Larimichthys crocea liver and gallbladder protecting premix

Abstract

The invention discloses a larimichthys crocea liver and gallbladder protecting premix, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture. The large yellow croaker premix capable of protecting liver and gallbladder is prepared from Chinese herbal medicines including vine tea, rosemary, rhizoma drynariae, uncaria rhynchophylla, teasel root, zhenyang, fried spina date seed, leech, ligusticum wallichii, cowherb seed, liquorice, astragalus membranaceus, gynostemma pentaphyllum, rhizoma rehmanniae and dandelion. The premix can repair the damaged liver of the large yellow croaker, improve the health condition of the cultured large yellow croaker and improve the success rate and quality of the large yellow croaker fed with the feed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aquaculture technology, and in particular relates to a premixed feed for protecting the liver and gallbladder of large yellow croaker. Background Technology

[0002] Large yellow croaker, belonging to the order Perciformes, family Sciaenidae, and genus Pseudosciaena, is also known as yellow croaker, yellow croaker, and cucumber croaker. Its habitat is mainly in the southern Yellow Sea to the northern South China Sea, and it is considered one of the "Four Major Marine Products." Renowned for its delicate texture, delicious flavor, golden scales, red lips, and beautiful shape, it is highly favored by the public. The muscle of the large yellow croaker is rich in protein, trace elements, and vitamins, which can alleviate common ailments such as insomnia, anemia, and loss of appetite. Furthermore, its high selenium content can delay aging and prevent cancer. Therefore, the large yellow croaker can be considered a highly nutritious seafood. With the continuous improvement of my country's economic level, the demand for large yellow croaker has surged, driving the development of large yellow croaker aquaculture in my country. However, with the increasing intensification of artificial farming and the continuous rise in stocking density, diseases affecting large yellow croaker have become increasingly prevalent. Meanwhile, in an effort to minimize losses, farmers often misuse and overuse antibiotics and pesticides with limited understanding, leading to a series of problems such as deterioration of the aquaculture environment, increased drug resistance in pathogens, serious drug residue exceeding standards, frequent occurrences of teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic effects, genetic degradation of aquatic animals, and weakened immunity. All these signs severely hinder the sustainable development of my country's large yellow croaker industry. In particular, the presence of numerous liver lesions and white liver symptoms in large yellow croakers during high-temperature periods severely restricts the development of the industry.

[0003] Currently, the common liver-protecting treatment for large yellow croaker involves supplementing their diet with bile acids. While this method can supplement bile acids and enhance fat metabolism to some extent, it cannot fundamentally repair liver damage. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that can protect the liver and gallbladder and repair damaged livers in large yellow croaker to address these issues. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a premixed feed for protecting the liver and gallbladder of large yellow croaker. The premixed feed provided by this invention can repair damaged livers in large yellow croaker, improve the health status of farmed large yellow croaker, and increase the success rate and quality of farmed large yellow croaker fed with this feed.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a premixed feed for protecting the liver and gallbladder of large yellow croaker, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of vine tea, 8-15 parts of rosemary, 8-15 parts of bone-strengthening herb, 4-8 parts of uncaria, 7-9 parts of teasel root, 7-9 parts of gentian root, 8-15 parts of stir-fried jujube seed, 5-8 parts of leech, 5-8 parts of chuanxiong rhizome, 7-9 parts of vaccaria seed, 7-9 parts of licorice root, 48-52 parts of astragalus root, 10-15 parts of gynostemma pentaphyllum, 12-18 parts of rehmannia root, and 8-15 parts of dandelion.

[0007] Technical Principle: This invention uses Chinese herbal medicines such as vine tea, rosemary, bone-strengthening herbs, uncaria, dipsacus, sedative, stir-fried jujube seed, leech, chuanxiong, vaccaria seed, licorice, astragalus, gynostemma pentaphyllum, rehmannia root, and dandelion to prepare a liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix for large yellow croaker. By controlling the dosage of each raw material, a premix that can repair the damaged liver of large yellow croaker, improve the health status of farmed large yellow croaker, and increase the success rate and quality of feeding large yellow croaker is obtained.

[0008] Furthermore, the large yellow croaker liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix also includes compound mineral elements and compound vitamins.

[0009] Furthermore, the amount of the composite mineral elements used is 6 to 9 parts.

[0010] Furthermore, each 1000 parts of the complex mineral elements includes the following components by weight: 15 parts sodium chloride, 150 parts magnesium sulfate, 210 parts sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 260 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 310 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 parts ferric sulfate, 30 parts calcium lactate, 3.5 parts zinc sulfate, 1.6 parts manganese sulfate, 0.34 parts copper sulfate, 0.01 parts cobalt sulfate, 0.05 parts potassium iodide, and 4.5 parts starch.

[0011] Furthermore, the dosage of the compound vitamin is 13 to 18 parts.

[0012] Furthermore, each 1000 servings of multivitamin contains the following components by weight: 0.35 servings of vitamin A, 0.2 servings of vitamin D, 3.5 servings of vitamin E, 2.5 servings of vitamin K, 18 servings of niacin, 4 servings of thiamine, 10 servings of calcium pantothenate, 0.03 servings of biotin, 1 serving of folic acid, 4 servings of vitamin B, 22 servings of ascorbic acid, 25 servings of inositol, and 909.42 servings of starch.

[0013] This invention provides a method for preparing a liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix for large yellow croaker as described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps: pulverizing and mixing the following Chinese herbal medicines: *Zanthoxylum bungeanum*, rosemary, *Scutellaria baicalensis*, *Uncaria rhynchophylla*, *Dipsacus asper*, *Zhenyang*, stir-fried jujube seed, leech, *Ligusticum chuanxiong*, *Vaccaria segetalis*, licorice, *Astragalus membranaceus*, *Gynostemma pentaphyllum*, *Rehmannia glutinosa*, and dandelion; soaking the resulting mixture of Chinese herbal medicines in water; then decocting, filtering, and collecting the filtrate to obtain the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix for large yellow croaker.

[0014] The present invention also provides a liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting feed for large yellow croaker, comprising the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix and basic feed for large yellow croaker as described in the above technical solution; the mass percentage of the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix in the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting feed for large yellow croaker is 0.1%.

[0015] Furthermore, the large yellow croaker liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting feed comprises the following ingredients: 160 kg of Peruvian-Japanese grade fish meal, 120 kg of domestic high-quality fish meal, 50 kg of imported American chicken meal, 50 kg of shrimp meal, 267.4 kg of peeled soybean meal, 60 kg of corn gluten meal, 200 kg of wheat flour, 50 kg of imported fish oil, 2 kg of lysine, 1 kg of methionine, 15 kg of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 kg of choline chloride, 20 kg of marine fish premix, 0.3 kg of antioxidant, 0.3 kg of mold inhibitor, and 1 kg of the large yellow croaker liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix described in the above technical solution.

[0016] The present invention also provides an application of the premixed feed for liver and gallbladder protection of large yellow croaker as described in the above technical solution, or the feed for liver and gallbladder protection of large yellow croaker, in the protection of liver and gallbladder of large yellow croaker.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0018] The liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix for large yellow croaker provided by this invention can repair damaged livers in large yellow croakers. It activates the activity of CYP450 enzymes through the immune-boosting properties of traditional Chinese medicine, thereby promoting liver and drug metabolism, thus reducing drug-induced liver damage and restoring liver function. Applying this premix to formulated feed for large yellow croakers can improve the health status of farmed large yellow croakers and increase the success rate and quality of feed-fed large yellow croakers.

[0019] In previous farming environments and models, the high-density cage culture over many years led to frequent diseases in large yellow croaker, and the use of antibiotics and other drugs resulted in environmental pollution and compromised aquatic product safety. The liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix for large yellow croaker provided by this invention promotes healthy liver growth and drug metabolism, significantly reducing the use of antibiotics and other drugs, thus contributing to the protection of the aquatic environment and food safety. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 A photograph of the physical condition of the large yellow croaker from Xiapu, Ningde.

[0022] Figure 2 A photo of a healthy, vibrant large yellow croaker from Xiapu, Ningde.

[0023] Figure 3 The liver condition of the large yellow croaker after feeding with the feed in Example 4;

[0024] Figure 4 The internal organs of the large yellow croaker after being fed the feed in Example 4. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] This invention provides a premixed feed for protecting the liver and gallbladder of large yellow croaker, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of vine tea, 8-15 parts of rosemary, 8-15 parts of bone-strengthening herb, 4-8 parts of uncaria, 7-9 parts of dipsacus root, 7-9 parts of gentian root, 8-15 parts of stir-fried jujube seed, 5-8 parts of leech, 5-8 parts of chuanxiong rhizome, 7-9 parts of vaccaria seed, 7-9 parts of licorice root, 48-52 parts of astragalus root, 10-15 parts of gynostemma pentaphyllum, 12-18 parts of rehmannia root, and 8-15 parts of dandelion.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the large yellow croaker liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix also includes compound mineral elements and compound vitamins.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the amount of the composite mineral elements is 6 to 9 parts.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, each 1000 parts of the complex mineral elements comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts sodium chloride, 150 parts magnesium sulfate, 210 parts sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 260 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 310 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 parts ferric sulfate, 30 parts calcium lactate, 3.5 parts zinc sulfate, 1.6 parts manganese sulfate, 0.34 parts copper sulfate, 0.01 parts cobalt sulfate, 0.05 parts potassium iodide, and 4.5 parts starch.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the amount of the compound vitamin is 13 to 18 parts.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, each 1000 servings of multivitamin contains the following components in parts by weight: 0.35 parts vitamin A, 0.2 parts vitamin D, 3.5 parts vitamin E, 2.5 parts vitamin K, 18 parts niacin, 4 parts thiamine, 10 parts calcium pantothenate, 0.03 parts biotin, 1 part folic acid, 4 parts vitamin B, 22 parts ascorbic acid, 25 parts inositol, and 909.42 parts starch.

[0033] This invention provides a method for preparing a liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix for large yellow croaker as described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps: pulverizing and mixing the following Chinese herbal medicines: *Zanthoxylum bungeanum*, rosemary, *Scutellaria baicalensis*, *Uncaria rhynchophylla*, *Dipsacus asper*, *Zhenyang*, stir-fried jujube seed, leech, *Ligusticum chuanxiong*, *Vaccaria segetalis*, licorice, *Astragalus membranaceus*, *Gynostemma pentaphyllum*, *Rehmannia glutinosa*, and dandelion; soaking the resulting mixture of Chinese herbal medicines in water; then decocting, filtering, and collecting the filtrate to obtain the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix for large yellow croaker.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the herbal medicine mixture to water is 20g:150mL; the soaking time is 1 hour.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the decocting temperature is 90°C and the time is 30 minutes.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the decoction and filtration are repeated three times, and then the filtrates are combined and concentrated.

[0037] The present invention also provides a liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting feed for large yellow croaker, comprising the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix and basic feed for large yellow croaker as described in the above technical solution; the mass percentage of the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix in the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting feed for large yellow croaker is 0.1%.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the large yellow croaker liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting feed comprises the following ingredients: 160 kg of Peruvian-Japanese grade fish meal, 120 kg of domestic high-quality fish meal, 50 kg of imported American chicken meal, 50 kg of shrimp meal, 267.4 kg of peeled soybean meal, 60 kg of corn gluten meal, 200 kg of wheat flour, 50 kg of imported fish oil, 2 kg of lysine, 1 kg of methionine, 15 kg of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 kg of choline chloride, 20 kg of marine fish premix, 0.3 kg of antioxidant, 0.3 kg of mold inhibitor, and 1 kg of the large yellow croaker liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix described in the above technical solution.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the marine fish premix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of large seaweed complex, 10 parts of vitamin C, 10 parts of vitamin E, 12 parts of betaine, 1 part of montmorillonite, 0.3 parts of vitamin E acetate, and 0.4 parts of soybean lecithin; the large seaweed complex is composed of Gracilaria powder, Sargassum powder, and Taxodium asparagus powder in a mass ratio of 5:2:1; the montmorillonite has a particle size of 80-100 mesh.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the antioxidant is selected from ethoxyquinoline.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the antifungal agent is selected from calcium propionate.

[0042] The present invention also provides an application of the premixed feed for liver and gallbladder protection of large yellow croaker as described in the above technical solution, or the feed for liver and gallbladder protection of large yellow croaker, in the protection of liver and gallbladder of large yellow croaker.

[0043] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in the embodiments of this invention were purchased through commercial channels.

[0044] In the following examples and comparative examples, the aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) kit, alanine aminotransferase (GPT) kit, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were all purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnology Institute.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] A liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting feed for large yellow croaker is composed of the following ingredients: 160 kg of Peruvian-Japanese grade fish meal, 120 kg of domestic high-quality fish meal, 50 kg of imported American chicken meal, 50 kg of shrimp meal, 267.4 kg of peeled soybean meal, 60 kg of corn gluten meal, 200 kg of wheat flour, 50 kg of imported fish oil, 2 kg of lysine, 1 kg of methionine, 15 kg of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 kg of choline chloride, 20 kg of marine fish premix, 0.3 kg of antioxidant, 0.3 kg of mold inhibitor, and 1 kg of liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix for large yellow croaker, denoted as M1;

[0047] The marine fish premix consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of large seaweed complex, 10 parts of vitamin C, 10 parts of vitamin E, 12 parts of betaine, 1 part of montmorillonite (particle size 80-100 mesh), 0.3 parts of vitamin E acetate, and 0.4 parts of soybean lecithin; the large seaweed complex is composed of Gracilaria powder, Sargassum powder, and Taxus chinensis powder in a mass ratio of 5:2:1.

[0048] The antioxidant is ethoxyquinoline, and the fungicide is calcium propionate;

[0049] The premixed feed for protecting the liver and gallbladder of large yellow croaker consists of the following ingredients in parts by weight: 12 parts of vine tea, 9 parts of rosemary, 15 parts of bone-strengthening herb, 4 parts of uncaria, 7 parts of teasel root, 7 parts of gentian root, 15 parts of stir-fried jujube seed, 5 parts of leech, 8 parts of chuanxiong rhizome, 7 parts of cowherb seed, 7 parts of licorice root, 48 parts of astragalus root, 12 parts of gynostemma pentaphyllum, 13 parts of rehmannia root, and 15 parts of dandelion.

[0050] The preparation method of the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix for large yellow croaker is as follows: Crush and mix the following ingredients: *Zanthoxylum bungeanum*, *Rosemary chrysanthemum*, *Scutellaria baicalensis*, *Uncaria rhynchophylla*, *Dipsacus asper*, *Zhenyang*, stir-fried jujube seed, leech, *Ligusticum chuanxiong*, *Vaccaria segetalis*, licorice, *Astragalus membranaceus*, *Gynostemma pentaphyllum*, *Rehmannia glutinosa*, and dandelion. Weigh 20g of the mixture and pour it into a beaker containing 150mL of pure water. After soaking for 1 hour, begin decoction at 90℃, stirring constantly. After 30 minutes of decoction, filter and collect the filtrate. Repeat the decoction and filtration process three times, combine the three filtrates, concentrate to a final volume of 20mL, centrifuge, and sterilize to obtain a liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix for large yellow croaker with a concentration of 1g / mL. Store temporarily at 4℃.

[0051] The preparation method of the above-mentioned liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting feed for large yellow croaker is as follows: Peruvian and Japanese grade fish meal, domestic high-quality fish meal, imported American chicken meal, shrimp meal, peeled soybean meal, corn gluten meal, imported fish oil, lysine, methionine, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, marine fish premix, antioxidants and antifungal agents are mixed to obtain a basic feed premix; the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix for large yellow croaker is thoroughly mixed with flour, and then added to the above-mentioned basic feed premix and mixed evenly to obtain the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting feed for large yellow croaker.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] A liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting feed for large yellow croaker differs from Example 1 in that the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix for large yellow croaker is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of vine tea, 8 parts of rosemary, 12 parts of bone-strengthening herb, 8 parts of uncaria, 9 parts of dipsacus root, 9 parts of gentian root, 15 parts of stir-fried jujube seed, 6 parts of leech, 7 parts of chuanxiong rhizome, 9 parts of vaccaria seed, 8 parts of licorice root, 52 parts of astragalus root, 13 parts of gynostemma pentaphyllum, 16 parts of rehmannia root, and 10 parts of dandelion; the other components are the same as in Example 1, and are denoted as M2.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] A liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting feed for large yellow croaker differs from Example 1 in that the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix for large yellow croaker is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of vine tea, 11 parts of rosemary, 12 parts of bone-strengthening herb, 7 parts of uncaria, 8 parts of dipsacus root, 9 parts of gentian root, 10 parts of stir-fried jujube seed, 6 parts of leech, 8 parts of chuanxiong rhizome, 8 parts of vaccaria seed, 7 parts of licorice root, 51 parts of astragalus root, 13 parts of gynostemma pentaphyllum, 17 parts of rehmannia root, and 11 parts of dandelion; the other components are the same as in Example 1, and are denoted as M3.

[0056] Comparative Example 1

[0057] A feed for large yellow croaker differs from Example 1 in that it omits the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix for large yellow croaker, denoted as M0.

[0058] The formulations of the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting feed for large yellow croaker in Examples 1-3 are shown in Table 1.

[0059] Table 1. Feed formula for liver and gallbladder protection in large yellow croaker

[0060]

[0061] Aquaculture Experiment

[0062] 1. Experimental Methods

[0063] 1.1 Experimental Subjects and Management

[0064] Large yellow croakers were purchased from Ningde Guanjingyang Aquatic Products Development Co., Ltd., Fujian Province. The experimental fish were temporarily housed in a 1000L circulating tank, fed once daily at 9:00 AM, with 50% of the water volume replaced after 40 minutes of feeding. The water temperature was maintained at approximately 27℃, dissolved oxygen greater than 7.5 mg / L, and pH between 5.9 and 6.8. After two weeks of acclimatization, healthy, uniformly sized large yellow croakers (weighing 150 ± 5.0 g) were selected before each experiment and temporarily housed in water containing 0.1% penicillin and streptomycin, withholding food for 12 hours.

[0065] 1.2 Feeding and Management

[0066] After the formal experiment began, the fish were fed twice a day, once at 9:00 and once at 15:00, with the amount of feed being 5%-6% of their body weight. The experiment lasted for 60 days, during which the water temperature was 27~28℃ and the dissolved oxygen was >7.5mg / L.

[0067] 1.3 Measurement Indicators and Methods

[0068] After the feeding experiment, the relative weight gain rate (RWR, %), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and liver index (LI, %) of each group of fish were calculated using the following formula:

[0069] RWR=(W t -W0) / W0×100%;

[0070] FCR=F / (W) t -W0);

[0071] LI=W L / W t ×100%;

[0072] Among them, W tW0 and W0 represent the fish mass (g) at the end and beginning of the experiment, respectively; t is the feeding time (d); F is the feed amount (g); W L The weight of the liver is measured in grams (g).

[0073] 1.4 Determination of serum and liver tissue biochemical indicators

[0074] Blood was collected from the fish after data collection, and serum samples were tested. The fish were then dissected, and liver tissue was harvested from the same location in the right middle lobe of the liver. The blood was rinsed off with pre-cooled physiological saline, and the connective tissue attached to the liver surface was removed. The liver was then blotted dry with filter paper, weighed, and shredded. The tissue was transferred to a homogenization tube, and nine times its volume of physiological saline (0.86% v / v) was added for homogenization. The homogenate was centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 15 min, and the supernatant was collected for later use. Various biochemical parameters in the liver homogenate were measured according to the kit instructions.

[0075] 1.5 One-way ANOVA was performed using SPSS 15 software, and Duncan's method was used for multiple comparisons between groups. The significance level was set at 0.05.

[0076] 2. Results and Analysis

[0077] 2.1 Changes in growth indicators of large yellow croaker

[0078] After feeding the large yellow croaker for 60 days, growth indicators and liver index were measured in different groups of large yellow croaker. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0079] Table 2 Growth indicators and liver index of large yellow croaker

[0080]

[0081] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences, and the same applies below.

[0082] Table 2 shows that the relative growth rate and specific growth rate of groups M1, M2, and M3, which were supplemented with a liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix of large yellow croaker prepared with traditional Chinese medicine, were significantly higher than those of group M0 (P<0.05), but the differences among the three groups were not significant. The feed conversion ratio was lowest in group M2, but there was no significant difference compared with other groups (P>0.05). Among the liver index indicators, the liver index of the groups supplemented with the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix of large yellow croaker prepared with traditional Chinese medicine was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05), with the liver index of group M2 being the lowest.

[0083] 2.2 Serum biochemical indicators and CYP450 content of large yellow croaker

[0084] The results of serum biochemical indicators and CYP450 content of large yellow croaker are shown in Table 3.

[0085] Table 3 Comparison of serum biochemical indicators of large yellow croaker

[0086]

[0087] As shown in Table 3, the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in the three groups (M1, M2, and M3) that received premixed feed containing large yellow croaker prepared with traditional Chinese medicine were significantly lower than those in the control group (M0) (P<0.05). The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in the three groups (M1, M2, and M3) were significantly lower than those in the control group (M0) (P<0.05), with the M2 group showing significantly lower levels than both the M1 and M3 groups (P<0.05). The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the three groups (M1, M2, and M3) were significantly lower than those in the control group (M0) (P<0.05), with the M2 group showing significantly lower levels than both the M1 and M3 groups (P<0.05). The CYP450 enzyme levels in the three groups (M1, M2, and M3) were significantly higher than those in the control group (M0) (P<0.05).

[0088] 2.3 Results Analysis

[0089] After 60 days of feeding, the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting feeds for large yellow croaker in Examples 1-3 showed a certain promoting effect on growth indicators and a certain improvement in liver-body index, based on growth performance and hepatocyte index. After adding the traditional Chinese medicine compound, serum transaminase levels significantly decreased, indicating a marked improvement in liver function. Furthermore, the CYP450 enzyme content significantly increased, indicating that adding the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix prepared with traditional Chinese medicine to the feed can significantly improve the liver's ability to metabolize drugs. Among the three premix groups, group M2 showed relatively better results.

[0090] Example 4

[0091] A liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting feed for large yellow croaker differs from Example 2 in that the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix for large yellow croaker is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of vine tea, 10 parts of rosemary, 10 parts of bone-strengthening powder, 6 parts of uncaria, 8 parts of dipsacus, 8 parts of gentian root, 10 parts of stir-fried jujube seed, 6 parts of leech, 6 parts of chuanxiong rhizome, 8 parts of vaccaria seed, 8 parts of licorice root, 50 parts of astragalus root, 12 parts of gynostemma pentaphyllum, 15 parts of rehmannia root, 10 parts of dandelion, 8 parts of compound mineral elements, and 15 parts of compound vitamins;

[0092] Each 1000 parts of the complex mineral elements includes the following components by weight: 15 parts sodium chloride, 150 parts magnesium sulfate, 210 parts sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 260 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 310 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 parts ferric sulfate, 30 parts calcium lactate, 3.5 parts zinc sulfate, 1.6 parts manganese sulfate, 0.34 parts copper sulfate, 0.01 parts cobalt sulfate, 0.05 parts potassium iodide, and 4.5 parts starch;

[0093] Each 1000 serving of multivitamins contains the following components by weight: 0.35 servings of vitamin A, 0.2 servings of vitamin D, 3.5 servings of vitamin E, 2.5 servings of vitamin K, 18 servings of niacin, 4 servings of thiamine, 10 servings of calcium pantothenate, 0.03 servings of biotin, 1 serving of folic acid, 4 servings of vitamin B, 22 servings of ascorbic acid, 25 servings of inositol, and 909.42 servings of starch.

[0094] Aquaculture Experiment

[0095] 1. Terminal verification is carried out

[0096] During May and June, a follow-up experiment was conducted on 50 net cages belonging to 10 fish farmers in Xiapu, Ningde. Each net cage contained approximately 3000 large yellow croakers, each weighing about 150g. Twenty net cages were fed with a standard premixed feed (Comparative Example 1), while the remaining 30 net cages were fed with the feed described in Example 4. During May and June, the large yellow croakers were in a period of white spot disease (i.e., stress), and their livers were generally in poor condition. Before the experiment, 10 large yellow croakers from each net cage were dissected to observe and record liver color using liver color charts. Mortality was recorded for each net cage during the follow-up period.

[0097] Figure 1 This is a photograph of the physical characteristics of the large yellow croaker from Xiapu, Ningde. Figure 1 It can be seen that the large yellow croakers selected before the experiment were in good health.

[0098] Figure 2 A photograph of a healthy, vibrant large yellow croaker from Xiapu, Ningde. Figure 2 It can be seen that the large yellow croakers selected before the experiment were vigorous.

[0099] 2. Experimental Results

[0100] 2.1 Fish mortality in each net cage

[0101] After 60 days of aquaculture, the mortality rate of fish in each net cage was recorded, and the results are shown in Table 4.

[0102] Table 4. Mortality of large yellow croaker in each net cage

[0103]

[0104] Table 4 shows that the number of dead fish in the net cages fed with the feed in Example 4 was less, significantly less than that in the net cages with added ordinary premix.

[0105] 2.2 Anatomical findings of the livers in each net cage

[0106] After the experiment, 10 large yellow croakers from each net cage were dissected. The liver condition of the large yellow croakers from each net cage was compared using a liver color chart. Liver color ranged from reddish to yellowish-brown, divided into 1-5 grades, with grade 1 being a reddish-brown liver (good quality) and grade 5 a yellowish-brown liver (poor quality). Liver comparisons were conducted after the end-of-life experiment, and the results are shown in Table 5.

[0107] Table 5 Comparison of livers from different cages

[0108]

[0109] The results in Table 5 show that the feed for large yellow croaker containing liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premixes in Example 4 has a certain effect on reducing fish mortality and has a significant effect on liver protection. After use, the livers of the large yellow croakers are generally more rosy and bloody.

[0110] Figure 3 The liver condition of the large yellow croaker after feeding with the feed from Example 4. Figure 3 It can be seen that when fed the feed in Example 4, the liver of the large yellow croaker was generally more reddish, indicating that the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix for large yellow croaker provided by the present invention has a liver-protecting effect.

[0111] Figure 4 The internal organs of the large yellow croaker after being fed the feed described in Example 4. Figure 4 It can be seen that after feeding the feed in Example 4, the liver of the large yellow croaker was rosy and the other internal organs were healthy, indicating that the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix for large yellow croaker provided by the present invention has a liver-protecting effect and will not have an adverse effect on other internal organs.

[0112] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A premixed feed for protecting the liver and gallbladder of large yellow croaker, characterized in that, The ingredients include the following parts by weight: 10-20 parts of vine tea, 8-15 parts of rosemary, 8-15 parts of bone-strengthening herb, 4-8 parts of uncaria, 7-9 parts of teasel root, 7-9 parts of gentian root, 8-15 parts of stir-fried jujube seed, 5-8 parts of leech, 5-8 parts of chuanxiong rhizome, 7-9 parts of cowherb seed, 7-9 parts of licorice root, 48-52 parts of astragalus root, 10-15 parts of gynostemma pentaphyllum, 12-18 parts of rehmannia root, and 8-15 parts of dandelion.

2. The premixed feed for protecting the liver and gallbladder of large yellow croaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix for large yellow croaker also includes compound mineral elements and compound vitamins.

3. The premixed feed for protecting the liver and gallbladder of large yellow croaker according to claim 2, characterized in that, The amount of the composite mineral elements used is 6 to 9 parts.

4. The premixed feed for protecting the liver and gallbladder of large yellow croaker according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each 1000 parts of the complex mineral elements contains the following components by weight: 15 parts sodium chloride, 150 parts magnesium sulfate, 210 parts sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 260 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 310 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 parts ferric sulfate, 30 parts calcium lactate, 3.5 parts zinc sulfate, 1.6 parts manganese sulfate, 0.34 parts copper sulfate, 0.01 parts cobalt sulfate, 0.05 parts potassium iodide, and 4.5 parts starch.

5. The premixed feed for protecting the liver and gallbladder of large yellow croaker according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dosage of the compound vitamin is 13 to 18 parts.

6. The premixed feed for protecting the liver and gallbladder of large yellow croaker according to claim 5, characterized in that, Each 1000 serving of multivitamins contains the following components by weight: 0.35 servings of vitamin A, 0.2 servings of vitamin D, 3.5 servings of vitamin E, 2.5 servings of vitamin K, 18 servings of niacin, 4 servings of thiamine, 10 servings of calcium pantothenate, 0.03 servings of biotin, 1 serving of folic acid, 4 servings of vitamin B, 22 servings of ascorbic acid, 25 servings of inositol, and 909.42 servings of starch.

7. A method for preparing a premixed hepatoprotective and bile-protective agent for large yellow croaker as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The following herbs were pulverized and mixed: vine tea, rosemary, bone-strengthening herb, uncaria, dipsacus, sedative, stir-fried jujube seed, leech, chuanxiong, vaccaria seed, licorice, astragalus, gynostemma pentaphyllum, rehmannia root, and dandelion. The resulting herbal mixture was then soaked in water, decocted, filtered, and the filtrate was collected to obtain the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix for large yellow croaker.

8. A liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting feed for large yellow croaker, characterized in that, The feed includes the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix and the basic feed for large yellow croaker as described in any one of claims 1-6; the mass percentage of the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix in the large yellow croaker liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting feed is 0.1%.

9. The liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting feed for large yellow croaker according to claim 8, characterized in that, The product comprises the following ingredients: 160 kg of Peruvian-Japanese grade fish meal, 120 kg of domestic high-quality fish meal, 50 kg of imported American chicken meal, 50 kg of shrimp meal, 267.4 kg of peeled soybean meal, 60 kg of corn gluten meal, 200 kg of flour, 50 kg of imported fish oil, 2 kg of lysine, 1 kg of methionine, 15 kg of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 kg of choline chloride, 20 kg of marine fish premix, 0.3 kg of antioxidant, 0.3 kg of antifungal agent, and 1 kg of the liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting premix for large yellow croaker as described in any one of claims 1-6.

10. The application of a premixed feed for protecting the liver and gallbladder of large yellow croaker as described in any one of claims 1-6 or the feed for protecting the liver and gallbladder of large yellow croaker as described in any one of claims 8-9 in the protection of the liver and gallbladder of large yellow croaker.

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