Fan blade lightning protection system and method

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a fan blade lightning protection system and method, and the system comprises a high-conductivity composite material layer which is disposed on the surface of a fan blade and is used for forming a lightning current conductive path; the current distribution optimization layer is connected with the high-conductivity composite material layer and used for regulating and controlling distribution of lightning current on the surface of the blade; the dynamic electromagnetic shielding module is arranged at the front edge of the fan blade and used for sensing a lightning electromagnetic field and dynamically adjusting the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness; the heat energy self-adaptive diffusion layer is arranged in the fan blade and is used for absorbing and diffusing heat generated when the lightning current passes through; the intelligent grounding system is electrically connected with the high-conductivity composite material layer and the fan main body structure and is used for guiding lightning current into the ground; wherein the dynamic electromagnetic shielding module and the intelligent grounding system can respond to the intensity or frequency change of lightning current to carry out self-adaptive adjustment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of wind power generation, in particular to a wind turbine blade lightning protection system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The rapid development of wind power generation technology has made the wind turbine blade one of the key components of modern wind turbine generators. However, the wind turbine blade is often exposed to harsh natural environments, and lightning is one of the main natural disasters affecting the safety and stability of the wind turbine blade. When lightning strikes the wind turbine blade, not only will it cause damage to the surface structure of the blade, but it may also cause the generator system to shut down, equipment to be damaged, and high maintenance costs. Therefore, lightning protection technology for wind turbine blades is crucial. In current lightning protection technology, conductive coatings, metal conductors, grounding systems, and new materials are mainly used to prevent lightning, but these technologies generally have problems such as unsatisfactory protection effect, poor durability, and high maintenance cost.

[0003] Existing wind turbine blade lightning protection technology usually relies on conductive coatings or metal conductors to guide lightning current to the bottom of the blade or the grounding system. Although these technologies can guide lightning current to some extent, with the wear, corrosion, and environmental impact of the blade during long-term use, the conductive coating is prone to failure, and the metal conductor is also subject to corrosion and mechanical fatigue, resulting in gradually weakened protection effect. In addition, although the traditional grounding system can effectively guide lightning current into the ground, it has a large grounding resistance and low efficiency, making it difficult to ensure the rapid introduction of lightning current, especially in the complex structure of the wind turbine blade, the design and maintenance of the grounding system face high technical challenges.

[0004] With the development of intelligent technology, some research has begun to introduce electromagnetic field induction and intelligent adjustment functions, trying to adapt to different intensity of lightning activity by dynamically adjusting the lightning protection performance. Although these intelligent technologies have improved the adaptability of the lightning protection system to some extent, they still face problems such as slow response speed, poor system stability, and insufficient reliability. Therefore, the existing lightning protection technology cannot fully meet the protection needs of the wind turbine blade under different lightning intensities and complex environments. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a wind turbine blade lightning protection system and method that can effectively improve the protection capability of the wind turbine blade in a lightning environment and have a long service life and low maintenance cost.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the first aspect of the present application provides a wind turbine blade lightning protection system, comprising:

[0007] a high-conductivity composite material layer arranged on the surface of the wind turbine blade and used to form a conductive path for lightning current;

[0008] A current distribution optimization layer, connected to a highly conductive composite material layer, is used to regulate the distribution of lightning current on the blade surface.

[0009] The dynamic electromagnetic shielding module is installed at the leading edge of the wind turbine blades to sense lightning electromagnetic fields and dynamically adjust the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness.

[0010] A thermal adaptive diffusion layer is installed inside the wind turbine blades to absorb and diffuse the heat generated when lightning current passes through.

[0011] The intelligent grounding system is electrically connected to the highly conductive composite material layer and the main structure of the wind turbine to conduct lightning current into the ground.

[0012] Among them, the dynamic electromagnetic shielding module and the intelligent grounding system can adaptively adjust in response to changes in the intensity or frequency of lightning current.

[0013] In the embodiments of this application, the highly conductive composite material layer is composed of conductive carbon fibers and silver nanowires.

[0014] In the embodiments of this application, the highly conductive composite material layer further includes a conductive polymer, and the conductive carbon fibers, silver nanowires and the conductive polymer together form a three-dimensional conductive network.

[0015] In this embodiment, the current distribution optimization layer optimizes the current path based on a current density distribution model, the formula of which is:

[0016]

[0017] Where J is the current density, σ is the conductivity of the material, V is the electric potential, and γ is the adjustment factor.

[0018] In this embodiment, the dynamic electromagnetic shielding module adjusts the electromagnetic shielding effect based on the principles of electromagnetic field induction and electromagnetic response using the following electric field strength formula:

[0019]

[0020] Where E is the electric field strength, λ is the wavelength, α is the adjustment factor, ω is the lightning frequency, and t is the time.

[0021] In this embodiment, the heat distribution formula of the adaptive thermal diffusion layer is as follows:

[0022]

[0023] Where ΔT is the temperature change, k is the thermal conductivity, A is the area of ​​the diffusion layer, ΔQ is the heat change, ρ is the material density, and C is the thermal conductivity. p V is the specific heat capacity, and V is the volume.

[0024] In the embodiments of the present application, the grounding resistance of the intelligent grounding system is optimized by low-impedance materials and grounding electrodes, and the grounding resistance formula is as follows:

[0025]

[0026] wherein R is the grounding resistance, r is the resistivity of the grounding material, L is the grounding path length, S is the effective area of the grounding electrode, and β is an adaptive factor related to environmental conditions and lightning current intensity.

[0027] The second aspect of the present application provides a lightning protection method for a fan blade, applied to the lightning protection system for the fan blade as described above, and the method comprises: guiding the lightning current through the high-conductivity composite material layer; uniformly distributing the lightning current on the surface of the blade through the current distribution optimization layer; real-time sensing the lightning electromagnetic field and dynamically adjusting the electromagnetic shielding effect through the dynamic electromagnetic shielding module; absorbing and diffusing the heat generated by the lightning current through the thermal energy self-adaptive diffusion layer; and guiding the lightning current into the ground through the intelligent grounding system.

[0028] In the embodiments of the present application, the high-conductivity composite material layer is formed by compounding and molding of conductive carbon fibers, silver nanowires and conductive polymers through a hot pressing process.

[0029] In the embodiments of the present application, the real-time sensing of the lightning electromagnetic field and the dynamic adjustment of the electromagnetic shielding effect by the dynamic electromagnetic shielding module comprise: based on the real-time monitored lightning frequency ω and time t, dynamically calculating and controlling the shielding strength through the adjustment factor α.

[0030] The present scheme has significant innovation in lightning current distribution optimization, thermal energy management and electromagnetic response. The lightning protection capability and adaptability of the fan blade are improved through intelligent control, thereby prolonging the service life of the fan and reducing the maintenance cost, and effectively avoiding the damage of lightning to the structure of the fan blade. The present scheme combines the high-conductivity composite material layer, the current distribution optimization layer, the dynamic electromagnetic shielding module, the thermal energy self-adaptive diffusion layer and the intelligent grounding system, which can effectively improve the lightning protection capability of the fan blade. Through efficient current guidance and intelligent adjustment, this lightning protection technology can flexibly adjust the protection effect under different lightning intensities, ensuring the safety and long-term stability of the fan blade. Compared with the prior art, the present application significantly improves the lightning protection effect through intelligent adjustment and innovative use of composite materials, reduces the maintenance cost, and prolongs the service life of the fan blade.

[0031] Other features and advantages of the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail in the subsequent specific implementation manner part. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of this application and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the embodiments of this application, but do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application. In the drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a wind turbine blade lightning protection system according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0034] Figure 2 A schematic flowchart of a wind turbine blade lightning protection method according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0035] Figure 3 The schematic diagram illustrates a flow chart of a wind turbine blade lightning protection method according to another embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for illustration and explanation of the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0037] Figure 1 A schematic block diagram of a wind turbine blade lightning protection system according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 1 As shown, a wind turbine blade lightning protection system 100 is provided, comprising:

[0038] A highly conductive composite material layer 101 is disposed on the surface of the wind turbine blade to form a conductive path for lightning current.

[0039] The current distribution optimization layer 102 is connected to the highly conductive composite material layer and is used to regulate the distribution of lightning current on the blade surface.

[0040] The dynamic electromagnetic shielding module 103 is installed at the leading edge of the wind turbine blade to sense lightning electromagnetic fields and dynamically adjust the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness.

[0041] A heat-adaptive diffusion layer 104, located inside the wind turbine blades, is used to absorb and diffuse the heat generated when lightning current passes through. The dynamic electromagnetic shielding module and intelligent grounding system can adaptively adjust in response to changes in the intensity or frequency of the lightning current.

[0042] The intelligent grounding system 105 is electrically connected to the highly conductive composite material layer and the main structure of the wind turbine to conduct lightning current into the ground.

[0043] The dynamic electromagnetic shielding module and the intelligent grounding system can adaptively adjust in response to the intensity or frequency variation of lightning current.

[0044] The high-conductivity composite layer is a functional layer covering the surface of the fan blade, composed of conductive carbon fibers, silver nanowires, and conductive polymers, etc. The purpose is to improve the electrical conductivity of the blade surface and ensure that the lightning current can pass through the blade surface quickly and effectively. By using this composite material, the lightning current guide path will be optimized, avoiding the damage to the blade structure caused by current concentration. This layer uses silver nanowires to build a high-density conductive network, combined with the mechanical strength of conductive carbon fibers, to form a low-resistance, high-durability conductive path. Its role is to accept and quickly guide the lightning current in the first time, avoiding the direct breakdown of the blade composite material. The current distribution optimization layer is set on the control layer above the high-conductivity layer, which realizes the active management of the current path through structural design or circuit regulation. Specifically, the current distribution optimization layer is connected with the high-conductivity composite layer, used to regulate the distribution of lightning current on the blade surface. Based on the current density distribution model, this layer adjusts the potential distribution and dynamic parameters to force the lightning current to diffuse uniformly, preventing local melting or breakdown caused by current concentration. The dynamic electromagnetic shielding module is integrated into the active electromagnetic protection device of the blade leading edge, which can real-time sense the external electromagnetic field and dynamically adjust the shielding effectiveness. This module monitors the lightning frequency and time through sensors, dynamically adjusts the shielding parameters according to the electric field intensity model, realizes adaptive electromagnetic protection for different lightning intensity, and protects the internal electronic equipment of the blade. Specifically, the dynamic electromagnetic shielding module is placed at the leading edge of the fan blade, which can real-time detect the intensity and frequency variation of lightning current through electromagnetic field induction technology, and automatically adjust its electromagnetic shielding effectiveness according to the change of external electromagnetic field. This intelligent adjustment function enables the blade to flexibly adjust the protection measures in different lightning environments, thereby effectively reducing the damage of lightning to the blade.

[0045] The thermal energy adaptive diffusion layer is a thermal management functional layer inside the blade, composed of high-thermal-conductivity materials such as graphene and metal matrix composites. This layer uses its high thermal conductivity and heat capacity to quickly absorb the Joule heat generated by lightning current and disperse to the entire blade structure, avoiding local overheating that leads to material carbonization or delamination. Specifically, the thermal energy adaptive diffusion layer is set inside the fan blade, used to absorb and diffuse the heat generated when lightning current passes through. The intelligent grounding system connects the blade with the low-impedance discharge system of the ground, with the ability to adaptively adjust the grounding resistance. Specifically, the intelligent grounding system is electrically connected with the high-conductivity composite layer and the main structure of the fan, used to guide the lightning current into the ground. The intelligent grounding system can dynamically adjust the adaptive factor according to the soil conditions and lightning current intensity by using low-resistivity materials and optimizing electrode design, combined with the grounding resistance model, to ensure that the lightning current is discharged to the ground efficiently.

[0046] The scheme has significant innovation in lightning current distribution optimization, thermal energy management and electromagnetic response. The intelligent control improves the lightning protection capability and adaptability of the fan blade, thereby prolonging the service life of the fan, reducing the maintenance cost, and effectively avoiding the damage of lightning to the fan blade structure. The combination of high-conductivity composite material layer, current distribution optimization layer, dynamic electromagnetic shielding module, thermal energy self-adaptive diffusion layer and intelligent grounding system can effectively improve the lightning protection capability of the fan blade. Through efficient current guidance and intelligent adjustment, this lightning protection technology can flexibly adjust the protection effect under different lightning intensities, ensuring the safety and long-term stability of the fan blade. Compared with the prior art, the present application significantly improves the lightning protection effect, reduces the maintenance cost, and prolongs the service life of the fan blade through intelligent adjustment and innovative use of composite materials.

[0047] In one embodiment, the high-conductivity composite material layer is composed of conductive carbon fibers and silver nanowires. Specifically, the two can be closely combined at the micro level through material science processes such as solution coating, hot pressing, blending, etc. Finally, a new type of material layer with superior function is formed. Through meticulous material design, the electrical conductivity and durability of the material are maximized under the premise of ensuring mechanical properties and lightweight, thereby providing a reliable, long-acting and efficient primary lightning protection barrier for the fan blade, which is the physical basis for the successful implementation of the entire intelligent lightning protection system.

[0048] In one embodiment, the high-conductivity composite layer further comprises a conductive polymer, and the conductive carbon fibers and the silver nanowires together form a three-dimensional conductive network. In this embodiment, the conductive carbon fibers constitute a primary skeleton of the network, responsible for large-scale current transmission. The silver nanowires constitute a secondary skeleton of the network, encrypting the conductive path and connecting different "carbon fiber cities". The conductive polymer serves as a continuous three-dimensional substrate, fixing and interconnecting the carbon fibers and silver nanowires, and ensuring that there is a conductive path between any two points, eliminating insulating dead angles. Specifically, during the preparation of the material, the conductive polymer is usually mixed with the carbon fibers and silver nanowires in a solution or molten state. It can fully wrap and infiltrate each carbon fiber and silver nanowire. When the polymer solidifies, it is like a "gel net" that is also conductive, firmly fixing all conductive units in their positions and providing stable electrical connections between all contact points through its own conductivity. The upgrading of the material layer in this embodiment brings a qualitative improvement to the entire lightning protection system: 1. A more reliable "conductive path" is constructed: the three-dimensional network ensures that no matter which point the lightning current hits on the surface of the blade, it can find multiple parallel, low-impedance paths to the grounding system in an instant, greatly reducing the risk of breakdown due to local poor conductivity. 2. Improve the long-term performance of the system: the introduction of conductive polymer not only solves the conductivity problem, but also solves the core pain point of performance degradation of traditional composite layers in long-term harsh environments (such as heat and humidity, ultraviolet light, salt spray). This means that the lightning protection system can maintain reliable protection throughout the design life of the wind turbine blade, significantly reducing maintenance requirements and life cycle costs. 3. Enhance the synergy with subsequent functional layers: a uniformly, stable, and reliable basic conductive layer is the prerequisite for the accurate performance of the "current distribution optimization layer" above. If the basic layer itself is not uniformly conductive, the optimization layer's regulation will be half the work.

[0049] In one embodiment, the current distribution optimization layer optimizes the current path based on a current density distribution model, and the formula of the model is:

[0050]

[0051] wherein J is the current density, σ is the conductivity of the material, V is the electric potential, and γ is the adjustment factor.

[0052] In one embodiment, the dynamic electromagnetic shielding module adjusts the electromagnetic shielding effect based on the principle of electromagnetic field induction and electromagnetic response through the following electric field intensity formula:

[0053]

[0054] wherein E is the electric field intensity, λ is the wavelength, α is the adjustment factor, ω is the lightning frequency, and t is the time.

[0055] In one embodiment, the heat distribution formula of the thermal energy self-adaptive diffusion layer is as follows:

[0056]

[0057] where ΔT is the temperature change value, k is the thermal conductivity, A is the diffusion layer area, ΔQ is the heat change value, ρ is the material density, C p is the specific heat capacity, and V is the volume.

[0058] In one embodiment, the grounding resistance of the intelligent grounding system is optimized by low-impedance materials and grounding electrodes, and the grounding resistance formula is as follows:

[0059]

[0060] where R is the grounding resistance, r is the resistivity of the grounding material, L is the grounding path length, S is the effective area of the grounding electrode, and β is an adaptive factor related to environmental conditions and lightning current intensity.

[0061] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 2 , a wind turbine blade lightning protection method is provided, which is applied to the wind turbine blade lightning protection system in any one of the above embodiments. Specifically, the method includes the following steps:

[0062] Step 201: guiding the lightning current through the high-conductivity composite material layer.

[0063] Step 202: uniformly distributing the lightning current on the surface of the blade through the current distribution optimization layer.

[0064] Step 203: real-time sensing of the lightning electromagnetic field and dynamic adjustment of the electromagnetic shielding effect through the dynamic electromagnetic shielding module.

[0065] Step 204: absorbing and diffusing the heat generated by the lightning current through the thermal energy self-adaptive diffusion layer.

[0066] Step 205: guiding the lightning current into the ground through the intelligent grounding system.

[0067] Specifically, as shown in Figure 3As shown, a layer of high-conductivity composite material is designed and applied on the surface of the fan blade. This layer is composed of conductive carbon fibers and silver nanowires, forming a composite conductive path, aiming to improve the conductive performance of the blade surface and ensure that the lightning current can pass through the blade surface quickly and effectively. By using this composite material, the lightning current guide path will be optimized, avoiding the damage to the blade structure caused by current concentration. On the composite material layer, a current distribution optimization layer is set, which is designed to optimize the path of lightning current propagation on the blade surface, ensuring that the lightning current can be evenly distributed without causing local current overload. This layer adjusts the potential distribution and current path, reduces the potential risks caused by uneven lightning current, and improves the lightning resistance of the blade. At the leading edge of the fan blade, a dynamic electromagnetic shielding module is integrated. This module can detect the intensity and frequency changes of lightning current in real time through electromagnetic field induction technology, and automatically adjust its electromagnetic shielding effectiveness according to the changes of external electromagnetic field. This intelligent adjustment function enables the blade to flexibly adjust the protection measures in different lightning environments, effectively reducing the damage of lightning to the blade. Inside the blade, a heat energy self-adaptive diffusion layer is designed, which can absorb the heat generated when lightning current flows through and quickly disperse it to the entire blade. This design ensures that lightning current passing through will not cause local overheating, avoiding material damage of the blade under local overheating conditions. The self-adaptive adjustment of heat energy can be automatically optimized according to different lightning current intensity, ensuring that the structure of the blade will not be broken due to excessive thermal stress. Finally, a high-efficiency grounding system is designed and installed at the base of the fan blade, which is connected to the grounding network through low-impedance materials, ensuring that lightning current can be quickly and safely guided into the ground. By optimizing the design of grounding resistance, it ensures that lightning current can flow smoothly to the ground through the grounding system, avoiding the damage of excessive current to the fan blade structure.

[0068] In one embodiment, the current distribution optimization layer optimizes the current path based on a current density distribution model, and the formula of the model is:

[0069]

[0070] where J is the current density, σ is the conductivity of the material, V is the potential, and γ is the adjustment factor.

[0071] In one embodiment, the dynamic electromagnetic shielding module adjusts the electromagnetic shielding effect based on electromagnetic field induction and electromagnetic response principles through the following electric field intensity formula:

[0072]

[0073] where E is the electric field intensity, λ is the wavelength, α is the adjustment factor, ω is the lightning frequency, and t is the time.

[0074] In one embodiment, the heat distribution formula of the thermal energy self-adaptive diffusion layer is as follows:

[0075]

[0076] wherein, ΔT is the temperature change value, k is the thermal conductivity, A is the diffusion layer area, ΔQ is the heat change value, ρ is the material density, C p is the specific heat capacity, and V is the volume.

[0077] In one embodiment, the grounding resistance of the intelligent grounding system is optimized by the low-impedance material and the grounding electrode, and the grounding resistance formula is as follows:

[0078]

[0079] wherein, R is the grounding resistance, r is the resistivity of the grounding material, L is the grounding path length, S is the effective area of the grounding electrode, and β is an adaptive factor related to the environmental conditions and the lightning current intensity.

[0080] In one embodiment, the dynamic electromagnetic shielding module senses the lightning electromagnetic field in real time and dynamically adjusts the electromagnetic shielding effect, including: based on the real-time monitored lightning frequency ω and time t, dynamically calculating and controlling the shielding strength by adjusting the factor α.

[0081] Figure 2 is a flowchart of the lightning protection method for the fan blade in one embodiment. It should be understood that, although Figure 2 the steps in the flowchart are shown in sequence according to the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in sequence according to the arrows. Unless otherwise specified herein, the execution of these steps is not strictly limited in sequence, and these steps can be executed in other sequences. Moreover, Figure 2 at least part of the steps in the flowchart can include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages, which are not necessarily executed at the same time, but can be executed at different times, and the execution sequence of these sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be executed in rotation or alternation with other steps or sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0082] The embodiment of the present application provides a storage medium, which has a program stored thereon, and the program is executed by a processor to implement the lightning protection method for the fan blade.

[0083] The embodiment of the present application provides a processor, which is used to run a program, and the program is executed to implement the lightning protection method for the fan blade.

[0084] The embodiment of the present application provides a computer (electronic) device, the device comprising a processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor implements the steps of any one of the fan blade lightning protection methods.

[0085] The present application also provides a computer program product, which, when executed on a data processing device, is adapted to execute the program initialized with the steps of the fan blade lightning protection method.

[0086] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as a method, a system or a computer program product. Therefore, the present application can adopt a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present application can adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer usable program codes.

[0087] The present application is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, device (system) and computer program product according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams can be implemented by computer program instructions, and the combination of the flows and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. These computer program instructions can be provided to a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor or other programmable data processing devices to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the computer or other programmable data processing devices produce a device that implements the functions specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 one or more flows and / or blocks Figure 1 an apparatus that carries out the functions specified in one or more flows and / or blocks.

[0088] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable memory capable of guiding a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific way, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce a product including instruction apparatus, which implements the functions specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 one or more flows and / or blocks Figure 1 an apparatus that carries out the functions specified in one or more flows and / or blocks.

[0089] These computer program instructions can also be loaded into a computer or other programmable data processing device, so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer implemented process, so that the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide a process for implementing the functions specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 one or more flows and / or blocks Figure 1 an apparatus that carries out the functions specified in one or more flows and / or blocks.

[0090] In one typical arrangement, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0091] Memory can include non-persistent memory and / or volatile memory, such as a random access memory (RAM) including a cache area for the temporary storage of data. A memory can also include non-volatile memory, such as a read only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, or flash memory. Memory can further include a data storage 110, which can include a disk drive, an optical memory, a solid-state memory, or other storage media. Memory can store computer readable instructions that, when processed by a processor, cause a computing device to perform operations.

[0092] Computer readable media includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for the storage of information. Information can be computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD), or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tapes, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information accessible to a computing device. According to the definition herein, computer readable media does not include transitory media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0093] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising", "containing", or any other similar term are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusions, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include those elements solely, but can also include other elements not expressly listed, or also include inherent elements of such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without more limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a" does not exclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0094] The above merely provides an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. The present application can have various modifications and changes for those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the scope of claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A lightning protection system for wind turbine blades, characterized in that, include: A highly conductive composite material layer is applied to the surface of the wind turbine blades to form a conductive path for lightning current. A current distribution optimization layer, connected to the highly conductive composite material layer, is used to regulate the distribution of lightning current on the blade surface; The dynamic electromagnetic shielding module is installed at the leading edge of the wind turbine blades to sense lightning electromagnetic fields and dynamically adjust the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. A thermal adaptive diffusion layer is installed inside the wind turbine blades to absorb and diffuse the heat generated when lightning current passes through. The intelligent grounding system is electrically connected to the highly conductive composite material layer and the main structure of the wind turbine, and is used to conduct lightning current into the ground; The dynamic electromagnetic shielding module and the intelligent grounding system are capable of adaptive adjustment in response to changes in the intensity or frequency of lightning current.

2. The wind turbine blade lightning protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The highly conductive composite material layer is composed of conductive carbon fibers and silver nanowires.

3. The wind turbine blade lightning protection system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The highly conductive composite material layer also includes a conductive polymer, and the conductive carbon fibers, silver nanowires, and conductive polymer together form a three-dimensional conductive network.

4. The wind turbine blade lightning protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current distribution optimization layer optimizes the current path based on a current density distribution model, the formula of which is: Where J is the current density, σ is the conductivity of the material, V is the electric potential, and γ is the adjustment factor.

5. The wind turbine blade lightning protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic electromagnetic shielding module is based on the principles of electromagnetic field induction and electromagnetic response, and adjusts the electromagnetic shielding effect using the following electric field strength formula: Where E is the electric field strength, λ is the wavelength, α is the adjustment factor, ω is the lightning frequency, and t is the time.

6. The wind turbine blade lightning protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat distribution formula of the adaptive thermal diffusion layer is as follows: Where ΔT is the temperature change, k is the thermal conductivity, A is the area of ​​the diffusion layer, ΔQ is the heat change, ρ is the material density, and C is the thermal conductivity. p V is the specific heat capacity, and V is the volume.

7. The wind turbine blade lightning protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grounding resistance of the intelligent grounding system is optimized through the use of low-impedance materials and grounding electrodes. The grounding resistance formula is as follows: Where R is the grounding resistance, r is the resistivity of the grounding material, L is the grounding path length, S is the effective area of ​​the grounding electrode, and β is an adaptation factor related to environmental conditions and lightning current intensity.

8. A method for lightning protection of wind turbine blades, characterized in that, The method, applied to the wind turbine blade lightning protection system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprises: Lightning current is guided through a highly conductive composite material layer; The lightning current is evenly distributed on the blade surface through a current distribution optimization layer; The dynamic electromagnetic shielding module senses the electromagnetic field of lightning in real time and dynamically adjusts the electromagnetic shielding effect. The heat generated by the lightning current is absorbed and diffused through a thermal adaptive diffusion layer; Lightning current is diverted to the ground through an intelligent grounding system.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The highly conductive composite material layer is formed by hot pressing conductive carbon fibers, silver nanowires, and conductive polymers.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The method of sensing lightning electromagnetic fields in real time and dynamically adjusting the electromagnetic shielding effect through a dynamic electromagnetic shielding module includes: Based on real-time monitoring of lightning frequency ω and time t, the shielding strength is dynamically calculated and controlled by adjusting factor α.

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