High-yield culture method of anabarilius grahami

Abstract

The invention provides a high-yield culture method of anabarilius grahami, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture. A high-yield culture method for anabarilius grahami comprises the following steps: (1) putting anabarilius grahami fries into a fishpond, and feeding juvenile fish feed for first-stage culture; (2) when the fish is bred in the step (1) until the fish length is 7-9 cm, the growth feed is replaced for second-stage breeding; the juvenile fish feed is prepared from basic compound feed, protein hydrolysate and compound probiotics, the protein hydrolysates are fish protein hydrolysates, yeast hydrolysates and wheat bran protein hydrolysates; the growth feed comprises the juvenile fish feed and functional substances. Based on the requirements of different development stages of the anabarilius grahami, the invention provides the high-yield culture method capable of obviously improving the survival rate and the growth rate and shortening the culture period, and the high-yield culture method has a good popularization and application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aquaculture technology, and more particularly to a type of fish. High-yield farming methods for whitefish. Background Technology

[0002] fish whitefish( Anabarilius grahami The whitebait (Siniperca spp.) is a small, economically important fish belonging to the genus Siniperca of the family Cyprinidae. Also known as the whitebait, it is a species endemic to Yunnan, my country. Its flesh is tender and delicious, giving it high economic value. Artificial breeding of this species is of great significance for meeting market demand and protecting wild resources. However, the whitebait... In the actual large-scale farming of whitefish, problems such as long breeding cycle, unstable survival rate and uneven growth performance still exist, which restrict the further improvement of its farming benefits.

[0003] Currently, fish Whitefish farming largely relies on traditional feeds and extensive management methods, failing to provide precise regulation tailored to the physiological and nutritional needs of different growth and development stages. Especially during the fry rearing stage, the digestive systems of larvae and juveniles are underdeveloped, and their immune systems are weak, often leading to high mortality rates due to unpalatable feed, low nutrient absorption, or disease, becoming a key bottleneck affecting overall survival rates. While survival is relatively stable in the adult rearing stage, ordinary feeds often focus on basic nutrient supply, offering limited benefits for metabolic regulation and growth potential stimulation, resulting in slower growth rates and longer rearing cycles.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a method for treating fish. Based on the physiological characteristics of whitefish and a phased, precisely optimized aquaculture method, specific feed compositions and culture conditions are adapted to different developmental stages to fundamentally improve fry survival rates, promote growth and metabolism, and shorten the aquaculture cycle, ultimately achieving optimal whitefish development. High-yield, high-efficiency, and healthy aquaculture of whitefish. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fish High-yield farming methods for whitefish.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a fish The high-yield farming method for whitefish includes the following steps: (1) Release fish into the fish pond Whitefish fry are fed juvenile feed for the first stage of rearing. (2) When the fish grow to 7-9cm in the first stage of (1), change the growth feed and start the second stage of breeding; The juvenile fish feed comprises a basic compound feed, protein hydrolysate and compound probiotics; the protein hydrolysate is fish protein hydrolysate, yeast hydrolysate and wheat bran protein hydrolysate; The growth feed comprises the juvenile fish feed and functional substances.

[0007] Preferably, the fish fry has a length of 2-4 cm and a releasing amount of 150-250 tails per square meter in step (1); the daily feeding amount of the juvenile fish feed is 2-4% of the weight of the fish, and the feeding frequency is 2-4 times per day; the water temperature during the first stage of cultivation is 17-19°C, and the flow rate is 0.22-0.28 m / s.

[0008] Preferably, the basic compound feed comprises the following components in mass fraction: 20-30 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of cottonseed meal, 8-12 parts of fish meal, 6-10 parts of soybean oil, 1-3 parts of soybean lecithin, 0.4-0.6 parts of mineral premix, 0.4-0.6 parts of vitamin premix and 0.2-0.4 parts of salt.

[0009] Preferably, the addition amount of the protein hydrolysate is 1-3% of the mass of the basic compound feed; the mass ratio of the fish protein hydrolysate, yeast hydrolysate and wheat bran protein hydrolysate is 3-5:2-4:0.8-1.2.

[0010] Preferably, the fish protein hydrolysate is tilapia protein hydrolysate; the preparation method of the tilapia protein hydrolysate is as follows: the tilapia is mixed with water and then pulped, flavor protease and neutral protease are added for enzymolysis, and after enzyme inactivation, solid-liquid separation is performed, and the liquid part is dried to obtain the tilapia protein hydrolysate; The yeast protein hydrolysate is beer yeast protein hydrolysate; the preparation method of the beer yeast protein hydrolysate is as follows: the beer yeast is subjected to heat shock treatment, and then papain and neutral protease are added for enzymolysis, and after enzyme inactivation, solid-liquid separation is performed, and the liquid part is dried to obtain the beer yeast protein hydrolysate; The preparation method of the wheat bran protein hydrolysate is as follows: the wheat bran is crushed and then soaked in water, the pH is adjusted, and then acid protease is added for enzymolysis, and after enzyme inactivation, solid-liquid separation is performed, and the liquid part is dried to obtain the wheat bran protein hydrolysate.

[0011] Preferably, the compound probiotics comprise Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Enterococcus faecalis in a mass ratio of 1-3:1-3:0.8-1.2; the addition amount of the compound probiotics is 0.5-1.5% of the mass of the basic compound feed.

[0012] Preferably, the daily feeding amount of the growth feed is 3-5% of the weight of the fish, and the feeding frequency is 1-3 times per day in step (2); the water temperature during the second stage of cultivation is 14-16°C, and the flow rate is 0.12-0.18 m / s.

[0013] Preferably, the functional substances include carnitine, tangerine peel extract, coriander extract, and curcumin, in a mass ratio of 5~15:5~15:5~10:1~3.

[0014] Preferably, the amount of the functional substance added is 0.8 to 1.2% of the mass of the juvenile fish feed.

[0015] This invention provides a fish The culture feed for whitefish includes juvenile feed and growth feed used in the culture method.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a staged culture of fish Methods for raising whitefish. During the first stage of rearing, feed the fry a diet containing hydrolyzed protein and compound probiotics. The hydrolyzed fish protein in the feed provides easily absorbed small-molecule peptides and free amino acids, quickly meeting the needs of the whitefish. The protein synthesis requirements of whitefish; yeast protein hydrolysate is rich in β-glucan and mannan oligosaccharides, which can improve the protein synthesis of whitefish. The immune system of whitefish is enhanced; wheat bran protein hydrolysate provides plant-derived small peptides and dietary fiber precursors, promoting intestinal peristalsis; the three protein hydrolysates can produce a large amount of flavor-enhancing amino acids, promoting fish feeding and increasing the feeding rate and intake of juveniles. The Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis in the compound probiotics can secrete various digestive enzymes to aid digestion; Enterococcus faecalis can produce lactic acid, lowering intestinal pH, inhibiting harmful bacteria, and adhering to the intestinal mucosa to form a biological barrier. In the second stage of rearing, the feeding of carnitine, tangerine peel extract, coriander extract, and curcumin is further increased; carnitine can participate in fat metabolism and enhance the immunity of whitefish. The invention improves the weight gain rate and feed conversion efficiency of whitefish, enhancing fish meat quality. Tangerine peel extract and coriander extract stimulate the fish's sense of smell, increasing feed intake. Coriander extract also promotes intestinal peristalsis. Curcumin, as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, maintains the fish's health and promotes rapid growth. Furthermore, this invention optimizes the water temperature and flow rate during the two rearing stages. Selecting a higher water temperature and flow rate during the first stage further promotes feeding and growth in juvenile fish, increasing survival rate.

[0017] This invention is based on fish This study addresses the different developmental needs of whitefish and provides a high-yield aquaculture method that can significantly improve survival and growth rates while shortening the breeding cycle, showing promising prospects for widespread application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] This invention provides a fish The high-yield farming method for whitefish includes the following steps: (1) Release fish into the fish pond Whitefish fry are fed juvenile feed for the first stage of rearing. (2) When the fish grow to 7-9cm in the first stage of (1), change the growth feed and start the second stage of breeding; The juvenile fish feed includes a basic compound feed, protein hydrolysate, and compound probiotics; the protein hydrolysate is fish protein hydrolysate, yeast hydrolysate, and wheat bran protein hydrolysate. The growth feed includes the juvenile fish feed and functional substances.

[0019] In this invention, the length of the fish fry in step (1) is 2-4 cm, preferably 2.5-3.5 cm, more preferably 3 cm, and the feeding amount is 150-250 fish / square meter, preferably 180-220 fish / square meter, more preferably 200 fish / square meter; the daily feeding amount of the fry feed is 2-4% of the fish weight, preferably 2.5-3.5%, more preferably 3%, and the feeding frequency is 2-4 times / day, preferably 3 times / day; the water temperature during the first stage of breeding is 17-19℃, preferably 18℃, and the flow rate is 0.22-0.28 m / s, preferably 0.25 m / s.

[0020] In this invention, the basic compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts soybean meal, 10-20 parts cottonseed meal, 8-12 parts fish meal, 6-10 parts soybean oil, 1-3 parts soybean lecithin, 0.4-0.6 parts mineral premix, 0.4-0.6 parts vitamin premix, and 0.2-0.4 parts salt; preferably, it comprises the following components in parts by weight: 22-28 parts soybean meal, 12-18 parts cottonseed meal, and 9-10 parts fish meal. 11 parts soybean meal, 7-9 parts soybean oil, 1.5-2.5 parts soybean lecithin, 0.45-0.55 parts mineral premix, 0.45-0.55 parts vitamin premix, and 0.25-0.35 parts salt; more preferably, the components include the following parts by weight: 25 parts soybean meal, 15 parts cottonseed meal, 10 parts fish meal, 8 parts soybean oil, 2 parts soybean lecithin, 0.5 parts mineral premix, 0.5 parts vitamin premix, and 0.3 parts salt.

[0021] In this invention, the amount of protein hydrolysate added is 1-3% of the mass of the basic compound feed, preferably 1.5-2.5%, and more preferably 2%; the mass ratio of fish protein hydrolysate, yeast hydrolysate, and wheat bran protein hydrolysate is 3-5:2-4:0.8-1.2, preferably 3.5-4.5:2.5-3.5:0.9-1.1, and more preferably 4:3:1.

[0022] In this invention, the fish protein hydrolysate is tilapia protein hydrolysate; the preparation method of the tilapia protein hydrolysate is as follows: tilapia is mixed with water and pulped, flavor protease and neutral protease are added for enzymatic hydrolysis, enzymes are inactivated and solid-liquid separation is performed, the liquid part is dried to obtain tilapia protein hydrolysate. The yeast protein hydrolysate is brewer's yeast protein hydrolysate; the preparation method of the brewer's yeast protein hydrolysate is as follows: after heat shock treatment of brewer's yeast, papain and neutral protease are added for enzymatic hydrolysis, after enzyme inactivation, solid-liquid separation is performed, and the liquid part is dried to obtain brewer's yeast protein hydrolysate. The preparation method of the wheat bran protein hydrolysate is as follows: wheat bran is crushed and soaked in water, the pH is adjusted and acidic protease is added for enzymatic hydrolysis, the enzyme is inactivated and the solid and liquid are separated, and the liquid part is dried to obtain the wheat bran protein hydrolysate.

[0023] In the method for preparing tilapia protein hydrolysate of the present invention, the mass-to-volume ratio of tilapia to water is 0.8-1.2g:2-4mL, preferably 0.9-1.1g:2.5-3.5mL, and more preferably 1g:3mL; the mass ratio of flavor protease to neutral protease is 2-4:0.8-1.2, preferably 2.5-3.5:0.9-1.1, and more preferably 3:1; the amount of enzyme added is 0.3-0.7% of the mass of tilapia, preferably 0.4-0.6%, and more preferably 0.5%; the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is 40-50℃, preferably 42-48℃, and more preferably 45℃; the pH is 6.5-7.5, preferably 6.8-7.2, and more preferably 7.0; and the time is 4-8h, preferably 5-7h, and more preferably 6h.

[0024] In this invention, in the method for preparing yeast protein hydrolysate, the heat shock treatment temperature is 85-95℃, preferably 88-92℃, more preferably 90℃, and the time is 15-25s, preferably 18-22s, more preferably 20s; the mass ratio of papain to neutral protease is 1.5-2.5:0.8-1.2, preferably 1.8-2.2:0.9-1.1, more preferably 2:1; the enzyme addition amount is 0.3-0.7% of the mass of brewer's yeast, preferably 0.4-0.6%, more preferably 0.5%; the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is 40-50℃, preferably 42-48℃, more preferably 45℃, the pH is 6.0-7.0, preferably 6.3-6.7, more preferably 6.5, and the time is 4-8h, preferably 5-7h, more preferably 6h.

[0025] In the preparation method of wheat bran protein hydrolysate of the present invention, the mass-to-volume ratio of wheat bran to water is 0.8~1.2g:8~12mL, preferably 0.9~1.1g:9~11mL, more preferably 1g:10mL; the soaking temperature is 50~70℃, preferably 55~65℃, more preferably 60℃, and the soaking time is 1~3h, preferably 1.5~2.5h, more preferably 2h; the pH is adjusted to 2.5~3.5, preferably 2.8~3.2, more preferably 3.0; the amount of acidic protease added is 0.3~0.7% of the dry weight of wheat bran, preferably 0.4~0.6%, more preferably 0.5%; the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is 45~55℃, preferably 48~52℃, more preferably 50℃, the pH is 2.0~4.0, preferably 2.5~3.5, more preferably 3.0, and the soaking time is 4~8h, preferably 5~7h, more preferably 6h.

[0026] In this invention, the compound probiotics include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Enterococcus faecalis, with a mass ratio of 1~3:1~3:0.8~1.2, preferably 1.5~2.5:1.5~2.5:0.9~1.1, and more preferably 2:2:1; the amount of the compound probiotics added is 0.5~1.5% of the mass of the basic compound feed, preferably 0.8~1.2%, and more preferably 1%.

[0027] In this invention, the daily feeding amount of the growth feed in step (2) is 3-5% of the fish weight, preferably 3.5-4.5%, more preferably 4%, and the feeding frequency is 1-3 times / day, preferably 2 times / day; the water temperature during the second stage of breeding is 14-16℃, preferably 15℃, and the flow rate is 0.12-0.18m / s, preferably 0.15m / s.

[0028] In this invention, the functional substances include carnitine, tangerine peel extract, coriander extract, and curcumin, in a mass ratio of 5~15:5~15:5~10:1~3, preferably 8~12:8~12:6~9:1.5~2.5, and more preferably 10:10:8:2.

[0029] In this invention, the amount of the functional substance added is 0.8-1.2% of the mass of the juvenile fish feed, preferably 0.9-1.1%, and more preferably 1%.

[0030] This invention provides a fish The culture feed for whitefish includes juvenile feed and growth feed used in the culture method.

[0031] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. The Bacillus subtilis used in the following embodiments was purchased from the China Agricultural Microbiological Culture Collection Center, number ACCC 04181; Bacillus licheniformis was purchased from the China Agricultural Microbiological Culture Collection Center, number ACCC 19744; Enterococcus faecalis was purchased from Beina Biotechnology, number BNCC 189926; L-carnitine was used; and the tangerine peel extract and coriander extract (coriander seed extract) were both purchased from Ningxia Xiangcao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] A type of fish The feed for whitefish fry is prepared according to the following method: (1) According to the weight, 20 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of cottonseed meal, 8 parts of fish meal, 6 parts of soybean oil, 1 part of soybean lecithin, 0.4 parts of mineral premix, 0.4 parts of vitamin premix and 0.2 parts of salt are mixed and extruded to obtain basic compound feed; (2) Mix tilapia by-products with water at a mass-volume ratio of 0.8g:2mL and then pulverize. Add 0.3% of enzyme (flavor protease and neutral protease at a mass ratio of 2:0.8) to the tilapia by-products. Adjust the pH to 6.5 and then enzymatically hydrolyze at 40℃ for 4 hours. After inactivating the enzyme, centrifuge and dry the supernatant to obtain tilapia protein hydrolysate. (3) Heat shock the brewer's yeast at 85℃ for 15s, add 0.3% of the brewer's yeast with enzyme (papain and neutral protease in a mass ratio of 1.5:0.8), adjust the pH to 6.0, and then enzymatically hydrolyze at 40℃ for 4h. After inactivating the enzyme, centrifuge and dry the supernatant to obtain brewer's yeast protein hydrolysate. (4) After crushing the wheat bran to 60 mesh, mix it with water at a mass-volume ratio of 1g:10mL, soak it at 50℃ for 1h, adjust the pH to 2.0, add 0.3% of the dry weight of wheat bran acidic protease, enzymatically hydrolyze at 45℃ for 4h, inactivate the enzyme, centrifuge, and dry the supernatant to obtain wheat bran protein hydrolysate. (5) The tilapia protein hydrolysate, brewer's yeast protein hydrolysate and wheat bran protein hydrolysate are mixed in a mass ratio of 3:2:0.8 to obtain the protein hydrolysate; (6) The basic compound feed is mixed with the protein hydrolysate and the compound probiotics to obtain fish. Whitefish fry feed; wherein the amount of protein hydrolysate added is 1% of the mass of the basic compound feed, and the amount of compound probiotics added is 0.5% of the mass of the basic compound feed; the compound probiotics are obtained by mixing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Enterococcus faecalis in a mass ratio of 1:1:0.8.

[0034] A type of fish The preparation method for the growth feed of whitefish is as follows: Carnitine, tangerine peel extract, coriander extract, and curcumin are mixed in a mass ratio of 5:5:5:1 to obtain a functional substance; the functional substance is added to the juvenile fish feed in a mass ratio of 0.8:99.2 to obtain whitefish feed. Whitefish growth feed.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] A type of fish The feed for whitefish fry is prepared according to the following method: (1) According to the weight parts, 30 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of cottonseed meal, 12 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of soybean oil, 3 parts of soybean lecithin, 0.6 parts of mineral premix, 0.6 parts of vitamin premix and 0.4 parts of salt are mixed and extruded to obtain the basic compound feed; (2) Mix tilapia by-products with water at a mass-volume ratio of 1.2g:4mL and then pulverize. Add 0.7% of enzyme (flavor protease and neutral protease at a mass ratio of 4:1.2) to the tilapia by-products. Adjust the pH to 7.5 and then enzymatically hydrolyze at 50℃ for 8 hours. After inactivating the enzyme, centrifuge and dry the supernatant to obtain tilapia protein hydrolysate. (3) Heat shock the brewer's yeast at 95℃ for 25s, add 0.7% of the brewer's yeast with enzyme (papain and neutral protease in a mass ratio of 2.5:1.2), adjust the pH to 7.0, and then enzymatically hydrolyze at 50℃ for 8h. After inactivating the enzyme, centrifuge and dry the supernatant to obtain brewer's yeast protein hydrolysate. (4) After crushing the wheat bran to 80 mesh, mix it with water at a mass-volume ratio of 1g:10mL, soak it at 70℃ for 3h, adjust the pH to 4.0, add 0.7% of the dry weight of wheat bran acidic protease, enzymatically hydrolyze at 55℃ for 8h, inactivate the enzyme, centrifuge, and dry the supernatant to obtain wheat bran protein hydrolysate. (5) The tilapia protein hydrolysate, brewer's yeast protein hydrolysate and wheat bran protein hydrolysate are mixed in a mass ratio of 5:4:1.2 to obtain the protein hydrolysate; (6) The basic compound feed is mixed with the protein hydrolysate and the compound probiotics to obtain fish. Whitefish fry feed; wherein the amount of protein hydrolysate added is 3% of the mass of the basic compound feed, and the amount of compound probiotics added is 1.5% of the mass of the basic compound feed; the compound probiotics are obtained by mixing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Enterococcus faecalis in a mass ratio of 3:3:1.2.

[0037] A type of fish The preparation method for the growth feed of whitefish is as follows: Carnitine, tangerine peel extract, coriander extract, and curcumin are mixed in a mass ratio of 15:15:10:3 to obtain a functional substance; the functional substance is added to the juvenile fish feed in a mass ratio of 1.2:98.8 to obtain whitefish feed. Whitefish growth feed.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] A type of fish The feed for whitefish fry is prepared according to the following method: (1) According to the weight parts, 25 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of cottonseed meal, 10 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of soybean oil, 2 parts of soybean lecithin, 0.5 parts of mineral premix, 0.5 parts of vitamin premix and 0.3 parts of salt are mixed and extruded to obtain the basic compound feed. (2) Mix tilapia by-products with water at a mass-volume ratio of 1g:3mL and then pulverize. Add 0.5% of enzyme (flavor protease and neutral protease at a mass ratio of 3:1) of the tilapia by-products. Adjust the pH to 7.0 and then enzymatically hydrolyze at 45℃ for 5h. After inactivating the enzyme, centrifuge and dry the supernatant to obtain tilapia protein hydrolysate. (3) Heat shock the brewer's yeast at 90℃ for 20s, add 0.5% of the brewer's yeast with enzyme (papain and neutral protease in a mass ratio of 2:1), adjust the pH to 6.5, and then enzymatically hydrolyze at 45℃ for 6h. After inactivating the enzyme, centrifuge and dry the supernatant to obtain brewer's yeast protein hydrolysate. (4) After crushing the wheat bran to 70 mesh, mix it with water at a mass-volume ratio of 1g:10mL, soak it at 60℃ for 2h, adjust the pH to 3.0, add 0.5% of the dry weight of wheat bran acidic protease, enzymatically hydrolyze at 50℃ for 6h, inactivate the enzyme, centrifuge, and dry the supernatant to obtain wheat bran protein hydrolysate. (5) The tilapia protein hydrolysate, brewer's yeast protein hydrolysate and wheat bran protein hydrolysate are mixed in a mass ratio of 4:3:1 to obtain the protein hydrolysate; (6) The basic compound feed is mixed with the protein hydrolysate and the compound probiotics to obtain fish. Whitefish fry feed; wherein the amount of protein hydrolysate added is 2% of the mass of the basic compound feed, and the amount of compound probiotics added is 1% of the mass of the basic compound feed; the compound probiotics are obtained by mixing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Enterococcus faecalis in a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0040] A type of fish The preparation method for the growth feed of whitefish is as follows: Carnitine, tangerine peel extract, coriander extract, and curcumin are mixed in a mass ratio of 10:10:8:2 to obtain a functional substance; the functional substance is added to the juvenile fish feed in a mass ratio of 1:99 to obtain whitefish feed. Whitefish growth feed.

[0041] Example 4

[0042] A type of fish The high-yield farming method for whitefish is as follows: (1) Release fish with a length of 3±1cm into the fish pond. Whitefish fry were stocked at a rate of 150 fish per square meter and fed with the fry feed prepared in Example 1 for the first stage of rearing. The daily feeding amount of the fry feed was 4% of the fish weight, and the feeding frequency was 2 times per day. The water temperature during the first stage of rearing was 17℃ and the flow rate was 0.22m / s. (2) When the fish grows to 8±1cm in step (1), replace the growth feed prepared in Example 1 for the second stage of cultivation; the daily feeding amount of the growth feed is 5% of the fish weight, and the feeding frequency is once a day; the water temperature during the second stage of cultivation is 14℃ and the flow rate is 0.12m / s.

[0043] Example 5

[0044] A type of fish The high-yield farming method for whitefish is as follows: (1) Release fish with a length of 3±1cm into the fish pond. Whitefish fry were stocked at a rate of 250 fish per square meter and fed with the fry feed prepared in Example 2 for the first stage of rearing. The daily feeding amount of the fry feed was 2% of the fish weight, and the feeding frequency was 4 times per day. The water temperature during the first stage of rearing was 19℃ and the flow rate was 0.28m / s. (2) When the fish grows to 8±1cm in step (1), replace the growth feed prepared in Example 2 for the second stage of cultivation; the daily feeding amount of the growth feed is 3% of the fish weight, and the feeding frequency is 3 times / day; the water temperature during the second stage of cultivation is 16℃ and the flow rate is 0.18m / s.

[0045] Example 6

[0046] A type of fish The high-yield farming method for whitefish is as follows: (1) Release fish with a length of 3±1cm into the fish pond. Whitefish fry were stocked at a rate of 200 fish per square meter and fed with the fry feed prepared in Example 3 for the first stage of rearing. The daily feeding amount of the fry feed was 3% of the fish weight, and the feeding frequency was 3 times per day. The water temperature during the first stage of rearing was 18℃ and the flow rate was 0.25m / s. (2) When the fish grows to 8±1cm in step (1), replace the growth feed prepared in Example 3 for the second stage of cultivation; the daily feeding amount of the growth feed is 4% of the fish weight, and the feeding frequency is 2 times / day; the water temperature during the second stage of cultivation is 15℃ and the flow rate is 0.15m / s.

[0047] Comparative Example 1

[0048] The difference between this comparative example and Example 6 is that the wheat bran protein hydrolysate in the juvenile fish feed and growth feed is replaced with an equal amount of tilapia protein hydrolysate, while the other steps are the same as in Example 6.

[0049] Comparative Example 2

[0050] The difference between this comparative example and Example 6 is that the enzymes used in the preparation of tilapia protein hydrolysate and brewer's yeast protein hydrolysate are both neutral proteases, and the amount of neutral proteases is 0.5% of the mass of tilapia by-products or brewer's yeast. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 6.

[0051] Comparative Example 3

[0052] The difference between this comparative example and Example 6 is that the compound probiotics in the juvenile fish feed and the growth feed are obtained by mixing Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis at a mass ratio of 3:2. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 6.

[0053] Comparative Example 4

[0054] The difference between this comparative example and Example 6 is that the carnitine in the growth feed is replaced with an equal amount of dried tangerine peel extract, and the curcumin is replaced with an equal amount of coriander extract. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 6.

[0055] Comparative Example 5

[0056] The difference between this comparative example and Example 6 is that the culture was carried out at a water temperature of 20°C and a flow rate of 0.15 m / s, while the other steps were the same as in Example 6.

[0057] Experimental Example 1

[0058] Fish ponds with an area of ​​20 square meters were constructed, and catfish were cultured according to the culture methods described in Example 6 and Comparative Examples 1-5. Whitefish were included as a control group, fed only the basic formulated feed prepared in Example 3 (except for the feed, the other farming methods were the same as in Example 6). All management methods were identical except for the aforementioned differences. The experiment was conducted at the Yunnan Provincial Fisheries Research Institute, with three replicates for each group. Data on whitefish were recorded during the experiment. The feed intake and mortality of whitefish were investigated over a period of 12 months (calculated as 30 days per month). After the experiment, the feed intake and mortality rates of each treatment group were calculated. The survival rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio of whitefish were averaged, as shown in Table 1.

[0059] Survival rate = (Number of released fish - Number of dead fish) / Number of released fish × 100%

[0060] Specific growth rate = (ln final body weight - ln initial body weight) / rearing time

[0061] Feed conversion ratio = Total weight of feed fed / (Final body weight - Initial body weight)

[0062] Table 1. Different treatment groups of fish Whitefish growth performance

[0063] As shown in Table 1, compared with the control, the fish in each treatment group... The survival rate and final weight of the whitefish were significantly improved, indicating that the protein hydrolysate, compound probiotics, and functional substances added to the feed were beneficial to the whitefish. The comparison showed a significant positive effect on the healthy growth and feeding of whitefish. Compared with Example 6, after omitting some components or changing the culture conditions in Comparative Examples 1-5, the whitefish... The decreased survival rate, slower growth rate, and increased feed conversion ratio of whitefish indicate that selecting the complete feed composition and culture conditions of this invention can significantly improve the survival rate of whitefish. The growth performance of whitefish.

[0064] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A type of fish The high-yield farming method for whitefish is characterized by... Includes the following steps: (1) Release fish into the fish pond Whitefish fry are fed juvenile feed for the first stage of rearing. (2) When the fish grow to 7-9cm in the first stage of (1), change the growth feed and start the second stage of breeding; The juvenile fish feed includes a basic compound feed, protein hydrolysate, and compound probiotics; the protein hydrolysate is fish protein hydrolysate, yeast hydrolysate, and wheat bran protein hydrolysate. The growth feed includes the juvenile fish feed and functional substances.

2. The aquaculture method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the fish fry mentioned in step (1) is 2~4cm, and the stocking quantity is 150~250 fish / square meter; the daily feeding amount of the fry feed is 2~4% of the fish weight, and the feeding frequency is 2~4 times / day; the water temperature during the first stage of breeding is 17~19℃, and the flow rate is 0.22~0.28m / s.

3. The aquaculture method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basic compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts soybean meal, 10-20 parts cottonseed meal, 8-12 parts fish meal, 6-10 parts soybean oil, 1-3 parts soybean lecithin, 0.4-0.6 parts mineral premix, 0.4-0.6 parts vitamin premix, and 0.2-0.4 parts salt.

4. The aquaculture method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of protein hydrolysate added is 1-3% of the mass of the basic compound feed; the mass ratio of fish protein hydrolysate, yeast hydrolysate, and wheat bran protein hydrolysate is 3-5:2-4:0.8-1.

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5. The aquaculture method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fish protein hydrolysate is tilapia protein hydrolysate; the preparation method of the tilapia protein hydrolysate is as follows: tilapia is mixed with water and pulped, flavor protease and neutral protease are added for enzymatic hydrolysis, enzymes are inactivated and solid-liquid separation is performed, the liquid part is dried to obtain tilapia protein hydrolysate. The yeast protein hydrolysate is brewer's yeast protein hydrolysate; the preparation method of the brewer's yeast protein hydrolysate is as follows: after heat shock treatment of brewer's yeast, papain and neutral protease are added for enzymatic hydrolysis, after enzyme inactivation, solid-liquid separation is performed, and the liquid part is dried to obtain brewer's yeast protein hydrolysate. The preparation method of the wheat bran protein hydrolysate is as follows: wheat bran is crushed and soaked in water, the pH is adjusted and acidic protease is added for enzymatic hydrolysis, the enzyme is inactivated and the solid and liquid are separated, and the liquid part is dried to obtain the wheat bran protein hydrolysate.

6. The aquaculture method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound probiotics include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Enterococcus faecalis, with a mass ratio of 1~3:1~3:0.8~1.2; the amount of the compound probiotics added is 0.5~1.5% of the mass of the basic compound feed.

7. The aquaculture method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The daily feeding amount of the growth feed mentioned in step (2) is 3-5% of the fish weight, and the feeding frequency is 1-3 times / day; the water temperature during the second stage of breeding is 14-16℃, and the flow rate is 0.12-0.18m / s.

8. The aquaculture method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional substances include carnitine, tangerine peel extract, coriander extract, and curcumin, in a mass ratio of 5~15:5~15:5~10:1~3.

9. The aquaculture method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of the functional substance added is 0.8 to 1.2% of the mass of the juvenile fish feed.

10. A type of fish The feed for raising whitefish is characterized by, The aquaculture feed includes juvenile fish feed and growth feed used in the aquaculture method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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