Plasma magnetization drip irrigation tomato yield increasing and quality improving technology and drip irrigation system

Abstract

The invention discloses a plasma magnetization drip irrigation tomato yield increasing and quality improving technology and a drip irrigation system, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural irrigation. According to the technology, plasma activation treatment and magnetization treatment are combined in order and cooperate with precise fertilization, and the irrigation method for the whole growth period of the tomatoes is formed. The system comprises a water source, a water pump, a filter, a plasma activated water generator, a magnetization processor, a fertilization device and a drip irrigation pipe network which are sequentially connected. The high chemical activity of plasma activated water and the optimized physical property of magnetized water are used for doubly stimulating tomato growth, the water and nutrient utilization efficiency is remarkably improved, and synchronous improvement of the tomato yield and the fruit quality is achieved. The technology is high in system integration degree and suitable for green and efficient cultivation of facility greenhouses and field tomatoes.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural irrigation and cultivation technology, in particular to a kind of plasma magnetized drip irrigation tomato yield-increasing quality-improving technology and drip irrigation system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Tomato is an important vegetable crop worldwide, and its yield and quality improvement has always been the focus of agricultural research. Under the background of water-saving agriculture, drip irrigation technology has become the core of tomato cultivation. However, traditional drip irrigation technology gradually encounters bottlenecks in water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, crop stress resistance stimulation and intrinsic quality improvement of fruits. Therefore, treating irrigation water by physical means to improve its physicochemical properties and promote crop growth has become an important research direction. Among them, magnetized water technology and plasma activated water technology are particularly attractive.

[0003] Magnetized water technology refers to making water flow through a magnetic field of a specific strength to change its physical and chemical properties, such as reducing surface tension, increasing the ability to dissolve oxygen and dissolved minerals. In tomato cultivation, a large number of studies have shown that irrigating with magnetized water can significantly promote plant growth and increase yield. For example, under drought conditions, using magnetized water for irrigation can increase tomato yield by 32% to 57% and improve irrigation water use efficiency. Its mechanism is believed to be related to improving soil water distribution, promoting nutrient (such as potassium, calcium) absorption, and reducing plant oxidative stress. However, magnetized water technology mainly focuses on improving the physical properties of water and promoting nutrient transport, and its ability to directly provide bioactive substances to crops and stimulate strong physiological responses in plants is limited. Plasma activated water (PAW) is made by treating ordinary water with low-temperature plasma (such as dielectric barrier discharge), which is rich in active oxygen and active nitrogen species, has low pH and oxidation properties. In recent years, the application of PAW in agriculture has shown great potential. Studies have shown that PAW can not only effectively inactivate pathogenic bacteria, but also its active nitrogen components such as nitrate can directly serve as a plant nitrogen source, replacing part of the chemical nitrogen fertilizer. Application of PAW irrigation during the whole growth period of tomato can significantly promote root development, increase flowering number, and increase plant biomass and fruit yield by up to 3.9 times. However, the effect of PAW is highly dependent on the concentration of its active components, and improper high concentration may inhibit root growth, and its preparation parameters (such as treatment time, power) need to be carefully controlled, with high technical threshold.

[0004] Currently, there are researches or patents that attempt to combine magnetic field and plasma technology, but the application scenarios and purposes are significantly different from the present invention. For example, an early study combined arc discharge plasma and gradient magnetic field to treat tomato seeds, aiming to improve the drought resistance of the seeds; a patent proposed a combination of multiple physical measures including "seed magnetization" and "plasma ray" treatment, but it focuses on seed treatment before sowing and comprehensive regulation of the growth environment, rather than the continuous and systematic treatment of irrigation water itself. More importantly, existing technologies treat the two processes as independent and sequential steps, failing to address how to integrate the two processes in a drip irrigation system and how to optimize the processing order and parameter matching to produce a "1+1>2" synergistic effect. In addition, how to combine this compound water treatment technology with the precise water and fertilizer requirements of tomatoes at different growth stages to form a replicable, efficient and stable agricultural system is still a technical gap.

[0005] Invention patent content (1) Technical single limitation: existing technologies mostly use single magnetization or plasma treatment, and the yield-increasing and quality-improving effects have bottlenecks, which cannot simultaneously exert the dual advantages of physical modification and chemical activation; (2) Lack of synergistic integration: there is a lack of drip irrigation system solutions that orderly and synergistically integrate the two technologies, and existing attempts are mostly simple superposition or used in other links, failing to optimize the processing order and parameters to produce a "1+1>2" synergistic effect. (3) Insufficient agricultural adaptation: there is no systematic compound water irrigation system that precisely matches the water and fertilizer requirements of tomatoes at different growth stages (such as the seedling stage and the fruit expansion stage), and the technology application is extensive. (4) Resource efficiency needs to be improved: the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer in traditional methods still has room for improvement, and the compound water treatment technology cannot maximize the plant absorption and metabolism potential. (5) Effect stability problem: the effect of plasma-activated water technology is greatly affected by parameters and is not stable, and system integration and process control are needed to achieve stable and repeatable yield-increasing and quality-improving effects.

[0006] (2) Technical scheme To achieve the above-mentioned purposes, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: A plasma magnetization drip irrigation tomato yield-increasing and quality-improving technology, its system includes water source, water pump, filter device, plasma-activated water generator, magnetization processor, fertilizer device, control valve and drip irrigation pipe network arranged in tomato root zone connected in turn through pipeline. The control valve is electrically connected with a controller, and the controller is pre-set with an irrigation program. The method comprises the following steps: S1: System configuration. Integrate the plasma-activated water generator and the magnetization processor into the head of the drip irrigation system to ensure that the irrigation water flows through the plasma-activated treatment first and then the magnetization treatment.

[0007] S2: water treatment. Start the system, water source 1 is pressurized and filtered, and then first flows through the plasma-activated water generator 4 to generate plasma-activated water rich in active oxygen and active nitrogen species under the condition of air discharge at normal pressure; then, the activated water flows through the magnetization processor 5 to receive a static magnetic field treatment with an intensity of 1000Gs to 5000Gs, and composite treatment water is obtained.

[0008] S3: water and fertilizer irrigation. During the irrigation process, water-soluble fertilizer is injected into the composite treated water stream according to a preset proportion through the fertilizer application device 6 to form water and fertilizer integrated irrigation liquid, and the irrigation liquid is delivered to the root of the tomato plant through the drip irrigation pipe network 8.

[0009] S4: irrigation system implementation. According to the needs of different growth periods (seedling stage, flowering and fruit setting stage, fruit enlargement stage and mature stage) of tomatoes, the opening and closing of the control valve 7 is controlled to implement differentiated irrigation frequency and irrigation amount.

[0010] Preferably, the plasma-activated water generator 4 adopts dielectric barrier discharge or plasma jet mode, the treatment time is 1-10 minutes, the oxidation-reduction potential of the outlet water is 600-800mV, and the pH value is 2.0-3.5.

[0011] Preferably, the magnetization processor 5 adopts a neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet array, and the magnetic field direction is perpendicular to the water flow direction.

[0012] Preferably, in step S3, the water-soluble fertilizer is a balanced or high-potassium formula fertilizer specially for tomatoes, and the fertilizer concentration is adjusted to be between 0.1% and 0.3% according to the growth period.

[0013] Preferably, in step S4, the irrigation amount of the fruit enlargement stage is increased by 20%-30% compared with that of the flowering and fruit setting stage, and the use frequency of the composite treatment water is not less than 2 times per week.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: synergistic effect: through the specific sequence of "first plasma activation and then magnetization", the irrigation water has high active chemical substances and optimized physical structure, which double-stimulates the root activity and metabolic activity of tomatoes, and the yield-increasing and quality-improving effect is significantly better than that of single treatment. High system integration: the composite water treatment module is seamlessly connected to the standard drip irrigation system, the equipment is compact, the automation degree is high, and it is convenient to transform and popularize in existing greenhouses or farmland. Precise agricultural adaptation: by setting the irrigation parameters of different growth periods through the controller, precise matching of technology application and physiological needs of tomatoes is realized, and the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency is maximized. Green and environmentally friendly: through the physical water treatment part, the use of chemical hormones and fertilizers is replaced or reduced, and the output tomatoes are more in line with the green agricultural product standards. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the plasma magnetized drip irrigation system described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Water source; 2. Water pump; 3. Filtration device; 4. Plasma activated water generator; 5. Magnetization processor; 6. Fertilizer application device; 7. Control valve; 8. Drip irrigation network. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solution of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0019] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, the plasma magnetized drip irrigation system of this embodiment includes a water source 1 (such as a reservoir), a water pump 2 that draws water from the water source 1, and a filtration device 3 (such as a disc filter) to remove impurities. The water then flows into the core processing unit: first, it flows through a plasma activated water generator 4 (in this embodiment, a dielectric barrier discharge type with a power of 500W), where it is processed for 3 minutes to obtain activated water with a pH of approximately 2.8. The activated water immediately flows into the downstream magnetization processor 5 (using a 3000Gs neodymium iron boron permanent magnet ring), where the water flow vertically cuts the magnetic lines of force, completing the magnetization. On the main pipeline, a Venturi fertilizer applicator 6 acts as a fertilizer application device, drawing tomato-specific water-soluble fertilizer into the system. Finally, the water and fertilizer are precisely delivered to the roots of each tomato plant through a drip irrigation network 8 laid in the field.

[0021] Application Examples: The technology is applied in tomato planting in a sunlight greenhouse in Shandong Province. The variety is "Provence", and two groups of controls (conventional drip irrigation) and treatments (plasma magnetized drip irrigation of the application) are set. The treatment group is executed according to the following system: seedling stage: after planting, compound treatment water is irrigated every 3 days, the irrigation amount is 15 m³ / ha, and no fertilizer is applied. Flowering and fruit setting stage: irrigate every 5 days, the irrigation amount is 20 m³ / ha, and apply balanced fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=20-20-20) with a concentration of 0.1%. Fruit enlargement stage: irrigate every 3 days, the irrigation amount is 30 m³ / ha, and apply high potassium fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=15-5-30) with a concentration of 0.2%. This stage ensures that compound treatment water is used at least twice a week. Maturity stage: reduce the irrigation amount to 25 m³ / ha, and stop applying fertilizer. After one growth season, the treatment group realizes the following effects compared with the control group: the number of fruits per plant increases by 18.2%, the average weight of single fruit increases by 15.5%, and the yield per mu increases by 35.7%; the soluble solid content of the fruit increases by 12.8%, and the vitamin C content increases by 20.1%; at the same time, the irrigation water use efficiency is improved by about 31.4%.

[0022] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the patent of the application, and is not used to limit the patent of the application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the patent of the application should be included in the protection scope of the patent of the application.

Claims

1. A kind of plasma magnetization drip irrigation tomato yield-increasing quality-improving technology, it is characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1: system configuration, integrating the plasma-activated water generator and the magnetization processor into the head of the drip irrigation system, so that the irrigation water flows through the plasma-activated treatment and then the magnetization treatment; S2: water treatment, after the water source is pressurized and filtered, it flows through the plasma-activated water generator and the magnetization processor in sequence to obtain the composite treated water; S3: water and fertilizer irrigation, the water-soluble fertilizer is injected into the composite treated water through the fertilization device to form the water and fertilizer integrated irrigation liquid, which is delivered to the root of the tomato plant through the drip irrigation pipe network; S4: irrigation system implementation, according to the needs of different growth periods of tomatoes, the differentiated irrigation frequency and irrigation amount are implemented.

2. The technique according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the plasma-activated water generator adopts dielectric barrier discharge or plasma jet mode, and the treatment time is 1-10 minutes.

3. The technique for increasing yield and quality of drip irrigated tomato by plasma magnetization according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In step S2, the magnetic field strength of the magnetization processor is 1000Gs to 5000Gs.

4. The technique according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the water-soluble fertilizer is a special formula fertilizer for tomatoes, and the fertilization concentration is adjusted between 0.1% and 0.3% according to the growth period.

5. The technique according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the growth period of the tomato at least includes the fruit swelling period, and the use frequency of the composite treated water in this period is not less than 2 times per week.

6. The plasma magnetized drip irrigation technology for increasing tomato yield and improving quality according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S4, the irrigation amount in the fruit swelling period is increased by 20%-30% compared with the flowering and fruit setting period.

7. A plasma magnetized drip irrigation system for realizing the plasma magnetized drip irrigation tomato yield increasing and quality improving technology according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, It comprises a water source, a water pump, a filtering device, a plasma-activated water generator, a magnetization processor, a fertilization device, a control valve and a drip irrigation pipe network connected in sequence through pipelines.

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