycling electrode is 0.5 parts of manganese dioxide (MnO2) as the bifunctional catalyst, 1 part of carbon nanotubes as the conductive support, 0.25 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as the binder, and 3.75 parts of isopropanol as the solvent.

[0031] The coating material of the carbon fixation reduction electrode 6 comprises four parts: a CO2 reduction catalyst, a conductive support, a binder, and a solvent. This electrode is a dedicated reduction electrode used to achieve carbon fixation through carbon dioxide mineralization. The CO2 reduction catalyst ensures that the introduced CO2 gas can be efficiently reduced to CO3. 2- It exhibits high product selectivity, rather than producing byproducts such as CO or formic acid that have no carbon fixation value, thereby maximizing the Faraday efficiency of carbon fixation. In this embodiment, the preferred coating material for the carbon fixation reduction electrode is 0.8 parts of nano-tin as the CO2 reduction catalyst, 1 part of carbon nanotubes as the conductive carrier, 0.25 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as the binder, and 3.75 parts of isopropanol as the solvent.

[0032] The energy and thermal management module includes solar photovoltaic panels 3 installed on the outside of the 3D-printed concrete wall and heat dissipation channels 2 installed inside the 3D-printed concrete wall. In this embodiment, solar photovoltaic panels 3 are installed on the roof and south-facing exterior wall of the building. Circulating water is provided in the heat dissipation channels 2 as a coolant, and the heat dissipation channels 2 are connected to a liquid circulation pump 10 through pipes. The liquid circulation pump drives the coolant in the heat dissipation channels to circulate and dissipate heat, conduct heat released by electrochemical reactions, reduce the operating temperature of the concrete battery, and improve the charging and discharging efficiency.

[0033] The control unit is a central controller 9, which is connected to the electrode module, solar photovoltaic panel, liquid circulation pump and integrated sensor. It is used to control the electrochemical reaction of the concrete matrix unit to carry out charging and discharging and switch carbon fixation modes according to preset conditions such as light intensity, power demand and gas concentration.

[0034] Meanwhile, when the system's operating efficiency decreases, the production waste liquid containing calcium chloride is sprayed onto the surface of the 3D printed concrete wall, which can continuously promote the hydration reaction of the concrete wall and provide a calcium ion source for the electrochemical reaction.

[0035] The method of using the integrated energy storage and carbon sequestration system for concrete structures according to the present invention includes: (1) At night or when there is insufficient light, the integrated sensor 11 detects that the solar photovoltaic panel 3 is not receiving enough light and sends a signal to the central controller 9. The central controller 9 disconnects from the solar photovoltaic panel 3 and connects the zinc electrode 4 and the oxygen circulation electrode 5 to the electrical load. The system operates as a zinc-air battery, and the zinc electrode undergoes an oxidation reaction Zn→Zn. 2+ +2e - The oxygen circulation electrode undergoes a reduction reaction: O2 + 2H2O + 4e- - →4OH - The system outputs electrical energy. At this time, zinc is consumed, releasing electrical energy to meet the building's nighttime needs for motion-sensor lighting, security, and some electrical appliances. Simultaneously, the concentration of zinc ions in the concrete electrolyte increases.

[0036] (2) During the day or when there is sufficient sunlight, the solar photovoltaic panels generate electricity and apply a preset voltage to the concrete cells through the central controller 9, so that the zinc ions Zn dissolved in the concrete wall are released. 2+ A reduction reaction of Zn occurs at the original anode location. 2+ +2e - →Zn undergoes oxidation at oxygen circulation electrode 5, resulting in 4OH⁻. - →O2 + 2H2O + 4e - This enables charging and regeneration of the zinc electrode.

[0037] (3) When there is residual electrical energy after the zinc electrode is reduced, the central controller 9 applies electricity between the oxygen circulation electrode 5 and the carbon fixation reduction electrode 6. Simultaneously, waste gas CO2 is introduced from the gas inlet pipe 8 into the gas diversion and distribution box 7 to the surface of the carbon fixation reduction electrode 6. The reduction reaction CO2 + H2O + 2e- occurs at the carbon fixation reduction electrode 6. - →CO3 2- +2H + An oxidation reaction 4OH occurs at electrode 5 of the oxygen circulation system. - →O2 + 2H2O + 4e - The generated carbonate ions react with calcium ions in the concrete wall to form a precipitation mixture (Ca). 2+ +CO3 2- →CaCO3↓, achieving the mineralization and fixation of carbon dioxide.

Claims

1. An integrated energy storage and carbon sequestration system for concrete structures, characterized in that, include: A concrete matrix unit, comprising a 3D-printed concrete structure, an electrode module, and an energy and thermal management module; The 3D printed concrete structure is 3D printed from a slurry containing a calcium ion source and conductive filler. The electrode module includes a zinc electrode, an oxygen circulation electrode, and a carbon fixation and reduction electrode disposed on a 3D printed concrete structure. The zinc electrode is embedded inside the concrete structure, the oxygen circulation electrode is disposed on the outer surface of the 3D printed concrete structure, and the carbon fixation and reduction electrode is disposed on the inner surface of the 3D printed concrete structure. The 3D printed concrete structure, the zinc electrode, the oxygen circulation electrode, and the carbon fixation and reduction electrode constitute a concrete battery and a carbon fixation structure. The energy and thermal management module includes a solar photovoltaic panel located on the outside of the 3D printed concrete structure and a heat dissipation channel integrally formed during the printing process of the 3D printed concrete structure for conducting the heat released by the electrochemical reaction. The control unit is used to control the electrochemical reaction of the concrete matrix unit to charge and discharge or fix carbon according to preset conditions.

2. The integrated energy storage and carbon sequestration system for concrete structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The 3D printed concrete structure has pores that are printed in a gradient from small to large from the inside out to the two sides of the surface.

3. The integrated energy storage and carbon sequestration system for concrete structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, A gas splitter and distribution box is set at the carbon reduction electrode to introduce the reaction gas.

4. The integrated energy storage and carbon sequestration system for concrete structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calcium ion source is calcium chloride, calcium hydroxide, or a combination thereof.

5. The integrated energy storage and carbon sequestration system for concrete structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductive filler is carbon fiber, graphite powder, carbon nanotubes, or a combination thereof.

6. The integrated energy storage and carbon sequestration system for concrete structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oxygen circulation electrode and carbon reduction electrode are coating materials applied to the surface of the 3D printed concrete structure, including catalyst, conductive carrier, binder and solvent.

7. The integrated energy storage and carbon sequestration system for concrete structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a detection unit for detecting the light intensity, power demand, and gas concentration of the concrete matrix unit, and sending the detection results to the control unit.

8. A method of using the integrated energy storage and carbon sequestration system for concrete structures according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, include: (1) At night or when there is insufficient sunlight, the control unit disconnects from the solar photovoltaic panel and connects the zinc electrode and oxygen circulation electrode to the electrical load. The system operates as a zinc-air battery, and the zinc electrode undergoes an oxidation reaction Zn→Zn. 2+ +2e - The oxygen circulation electrode undergoes a reduction reaction: O2 + 2H2O + 4e- - →4OH - The system outputs electrical energy to the outside world; this process is a discharge mode. (2) During the day or when there is sufficient sunlight, the solar photovoltaic panel generates electricity, and the control unit applies a preset voltage to the concrete cell with a potential between the reduction potentials of zinc and calcium, so that the zinc ions Zn dissolved in the 3D printed concrete structure can be released. 2+ The reduction reaction Zn occurs at the original zinc electrode site. 2+ +2e - →Zn, re-electroplated onto the zinc anode, undergoes an oxidation reaction at the oxygen circulation electrode. 4OH - →O2 + 2H2O + 4e - This process can be either a charging mode or a zinc electrode regeneration mode. (3) When there is residual electrical energy after the zinc electrode is reduced, the control unit applies electricity between the oxygen circulation electrode and the carbon fixation reduction electrode, and at the same time, exhaust gas CO2 is introduced to the surface of the carbon fixation reduction electrode, where the reduction reaction CO2 + H2O + 2e occurs. - →CO3 2- +2H + The generated carbonate ions react with the calcium ion source in the 3D printed concrete structure to form Ca. 2+ +CO3 2- →CaCO3↓, achieving carbon dioxide mineralization and fixation, and 4OH- occurs at the oxygen circulation electrode. - →O2 + 2H2O + 4e - To balance the charge, this process is a carbon fixation mode.

9. The method of using the integrated energy storage and carbon sequestration system for concrete structures according to claim 8, characterized in that, A DC-DC voltage converter is installed between the solar photovoltaic panel and the concrete battery, and then connected to the control unit.

10. The method of using the integrated energy storage and carbon sequestration system for concrete structures according to claim 8, characterized in that, During charging mode or zinc electrode regeneration mode, the control unit drives the coolant in the heat dissipation channel to circulate and dissipate heat through a liquid circulation pump.

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