Under-forest cultivation method of clitocybe maxima Shenshi No.2 strain

Abstract

The invention discloses an under-forest cultivation method of a clitocybe maxima Shenshi No.2 strain, and belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation. The method comprises the steps that a forest land with the canopy density of 60%-75% is selected, and when the air temperature is stabilized at 23 DEG C or above in summer, bag-removed Shenmushroom No.2 fungus bags are placed in a furrow bed at the interval of 8-15 cm and covered with soil; a simple arched shed covered with a plastic film and a sunshade net is built above the furrow bed, and ventilation and humidity are regulated and controlled by opening and closing the two ends of the simple arched shed. According to the method, through two core measures of interval placement and arched shed regulation and control, the problems that fungus bags are prone to fungus burning and rainstorm scouring in the high-temperature period under the forest in summer are systematically solved, efficient and stable production of the high-temperature-resistant variety Shenmushroom No.2 under the forest in summer is achieved, and the blank of under-forest cultivation in the high-temperature season is effectively filled up.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of edible fungi cultivation technology, specifically relating to a type of pig's stomach mushroom (…). Pleurotus giganteus High-efficiency understory cultivation method for the new variety Shenxun No. 2. Background Technology

[0002] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance some understanding of the overall background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art.

[0003] Pig stomach mushroom is a rare edible fungus that can withstand high temperatures. Due to its unique taste and rich nutrition, it has a high market value. Traditional edible fungi cultivated under forest cover are mostly of medium and low temperature type, which leads to a large amount of forest under cover resources being idle during the high-temperature season from June to October each year, creating a "gap" in production.

[0004] To address the challenge of finding suitable edible mushroom varieties for cultivation under forest cover during the hot summer months, the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences bred two new heat-resistant *Pleurotus ostreatus* varieties, Shenxun No. 1 and Shenxun No. 2, and conducted preliminary explorations into their application under forest cover. However, initial practice revealed that directly applying conventional *Pleurotus ostreatus* cultivation techniques to the understory planting of Shenxun No. 2 presents significant challenges, including continuous heavy rains in summer, high temperatures and humidity causing the substrate bags to overheat and burn the fungus, and uneven fruiting.

[0005] Current technology lacks a standardized cultivation method specifically tailored to the characteristics of the Shenxun No. 2 variety, capable of effectively overcoming the adverse conditions of high temperature and humidity in the forest understory during summer, and achieving stable and high yields. Therefore, developing a targeted understory cultivation technique is of great significance for fully utilizing forest land resources, extending the understory economic industrial chain, and achieving year-round production. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a forest understory cultivation method specifically for the Shenxun No. 2 mushroom. This method effectively solves the problems of rain erosion and high-temperature scorching during summer forest understory cultivation by integrating key aspects such as crop rotation, pretreatment of spawn bags, and precise microenvironment control, thus achieving efficient and stable production of Shenxun No. 2 mushrooms under the forest canopy during the high-temperature season.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: Firstly, a method for understory cultivation of *Pleurotus ostreatus* strain Shenxun No. 2 is provided, comprising the following steps: (1) Cultivation season and forest land selection: Select the hot summer season as the main fruiting period, and specifically arrange understory fruiting management in months when the temperature is stable above 23℃. Choose broad-leaved forests or mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests with a canopy density of 60%-75% as the cultivation site, requiring good ventilation and proximity to water sources; (2) Preparation and pretreatment of mushroom bags: Inoculation was performed using Shenxun No. 2 liquid or solid bacterial culture; After the mycelium fills the bag, it undergoes a post-ripening culture of no less than 20 days until the mycelium in the bag is dark white and elastic.

[0008] Before the mushrooms sprout, remove the plastic bag from the mushroom bag and prepare to cover it with soil; (3) Forest bed preparation and mushroom bag planting: Dig beds 1.0-1.2 meters wide and 15-20 centimeters deep under the forest canopy, leaving an operating passage of more than 80 centimeters between the beds.

[0009] After removing the bags, place the mushroom bags vertically and at intervals in the seedbed, maintaining a distance of 8-15 cm between the bags to avoid the accumulation of heat generated by mycelial respiration during the mycelial growth period, which could lead to "burning" of the mycelium. Fill the gaps between the mushroom bags with clean forest soil or improved soil (such as a mixture of soil and rice husks) and cover the surface of the mushroom bags. The soil covering should be 2-3 cm thick. After leveling, water thoroughly. (4) Construction of arched greenhouse for microenvironment control: Construct a simple arched plastic shed directly above the seedbed. The arched shed should be 50-70 cm high, and a shade net with a shading rate of at least 70% should be placed on top of the plastic film. Both ends of the arched shed need to be kept open for ventilation during non-rainstorm weather. During continuous rainstorms or extreme high temperatures, it can be temporarily closed or covered to achieve multi-functional microenvironment control for rainstorm protection, moisture retention, ventilation, and auxiliary temperature regulation. (5) Management during the fruiting period: Keep the soil layer moist, ideally moist enough that it can be formed into a clump when squeezed by hand but crumbles easily when touched. Rely primarily on the arched greenhouse for moisture retention and natural rainwater, supplementing with light spraying during dry periods. During the mushroom growing period, maintain the relative humidity inside the greenhouse at 85%-95%; Harvest the fruiting bodies when the edges of the caps gradually flatten out from the inward rolling and before they are fully open.

[0010] Furthermore, after harvesting one flush of mushrooms, clean the mushroom stems on the bed surface, stop spraying water for mycelium growth for 7-10 days, and then resume mushroom management. You can harvest 2-3 flushes of mushrooms continuously.

[0011] Secondly, the method described above is used to cultivate mushroom fruiting bodies.

[0012] Compared with the related technologies known to the inventors, one of the technical solutions of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Precise matching of varieties and cultivation methods: For the first time, a complete understory cultivation plan was tailored for the heat-resistant variety Shenxun No. 2, which effectively utilized idle forest land in summer.

[0013] Overcoming key technical bottlenecks: Through two core measures—stipulating the spacing of mushroom bags (to solve the problem of mushroom burning) and constructing multifunctional simple arched sheds (to solve the problems of rain erosion and humidity fluctuations)—the outstanding adverse challenges of summer understory cultivation have been systematically addressed.

[0014] Highly operable and highly effective: This method has clear procedures, well-defined parameters, and is easy to promote. Using this technology, forest land can produce mushrooms normally during the hot summer season, achieving "mushroom harvesting in all four seasons," significantly improving the economic benefits and yield per unit area of ​​forest land.

[0015] Eco-friendly: The waste mushroom residue after cultivation can be directly returned to the forest, improving soil structure, promoting tree growth, and forming an ecological cycle of "using forest to nourish mushrooms and using mushrooms to promote forest". Detailed Implementation

[0016] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further illustration of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0017] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments of the present invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, and / or combinations thereof.

[0018] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0019] Example 1: Shanghai area

[0020] Cultivation background: This embodiment aims to verify the applicability of the present invention under typical hot and humid summer climates.

[0021] Time and location: May 10, 2024, in a camphor tree forest with a canopy density of 65-70% in Qingpu District, Shanghai.

[0022] Preparation of spawn bags: Spawn bags produced from pure Shenxun No. 2 spawn (culture medium formula: 78% sawdust, 20% wheat bran, 1% gypsum, 1% sugar). Mycelium filled the bags on April 5th, and then the bags were post-ripened in a shady and well-ventilated place until early May, when the spawn bags were white and firm.

[0023] Underforest planting: Dig a 1.1-meter-wide and 15-centimeter-deep bed under the forest.

[0024] After removing the bags from the spawn bags, place them at intervals in a "pin" shape with a longitudinal spacing of 10 cm and a transverse spacing of 8 cm.

[0025] Cover with fine garden soil that has been pre-exposed to sunlight for disinfection, with a thickness of 2.5 cm, and pour a thorough watering.

[0026] Environmental regulation: Immediately build a 60-cm-high arched shed and cover it with plastic film and 70% sunshade net. Keep both ends of the arched shed open for ventilation daily; during the plum rain season in mid-June, temporarily close one end of the arched shed to prevent heavy rain from pouring directly; on sunny days in July when the temperature continuously exceeds 35°C, sprinkle cold water on the sunshade net around noon to assist in cooling.

[0027] Fruiting and harvesting: Primordia appear about 15 days after covering the soil. From June to September in total, three flushes of mushrooms are harvested. The average yield per bag of the first flush of mushrooms is 0.38 kg, and the commercial mushroom rate (with intact caps and no pests or diseases) reaches 92%. There is no "burning of the spawn" and rotting phenomenon caused by the spawn bags being too close throughout the cycle.

[0028] Example 2: Mountainous area in Zhejiang

[0029] Cultivation background: This example aims to verify the performance of the present invention in mountainous forest land under greater temperature differences and periodic drought conditions.

[0030] Time and location: On May 25, 2024, in a Phyllostachys pubescens forest at an altitude of about 400 meters and with a canopy density of about 60% in Lishui City, Zhejiang Province.

[0031] Key adjustments: Spawn bag placement: Considering the rapid cooling at night in the mountainous area to promote heat dissipation, the spacing between the spawn bags is expanded to 12 cm.

[0032] Water management: Use bamboo poles to divert mountain stream water to the vicinity of the cultivation area. When there is no rain for 5 consecutive days during the fruiting period, make a small amount of water replenishment through a micro-spraying belt in the evening to maintain soil humidity.

[0033] Arched shed management: The film is only put down when medium to heavy rain is forecast, and rolled up at other times. Mainly rely on the sunshade net and the bamboo forest itself for shading.

[0034] Results: The budding time is 3 - 5 days later than that in Example 1, but the stipe of the fruiting body is thicker and the flesh is thicker. The average yield per bag of two flushes of mushrooms is 0.32 kg. Although the total yield is slightly lower, the proportion of high-quality mushrooms is high and the market price is higher. Successfully avoided bacterial diseases caused by excessive condensation due to temperature differences.

[0035] Example 3: Combined facility and underforest mode<​Cultivation background: This embodiment demonstrates the extended application of the technology of the present invention combined with simple facilities to achieve more precise temperature control and off-season fruiting.

[0037] Time and location: Early April 2024, in a poplar forest (50% canopy closure) of a forestry cooperative in northern Jiangsu.

[0038] Key innovations: Facility upgrade: Inside the arched shed, a row of micro-sprayers that can automatically spray intermittently has been added 30 centimeters above the ground, which are linked to temperature and humidity sensors.

[0039] Crop rotation arrangement: By pre-ripening and inducing bud formation of the mushroom bags in a simple heat-insulated shed, and then transplanting the mushroom bags with uniform primordia to the forest floor when the natural temperature under the trees stabilizes at 23℃, the first batch of mushrooms was harvested 20 days earlier, thus seizing the market gap.

[0040] Results: This model enabled the first harvest before the May Day holiday, significantly improving economic benefits. Simultaneously, the micro-spraying system ensured stable humidity of 90%±5% throughout the fruiting period, resulting in uniform fruiting body growth and a stable marketable mushroom rate of over 95%.

[0041] Overall effect analysis: The above three embodiments fully demonstrate that the core method of this invention (interval placement of mushroom bags to prevent burning and construction of arched sheds to regulate the microenvironment) has universality. By fine-tuning localized parameters in different climatic regions (such as spacing and water management strategies), or by combining it with simple facilities for innovative models (such as early bud induction), successful cultivation of Shenxun No. 2 under summer forests can be stably achieved, effectively solving the problem of high temperature and high humidity stress, and both yield and marketability meet production requirements.

[0042] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for understory cultivation of *Pleurotus ostreatus* strain Shenxun No. 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Selection of forest land and crop rotation: Select forest land with a canopy density of 60%-75% and carry out understory mushroom cultivation management during the period when the summer temperature is stable above 23℃; (2) Planting of mushroom bags: After the Shenxun No. 2 mushroom bags that have completed mycelial growth and post-ripening are removed from the bags, they are placed vertically in the forest bed at intervals of 8-15 cm and covered with soil for cultivation; (3) Microenvironment construction and control: A simple arched shed is built above the raised bed. The arched shed is covered with plastic film and shade net. Ventilation, moisture retention and rain protection are controlled by opening and closing both ends of the arched shed.

2. The forest understory cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the mushroom bags are arranged in a matrix pattern with row and column spacing both within the range of 8-15 cm.

3. The forest understory cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the shading net has a shading rate of over 70% and covers the plastic film.

4. The forest understory cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the height of the arched shed is 50-70 cm.

5. The forest understory cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes mushroom management steps: keeping the covering soil layer moist, maintaining the relative humidity of the air in the arched shed at 85%-95%, and harvesting when the edge of the fruiting body cap gradually flattens out from the inward rolling.

6. The forest understory cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, After harvesting the first flush of mushrooms, clean the seedbed and stop watering for 7-10 days to allow the mycelium to grow. Then, manage the next flush of mushrooms.

7. A fruiting body of *Pleurotus ostreatus* obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1-7.