Joint sensing and communication signal configuration for frequency modulated continuous wave transmission

Abstract

A user equipment (UE) may receive a transmit grant message. Sending the grant message may include frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) sensing and communication configuration. The FMCW sensing and communication configuration may include a first indicator of a set of FMCW sensing offsets and a second indicator of a set of FMCW communication offsets. The UE may receive a reflection of the set of FMCW sensing signals from the target object. The UE may measure a received reflection of the set of FMCW sensing signals based on the first indicator. The UE may calculate a position of the target object based on the measured received reflections. The UE may output a third indicator of the calculated location of the target object, for example by sending the third indicator or by storing the third indicator on a memory of the UE.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates generally to communication systems, and more specifically to wireless sensing and communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunications services, such as telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0003] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at the city, national, regional, and even global levels. An example telecommunications standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the Continuous Evolution of Mobile Broadband (CEM) program issued by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with the Internet of Things (IoT),) and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR can be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. Further improvements to 5G NR technology are needed. Furthermore, these improvements can also be applied to other multiple access technologies and telecommunications standards that adopt these technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The following is a simplified summary of one or more aspects to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not a comprehensive overview of all conceived aspects. It neither identifies key or essential elements of all aspects nor describes the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed descriptions that follow.

[0005] In one aspect of this disclosure, a method, computer-readable medium, and apparatus are provided. The apparatus may include a wireless device, such as a user equipment (UE) or a transmit-receive point (TRP). The apparatus may receive a transmission permission message. The transmission permission message may include a frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) sensing and communication configuration. The FMCW sensing and communication configuration may include a first indicator of a set of FMCW sensing offsets and a second indicator of a set of FMCW communication offsets. The apparatus may receive reflections of a set of FMCW sensing signals from a target object. The apparatus may measure the received reflections of the set of FMCW sensing signals based on the first indicator. The apparatus may calculate the position of the target object based on the measured received reflections. The apparatus may receive a set of FMCW communication signals. The apparatus may process the set of FMCW communication signals based on the second indicator. The apparatus may output a third indicator of the calculated position of the target object, for example, by transmitting the third indicator or by storing the third indicator in the memory of the apparatus.

[0006] In one aspect of this disclosure, a method, computer-readable medium, and apparatus are provided. The apparatus may include a network node. The apparatus may send a transmission permission message. The transmission permission message may include an FMCW sensing and communication configuration. The FMCW sensing and communication configuration may include a first indicator of a set of FMCW sensing offsets and a second indicator of a set of FMCW communication offsets. The apparatus may send a set of FMCW sensing signals based on a chirp length and the set of FMCW sensing offsets. The apparatus may send a set of FMCW communication signals based on the set of FMCW communication offsets. The apparatus may receive a third indicator of the location of a target object based on the set of FMCW sensing signals.

[0007] To achieve the foregoing and related objectives, one or more aspects may include the features fully described below and specifically pointed out in the claims. The following description and drawings set forth some exemplary features of one or more aspects in detail. However, these features indicate only a few of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects may be employed. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0009] Figure 2A This is an illustration of an example of the first frame according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0010] Figure 2B This is a diagram illustrating examples of downlink (DL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0011] Figure 2C This is an illustration of an example of a second frame according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0012] Figure 2D This is a diagram illustrating examples of uplink (UL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0013] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating examples of base stations and user equipment (UEs) in an access network.

[0014] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example of sensing based on the measurement of the reflection of a sensed signal.

[0015] Figure 5A This is a diagram illustrating an example of frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) chirping.

[0016] Figure 5B This is a diagram illustrating an example of sensing based on a sensing signal with FMCW chirp.

[0017] Figure 6 These are several illustrations illustrating examples of FMCW-based sensing signals with different cyclic shifts.

[0018] Figure 7A This is a diagram illustrating another example of FMCW chirping.

[0019] Figure 7B This is a diagram illustrating an example of a set of FMCW chirps transmitted simultaneously using different shift offsets based on the same bandwidth and the same duration.

[0020] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless device receiving both sensing signals and communication signals originating from the same wireless device.

[0021] Figure 9 This is a communication flowchart illustrating an example of a wireless device receiving both sensing signals and communication signals originating from the same wireless device.

[0022] Figure 10 This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method.

[0023] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method.

[0024] Figure 12 These are illustrations illustrating specific hardware implementations used for example devices and / or network entities.

[0025] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation used for an example network entity.

[0026] Figure 14 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation used for an example network entity. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The following description relates to examples intended to illustrate the innovative aspects of this disclosure. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the teachings herein can be applied in numerous ways. Some or all of the examples described can be applied in Bluetooth systems that meet the requirements of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11, IEEE 802.15, or Bluetooth as defined by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). ® The described examples can be implemented in any device, system, or network that transmits and receives radio frequency (RF) signals using one or more of the following standards, or standards such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), 3G, 4G, or 5G (New Radio (NR)) published by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The examples described can be implemented in any device, system, or network capable of transmitting and receiving RF signals according to one or more of the following technologies or techniques: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA), Rate Split Multiple Access (RSMA), Multi-User Shared Access (MUSA), Single-User (SU) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), and Multi-User (MU) MIMO. The examples described can also be implemented using other wireless communication protocols or RF signals suitable for use in one or more of the following wireless personal area networks (WPAN), wireless local area networks (WLAN), wireless wide area networks (WWAN), wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), or Internet of Things (IoT) networks.

[0028] Various aspects generally relate to wireless sensing and communication systems. Some aspects more specifically relate to devices that simultaneously perform both wireless sensing and wireless communication based on the same bandwidth and duration. In some examples, the wireless device may receive a transmission permission message. The wireless device may include a user equipment (UE), a base station, or a transmit / receive point (TRP). The transmission permission message may include a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) sensing and communication configuration. The FMCW sensing and communication configuration may include a first indicator of a set of FMCW sensing offsets and a second indicator of a set of FMCW communication offsets. The wireless device may receive reflections of a set of FMCW sensing signals from a target object. The wireless device may measure the received reflections of that set of FMCW sensing signals based on the first indicator. The wireless device may calculate the location of the target object based on the measured received reflections. The wireless device may output a third indicator of the calculated location of the target object, for example, by transmitting the third indicator or by storing the third indicator in the memory of the UE.

[0029] In some examples, a network node can send a transmission permission message. This transmission permission message may include FMCW sensing and communication configuration. The FMCW sensing and communication configuration may include a first indicator of a set of FMCW sensing offsets and a second indicator of a set of FMCW communication offsets. The network node may transmit a set of FMCW sensing signals based on the chirp length and the set of FMCW sensing offsets. The network node may transmit a set of FMCW communication signals based on the set of FMCW communication offsets. The network node may receive a third indicator of the target object's location based on the set of FMCW sensing signals.

[0030] Since long FMCW chirps used for sensing rather than communication can lead to low radio resource utilization, using the same FMCW chirp for both sensing and communication may be beneficial for improving radio resource utilization. Sensing transmitters and receivers can utilize FMCW-based ISAC waveforms for joint sensing and communication. In some aspects, sensing transmitters and receivers can utilize CSI reporting operations to determine the sensing / communication parameters of such a waveform. In some aspects, network nodes (e.g., next-generation node B (gNB)) can simultaneously transmit sensing and communication signals based on FMCW chirps with the same bandwidth and duration. The sensing and communication signals can have different shift offsets. Network nodes can configure radio devices (such as UEs or another network node (e.g., base stations, TRPs)) to report joint CSI with respect to sensing-related parameters and communication-related parameters of the FMCW chirp. In some aspects, network nodes can configure radio devices using FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration and FMCW-based Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) CSI reporting configuration. Network nodes can transmit FMCW-based CSI-RS to wireless devices over a communication link. Wireless devices can measure the FMCW-based CSI-RS to determine FMCW chirp parameters and can respond using a joint FMCW-based CSI report for ISAC. Network nodes can send FMCW-based ISAC transmission permission, which indicates the chirp length and shift offset used for sensing and communication. Network nodes can determine the FMCW transmission format based on reports from wireless devices. Network nodes can transmit ISAC-based FMCW signals for both sensing and communication. In some aspects, the network node or wireless device can configure the sampling rate (and therefore the chirp length).

[0031] Specific aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, the described techniques can be used to improve radio resource utilization by transmitting and receiving both sensing signals and communication signals during the same time period and using the same bandwidth based on using different offsets relative to each other for the sensing signals and communication signals. The same FMCW chirp can be used for both wireless sensing and wireless communication. In some aspects, wireless devices and network nodes can be configured to utilize Channel State Information (CSI) reporting operations to optimize and select parameters for the sensing signals and / or communication signals used in the FMCW waveform. Such systems can improve radio resource utilization efficiency and spectral efficiency. Such systems enable low-end UEs to receive both sensing signals and communication signals. Such systems can reduce the power consumption of mid-range and / or high-end wireless devices receiving both sensing signals and communication signals.

[0032] The detailed descriptions following, illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, describe various configurations and do not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. To provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts, the detailed descriptions include specific details. However, these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring these concepts.

[0033] Various apparatuses and methods are presented with reference to several aspects of a telecommunications system. These apparatuses and methods are described in detail below and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively, “elements”). These elements can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the system as a whole.

[0034] As an example, an element, any part of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a "processing system" including one or more processors. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform functions individually or in combination. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, system-on-a-chip (SoCs), baseband processors, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gate logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionalities described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system may execute software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other terms, software should be broadly interpreted as instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof.

[0035] Therefore, in one or more example aspects, specific implementations, and / or use cases, the described functionality may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality may be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media. Storage media can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, such computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disc storage devices, magnetic disk storage devices, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures accessible by a computer.

[0036] While aspects, implementations, and / or use cases are described herein by way of example, additional or different aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may arise in many different arrangements and scenarios. The aspects, implementations, and / or use cases described herein can be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and package arrangements. For example, aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may arise via integrated chip implementations and other devices based on non-modular components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, AI-enabled devices, etc.). While some examples may or may not be specific to a use case or application, the described examples may exhibit broad applicability. Aspects, implementations, and / or use cases can range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level implementations, and further to aggregated, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more of the technologies described herein. In some practical settings, devices incorporating the described aspects and features may also include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals may include multiple components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.). The techniques described herein can be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or decomposed components, end-user equipment, etc., of various sizes, shapes, and configurations.

[0037] The deployment of communication systems such as 5G NR systems can be arranged in a variety of ways using various components or parts. In a 5G NR system or network, network nodes, network entities, network mobility elements, radio access network (RAN) nodes, core network nodes, network elements or network equipment (such as base stations (BS)) or one or more units (or components) performing base station functions can be implemented in aggregated or decomposed architectures. For example, BSs (such as Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP), transmit / receive point (TRP), or cell, etc.) can be implemented as aggregated base stations (also known as standalone BS or monolithic BS) or decomposed base stations.

[0038] Aggregated base stations can be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. Decomposed base stations can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed across two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some respects, the CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other RAN nodes. DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, namely a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0039] Base station operation or network design can take into account the aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, decomposed base stations can be utilized in Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) networks, Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN (such as network configurations initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or Virtualized Radio Access Networks (vRAN, also known as Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RAN)). Decomposition can include distributing functionality across two or more units in various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing the functionality of at least one unit, which enables flexibility in network design. The various units of a decomposed base station or decomposed RAN architecture can be configured to communicate wirelessly with at least one other unit.

[0040] Figure 1 Figure 100 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system and access network. The illustrated wireless communication system includes a decomposed base station architecture. The decomposed base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110, which may communicate directly with the core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 via one or more decomposed base station units, such as a near real-time (near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) framework 105, or both. CUs 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via a corresponding midhaul link (such as an F1 interface). DUs 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via a corresponding fronthaul link. RUs 140 may communicate with a corresponding UE 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 140.

[0041] Each of the units (i.e., CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125, non-RT RIC 115, and SMO frame 105) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via wired or wireless transmission media. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of these units, may be configured to communicate with one or more other units via transmission media. For example, these units may include wired interfaces configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more other units via wired transmission media. Additionally, these units may include wireless interfaces that may include receivers, transmitters, or transceivers (such as RF transceivers) configured to receive signals via wireless transmission media and / or transmit signals to one or more other units.

[0042] In some aspects, the CU 110 can host one or more higher-level control functions. Such control functions may include Radio Resource Control (RRC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function can be implemented using an interface configured to signal to other control functions hosted by the CU 110. The CU 110 can be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit-User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit-Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 110 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP units via an interface such as an E1 interface. The CU 110 may be implemented, as appropriate, to communicate with the DU 130 for network control and signaling.

[0043] DU 130 may correspond to a logic unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RU 140s. In some aspects, DU 130 may at least partially host one or more of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Media Access Control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) according to functional splits (such as those defined by 3GPP). In some aspects, DU 130 may also host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signaling with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 130 or with control functions hosted by CU 110.

[0044] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RU 140s. In some deployments, an RU140 controlled by a DU 130 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or both, based at least in part on functional decomposition (such as lower-layer functional decomposition). In such architectures, the RU 140 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UE 104s. In some specific implementations, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RU 140 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration enables the implementation of the DU 130 and CU 110 in cloud-based RAN architectures such as vRAN architectures.

[0045] SMO framework 105 can be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of both non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, SMO framework 105 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via operation and maintenance interfaces such as the O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, SMO framework 105 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform such as Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 190 to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface such as the O2 interface. Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125. In some implementations, SMO framework 105 can communicate with the hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as Open eNB (O-eNB) 111) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, SMO framework 105 can communicate directly with one or more RU 140s via the O1 interface. SMO framework 105 may also include a non-RT RIC 115 configured to support the functionality of SMO framework 105.

[0046] The non-RT RIC 115 can be configured to include logical functions enabling non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, including artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) workflows for model training and updates, or policy-based guidance for applications / features in the near-RT RIC 125. The non-RT RIC 115 can be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 125, such as via an A1 interface. The near-RT RIC 125 can be configured to include logical functions enabling near real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via an interface, such as an E2 interface, connecting one or more CU 110s, one or more DU 130s, or both, and O-eNBs to the near-RT RIC 125.

[0047] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 125, the non-RT RIC 115 can receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. This information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 125 and can be received from non-network data sources or network functions at the SMO framework 105 or the non-RT RIC 115. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 115 or near-RT RIC 125 can be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 115 can monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and use AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO framework 105 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or by creating RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0048] At least one of CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 may be referred to as base station 102. Therefore, base station 102 may include one or more of CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 (each component is indicated by a dashed line to indicate that each component may or may not be included in base station 102). Base station 102 provides UE 104 with an access point to core network 120. Base station 102 may include macro cells (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cells (low-power cellular base stations). Small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells. A network that includes both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include an evolved home node B (eNB) (HeNB), which can provide service to a restricted group referred to as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link between RU 140 and UE 104 may include uplink (UL) transmission (also known as reverse link) from UE 104 to RU 140 and / or downlink (DL) transmission (also known as forward link) transmission from RU 140 to UE 104. The communication link may utilize multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna techniques, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may use one or more carriers. For each direction, the total number of carriers used for transmission can be up to [number missing]. Yx MHz ( x For each carrier allocated in carrier aggregation (of component carriers), base station 102 / UE 104 can use up to [number] carriers. Y A spectrum with a bandwidth of MHz (e.g., 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz, 100MHz, 400MHz, etc.). Carriers may be adjacent to each other or may not be adjacent to each other. Carrier allocation may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to DL compared to UL). Component carriers may include primary component carriers and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as the primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carrier may be referred to as the secondary cell (SCell).

[0049] Some UEs 104 can communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. D2D communication link 158 can use DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. D2D communication link 158 can use one or more sidelink channels, such as Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH), Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH), Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), and Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH). D2D communication can be performed through various wireless D2D communication systems, such as Bluetooth. ™ (Bluetooth is a trademark of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), and is based on the IEEE 802.11 standard for Wi-Fi.)™ (Wi-Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance), LTE, or NR.

[0050] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi AP 150, which communicates with the UE 104 (also referred to as a Wi-Fi station (STA)) via a communication link 154, for example, in an unlicensed spectrum such as 5 GHz. When communicating in unlicensed spectrum, the UE 104 / AP 150 may perform a free channel assessment (CCA) to determine whether a channel is available before communication.

[0051] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc., based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been designated as frequency ranges FR1 (410MHz to 7.125GHz) and FR2 (24.25GHz to 52.6GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6GHz, FR1 is generally (interchangeably) referred to as the "sub-6GHz" band in various documents and articles. Similar naming issues sometimes occur with FR2, which is generally (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although this is distinct from the Extremely High Frequency (EHF) band (30GHz to 300GHz) designated as "millimeter wave" by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0052] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified the operating bands used for these mid-band frequencies as the frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz). Bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 and / or FR2 characteristics, thus effectively extending the features of FR1 and / or FR2 to mid-band frequencies. Furthermore, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as the frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6 GHz to 71 GHz), FR4 (71 GHz to 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz to 300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0053] In view of the above, unless otherwise specified, the term "below 6 GHz" as used herein can broadly refer to frequencies less than 6 GHz, within FR1, or including intermediate frequency band frequencies. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, the term "millimeter wave" as used herein can broadly refer to frequencies that can include intermediate frequency band frequencies, within FR2, FR4, FR2-2 and / or FR5, or within the EHF band.

[0054] Base station 102 and UE 104 may each include multiple antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming. Base station 102 may transmit beamformed signals 182 to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. UE 104 may receive beamformed signals from base station 102 in one or more receive directions. UE 104 may also transmit beamformed signals 184 to base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. Base station 102 may receive beamformed signals from UE 104 in one or more receive directions. Base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beamforming training to determine the optimal receive and transmit directions for each of base station 102 / UE 104. The transmit and receive directions of base station 102 may be the same or different. The transmit and receive directions of UE 104 may be the same or different.

[0055] Base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as gNB, Node B, eNB, access point, transceiver base station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), TRP, network node, network entity, network equipment, or some other suitable terminology. Base station 102 may be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, relay node, sidelink node, aggregated (monolithic) base station with baseband units (BBU) (including CU and DU) and RU, or may be implemented as a decomposed base station including one or more of CU, DU, and / or RU. A collection of base stations that may include decomposed base stations and / or aggregated base stations may be referred to as Next Generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0056] The core network 120 may include Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 161, Session Management Function (SMF) 162, User Plane Function (UPF) 163, Unified Data Management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. AMF 161 is the control node that handles signaling between UE 104 and the core network 120. AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. UDM 164 supports authentication and key agreement (AKA) credential generation, user identity processing, access authorization, and subscription management. One or more location servers 168 are exemplified as including a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 165 and a Location Management Function (LMF) 166. However, generally, one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of GMLC 165, LMF 166, Position Determination Entity (PDE), Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC), Mobile Location Center (MPC), etc. GMLC 165 and LMF 166 support UE location services. GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE location information. LMF 166 receives measurement and auxiliary information from NG-RAN and UE 104 via AMF 161 to calculate the location of UE 104. NG-RAN may use one or more positioning methods to determine the location of UE 104. Positioning UE 104 may involve signal measurement, location estimation, and optional rate calculation based on these measurements. Signal measurement may be performed by UE 104 and / or base station 102 serving UE 104. The measured signals may be based on one or more of the following: Satellite Positioning System (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Global Positioning System (GPS), Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) or other satellite positioning / location systems), LTE signals, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, Terrestrial Beacon System (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., barometric pressure sensor, motion sensor), NR Enhanced Cell ID (NR E-CID) method, NR signals (e.g., multiple round-trip time (multiple RTT), DL departure angle (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL angle of arrival (UL-AoA) positioning) and / or other systems / signals / sensors.

[0057] Examples of UE 104 include cellular phones, smartphones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, GPS devices, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablets, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electricity meters, air pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similarly functional device. Some UEs in UE 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, air pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, mobile station, subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, mobile phone, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology. In some scenarios, the term UE may also be applied to one or more companion devices, such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may access the network together and / or individually.

[0058] Refer again Figure 1In some aspects, base station 102 and / or UE 104 may have a sensing and communication signal receiving component 198 that can be configured to receive a transmission permission message. The transmission permission message may include FMCW sensing and communication configuration. The FMCW sensing and communication configuration may include a first indicator of a set of FMCW sensing offsets and a second indicator of a set of FMCW communication offsets. The sensing and communication signal receiving component 198 may be configured to receive a set of FMCW sensing signals reflected from a target object. The sensing and communication signal receiving component 198 may be configured to measure the received reflections of the set of FMCW sensing signals based on the first indicator. The sensing and communication signal receiving component 198 may be configured to calculate the position of the target object based on the measured received reflections. The sensing and communication signal receiving component 198 may be configured to receive a set of FMCW communication signals. The sensing and communication signal receiving component 198 may be configured to process the set of FMCW communication signals based on the second indicator. The sensing and communication signal receiving component 198 can be configured to output a third indicator of the calculated location of the target object, for example, by transmitting a third indicator or by storing the third indicator in the memory of the UE 104. In some aspects, the base station 102 may have a sensing and communication signal transmitting component 199 that can be configured to transmit a transmission permission message. The transmission permission message may include an FMCW sensing and communication configuration. The FMCW sensing and communication configuration may include a first indicator of a set of FMCW sensing offsets and a second indicator of a set of FMCW communication offsets. The sensing and communication signal transmitting component 199 can be configured to transmit a set of FMCW sensing signals based on a chirp length and a set of FMCW sensing offsets. The sensing and communication signal transmitting component 199 can be configured to transmit a set of FMCW communication signals based on a set of FMCW communication offsets. The sensing and communication signal transmitting component 199 can be configured to receive a third indicator of the target object's location based on the set of FMCW sensing signals. In other words, the sensing and communication signal transmitting component 199 can configure the set of FMCW sensing signals and the set of FMCW communication signals to be transmitted using the same bandwidth and during the same duration, wherein the set of FMCW sensing offsets corresponds to the set of FMCW sensing signals and the set of FMCW communication offsets corresponds to the set of FMCW communication signals. The sensing and communication signal transmitting component 199 can send a configuration for receiving FMCW sensing and communication signals to the sensing and communication signal receiving component 198. Then, the network node can transmit the FMCW sensing and communication signals. On the other hand, the sensing and communication signal receiving component 198 can receive the communication and can measure the sensing signals and process the communication signals based on the offsets received from the sensing and communication signal transmitting component 199.

[0059] Figure 2AFigure 200 illustrates an example of the first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2B Figure 230 illustrates an example of a DL channel within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C Figure 250 is an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2D Figure 280 illustrates an example of a UL channel within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure can be Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) (where subframes within a specific set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) are dedicated to either DL or UL) or Time Division Duplex (TDD) (where subframes within a specific set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) are dedicated to both DL and UL). Figure 2A , Figure 2C In the provided example, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (most of which are DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible and can be used between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 1 (all of which are UL). Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown as having slot formats 1 and 28 respectively, any particular subframe can be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are both DL and UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mixture of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. The UE is configured using the slot format via the received Slot Format Indicator (SFI) (dynamically configured via DL Control Information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically configured via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to the 5G NR frame structure as TDD.

[0060] Figures 2A to 2DThe frame structure is illustrated, and aspects of this disclosure are applicable to other wireless communication technologies that may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (10 ms) can be divided into 10 equal-sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. Subframes may also include micro-time slots, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each time slot may include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For normal CP, each time slot may include 14 symbols, and for extended CP, each time slot may include 12 symbols. Symbols on the DL may be CP Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbols. Symbols on the UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high-throughput scenarios) or Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) Extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (for power-constrained scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of time slots within a subframe is based on the CP and a parameter set. The parameter set defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) (see Table 1). Symbol length / duration can be scaled with 1 / SCS. Table 1: Parameter Set, SCS, and CP

[0061] For a normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different parameter sets µ 0 through 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For the extended CP, parameter set 2 allows 4 slots per subframe. Therefore, for a normal CP and parameter set µ, there are 14 symbols per slot and 2 slots per subframe. µ One time slot. The subcarrier spacing can be equal to ,in The parameter sets are 0 to 4. Therefore, the subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz for parameter set µ=0 and 240 kHz for parameter set µ=4. The symbol length / duration is negatively correlated with the subcarrier spacing. Figures 2A to 2D Examples of a normal frequency division multiplexing (CP) with 14 symbols per time slot and a parameter set of µ=2 with 4 time slots per subframe are provided. The time slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs. Within the frame set, there may be one or more distinct bandwidth portions (BWPs) of frequency division multiplexing (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 2B Each BWP can have a specific set of parameters and CP (normal or extended).

[0062] A resource grid can be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot consists of a resource block (RB) extending for 12 consecutive subcarriers (also known as a physical RB (PRB)). The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0063] like Figure 2A As illustrated, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. RS may include demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS), beam refinement RS (BRRS), and phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0064] Figure 2B Examples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) carries the DCI within one or more Control Channel Elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), each CCE comprising six RE Groups (REGs), each REG comprising 12 consecutive REs in the OFDM symbol of the RB. A PDCCH within a BWP can be referred to as a Control Resource Set (CORESET). The UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in the PDCCH search space (e.g., the common search space, the UE-specific search space) during PDCCH monitoring timing on the CORESET, where the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at higher and / or lower frequencies on the channel bandwidth. The Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) may be located within symbol 2 of a specific subframe of the frame. The PSS is used by the UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identification. The Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) may be located within symbol 4 of a specific subframe of the frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the Physical Layer Cell Identifier Group Number and radio frame timing. Based on the Physical Layer Identifier and the Physical Layer Cell Identifier Group Number, the UE can determine the Physical Cell Identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the DM-RS. The Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), carrying the Master Information Block (MIB), can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a Synchronization Signal (SS) / PBCH block (also known as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the System Frame Number (SFN) and the number of Restricted Frames (RBs) in the system bandwidth. The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted via the PBCH (such as System Information Blocks (SIBs)), and paging messages.

[0065] like Figure 2CAs illustrated, some REs in the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE can transmit DM-RS for the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS can be transmitted in the first or first two symbols of the PUSCH. Depending on whether a short or long PUCCH is transmitted and depending on the specific PUCCH format used, the PUCCH DM-RS can be transmitted in different configurations. The UE can transmit a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS). The SRS can be transmitted in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS can have a comb structure, and the UE can transmit the SRS on one of the comb teeth. The SRS can be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0066] Figure 2D Examples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicators (CQI), pre-decoding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs (NACKs)). The PUCCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry buffer status reports (BSR), power clearance reports (PHR), and / or UCIs.

[0067] Figure 3This is a block diagram illustrating communication between base station 310 and UE 350 in the access network. In the DL, Internet Protocol (IP) packets can be provided to controller / processor 375. Controller / processor 375 implements Layer 3 and Layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and Layer 2 includes the Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-Radio Access Technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the delivery of upper-layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel priority ordering.

[0068] Transmit (TX) processor 316 and receive (RX) processor 370 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1 (which includes the physical (PHY) layer) may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) decoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. TX processor 316 processes the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-order phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-order quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The decoded and modulated symbols can then be divided into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to OFDM subcarriers, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domains, and then combined using inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a stream of time-domain OFDM symbols. The OFDM stream undergoes spatial pre-decoding to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from channel estimator 374 can be used to determine decoding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. Channel estimates can be derived from reference signals and / or channel state feedback transmitted by UE 350. Each spatial stream can then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx can utilize the corresponding spatial stream to modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier for transmission.

[0069] At UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives signals via its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides that information to the receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and RX processor 356 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial stream destined for UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for UE 350, the RX processor 356 can combine them into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 then uses a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to transform the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal consists of a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols and reference signals on each subcarrier are recovered and demodulated by determining the most probable signal constellation points transmitted by base station 310. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by channel estimator 358. The soft decision is then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted by base station 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0070] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with at least one memory 360 storing program code and data. The at least one memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between transport and logical channels to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operation.

[0071] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with DL transmission performed by base station 310, controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connectivity, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with upper-layer PDU delivery, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel priority ordering.

[0072] The TX processor 368 can use the reference signal transmitted from the base station 310 or the channel estimate derived from feedback by the channel estimator 358 to select an appropriate decoding and modulation scheme and facilitate spatial processing. The spatial stream generated by the TX processor 368 can be provided to different antennas 352 via individual transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate an RF carrier for transmission.

[0073] UL transmission is processed at base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver function at UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives signals via its corresponding antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides that information to RX processor 370.

[0074] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with at least one memory 376 storing program code and data. The at least one memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets between transport and logical channels. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operation.

[0075] At least one of the TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and controller / processor 359 can be configured to combine Figure 1 The sensing and communication signal receiving component 198 performs various functions.

[0076] At least one of the TX processor 316, RX processor 370, and controller / processor 375 can be configured to combine Figure 1 The sensing and communication signal receiving component 198 performs various functions.

[0077] At least one of the TX processor 316, RX processor 370, and controller / processor 375 can be configured to combine Figure 1 The sensing and communication signal transmission component 199 performs various functions.

[0078] Figure 4Figure 400 illustrates an example of sensing based on measuring a sensing signal transmitted by one or more sensing signals reflected from a target object 403. A wireless device that transmits the sensing signal reflected from the target object may be referred to as a transmitter node. A wireless device that receives the reflected sensing signal and measures it to perform sensing may be referred to as a receiver node. In one aspect, wireless device 402 may perform monostation sensing. Wireless device 402 may act as both a transmitter node and a receiver node. Wireless device 402 may transmit a set 412 of sensing signals toward the target object 403, the target object 403 may reflect the set 412 of sensing signals toward wireless device 402 as a set 416 of reflected sensing signals, and wireless device 402 may measure the set 416 of reflected sensing signals from the target object 403. In another aspect, wireless devices 402 and 404 may perform bistation sensing. Wireless device 402 may act as a transmitter node, and wireless device 404 may act as a receiver node. Wireless device 402 can transmit a set 412 of sensing signals toward a target object 403. The target object 403 can reflect the set 412 of sensing signals toward wireless device 404 as a set 414 of reflected sensing signals. Wireless device 404 can measure the set 414 of reflected sensing signals from the target object 403. Alternatively, wireless devices 402 and 406 can perform multi-station sensing. For a first set of sensing signals, wireless device 402 can act as both a transmitter node and a receiver node, and for a second set of sensing signals, wireless device 406 acts as a transmitter node, while wireless device 402 acts as a receiver node. In addition to wireless device 402 using monostation sensing to measure a set 416 of reflected sensing signals from target object 403, wireless device 406 can transmit a set 418 of sensing signals toward target object 403. Target object 403 can reflect the set 418 of sensing signals toward wireless device 402 as a set 420 of reflected sensing signals, and wireless device 402 can measure the set 420 of reflected sensing signals from target object 403. On the other hand, wireless devices 402, 404, and 408 can perform multistation sensing. For a first set of sensing signals, wireless device 402 can act as a transmitter node, and wireless device 404 as a receiver node; for a second set of sensing signals, wireless device 408 acts as a transmitter node, and wireless device 404 acts as a receiver node.In addition to wireless device 404 using bi-station sensing to measure a set 414 of reflected sensing signals from target object 403, wireless device 408 can transmit a set 422 of sensing signals toward target object 403, target object 403 can reflect the set 422 of sensing signals toward wireless device 404 as a set 424 of reflected sensing signals, and wireless device 404 can measure the set 424 of reflected sensing signals from target object 403. Each wireless device can be any wireless device configured to transmit or receive wireless signals, such as a UE, network node, TRP, or base station. For example, wireless device 402 can be a network node configured to transmit a set 412 of sensing signals toward target object 403 and measure a set 416 of reflected sensing signals from target object 403. In another example, wireless device 402 can be a network node configured to transmit a set 412 of sensing signals toward target object 403, and wireless device 404 can be a UE configured to measure a set 414 of reflected sensing signals from target object 403.

[0079] Wireless device 402 can perform one or more sensing measurements on the set 416 and / or the set 420 of reflected sensing signals. In one aspect, wireless device 402 can calculate the distance or range between wireless device 402 and target object 403 based on the round-trip time (RTT) between when wireless device 402 transmits set 412 of sensing signals and when wireless device 402 receives set 416 of reflected sensing signals. In one aspect, wireless device 402 can calculate the distance or range traveled by set 418 of sensing signals and set 420 of reflected sensing signals based on the time between when wireless device 406 transmits set 418 of sensing signals and when wireless device 402 receives set 420 of reflected sensing signals. In one aspect, wireless device 402 can calculate the position of target object 403 based on multiple range or distance measurements (e.g., triangulation performed using the known positioning of wireless devices 402 and 406 and the calculated range or distance measurements). In one aspect, the wireless device 402 can calculate the velocity of the target object 403 based on: a first calculated position of the target object 403 obtained based on a set 416 and / or a set 420 of reflected sensing signals measured at a first time, and a second calculated position of the target object 403 obtained based on a set 416 and / or a set 420 of reflected sensing signals measured at a second time. In one aspect, the wireless device 402 can calculate the AoA of the set 416 of reflected sensing signals and / or the AoD of the set 412 of reflected sensing signals based on a plurality of ports transmitting the set 412 of reflected sensing signals and a plurality of ports receiving the set 416 of reflected sensing signals. In one aspect, the wireless device 402 can calculate the AoA of the set 420 of reflected sensing signals and / or the AoD of the set 418 of reflected sensing signals based on a plurality of ports transmitting the set 418 of reflected sensing signals and a plurality of ports receiving the set 420 of reflected sensing signals.

[0080] Similarly, wireless device 404 can perform one or more sensing measurements on the set 414 and / or the set 424 of reflected sensing signals. In one aspect, wireless device 404 can calculate the distance or range traveled by the set 412 and the set 414 of reflected sensing signals based on the time between when wireless device 402 transmits the set 412 of sensing signals and when wireless device 404 receives the set 414 of reflected sensing signals. In one aspect, wireless device 404 can calculate the distance or range traveled by the set 422 and the set 424 of reflected sensing signals based on the time between when wireless device 408 transmits the set 422 of sensing signals and when wireless device 404 receives the set 424 of reflected sensing signals. In one aspect, wireless device 404 can calculate the position of target object 403 based on multiple range or distance measurements (e.g., triangulation performed using the known locations of wireless devices 402, 404, and 408 and the calculated range or distance measurements). In one aspect, the wireless device 404 may calculate the velocity of the target object 403 based on: a first calculated position of the target object 403 obtained based on a set 414 and / or a set 424 of reflected sensing signals measured at a first time, and a second calculated position of the target object 403 obtained based on a set 414 and / or a set 424 of reflected sensing signals measured at a second time. In one aspect, the wireless device 404 may calculate the AoA of the set 414 of reflected sensing signals and / or the AoD of the set 412 of reflected sensing signals based on a plurality of ports transmitting the set 412 of reflected sensing signals and a plurality of ports receiving the set 414 of reflected sensing signals. In one aspect, the wireless device 404 may calculate the AoA of the set 424 of reflected sensing signals and / or the AoD of the set 422 of reflected sensing signals based on a plurality of ports transmitting the set 422 of reflected sensing signals and a plurality of ports receiving the set 424 of reflected sensing signals.

[0081] While a wireless device can sense parameters of target object 403 by measuring the set of reflections of sensing signals originating from transmitter nodes, such a wireless device can improve its sensing by measuring two or more sets of reflections of sensing signals originating from two or more transmitter nodes. For example, in addition to measuring the set 420 of reflections of sensing signals originating from wireless device 406 as a set 418 of sensing signals, wireless device 402 can improve its sensing by measuring the set 416 of reflections of sensing signals originating from wireless device 402 as a set 412 of sensing signals. In another example, in addition to measuring the set 424 of reflections of sensing signals originating from wireless device 408 as a set 422 of sensing signals, wireless device 404 can improve its sensing by measuring the set 414 of reflections of sensing signals originating from wireless device 402 as a set 412 of sensing signals.

[0082] Figure 5A Figure 500 illustrates an example of an FMCW chirp. The sensing signal can be based on such an FMCW chirp, which has a bandwidth of 502 and a starting frequency of 510 (…). The slope increases by 508 towards the end of the chirp. In other words, the chirp length is 504 ( The slope 508 and the bandwidth 502 of the FMCW chirp can determine the bandwidth of the chirp. In some respects, the start of the chirp can be padded using a cyclic prefix (CP) 506. In some respects, the CP 506 can be zero, which indicates zero padding before the FMCW chirp.

[0083] The maximum distance that can be sensed by a chirped FMCW sensor signal can be expressed as: .

[0084] It can be the sampling rate.

[0085] The slope of the chirp can be indicated, and it can be calculated as follows: .

[0086] It can indicate the bandwidth of the chirp.

[0087] It can indicate the length of the chirp.

[0088] Figure 5B Figure 550 illustrates an example of sensing based on a sensing signal, where the sensing signal can be a series of FMCW chirps, such as Figure 5AThe transmitting device may have an FMCW signal generator 552 that can generate an FMCW signal based on configurations such as offset, chirp length, and bandwidth. The FMCW signal generator can output the FMCW signal to a Tx antenna 554.

[0089] The transmitted FMCW signal can be specified as , .

[0090] It can indicate time, in seconds.

[0091] It can indicate the starting frequency of the FMCW chirp.

[0092] It can indicate the initial phase of a signal (e.g., a signal generated by the RF chain hardware at the TRP).

[0093] The slope of the chirp can be indicated, and it can be calculated as follows: .

[0094] The signal frequency of the FMCW signal can increase over time. , .

[0095] The FMCW sensing signal 555 can be reflected from the target object 556 as the reflected FMCW sensing signal 557. The receiving device may have an Rx antenna 558 for receiving the reflected FMCW sensing signal.

[0096] The received FMCW signal can be specified as .

[0097] It can indicate time, in seconds.

[0098] It can indicate the number of cycles in the FMCW signal.

[0099] Can indicate the path p Channel gain.

[0100] Can indicate the path p The estimated delay of the chirp, in seconds.

[0101] It can indicate the timing. t Noise at that location.

[0102] The receiving device may include an FMCW signal generator 560 configured to generate an FMCW signal based on a configuration. The configuration used by the FMCW signal generator 560 may be the same as that used by the FMCW signal generator 552. A mixer 562 may mix the received FMCW sensing signal with the FMCW signal generated from the FMCW signal generator 560. A low-pass filter (LPF) 564 may filter the mixed FMCW signal to provide it to a processor 566 for measuring the sensing signal. The processor 566 may be a baseband sensing processor.

[0103] After mixing the received FMCW signal using mixer 562 and filtering the mixed FMCW signal using LPF 564, the filtered FMCW signal can be designated as... .

[0104] It can indicate time, in seconds.

[0105] It can indicate the value of the signal after it passes through the LPF.

[0106] Can indicate the path p The equivalent channel gain.

[0107] Can indicate the path p The delay of the chirp is measured in seconds.

[0108] The slope of the chirp can be indicated, and it can be calculated as follows: .

[0109] The processor 566 can be based on estimated latency values. To derive the distance between the target object 556 and the Rx antenna 558.

[0110] Figure 6 Figures 602, 604, 606, and 608 illustrate examples of FMCW-based communication signals with different cyclic shifts. Figure 602 illustrates four symbols of an FMCW-based communication signal with a cyclic shift of zero. Figure 604 illustrates four symbols of an FMCW-based communication signal with a cyclic shift of 1x. Figure 606 illustrates four symbols of an FMCW-based communication signal with a cyclic shift of 2x. Figure 608 illustrates four symbols of an FMCW-based communication signal with a cyclic shift of 3x. As shown, the same cyclic shift value can be used in multiple symbols to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and / or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the received FMCW signal.

[0111] Such FMCW-based communication signals can be classified as chirped spread spectrum (CSS) modulation schemes, which can be used in LoRa (LoRa) communication technologies. These signals can be used in low-power wide-area networks (LP-WAN). Such FMCW-based communication signals are also suitable for providing lower SINR / SNR because they offer an efficient trade-off between bandwidth and data rate when the signal may be overwhelmed by noise (e.g., as low as -149 dBm). Such FMCW-based communication signals are also suitable for minimizing in-band interference because they are adaptable to fading and in-band interference. For example, a processor decoding an FMCW-based communication signal can decode packets in the presence of 95 dB of in-band single-tone interference.

[0112] In some respects, the expansion factor can be used ( SF ), where chirping can have There are cyclic shift candidate values, with an interval of . A transmitter that sends FMCW-based communication signals can (e.g., based on data bits from a set) (In the middle) Select the set of cyclic shift values, and can send the cyclically shifted FMCW chirped signal as In other words, up to SF The units digit can be selected by FMCW chirped cyclic shifting.

[0113] While FMCW-based sensing signals can be used to perform sensing on target objects, the sensing system's devices (such as transmitting devices) can choose large chirp lengths. This can increase the maximum sensing range or increase the post-processing SNR. In some respects, if the target object has a small radio cross-section (RCS) relative to other measured targets in the same area, the transmitting device can choose a large chirp length. However, if such a long FMCW chirp is used for sensing rather than communication, the sensing system may have low radio resource utilization.

[0114] To improve the radio resource utilization of a sensing system, the system can utilize the same FMCW chirp for both sensing and communication, thereby transmitting multiple FMCW chirs within the same time period using offsets. The transmitting device can use a duration... Multiple time points within the time frame, with one set of offsets used for sensing and another set for communication.

[0115] Figure 7AFigure 700 illustrates an example of another FMCW chirp having a bandwidth of 702, a chirp length of 704, a start frequency of 710, and a slope of 708. The FMCW chirp can begin at t=0 with a start frequency of 710, and the frequency can be made to increase linearly with a slope of 708 relative to the bandwidth of 702 towards the end of the chirp length of 704. In the next duration, the signal can begin a new chirp at the start frequency of 710.

[0116] Figure 7B This is an example based on Figure 7A Figure 750 shows an example set of FMCW chirps. Different shift offsets can be used. A set of FMCW chirps transmitted simultaneously based on the same bandwidth and duration. Some offsets in the offset can be used for sensing, such as... The chirping begins at [location], while other offsets can be used for communication, such as [other methods]. , , and Although Figure 750 illustrates a single offset that can be used for sensing and multiple offsets that can be used for communication, in some respects multiple offsets can be used for sensing and a single offset can be used for communication, or multiple offsets can be used for sensing and multiple offsets can be used for communication.

[0117] The transmitting device can be used Multiple time points within a duration are used to transmit sensing or communication signals. Each time point can be associated with a shift offset relative to the chirp start positioning. Related. In some respects, a first subset of the shift offset can be used for sensing, and a second subset of the shift offset can be used for communication. The first and second subsets can be non-overlapping.

[0118] In some respects, the UE can provide a shift offset to the network node for the network node to select a subset. In other respects, the shift offset can be associated with an indicator for using the offset for sensing or communication. For example, as shown in Figure 750, the UE can provide a single offset associated with sensing. and four offsets associated with communication , , and Each offset in the offsets associated with a task can be offset by a shift offset interval, such as the offset associated with communication. , , and The shift offset interval is 752. Network nodes can select the offset associated with communication used to send communication signals via offset selection based on data bits. , , and Select the set of offsets.

[0119] Figure 8 Figure 800 illustrates an example of both a set 812 of reflected sensing signals received by wireless device 806 and a set 808 of communication signals originating from wireless device 802. Wireless device 802 can be, for example, a UE, a TRP, or a network node. Wireless device 806 can be, for example, a UE, a TRP, or a network node. Wireless device 802 can transmit both FMCW sensing signals and FMCW communication signals during the same time period. Wireless device 802 can receive both FMCW sensing signals and FMCW communication signals during the same time period.

[0120] In some respects, the wireless device 806 can be a low-end capability device, such as a UE including an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with a low sampling rate, or an Internet of Things (IoT) device primarily dedicated to sensing. To reduce costs, the wireless device 806 can be configured to transmit and receive FMCW signals, but not to transmit and receive other types of signals using higher-capability hardware, such as LTE signals, NR signals, Wi-Fi signals, or NG-IoT signals.

[0121] In some respects, the wireless device 806 can be a mid-range or high-end capability device, such as a UE including an ADC with a high sampling rate. The wireless device 806 can transmit and receive both FMCW signals and other legacy communication signals. The wireless device 806 can be configured to transmit and receive FMCW signals based on a mode of the wireless device 806, such as a power-saving mode or a radio resource-saving mode.

[0122] Wireless device 802 can transmit a set 810 of sensing signals toward sensing area 814. The set 810 of sensing signals can be reflected from target object 804 as a set 812 of reflected sensing signals. Wireless device 802 can also transmit a set 808 of communication signals toward wireless device 806. Wireless device 806 can receive the set 812 of reflected sensing signals. Wireless device 806 can receive the set 808 of communication signals. Wireless device 806 can receive both the set 812 of reflected sensing signals and the set 808 of communication signals simultaneously over a given time period.

[0123] Wireless device 802 can use FMCW chirps (such as those with the same bandwidth and duration but different time offsets) that have the same bandwidth and duration. Figure 7BThe FMCW chirp shown is used to jointly / simultaneously transmit a set 810 of sensing signals and a set 808 of communication signals. For example, wireless device 802 may be a TRP with multiple RF hardware circuits and antennas, where each hardware circuit / antenna pair transmits discrete FMCW chirs using different shift offsets. To avoid mutual interference of signals at wireless device 806, wireless device 802 may configure wireless device 806 to report sensing-related parameters and communication-related parameters of the FMCW chirp in a joint CSI-RS. The joint ISAC CSI report from wireless device 806 to wireless device 802 may include, for example, the chirp length for sensing and the shift offset interval for communication.

[0124] Figure 9 This is a communication flowchart 900 illustrating an example of a wireless device 906 configured to receive both sensing signals and communication signals originating from a wireless device 902. Wireless device 902 can be a network node, a TRP, or a UE. Wireless device 906 can be a UE, a TRP, or a network node.

[0125] At 907, wireless device 902 can configure a set of CSI-RS 910. In other words, wireless device 902 can configure an FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration for the set of CSI-RS 910 transmitted to wireless device 906. Wireless device 902 can also configure the configuration based on the maximum sensing range of wireless device 906 (which can be specified as...). Use this to configure the FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration. The maximum sensing distance can be calculated based on the set of sensed signals 920 reaching the target object 904 and the set of sensed signals 922 reflected back to the wireless device 906 as associated with quality indicators (e.g., a reference signal received power (RSRP) value equal to or below a threshold, an SNR or SINR greater than or equal to a threshold). In some aspects, known boundaries in the sensing area can be used to limit... The length of the sensing session. For example, if wireless device 902 is configured to sense unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in a controlled area, wireless device 902 can limit the height of the sensed objects in the area to the maximum UAV height (e.g., 120 meters). In another example, if wireless device 902 is configured to sense vehicles on a road, wireless device 902 can limit the height of the sensed objects in the area to the road boundary. In another example, if wireless device 902 is configured to sense objects within a room, wireless device 902 can limit the boundaries of the sensed objects to the room boundary. In other aspects, wireless device 902 can calculate based on the location of wireless device 902, the location of wireless device 906, and the sensing area. The length. For example, if wireless device 902 is similar to Figure 8 In the case of wireless device 802, wireless device 802 can calculate multiple distances from the set 810 of sensed signals that can be reflected from a target object within the sensing area 814 as a set 812 of reflected sensed signals associated with a quality indicator to wireless device 806, in order to calculate... The length. In other respects, wireless device 902 may not know the location / position of wireless device 906, and can calculate it based on the location of the farthest possible UE based on the set of sense signals for receiving reflected signals associated with the quality indicator from the sensing area. The length of the chirp. In some respects, an FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration may include a set of CSI-RS transmissions, a set of chirp lengths, and a set of offsets.

[0126] In some respects, wireless device 902 can configure the sampling rate of wireless device 906. For example, wireless device 902 can configure the UE sampling rate. Network nodes. In this respect, wireless device 902 can be based on configuration. and To calculate the chirp length used for sensing ( In this respect, wireless device 902 can configure wireless device 906 based on the calculated... Report on communication-related CSI based on FMCW.

[0127] In some respects, wireless device 902 may not need to configure the sampling rate of wireless device 906. For example, wireless device 906 may configure its own sampling rate, or another device may configure the sampling rate of wireless device 906. Wireless device 902 may not need to calculate... In this respect, wireless device 902 can send the calculated data to wireless device 906. The indicator. Wireless device 902 can configure wireless device 906 to be based on Report on ISAC-related CSI based on FMCW.

[0128] Wireless device 902 can send a set of configuration messages 908 to wireless device 906. Wireless device 906 can receive the set of configuration messages 908. The set of configuration messages 908 may include, for example, RRC configuration, DCI, MAC-CE, or sidelink configuration messages. The set of configuration messages 908 may include FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration. The set of configuration messages 908 may include FMCW-based ISAC CSI report configuration.

[0129] The FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration can configure a set of CSI-RS 910. The FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration may include indicators for frequency domain assignment. For example, the FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration may include an indicator for the BW associated with the set of CSI-RS 910. In another example, the FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration may include an indicator for the start frequency associated with the set of CSI-RS 910. The FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration may include indicators for time domain assignment. For example, the FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration may include an indicator for the chirp length associated with the set of CSI-RS 910 (e.g., ...). (Value). This can be calculated in wireless device 902. Regarding the value, wireless device 902 can calculate Greater than or equal to In another example, the FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration may include an indicator of time-domain positioning associated with the set of CSI-RS 910. In yet another example, the FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration may include a periodic indicator associated with the set of CSI-RS 910. The FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration may indicate a shift offset associated with the set of CSI-RS (e.g., the shift offset may be equal to zero, or it may be configurable by the FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration).

[0130] In some aspects, an FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration can be configured with multiple sensing tasks, where each sensing task is associated with a subset of the CSI-RS set 910. For example, if the wireless device 902 is configured with multiple sensing tasks ( Wireless device 902 can target From 1 to Each one sent .

[0131] The FMCW-based ISAC CSI reporting configuration can configure CSI report messages 914. In some aspects, the FMCW-based ISAC CSI reporting configuration can configure how wireless device 906 can measure / process the CSI-RS set 910 at 912. For example, wireless device 902 can configure wireless device 906 to measure / process the calculated... To report aspects of FMCW-based communication-related CSI, the FMCW-based ISAC CSI reporting configuration can include... Indicators and may include The indicator. In another example, wireless device 906 can be configured to be based on wireless device 902. To report aspects of ISAC-related CSI based on FMCW, the FMCW-based ISAC CSI reporting configuration can include... The indicator. The FMCW-based ISAC CSI report configuration can configure CSI report message 914 to include... Because wireless device 902 does not have permission to access... In some cases, it may be impossible to calculate In some aspects, the FMCW-based ISAC CSI report configuration can configure the CSI report message 914 to include parameters of the ISAC-based FMCW chirp and channel state (e.g., Channel Quality Indicator (CQI)). In some aspects, the FMCW-based ISAC CSI report configuration can configure the CSI report message 914 to include the minimum inter-offset interval for communication. In some aspects, the FMCW-based ISAC CSI reporting configuration can configure CSI report message 914 to include CQI or post-processing SNR (…). For example, wireless device 906 can calculate the SNR after multiplying the local FMCW chirp with the received signal, passing the mixed signal through the LPF, and performing an FFT on the filtered signal. In some aspects, the FMCW-based ISAC CSI report configuration can configure the content of the reports sent by wireless device 906.

[0132] Wireless device 902 can send a set of CSI-RS 910 to wireless device 906. Wireless device 902 can send the set of CSI-RS 910 based on an FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration sent to wireless device 906. Wireless device 906 can receive the set of CSI-RS 910 from wireless device 902.

[0133] At 912, wireless device 906 can measure the set 910 of CSI-RS for ISAC. Wireless device 906 can measure the set 910 of CSI-RS according to the FMCW-based ISAC CSI report configuration. In some aspects, wireless device 906 can calculate FMCW chirp parameters according to the FMCW-based ISAC CSI report configuration. In some aspects, the set 908 of configuration messages may include... Indicators and The indicator. In some respects, if the set of configuration messages 908 includes... Indicators and do not include If the indicator is given, then the wireless device 906 can assume... And measurements are performed based on this assumption.

[0134] In some respects, the wireless device 906 is configured with its own Or devices other than wireless device 902 configured for wireless device 906. Wireless device 906 can base its functions on sensing conditions and configured values. To calculate For example, wireless device 906 can be configured And it can be based on formulas To target To perform the solution, the set of configuration messages 908 may include Indicators and The indicator. In other words, the wireless device 906 can target... Solve the problem.

[0135] In some aspects, the wireless device 902 is configured with multiple sensing tasks ( Wireless device 906 can, for example, target The solution is performed based on the indication. Each of them is aimed at Solve the problem.

[0136] In some respects, the wireless device 906 can be configured to calculate the minimum communication shift offset interval ( For example, wireless device 906 can be based on minimum latency ( ), maximum delay ( ) and post-processing SNR ( To calculate .

[0137] Wireless device 906 may send a CSI report message 914 to wireless device 902. Wireless device 902 may receive the CSI report message 914. The CSI report message 914 may include the calculated FMCW chirp parameters calculated at 912. The CSI report message 914 may include a channel quality indicator (CQI) associated with the set 910 of CSI-RS.

[0138] At 916, wireless device 902 can configure sensing and communication signals for transmission to wireless device 906. In one aspect, wireless device 902 can calculate the ISAC chirp length (e.g., ), and the set of sensing shift offsets for the set of sensing signals 920 (e.g., ), and / or the set of communication shift offsets for the set of communication signals 924 (e.g., In one aspect, wireless device 902 may calculate the channel decoding rate for at least one of a set of sensed signals 920 and / or a set of communication signals 924 based on CQI and / or SNR in CSI report message 914.

[0139] Wireless device 902 can send a transmission permission message 918 to wireless device 906. Wireless device 906 can receive the transmission permission message 918 from wireless device 902. The transmission permission message 918 may include FMCW sensing and communication configuration to assist wireless device 906 in configuring the reception of both the set of reflected sensing signals 922 and the set of communication signals 924. The FMCW sensing and communication configuration may include an indicator of the set of FMCW sensing offsets. The set of FMCW sensing offsets may correspond to the set of sensing signals 920. In other words, the set of sensing signals 920 may be transmitted using FMCW sensing offsets. The FMCW sensing and communication configuration may include an indicator of the set of FMCW communication offsets. The set of FMCW communication offsets may correspond to the set of communication signals 924. In other words, the set of communication signals 924 may be transmitted using FMCW communication offsets.

[0140] Wireless device 902 can transmit a set of sensing signals 920. Wireless device 902 can transmit the set of sensing signals 920 based on an FMCW sensing and communication configuration. Wireless device 902 can transmit the set of sensing signals 920 based on a set of FMCW sensing offsets. The set of sensing signals 920 can be reflected from the target object 904 as a set of reflected sensing signals 922. Wireless device 906 can receive the set of reflected sensing signals 922 reflected from the target object 904.

[0141] Wireless device 902 can transmit a set of communication signals 924 to wireless device 906. Wireless device 906 can receive a set of communication signals 924 from wireless device 902. Wireless device 902 can transmit a set of communication signals 924 based on FMCW sensing and communication configuration. Wireless device 902 can transmit a set of communication signals 924 based on a set of FMCW communication offsets.

[0142] Wireless device 902 can use a set of communication signals 924 and a set of sensing signals 920 that transmit the same bandwidth and for the same duration. In other words, the set of communication signals 924 and the set of sensing signals 920 can share the same bandwidth. and the same However, it can start at different offsets based on the FMCW sensing and communication configuration configured at 916.

[0143] Wireless device 906 can receive a set of communication signals 924 and a set of sensing signals 920 with the same bandwidth and during the same duration. Wireless device 906 can filter the set of communication signals 924 and the set of sensing signals 920 against each other based on a set of sensing signal offsets and a set of communication signal offsets from the FMCW sensing and communication configuration.

[0144] At 926, wireless device 906 can measure the set 922 of reflected sensing signals. At 928, wireless device 906 can calculate the position of target object 904. At 932, wireless device 906 can output the calculated position of target object 904. For example, wireless device 906 can send the calculated position of the target object in a report message, which is sent to another wireless device, such as wireless device 902, or a core network component such as LMF. In another example, wireless device 906 can output the calculated position of the target object to a component of wireless device 906, which can save the calculated position to the memory of wireless device 906, such as a drive or cache.

[0145] At 930, the wireless device 906 can process the set of communication signals 924. For example, the wireless device 906 can decode the set of communication signals 924 and follow a set of instructions based on the decoded signals.

[0146] Figure 10 This is a flowchart 1000 of a wireless communication method. This method can be executed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, UE 350; wireless devices 402, 404, 406, 408, 806, 906; processor 566; device 1204). At 1002, the UE can receive a transmission permission message. The transmission permission message may include an FMCW sensing and communication configuration. This FMCW sensing and communication configuration may have a first indicator of a set of FMCW sensing offsets and a second indicator of a set of FMCW communication offsets. For example, 1002 may be executed by... Figure 9 The wireless device 906 performs this action, and the wireless device can receive a transmission permission message 918. The transmission permission message 918 may include an FMCW sensing and communication configuration. This FMCW sensing and communication configuration may have a first indicator of a set of FMCW sensing offsets and a second indicator of a set of FMCW communication offsets. The set of FMCW sensing offsets may correspond to a set of sensed signals 920. The set of FMCW communication offsets may correspond to a set of communication signals 924. Furthermore, 1002 may be... Figure 1 , Figure 3 or Figure 12 Component 198 is executed.

[0147] At point 1004, the UE can receive a set of FMCW sensing signals reflected from the target object. For example, 1004 can be... Figure 9 The wireless device 906 performs this action, and this wireless device can receive a set 922 of reflected sensing signals. The set 922 of reflected sensing signals can be the reflection of a set 920 of sensing signals from the target object 904. Furthermore, 1004 can be... Figure 1 , Figure 3 or Figure 12 Component 198 is executed.

[0148] At point 1006, the UE can measure the received reflections of the set of FMCW sensed signals based on a first indicator. For example, 1006 can be determined by... Figure 9 The wireless device 906 performs this action, and at 926, it can measure the set 922 of reflected sensing signals based on a first indicator. Furthermore, 1006 can be... Figure 1 , Figure 3 or Figure 12 Component 198 is executed.

[0149] At point 1008, the UE can calculate the location of the target object based on the measured received reflection. For example, 1008 can be determined by... Figure 9 The wireless device 906 performs the calculation at 928 based on measurements taken at 926 to determine the position of the target object 904. Furthermore, 1008 can be... Figure 1 , Figure 3 or Figure 12 Component 198 is executed.

[0150] Figure 11 This is a flowchart 1100 of a wireless communication method. This method can be performed by network nodes (e.g., base station 102, base station 310; wireless devices 402, 404, 406, 408, 802, 902; network entities 1202, 1302, 1460). At 1102, the network node can send a transmission permission message. The transmission permission message may include FMCW sensing and communication configuration. The FMCW sensing and communication configuration may include a first indicator of a set of FMCW sensing offsets and a second indicator of a set of FMCW communication offsets. For example, 1102 can be performed by... Figure 9The wireless device 902 performs this action, and can send a transmission permission message 918. The transmission permission message 918 may include FMCW sensing and communication configuration. The FMCW sensing and communication configuration may include a first indicator of a set of FMCW sensing offsets and a second indicator of a set of FMCW communication offsets. The set of FMCW sensing offsets may correspond to a set of sensed signals 920. The set of FMCW communication offsets may correspond to a set of communication signals 924. Furthermore, 1102 may be... Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 13 or Figure 14 Component 199 is executed.

[0151] At 1104, network nodes can transmit a set of FMCW sensing signals based on a set of chirp lengths and FMCW sensing offsets. For example, 1104 can be determined by... Figure 9 The wireless device 902 performs this action, and the wireless device can transmit a set of sensing signals 920 based on a set of chirp lengths and FMCW sensing offsets. Furthermore, 1104 can be... Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 13 or Figure 14 Component 199 is executed.

[0152] Figure 12Figure 1200 illustrates an example of a hardware implementation for device 1204. Device 1204 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, device 1204 may include at least one cellular baseband processor 1224 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1222 (e.g., cellular RF transceivers). Cellular baseband processor 1224 may include at least one on-chip memory 1224'. In some aspects, device 1204 may also include one or more Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) cards 1220 and at least one application processor 1206 coupled to a Secure Digital Card (SD) card 1208 and a screen 1210. Application processor 1206 may include on-chip memory 1206'. In some aspects, device 1204 may also include a Bluetooth module 1212, a WLAN module 1214, an SPS module 1216 (e.g., a GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 1218 (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor / altimeter; motion sensors such as an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a gyroscope, and / or an accelerometer; light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio-assisted detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), a magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies for positioning), an additional memory module 1226, a power supply 1230, and / or a camera 1232. Bluetooth module 1212, WLAN module 1214, and SPS module 1216 may include on-chip transceivers (TRX) (or in some cases, only receivers (RX)). Bluetooth module 1212, WLAN module 1214, and SPS module 1216 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or communicate using antenna 1280. Cellular baseband processor 1224 communicates with UE 104 and / or RU associated with network entity 1202 via transceiver 1222 through one or more antennas 1280. Cellular baseband processor 1224 and application processor 1206 may each include computer-readable media / memory 1224', 1206'. Additional memory module 1226 may also be considered as computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable media / memory 1224', 1206', 1226 may be non-transitory. Cellular baseband processor 1224 and application processor 1206 are each responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable media / memory. When executed by cellular baseband processor 1224 / application processor 1206, the software causes cellular baseband processor 1224 / application processor 1206 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable media / memory can also be used to store data manipulated by cellular baseband processor 1224 / application processor 1206 during software execution.Cellular baseband processor 1224 / application processor 1206 may be a component of UE 350 and may include at least one of memory 360 and / or TX processor 368, RX processor 356 and controller / processor 359. In one configuration, device 1204 may be at least one processor chip (modem and / or application) and may only include cellular baseband processor 1224 and / or application processor 1206, while in another configuration, device 1204 may be the entire UE (e.g., see below). Figure 3 The UE 350 includes an additional module of the device 1204.

[0153] As discussed above, component 198 can be configured to receive a transmission permission message. The transmission permission message may include FMCW sensing and communication configuration. The FMCW sensing and communication configuration may include a first indicator of a set of FMCW sensing offsets and a second indicator of a set of FMCW communication offsets. Component 198 can be configured to receive reflections of a set of FMCW sensing signals from a target object. Component 198 can be configured to measure the received reflections of the set of FMCW sensing signals based on the first indicator. Component 198 can be configured to calculate the position of the target object based on the measured received reflections. Component 198 can be configured to receive a set of FMCW communication signals. Component 198 can be configured to process the set of FMCW communication signals based on the second indicator. Component 198 can be configured to output a third indicator of the calculated position of the target object, for example, by transmitting a third indicator or by storing the third indicator in the memory of device 1204 (e.g., memory 1224', memory 1206', and / or memory 1226). Component 198 may be located within cellular baseband processor 1224, application processor 1206, or both cellular baseband processor 1224 and application processor 1206. Component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the stated process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to execute the stated process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may execute the stated process / algorithm individually or in combination. As shown, device 1204 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, device 1204 (and particularly cellular baseband processor 1224 and / or application processor 1206) may include components for receiving a transmission permission message. The transmission permission message may include an FMCW sensing and communication configuration including a first indicator of a set of FMCW sensing offsets and a second indicator of a set of FMCW communication offsets. Device 1204 may include components for receiving a set of FMCW sensing signals reflected from a target object. Apparatus 1204 may include components for measuring received reflections of a set of FMCW sensing signals based on a first indicator. Apparatus 1204 may include components for calculating the position of a target object based on the measured received reflections. Apparatus 1204 may include components for outputting a third indicator of the calculated position of the target object. Apparatus 1204 may include components for outputting a third indicator of the calculated position of the target object either by transmitting the third indicator or by storing the third indicator of the calculated position of the target object. Apparatus 1204 may include components for receiving a set of FMCW communication signals.Apparatus 1204 may include components for processing a set of FMCW communication signals based on a second indicator. Apparatus 1204 may include components for receiving at least one configuration message including an FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration and an FMCW-based ISAC CSI report configuration. Apparatus 1204 may include components for receiving FMCW-based CSI-RS. Apparatus 1204 may include components for measuring FMCW-based CSI-RS according to the FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration. Apparatus 1204 may include components for sending a CSI report message including a CSI report based on the measured FMCW-based CSI-RS and the FMCW-based ISAC CSI report configuration. The FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration may include a third indicator of the sampling rate. The FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration may include a fourth indicator of the sensed chirp length. Apparatus 1204 may include components for measuring FMCW-based CSI-RS by measuring the FMCW-based CSI-RS based on the third and fourth indicators. The FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration may include a third indicator of the maximum sensing range. Apparatus 1204 may include components for measuring the FMCW-based CSI-RS by measuring the FMCW-based CSI-RS based on the third indicator. Apparatus 1204 may include components for measuring the received reflections of the set of FMCW sensing signals based on a first indicator by further measuring the received reflections of the set of FMCW sensing signals based on the third indicator. Apparatus 1204 may include components for processing the set of FMCW communication signals based on a second indicator by further processing the set of FMCW communication signals based on the third indicator. Apparatus 1204 may include components for (1) calculating the sensing chirp length based on the maximum sensing range and (2) measuring the FMCW-based CSI-RS based on the sensing chirp length based on the third indicator. The CSI report may include a fourth indicator of the sensing chirp length. Apparatus 1204 may include components for measuring the received reflections of the set of FMCW sensing signals based on a first indicator by further measuring the received reflections of the set of FMCW sensing signals based on the sensed chirp length. Apparatus 1204 may include components for processing the set of FMCW communication signals based on a second indicator by further processing the set of FMCW communication signals based on the sensed chirp length. The FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration may include at least one of the following: (1) a third indicator of the configured shift offset, (2) a fourth indicator of the start frequency, (3) a fifth indicator of the bandwidth, (4) a sixth indicator of the time-domain positioning, (5) a seventh indicator of the CSI-RS chirp length, or (6) a periodic eighth indicator. The CSI report may include a third indicator of the minimum offset interval.The set of FMCW sensing offsets may be based on a third indicator. The set of FMCW communication offsets may be based on a third indicator. The CSI report may include at least one of the following: (1) a third indicator of the minimum offset interval, (2) a CQI associated with the measured FMCW-based CSI-RS, or (3) a fourth indicator of the SNR associated with the measured FMCW-based CSI-RS. The FMCW sensing and communication configuration may include a third indicator of the chirp length. The apparatus 1204 may include components for measuring the received reflections of the set of FMCW sensing signals based on a first indicator by further measuring the received reflections of the set of FMCW sensing signals based on a third indicator. The apparatus 1204 may include components for processing the set of FMCW communication signals based on a second indicator by further processing the set of FMCW communication signals based on a third indicator. The set of FMCW sensing signals and the set of FMCW communication signals may share the same bandwidth. The set of FMCW sensing signals and the set of FMCW communication signals may share the same duration. The set of FMCW sensing signals and the set of FMCW communication signals can be transmitted within the same time period. The component can be a component 198 of device 1204 configured to perform the functions described therein. As described above, device 1204 may include a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and a controller / processor 359. Therefore, in one configuration, the component can be a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and / or a controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions described therein.

[0154] Figure 13Figure 1300 illustrates an example of a hardware implementation for network entity 1302. Network entity 1302 may be a BS, a component of a BS, or may implement BS functionality. Network entity 1302 may include at least one of CU 1310, DU 1330, or RU 1340. For example, depending on the layer functionality handled by component 199, network entity 1302 may include CU 1310; both CU 1310 and DU 1330; each of CU 1310, DU 1330, and RU 1340; DU 1330; both DU 1330 and RU 1340; or RU 1340. CU 1310 may include at least one CU processor 1312. CU processor 1312 may include on-chip memory 1312'. In some aspects, CU 1310 may also include an additional memory module 1314 and a communication interface 1318. CU 1310 communicates with DU 1330 via a midhaul link (such as an F1 interface). DU 1330 may include at least one DU processor 1332. DU processor 1332 may include on-chip memory 1332'. In some aspects, DU 1330 may also include an additional memory module 1334 and a communication interface 1338. DU 1330 communicates with RU 1340 via a fronthaul link. RU 1340 may include at least one RU processor 1342. RU processor 1342 may include on-chip memory 1342'. In some aspects, RU 1340 may also include an additional memory module 1344, one or more transceivers 1346, an antenna 1380, and a communication interface 1348. RU 1340 communicates with UE 104. On-chip memories 1312', 1332', 1342' and additional memory modules 1314, 1334, 1344 can each be considered as computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory can be non-transitory. Each of processors 1312, 1332, 1342 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. When executed by the corresponding processor, the software causes that processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory can also be used to store data manipulated by the processor when executing the software.

[0155] As discussed above, component 199 can be configured to send a transmission permission message. The transmission permission message may include FMCW sensing and communication configuration. The FMCW sensing and communication configuration may include a first indicator of a set of FMCW sensing offsets and a second indicator of a set of FMCW communication offsets. Component 199 can be configured to send a set of FMCW sensing signals based on a chirp length and a set of FMCW sensing offsets. Component 199 can be configured to send a set of FMCW communication signals based on a set of FMCW communication offsets. The sensing and communication signal transmission component 199 can be configured to receive a third indicator of the target object's location based on a set of FMCW sensing signals. Component 199 may be located within one or more processors of one or more of CU 1310, DU 1330, and RU 1340. Component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to execute the process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to execute the process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors can execute the stated process / algorithm individually or in combination. Network entity 1302 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, network entity 1302 may include components for sending a transmission permission message. The transmission permission message may include an FMCW sensing and communication configuration including a first indicator of a set of FMCW sensing offsets and a second indicator of a set of FMCW communication offsets. Network entity 1302 may include components for sending a set of FMCW sensing signals based on a chirp length and a set of FMCW sensing offsets. Network entity 1302 may include components for sending a set of FMCW communication signals based on a set of FMCW communication offsets. Network entity 1302 may include components for sending at least one configuration message including an FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration and an FMCW-based ISAC CSI reporting configuration. Network entity 1302 may include components for sending FMCW-based CSI-RS according to the FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration. Network entity 1302 may include components for receiving a CSI report message including a CSI report based on the transmitted FMCW-based CSI-RS and FMCW-based ISAC CSI report configurations. Network entity 1302 may include components for calculating the sensing chirp length based on the sampling rate and maximum sensing range. The FMCW-based ISAC CSI report configuration may include a third indicator of the sampling rate. The FMCW-based ISAC CSI report configuration may include a fourth indicator of the calculated sensing chirp length. The FMCW-based ISAC CSI report configuration may include a third indicator of the maximum sensing range.The CSI report may include a fourth indicator of the sensed chirp length. The FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration may include at least one of the following: (1) a third indicator of the configured shift offset, (2) a fourth indicator of the start frequency, (3) a fifth indicator of the bandwidth, (4) a sixth indicator of the time-domain positioning, (5) a seventh indicator of the CSI-RS chirp length, or (6) a periodic eighth indicator. The CSI report may include a third indicator of the minimum offset interval. Network entity 1302 may include components for calculating a set of FMCW sensed offsets based on the third indicator. Network entity 1302 may include components for calculating a set of FMCW communication signals based on the third indicator. The CSI report may include at least one of the following: (1) a third indicator of the minimum offset interval, (2) a CQI associated with the transmitted FMCW-based CSI-RS, or (3) a fourth indicator of the SNR associated with the transmitted FMCW-based CSI-RS. The FMCW sensing and communication configuration may include a third indicator of chirp length. The set of FMCW sensing signals and the set of FMCW communication signals may share the same bandwidth. The set of FMCW sensing signals and the set of FMCW communication signals may share the same duration. The set of FMCW sensing signals and the set of FMCW communication signals may be transmitted during the same time period. A component may be a component 199 of network entity 1302 configured to perform the functions described therein. As described above, network entity 1302 may include a TX processor 316, an RX processor 370, and a controller / processor 375. Therefore, in one configuration, the component may be the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions described therein.

[0156] Figure 14Figure 1400 illustrates an example of a hardware implementation for network entity 1460. In one example, network entity 1460 may be within core network 120. Network entity 1460 may include at least one network processor 1412. Network processor 1412 may include on-chip memory 1412'. In some aspects, network entity 1460 may also include an additional memory module 1414. Network entity 1460 communicates with CU 1402 directly (e.g., via a backhaul link) or indirectly (e.g., via RIC) through network interface 1480. On-chip memory 1412' and additional memory module 1414 may each be considered as computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable media / memory may be non-transitory. Network processor 1412 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable media / memory. This software, when executed by a corresponding processor, causes that processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable media / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the processor while executing the software.

[0157] As discussed above, component 199 can be configured to send a transmission permission message. The transmission permission message may include FMCW sensing and communication configuration. The FMCW sensing and communication configuration may include a first indicator of a set of FMCW sensing offsets and a second indicator of a set of FMCW communication offsets. Component 199 can be configured to send a set of FMCW sensing signals based on a chirp length and a set of FMCW sensing offsets. Component 199 can be configured to send a set of FMCW communication signals based on a set of FMCW communication offsets. The sensing and communication signal transmission component 199 can be configured to receive a third indicator of the location of a target object based on a set of FMCW sensing signals. Component 199 may be within network processor 1412. Component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to execute the stated process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to execute the stated process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may execute the stated process / algorithm individually or in combination. Network entity 1460 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, network entity 1460 may include components for sending a transmission permission message. The transmission permission message may include an FMCW sensing and communication configuration including a first indicator of a set of FMCW sensing offsets and a second indicator of a set of FMCW communication offsets. Network entity 1460 may include components for sending a set of FMCW sensing signals based on a chirp length and a set of FMCW sensing offsets. Network entity 1460 may include components for sending a set of FMCW communication signals based on a set of FMCW communication offsets. Network entity 1460 may include components for sending at least one configuration message including an FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration and an FMCW-based ISAC CSI reporting configuration. Network entity 1460 may include components for sending FMCW-based CSI-RS according to the FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration. Network entity 1460 may include components for receiving a CSI report message including a CSI report based on the transmitted FMCW-based CSI-RS and FMCW-based ISAC CSI report configurations. Network entity 1460 may include components for calculating a sensing chirp length based on the sampling rate and maximum sensing range. The FMCW-based ISAC CSI report configuration may include a third indicator of the sampling rate. The FMCW-based ISAC CSI report configuration may include a fourth indicator of the calculated sensing chirp length. The FMCW-based ISAC CSI report configuration may include a third indicator of the maximum sensing range. The CSI report may include a fourth indicator of the sensing chirp length.The FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration may include at least one of the following: (1) a third indicator of the configured shift offset, (2) a fourth indicator of the start frequency, (3) a fifth indicator of the bandwidth, (4) a sixth indicator of the time-domain positioning, (5) a seventh indicator of the CSI-RS chirp length, or (6) a periodic eighth indicator. The CSI report may include a third indicator of the minimum offset interval. Network entity 1460 may include components for calculating a set of FMCW sensing offsets based on the third indicator. Network entity 1460 may include components for calculating a set of FMCW communication signals based on the third indicator. The CSI report may include at least one of the following: (1) a third indicator of the minimum offset interval, (2) a CQI associated with the transmitted FMCW-based CSI-RS, or (3) a fourth indicator of the SNR associated with the transmitted FMCW-based CSI-RS. The FMCW sensing and communication configuration may include a third indicator of the chirp length. The set of FMCW sensing signals and the set of FMCW communication signals can share the same bandwidth. The set of FMCW sensing signals and the set of FMCW communication signals can share the same duration. The set of FMCW sensing signals and the set of FMCW communication signals can be transmitted during the same time period. The component can be a component 199 of network entity 1460 configured to perform the functions described in the component.

[0158] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the boxes in the disclosed process / flowcharts is merely an example of the exemplary method. It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the boxes in the process / flowcharts may be rearranged based on design preferences. Furthermore, some boxes may be combined or omitted. The appended method claims present the elements of various boxes in a sample order, but are not limited to the given specific order or hierarchy.

[0159] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein but should be given the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Unless specifically stated otherwise, references to elements in the singular form do not mean “one and only one” but rather “one or more.” Terms such as “if,” “when,” and “simultaneously” do not imply a direct temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, such as “when…”, do not imply an immediate action in response to the occurrence of an action or during the occurrence of an action, but simply suggest that if a condition is met, then the action will occur, without requiring a specific or immediate time limit for the occurrence of the action. The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or superior to other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C", "one or more of A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", "one or more of A, B, and C", and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiple A, multiple B, or multiple C. Specifically, combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C", "one or more of A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", "one or more of A, B, and C", and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" may be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, wherein any such combination may contain one or more members of A, B, or C. A set should be interpreted as a collection of elements in which the number of elements is one or more. Therefore, for a set of X, X will include one or more elements. When at least one processor is configured to execute a set of functions, the at least one processor is configured to execute the set of functions individually or in any combination. Therefore, each of the at least one processor can be configured to perform a specific subset of the set of functions, wherein the subset is the complete set, a suitable subset of the set, or an empty subset of the set. If the first device receives data from or sends data to the second device, data can be received / sent directly between the first and second devices, or indirectly between the first and second devices through a set of devices. A device configured to "output" data (such as transmission, signaling, or messages) can, for example, transmit data using a transceiver, transfer data to the device that transmitted the data, or output data to a component of the device.A device configured to "acquire" data (such as transmission, signaling, or messaging) may receive the data, for example, using a transceiver, obtain the data from a device receiving the data, or obtain the data from a component of the device. Information stored in memory includes instructions and / or data. All structural and functional equivalents of the elements throughout the various aspects described herein that are known to those skilled in the art or will later be known are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are covered by the claims. Furthermore, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be offered to the public, whether or not such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. The words "module," "mechanism," "element," "device," etc., cannot replace the word "component." Therefore, no claim element will be construed as a functional component unless the element is explicitly recited using the phrase "component for..."

[0160] As used in this article, the phrase “based on” should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase “based on A” (where “A” can be information, conditions, factors, etc.) should be interpreted as “based on at least A”, unless specifically stated differently.

[0161] The following aspects are merely illustrative and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0162] Aspect 1 is a method for wireless communication at a wireless device, the method comprising: receiving a transmission permission message including a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) sensing and communication configuration, the FMCW sensing and communication configuration including a first indicator of a set of FMCW sensing offsets and a second indicator of a set of FMCW communication offsets; receiving reflections of a set of FMCW sensing signals from a target object; measuring the received reflections of the set of FMCW sensing signals based on the first indicator; and calculating the position of the target object based on the measured received reflections.

[0163] Aspect 2 is the method according to aspect 1, the method further comprising: outputting a third indicator of the calculated position of the target object.

[0164] Aspect 3 is the method according to aspect 2, wherein outputting the third indicator of the calculated position of the target object includes: sending the third indicator of the calculated position of the target object; or storing the third indicator of the calculated position of the target object.

[0165] Aspect 4 is the method according to aspect 1, the method further comprising: receiving a set of FMCW communication signals; and processing the set of FMCW communication signals based on the second indicator.

[0166] Aspect 5 is the method according to aspect 1, the method further comprising: receiving at least one configuration message including an FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration and an FMCW-based Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) CSI reporting configuration; receiving an FMCW-based CSI-RS; measuring the FMCW-based CSI-RS based on the FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration; and sending a CSI report message including a CSI report based on the measured FMCW-based CSI-RS and the FMCW-based ISAC CSI reporting configuration.

[0167] Aspect 6 is the method according to aspect 5, wherein the FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration includes a third indicator of the sampling rate and a fourth indicator of the sensing chirp length, wherein measuring the FMCW-based CSI-RS includes: measuring the FMCW-based CSI-RS based on the third indicator and the fourth indicator.

[0168] Aspect 7 is the method according to aspect 5, wherein the FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration includes a third indicator of the maximum sensing range, wherein measuring the FMCW-based CSI-RS includes: measuring the FMCW-based CSI-RS based on the third indicator.

[0169] Aspect 8 is the method according to aspect 7, wherein measuring the received reflections of the set of FMCW sensing signals based on the first indicator includes: further measuring the received reflections of the set of FMCW sensing signals based on the third indicator, wherein processing the set of FMCW communication signals based on the second indicator includes: further processing the set of FMCW communication signals based on the third indicator.

[0170] Aspect 9 is the method according to aspect 7, wherein measuring the FMCW-based CSI-RS based on the third indicator includes: calculating the sensing chirp length based on the maximum sensing range; and measuring the FMCW-based CSI-RS based on the sensing chirp length, wherein the CSI report includes a fourth indicator of the sensing chirp length.

[0171] Aspect 10 is the method according to aspect 9, wherein measuring the received reflections of the set of FMCW sensing signals based on the first indicator includes: further measuring the received reflections of the set of FMCW sensing signals based on the sensing chirp length, wherein processing the set of FMCW communication signals based on the second indicator includes: further processing the set of FMCW communication signals based on the sensing chirp length.

[0172] Aspect 11 is the method according to aspect 5, wherein the FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration includes at least one of the following: a third indicator of the configured shift offset; a fourth indicator of the start frequency; a fifth indicator of the bandwidth; a sixth indicator of the time-domain positioning; a seventh indicator of the CSI-RS chirp length; or a periodic eighth indicator.

[0173] Aspect 12 is the method according to aspect 5, wherein the CSI report includes a third indicator of the minimum inter-offset interval, wherein the set of FMCW sensing offsets is based on the third indicator; and the set of FMCW communication offsets is based on the third indicator.

[0174] Aspect 13 is the method according to aspect 5, wherein the CSI report includes at least one of the following: a third indicator of minimum offset interval; a channel quality indicator (CQI) associated with the measured FMCW-based CSI-RS; or a fourth indicator of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) associated with the measured FMCW-based CSI-RS.

[0175] Aspect 14 is the method according to aspect 1, wherein the FMCW sensing and communication configuration further includes a third indicator of chirp length, wherein measuring the received reflections of the set of FMCW sensing signals based on the first indicator includes: further measuring the received reflections of the set of FMCW sensing signals based on the third indicator, wherein processing the set of FMCW communication signals based on the second indicator includes: further processing the set of FMCW communication signals based on the third indicator.

[0176] Aspect 15 is the method according to aspect 1, wherein the set of FMCW sensing signals and the set of FMCW communication signals share the same bandwidth and the same duration.

[0177] Aspect 16 is a method for wireless communication at a network node, the method comprising: transmitting a transmission permission message including a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) sensing and communication configuration, the FMCW sensing and communication configuration including a first indicator of a set of FMCW sensing offsets and a second indicator of a set of FMCW communication offsets; and transmitting a set of FMCW sensing signals based on the set of chirp lengths and FMCW sensing offsets.

[0178] Aspect 17 is the method according to aspect 16, the method further comprising: transmitting a set of FMCW communication signals based on the set of FMCW communication offsets.

[0179] Aspect 18 is the method according to aspect 16, the method further comprising: sending at least one configuration message including an FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration and an FMCW-based Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) CSI reporting configuration; sending an FMCW-based CSI-RS based on the FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration; and receiving a CSI reporting message including a CSI report based on the sent FMCW-based CSI-RS and the FMCW-based ISAC CSI reporting configuration.

[0180] Aspect 19 is the method according to aspect 18, the method further comprising: calculating a sensing chirp length based on a sampling rate and a maximum sensing range, wherein the FMCW-based ISAC CSI reporting configuration includes a third indicator of the sampling rate and a fourth indicator of the calculated sensing chirp length.

[0181] Aspect 20 is the method according to aspect 18, wherein the FMCW-based ISAC CSI reporting configuration includes a third indicator of the maximum sensing range, and wherein the CSI report includes a fourth indicator of the sensing chirp length.

[0182] Aspect 21 is the method according to aspect 18, wherein the FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration includes at least one of the following: a third indicator of the configured shift offset; a fourth indicator of the start frequency; a fifth indicator of the bandwidth; a sixth indicator of the time-domain positioning; a seventh indicator of the CSI-RS chirp length; or a periodic eighth indicator.

[0183] Aspect 22 is the method according to aspect 18, wherein the CSI report includes a third indicator of the minimum inter-offset interval. The method may include: calculating the set of FMCW sensing offsets based on the third indicator; and calculating the set of FMCW communication signals based on the third indicator.

[0184] Aspect 23 is the method according to aspect 18, wherein the CSI report includes at least one of the following: a third indicator of minimum offset interval; a channel quality indicator (CQI) associated with the transmitted FMCW-based CSI-RS; or a fourth indicator of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) associated with the transmitted FMCW-based CSI-RS.

[0185] Aspect 24 is the method according to aspect 16, wherein the FMCW sensing and communication configuration further includes a third indicator of the chirp length.

[0186] Aspect 25 is the method according to aspect 16, wherein the set of FMCW sensing signals and the set of FMCW communication signals share the same bandwidth and the same duration.

[0187] Aspect 26 is an apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor being configured individually or in any combination to implement any one of aspects 1 to 25.

[0188] Aspect 27 is the apparatus according to aspect 26, the apparatus further comprising at least one of an antenna or a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor.

[0189] Aspect 28 is an apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus including components for implementing any one of aspects 1 to 25.

[0190] Aspect 29 is a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to implement any one of aspects 1 to 25 individually or in any combination.

Claims

1. An apparatus for conducting wireless communication at a wireless device, the apparatus comprising: At least one memory; and At least one processor, coupled to the at least one memory, and configured individually or in any combination, based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, to: Receive a transmit permission message including a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) sensing and communication configuration, the frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) sensing and communication configuration including a first indicator of a set of FMCW sensing offsets and a second indicator of a set of FMCW communication offsets; The collection of FMCW sensing signals received is reflected from the target object; The received reflections of the set of FMCW sensing signals are measured based on the first indicator; as well as The position of the target object is calculated based on the measured received reflections.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured, alone or in any combination, to: Output a third indicator of the calculated position of the target object.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein, in order to output the third indicator of the calculated position of the target object, the at least one processor is configured individually or in any combination to: Send a report message including the third indicator of the calculated location of the target object; or The third indicator of the calculated position of the target object is stored in the at least one memory.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured, individually or in any combination, to: A collection of FMCW communication signals received; and The set of FMCW communication signals is processed based on the second indicator.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured, alone or in any combination, to: Receive at least one configuration message including FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration and FMCW-based Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) CSI reporting configuration; Receive CSI-RS based on FMCW; The FMCW-based CSI-RS is measured based on the FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration; as well as The CSI report message, which includes the CSI report, is sent based on the measured FMCW-based CSI-RS and the FMCW-based ISAC CSI report configuration.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration includes a third indicator of the sampling rate and a fourth indicator of the sensing chirp length, wherein, for measuring the FMCW-based CSI-RS, the at least one processor is configured individually or in any combination to: The FMCW-based CSI-RS is measured based on the third and fourth indicators.

7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration includes a third indicator of maximum sensing range, wherein, for measuring the FMCW-based CSI-RS, the at least one processor is configured individually or in any combination to: The FMCW-based CSI-RS is measured based on the third indicator.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein, in order to measure the received reflections of the set of FMCW sensing signals based on the first indicator, the at least one processor is configured individually or in any combination to further measure the received reflections of the set of FMCW sensing signals based on the third indicator, wherein, in order to process the set of FMCW communication signals based on the second indicator, the at least one processor is configured individually or in any combination to further process the set of FMCW communication signals based on the third indicator.

9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein, in order to measure the FMCW-based CSI-RS based on the third indicator, the at least one processor is configured individually or in any combination to: The sensing chirp length is calculated based on the maximum sensing range; and The FMCW-based CSI-RS is measured based on the sensed chirp length, wherein the CSI report includes a fourth indicator of the sensed chirp length.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein, in order to measure the received reflections of the set of FMCW sensing signals based on the first indicator, the at least one processor is configured individually or in any combination to further measure the received reflections of the set of FMCW sensing signals based on the sensing chirp length, wherein, in order to process the set of FMCW communication signals based on the second indicator, the at least one processor is configured individually or in any combination to further process the set of FMCW communication signals based on the sensing chirp length.

11. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration comprises at least one of the following: The third indicator for the configured shift offset; The fourth indicator of the starting frequency; The fifth indicator of bandwidth; The sixth indicator for time-domain positioning; The seventh indicator of CSI-RS chirp length; or The eighth indicator of the periodicity.

12. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the CSI report includes a third indicator of minimum inter-offset interval, wherein the set of FMCW sensing offsets is based on the third indicator; and the set of FMCW communication offsets is based on the third indicator.

13. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the CSI report comprises at least one of the following: The third indicator of the minimum offset interval; Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) associated with the measured FMCW-based CSI-RS; or The fourth indicator of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) associated with the measured FMCW-based CSI-RS.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the FMCW sensing and communication configuration further includes a third indicator of chirp length, wherein, in order to measure the received reflections of the set of FMCW sensing signals based on the first indicator, the at least one processor is configured individually or in any combination to further measure the received reflections of the set of FMCW sensing signals based on the third indicator, wherein, in order to process the set of FMCW communication signals based on the second indicator, the at least one processor is configured individually or in any combination to further process the set of FMCW communication signals based on the third indicator.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the set of FMCW sensing signals and the set of FMCW communication signals share the same bandwidth and the same duration.

16. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: A transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is further configured individually or in any combination to: Receive the transmission permission message via the transceiver; and The reflection of the set of FMCW sensing signals received via the transceiver.

17. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising: At least one memory; and At least one processor, coupled to the at least one memory, and configured individually or in any combination, based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, to: Send a transmission permission message including a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) sensing and communication configuration, the frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) sensing and communication configuration including a first indicator of a set of FMCW sensing offsets and a second indicator of a set of FMCW communication offsets; as well as A set of FMCW sensing signals transmitted based on the set of chirp length and FMCW sensing offset.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the at least one processor is further configured, alone or in any combination, to: The set of FMCW communication signals to be sent based on the set of FMCW communication offsets.

19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the at least one processor is further configured, alone or in any combination, to: Send at least one configuration message including FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration and FMCW-based Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) CSI reporting configuration; Based on the FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration, send FMCW-based CSI-RS; as well as The CSI report message, including the CSI report, is received based on the sent FMCW-based CSI-RS and the FMCW-based ISAC CSI report configuration.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the at least one processor is further configured, alone or in any combination, to: The sensing chirp length is calculated based on the sampling rate and the maximum sensing range, wherein the FMCW-based ISAC CSI reporting configuration includes a third indicator of the sampling rate and a fourth indicator of the calculated sensing chirp length.

21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the FMCW-based ISAC CSI reporting configuration includes a third indicator of maximum sensing range, and wherein the CSI report includes a fourth indicator of sensing chirp length.

22. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the FMCW-based CSI-RS configuration comprises at least one of the following: The third indicator for the configured shift offset; The fourth indicator of the starting frequency; The fifth indicator of bandwidth; The sixth indicator for time-domain positioning; The seventh indicator of CSI-RS chirp length; or The eighth indicator of the periodicity.

23. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the CSI report includes a third indicator of the minimum offset interval, wherein the at least one processor is further configured, individually or in any combination, to: The set of FMCW sensing offsets is calculated based on the third indicator; and The set of FMCW communication offsets is calculated based on the third indicator.

24. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the CSI report comprises at least one of the following: The third indicator of the minimum offset interval; Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) associated with the transmitted FMCW-based CSI-RS; or The fourth indicator of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) associated with the transmitted FMCW-based CSI-RS.

25. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the FMCW sensing and communication configuration further includes a third indicator of the chirp length.

26. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the set of FMCW sensing signals and the set of FMCW communication signals share the same bandwidth and the same duration.

27. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising: A transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is further configured individually or in any combination to: The transmit permission message is sent via the transceiver; and The set of FMCW sensing signals transmitted via the transceiver.

28. A method for performing wireless communication at a wireless device, the method comprising: Receive a transmit permission message including a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) sensing and communication configuration, the frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) sensing and communication configuration including a first indicator of a set of FMCW sensing offsets and a second indicator of a set of FMCW communication offsets; The collection of FMCW sensing signals received is reflected from the target object; The received reflections of the set of FMCW sensing signals are measured based on the first indicator; as well as The position of the target object is calculated based on the measured received reflections.

29. The method of claim 28, further comprising: A collection of FMCW communication signals received; as well as The set of FMCW communication signals is processed based on the second indicator.

30. A method for wireless communication at a network node, the method comprising: Send a transmission permission message including a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) sensing and communication configuration, the frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) sensing and communication configuration including a first indicator of a set of FMCW sensing offsets and a second indicator of a set of FMCW communication offsets; as well as A set of FMCW sensing signals transmitted based on the set of chirp length and FMCW sensing offset.

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