A broadband slot-scattered flat panel antenna

Abstract

The application provides a broadband slot scattering flat panel antenna applied to the field of communication systems. The antenna comprises, from top to bottom, a radome, a radiation slot layer, a coupling cavity layer and an H-T type broadband ridge waveguide feed network layer; the radiation slot layer comprises a radiation cavity, the bottom of the radiation cavity is provided with a plurality of radiation slots arranged uniformly and at intervals, and a radiation metal ridge is arranged between two adjacent rows of radiation slots; the coupling cavity layer comprises a plurality of coupling cavities, each coupling cavity corresponds to an antenna unit, each antenna unit comprises four radiation slots, the bottom center of each coupling cavity is connected with a ridge waveguide through a coupling slot, and the coupling slot is located on one side of the center of the wide side of the ridge waveguide; the H-T type broadband ridge waveguide feed network layer is internally provided with an H-T type broadband ridge waveguide feed network composed of a plurality of ridge waveguides, and a taper pin type power distribution is adopted to perform amplitude and phase weighting on input excitation signals so as to radiate out through the radiation slots. The antenna has an ultra-low profile, a lightweight design and higher radiation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication systems, and more particularly to a broadband slot scattering flat panel antenna. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component of portable station communication systems, broadband portable antennas are crucial equipment for achieving all-weather, all-time satellite communication in field, emergency, and mobile environments. This system achieves efficient link connections with communication satellites through broadband portable antennas, supporting real-time, uninterrupted transmission of multimedia information such as voice, data, and high-definition images. It is widely used in emergency rescue, live news broadcasting, military communications, and field exploration. The antenna not only needs to directionally radiate the signal output from the high-power amplifier into free space but also needs to receive weak electromagnetic wave signals from satellites with high sensitivity and transmit them to backend communication equipment, achieving bidirectional scattering communication capabilities for Ku-band (K-underband) broadband signals. To adapt to complex field environments, the antenna system must be wind-resistant, ensuring normal operation in winds of force 6 and structural integrity in winds of force 8. It must also achieve automatic adjustment of elevation and azimuth angles through an intelligent control system for rapid and accurate satellite alignment. Furthermore, it must be quick-install and quick-disassemble, supporting on-site monitoring and management, meeting the requirements for high mobility and high reliability.

[0003] Currently, mainstream broadband portable antennas on the market are mainly divided into two types: reflector antennas and planar horn array antennas. Reflector antenna technology is relatively mature and performs well in terms of gain and efficiency; while planar horn array antennas are widely recognized for their portability and system integration due to their compact size, high integration, and relatively lightweight structure. Both play important roles in their respective application scenarios, constituting the main technical route for portable scattering communication antennas. However, as the requirements for equipment integration, portability, and environmental adaptability in application scenarios such as field emergency communication and mobile deployment continue to increase, reflector antennas are difficult to achieve rapid mobility due to their high profile, cumbersome assembly and disassembly, and poor wind and damage resistance; while planar horn arrays are limited by the high loss of the internal feed network, narrow bandwidth, and gain bottleneck under large aperture, making it impossible to simultaneously meet the requirements of ultra-lightweight design and high radiation efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of flat panel antenna with ultra-low profile, lightweight design and higher radiation efficiency to comprehensively improve the overall integration, mobility and field applicability of portable communication systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a broadband slot scattering planar antenna to address the shortcomings of existing technologies in achieving low profile, lightweight design, and higher radiation efficiency, thereby comprehensively improving the overall integration, mobility, and field applicability of portable communication systems.

[0006] This application provides a broadband slot scattering planar antenna, which is provided from top to bottom as an antenna radome, a radiating slot layer, a coupling cavity layer and an HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network layer;

[0007] The radiating slot layer includes a radiating cavity, the bottom of which has a plurality of radiating slots, and a radiating metal ridge extending along the column direction is provided between two adjacent columns of radiating slots; each antenna element includes four radiating slots.

[0008] The coupling cavity layer includes multiple coupling cavities, each of which corresponds to one antenna element. The bottom center of the coupling cavity is connected to the ridge waveguide of the HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network layer through a coupling slot. The coupling slot is located on one side of the center of the wide side of the ridge waveguide.

[0009] The HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network layer contains an HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network composed of multiple ridge waveguides. The HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network constructs an energy scheduling architecture that spans two orthogonal dimensions, horizontal and vertical, by cascading multi-level equal and unequal division one-to-two ridge waveguide power dividers. A conical power distribution is used to weight the amplitude and phase of the input excitation signal so that it can be radiated through the radiation gap.

[0010] According to an embodiment of this application, a broadband slot scattering planar antenna is provided, wherein the radiating slots corresponding to every two adjacent output ports of the HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network constitute a subarray module, and each subarray module contains four antenna elements driven by two output ports.

[0011] According to an embodiment of this application, a broadband slot scattering planar antenna is provided. The HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network adopts a two-level cascaded distribution architecture, consisting of a 1-to-60 unequal power distribution network and sixty 1-to-4 equal power distribution networks, which are cascaded to form a feed network with one total input port and two hundred and forty output ports.

[0012] According to an embodiment of this application, a broadband slotted scattering planar antenna is provided, wherein the four radiating slots include two transverse radiating slots and two longitudinal radiating slots; the length direction of the two transverse radiating slots extends along the row direction of the planar antenna array, and the length direction of the two longitudinal radiating slots extends along the column direction of the planar antenna array.

[0013] According to an embodiment of this application, a broadband slot scattering planar antenna is provided, wherein the ridge waveguide includes a ridge in the ridge waveguide and a ridge waveguide cavity surrounding the ridge in the ridge waveguide, and the height and width of the ridge in the ridge waveguide and the cross-sectional dimensions of the ridge waveguide cavity are adjusted according to the cutoff frequency of the ridge waveguide.

[0014] According to an embodiment of this application, a broadband slot scattering planar antenna is provided, wherein the cross-sectional dimensions of the ridge waveguide are smaller than those of a standard rectangular waveguide at the same center frequency band, and the electric field energy is concentrated in the region between the ridge and the top wall of the ridge waveguide cavity. The cross-sectional dimensions include the long side dimension and the wide side dimension.

[0015] According to an embodiment of this application, a broadband slot scattering planar antenna is provided, wherein the HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network adopts a broadband single ridge waveguide form.

[0016] According to an embodiment of this application, a broadband slot scattering planar antenna is provided, wherein a matching structure is provided at the T-junction of the HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network. The matching structure is located in the branch intersection region of the T-junction and is selected from at least one of a cylinder, a step, or a notch.

[0017] According to an embodiment of this application, a broadband slot scattering planar antenna is provided, wherein at least two adjacent layers of the radiating slot layer, the coupling cavity layer, and the HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network layer are fixedly connected by a low-temperature solder paste reflow soldering process.

[0018] According to an embodiment of this application, a broadband slot scattering planar antenna is provided, wherein the radome is made of a non-metallic composite material, including glass fiber and paper honeycomb composite materials.

[0019] This application provides a broadband slotted scattering planar antenna, comprising, from top to bottom, an radome, a radiating slot layer, a coupling cavity layer, and an HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network layer; the radiating slot layer includes a radiating cavity, the bottom of which has a plurality of radiating slots arranged in a row-column uniformly spaced pattern, and a radiating metal ridge extending along the column direction is provided between adjacent rows of radiating slots; the coupling cavity layer includes a plurality of coupling cavities, each coupling cavity corresponding to an antenna element, and each antenna element including four radiating slots, the coupling cavity layer... The bottom center of the cavity is connected to the ridge waveguide via a coupling slot located on one side of the ridge waveguide's wide side center. The HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network layer contains an HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network composed of multiple ridge waveguides. This network constructs an energy scheduling architecture spanning two orthogonal dimensions (horizontal and vertical) through cascaded multi-stage equal and unequal-division one-to-two ridge waveguide power dividers. A conical power distribution is used to weight the input excitation signal in amplitude and phase for radiation through the radiation slot. Through the synergistic operation of the multi-stage vertical coupling architecture and the highly integrated ridge waveguide network, precise scheduling and efficient conversion of electromagnetic energy within a very small space are achieved, ultimately realizing high gain, low sidelobe radiation, and extreme lightweight design of the entire antenna across an ultra-wideband frequency range. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layered structure of a broadband slot scattering planar antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a top view of a broadband slot scattering planar antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a side view of a broadband slot scattering planar antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a partially enlarged side view of a broadband slot scattering flat panel antenna provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Radome; 2. Radiating slot layer; 21. Radiating slot; 22. Radiating metal ridge; 23. Radiating cavity; 3. Coupled cavity layer; 31. Coupled cavity; 4. HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network layer; 41. HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network; 42. Ridge in the ridge waveguide; 43. Ridge waveguide cavity. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0027] The broadband slot scattering planar antenna (hereinafter referred to as planar antenna) provided in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below:

[0028] from Figures 1-4 As can be seen from the above, the flat panel antenna is provided with an antenna cover 1, a radiation slot layer 2, a coupling cavity layer 3, and an HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network layer 4 from top to bottom.

[0029] The radiating slot layer 2 includes a radiating cavity 23, the bottom of which is provided with a plurality of radiating slots 21, and a radiating metal ridge 22 extending along the column direction is provided between two adjacent columns of radiating slots 21; each antenna element includes four radiating slots 21.

[0030] The coupling cavity layer 3 includes a plurality of coupling cavities 31, each of the coupling cavities 31 corresponding to one of the antenna elements. The bottom center of the coupling cavity 31 is connected to the ridge waveguide of the HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network layer 4 through a coupling gap. The coupling gap is located on one side of the center of the wide side of the ridge waveguide.

[0031] The HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network layer 4 contains an HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network 41 composed of multiple ridge waveguides. The HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network 41 constructs an energy scheduling architecture that spans two orthogonal dimensions, horizontal and vertical, by cascading multi-level equal and unequal division one-to-two ridge waveguide power dividers. The input excitation signal is weighted by amplitude and phase using a conical power distribution so that it can be radiated out through the radiation slot 21.

[0032] In this embodiment, the four-layer structure of radome 1, radiating slot layer 2, coupling cavity layer 3, and HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network layer 4 is stacked and integrated. This structure greatly reduces the size of the planar antenna in the radiation direction, providing a physical structural basis for achieving low profile, lightweight, and highly integrated planar antennas.

[0033] In some embodiments, the radome 1 is designed with non-metallic composite materials, such as composite materials like glass fiber and paper honeycomb composites, and covers the surface of the flat panel antenna.

[0034] It should be noted that the radome 1 serves to improve the impedance matching of the planar antenna and protect the internal radiating elements from external environmental influences such as wind, rain, salt spray, and physical impacts.

[0035] Optionally, the thickness of the radome 1 is 0.3mm to 0.5mm, and no specific limit is specified here.

[0036] In this embodiment, a radiating slot 21 is formed by opening a slit at the bottom of the radiating cavity 23. Each radiating slot 21 is arranged at equal intervals. A radiating metal ridge 22 is provided between each radiating slot 21 in the slot width direction to improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna aperture and make the electric field distribution of the antenna aperture more uniform. Meanwhile, an antenna element refers to a fixedly arranged substructure composed of four radiating slots 21. The antenna element is the basic radiating group in this antenna design, and the entire antenna array is composed of multiple such elements arranged in a two-dimensional periodic pattern.

[0037] In some embodiments, the radiating slot layer 2 and the radome 1 are bonded with silicone rubber, so that the radiating slot layer 2 and the radome 1 can fit tightly together, which improves the integration of the flat panel, reduces the profile height of the flat panel antenna, and thus reduces the weight of the flat panel antenna.

[0038] In the embodiments of this application, the coupling cavity layer 3 is used to achieve a smooth transition and efficient distribution of energy from the feed network to the radiating unit, and the radiating slot layer 2 radiates the electromagnetic energy transmitted by the coupling cavity layer 3 into free space. The bottom center of the coupling cavity 31 is connected to the ridge waveguide of the HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network layer 4 through a coupling slot, and is located on one side of the center of the wide side of the ridge waveguide. This asymmetric feeding method utilizes the distribution characteristics of the magnetic field inside the ridge waveguide, which can excite a specific mode (Transverse Electric Mode, abbreviated as TE). 10 (Mode), thereby achieving precise impedance matching and reducing cross-polarization level while ensuring wide bandwidth.

[0039] A ridge waveguide is a special transmission line structure in which a longitudinal metal ridge is added to the center of the wide side of a regular rectangular waveguide cavity.

[0040] The HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network 41 is the power distribution center of the flat panel antenna. The HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network 41 uses the ridge waveguide as the basic transmission unit.

[0041] The 1-to-2 HT-type ridge waveguide power divider is a fundamental functional component in the HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network 41, and is the smallest physical unit for realizing energy splitting and proportional control. Conical power distribution refers to the artificial control of the excitation amplitude of each radiating element in flat panel antenna design through the feed network, exhibiting a distribution characteristic of "strongest at the center of the array, gradually decreasing towards the edges."

[0042] In this embodiment, the planar antenna achieves efficient conversion from a single-path guided traveling wave to a high-performance space beam through the vertical coupling and logical division of labor of the aforementioned four-layer structure. Specifically, firstly, the bottom HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network layer 4 serves as the energy center, utilizing the broadband characteristics of the ridge waveguide to achieve a "conical" amplitude weighting with strong center and weak edge. Next, this precisely amplitude-phase processed energy is efficiently "pumped" into the coupling cavity layer 3 through the eccentric coupling slot, where the coupling cavity 31 completes the local resonance and subarray-level secondary distribution of energy. Subsequently, the energy enters the radiation slot layer 2, where, under the combined action of the row-and-column distributed radiation slots 21 and the radiation metal ridge 22, the electromagnetic wave is guided and polarized, transforming into a high-gain, low-sidelobe space radiation signal. Finally, the radome 1 provides physical protection while completing end impedance matching, ensuring that the electromagnetic wave is transmitted with extremely low loss. The four-layer structure is interlocked, perfectly resolving the technical contradiction between wide bandwidth, high efficiency, and ultra-lightweight within an extremely low physical profile.

[0043] It should be noted that in this planar antenna design, the tapered power distribution sacrifices a very small percentage of gain to effectively suppress the sidelobe level of the planar antenna, thereby reducing energy scattering in non-main lobe directions and significantly improving the antenna's anti-interference performance and beam quality.

[0044] In some embodiments, the radiation slots 21 corresponding to every two adjacent output ports of the HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network 41 together constitute a subarray module, and each subarray module contains four antenna elements driven by two output ports.

[0045] For example, by using a tapered power distribution to perform fine power weighting on the subarray formed by the two output ports, the array aperture field exhibits a gradual attenuation characteristic in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions, thereby controlling the sidelobe level below -17dB and improving the pattern symmetry and anti-interference capability.

[0046] In this embodiment of the application, in the subarray module configuration, the radiation slots 21 corresponding to every two adjacent output ports are combined into a subarray, which drives four antenna elements. The core purpose is to achieve the best balance between feeding precision and system complexity.

[0047] It should be noted that "subarray" management significantly reduces the debugging difficulty and manufacturing tolerance sensitivity of large-scale arrays. Since two output ports jointly drive four antenna elements within a subarray, this forms a relatively independent phase and amplitude control unit in terms of physical structure, effectively suppressing the accumulated error caused by excessively long feed paths. Secondly, this structure greatly optimizes aperture efficiency and sidelobe suppression performance. By utilizing the correlated drive of the two ports, fine power weighting can be implemented more flexibly at the subarray level, resulting in a sharper main lobe and lower sidelobe levels in the synthesized beam. Finally, this highly integrated modular design improves the overall structural integration and environmental adaptability. While ensuring logical synchronization of 240 output ports, the subarray division reduces the complexity of interlayer coupling, thereby achieving ultra-lightweight antenna arrays and high seismic resistance without sacrificing radiation efficiency, perfectly meeting the stringent requirements of high-performance portable antennas for field emergency and mobile deployment.

[0048] In some embodiments, the HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network 41 adopts a two-level cascaded distribution architecture, consisting of a 1-to-60 unequal power distribution network and sixty 1-to-4 equal power distribution networks, which are cascaded to form a feed network with one total input port and two hundred and forty output ports.

[0049] The two-stage cascaded distribution architecture refers to a system that divides the power distribution process into two consecutive stages. The first stage is responsible for global amplitude weighting (such as unequal power distribution of 1 to 60) to achieve beamforming, while the second stage is responsible for local area terminal driving (such as equal power distribution of 1 to 4). Through this hierarchical approach, a single signal can be efficiently and accurately extended into the various excitations required by a large-scale array.

[0050] In this embodiment, after the signal enters from the main input port, it first constructs a cone-shaped amplitude weighted distribution in the global range through an unequal power distribution network, and then performs secondary distribution through sixty local equal power distribution networks, finally forming two hundred and forty phase-synchronized and amplitude-controlled output signals to drive each radiation slot 21.

[0051] It should be noted that this structure cleverly combines complex beamforming algorithms (unequal power allocation) with standardized subarray allocation (equal power allocation), which significantly improves the antenna's ability to control radiation efficiency and sidelobe levels while ensuring strict phase synchronization of the 240 ports.

[0052] In some embodiments, the four radiating slots 21 of each antenna element include two transverse radiating slots and two longitudinal radiating slots; wherein the length direction of the two transverse radiating slots extends along the row direction of the flat panel antenna array, and the length direction of the two longitudinal radiating slots extends along the column direction of the flat panel antenna array.

[0053] In the embodiments of this application, within the region corresponding to each coupling cavity 31 or antenna element, the radiating slots 21 are no longer arranged in a single direction, but are distributed in pairs orthogonally. The transverse slots are mainly responsible for radiating electromagnetic waves with horizontal polarization components, and the longitudinal slots are mainly responsible for radiating electromagnetic waves with vertical polarization components. This orthogonal layout with two horizontal and two vertical slots aims to effectively reduce the cross-polarization level of the antenna and improve polarization purity through mutual compensation of orthogonal polarization components.

[0054] In some embodiments, the ridge waveguide includes a ridge 42 in the ridge waveguide and a ridge waveguide cavity 43 surrounding the ridge 42. The height and width of the ridge 42 in the ridge waveguide and the cross-sectional dimensions of the ridge waveguide cavity 43 are adjusted according to the cutoff frequency of the ridge waveguide.

[0055] In this embodiment, by reducing the gap between the ridge 42 and the top wall of the ridge waveguide cavity 43 (i.e., increasing the ridge waveguide height) or widening the ridge waveguide width, the equivalent capacitance effect can be effectively enhanced, thereby significantly reducing the cutoff frequency of the dominant mode without changing the overall dimensions. Simultaneously, by precisely adjusting the widening ratio of the ridge 42 in the ridge waveguide, higher-order modes (such as TE) are effectively delayed. 20 The emergence of single-mode transmission has broadened the frequency range of single-mode transmission. Ultimately, this optimization of size parameters has not only significantly broadened the antenna's operating bandwidth, but also greatly reduced the overall profile height of the antenna by utilizing the miniaturization characteristics of the ridge waveguide, thus meeting the dual requirements of lightweight and high performance.

[0056] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional dimensions of the ridge waveguide are smaller than those of a standard rectangular waveguide at the same center frequency band, concentrating electric field energy in the region between the ridge 42 and the top wall of the ridge waveguide cavity 43. The cross-sectional dimensions include the long side dimension and the wide side dimension.

[0057] In this embodiment of the application, based on the ridge waveguide transmission theory, by loading the ridge 42 in the ridge waveguide cavity 43, the resulting equivalent capacitance effect enables the ridge waveguide to obtain a longer cutoff wavelength even though the long and wide sides of the physical cross-section are significantly smaller than those of the standard rectangular waveguide in the same frequency band, thereby realizing the miniaturization and low profile design of the structure.

[0058] At the energy distribution level, this structure highly compresses and concentrates the electric field energy in the narrow slit region between ridge 42 and the top wall of the ridge waveguide, resulting in extremely high power transmission density. Compared to ordinary rectangular waveguides with the same cross-sectional dimensions, this energy concentration characteristic not only gives the ridge waveguide a lower characteristic impedance, facilitating impedance matching with subsequent radiating elements, but also significantly broadens the single-mode operating bandwidth by suppressing the generation of higher-order modes.

[0059] It should be noted that the above design method significantly reduces the physical volume of the flat panel antenna array while ensuring that the feed network has excellent transmission efficiency and phase stability in the ultra-wide bandwidth, providing key theoretical support and physical architecture for building high-performance, lightweight portable flat panel antennas.

[0060] In some embodiments, the HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network 41 adopts a broadband single ridge waveguide form.

[0061] In this embodiment, the electromagnetic wave signal fed into the ridge waveguide is excited through a coupling slot opened on one side of the center of the wide side of the single ridge waveguide. By optimizing the eccentric position and geometry of the coupling slot, the electromagnetic energy is efficiently coupled to the upper coupling cavity 31 and finally ejected into space through the radiation slot layer 2 with a radiation metal ridge 22.

[0062] It should be noted that by utilizing the strong field excitation characteristics of the wide-side lateral slots of the single-ridge waveguide, energy conversion through an extremely short path from the bottom feed network to the top radiating array is achieved, significantly reducing insertion loss during transmission. At the same time, the radiating metal ridge 22 structure of the radiating slot layer 2 not only further compresses the antenna profile height physically, but also enhances the cross-polarization isolation and widens the impedance bandwidth by utilizing the guiding effect of the radiating metal ridge 22 on the current path, ensuring that the antenna has extremely high radiation efficiency and excellent beam consistency over a wide frequency range.

[0063] In some embodiments, the HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network 41 has a matching structure at the T-junction, which is located in the branch intersection region of the T-junction and is selected from at least one of a cylinder, a step, or a notch.

[0064] In this embodiment, the T-junction in the ridge waveguide feed network is a geometric abrupt change point where the signal transitions from a single path to a dual path, making it highly susceptible to severe electromagnetic reflections and mode distortion. By introducing a matching structure consisting of a cylinder, step, or notch at the T-junction, the equivalent impedance at the node can be finely adjusted, compensating for the parasitic reactance introduced by the abrupt change in the waveguide structure.

[0065] It should be noted that the matching structure significantly reduces the voltage standing wave ratio of the entire feed network, ensuring that energy can be smoothly and with low loss transferred from the input port to the output port over a wide frequency band. At the same time, the introduction of the matching structure improves the power distribution consistency, enabling the complex cascaded architecture to maintain extremely high phase accuracy over a large aperture range, thus laying the foundation for synthesizing high-performance far-field radiation beams.

[0066] In some embodiments, at least two adjacent layers of the radiating slot layer 2, coupling cavity layer 3, and HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network layer 4 of the flat panel antenna are fixedly connected by a low-temperature solder paste reflow soldering process.

[0067] In this embodiment of the application, by applying low-temperature solder paste between any two adjacent layers of the radiation slot layer 2, the coupling cavity layer 3 and the HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network layer 4, and performing heat welding using a reflow soldering device, at least two adjacent layered structures are integrated and fixedly connected through the molten and solidified metal layer.

[0068] It should be noted that the low-temperature solder paste reflow soldering process enables full-circumferential welding between layers, forming a dense metal bonding layer. This "surface-to-surface" welding method not only effectively prevents physical deformation of thin boards during assembly and ensures extremely high flatness of the array surface, but also constructs a continuous and sealed conductive circuit between adjacent layers, fundamentally eliminating the leakage of high-frequency electromagnetic signals from the gaps between layers, and significantly improving the energy transmission efficiency and environmental reliability of the entire device.

[0069] In some embodiments, the planar antenna is designed with non-metallic materials, such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), special materials, or composite materials. The planar antenna may also be a mixture of metallic and non-metallic materials.

[0070] In this embodiment, the flat panel antenna employs ABS or composite materials combined with surface metallization, achieving significant weight reduction and cost reduction. Non-metallic materials are processed using injection molding and other techniques, greatly reducing processing difficulty and manufacturing cycle. Simultaneously, the hybrid material design, while ensuring the high conductivity and low loss performance of the ridge waveguide cavity, significantly improves the device's impact resistance and portability, perfectly meeting the needs of emergency communication in the field.

[0071] In some embodiments, the height of each layer of the flat panel antenna is less than 2 mm.

[0072] In this embodiment of the application, by controlling the height of each layer of the flat panel antenna to within 2mm, an extremely low overall profile height is achieved. While ensuring broadband radiation performance, the device size is significantly reduced and wind resistance is lowered, greatly improving the portability and integrated deployment capability of the flat panel antenna.

[0073] The system embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0074] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0075] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A broadband slot scattering planar antenna, characterized in that, From top to bottom, the antenna radome (1), the radiating slot layer (2), the coupling cavity layer (3), and the HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network layer (4) are arranged sequentially. The radiating slot layer (2) includes a radiating cavity (23), and a plurality of radiating slots (21) are provided at the bottom of the radiating cavity (23), and a radiating metal ridge (22) extending along the column direction is provided between two adjacent columns of radiating slots (21); each antenna element includes four radiating slots (21), wherein the four radiating slots (21) include two transverse radiating slots and two longitudinal radiating slots; the length direction of the two transverse radiating slots extends along the row direction of the flat panel antenna array, and the length direction of the two longitudinal radiating slots extends along the column direction of the flat panel antenna array; The coupling cavity layer (3) includes multiple coupling cavities (31), each of which corresponds to one antenna element. The bottom center of the coupling cavity (31) is connected to the ridge waveguide of the HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network layer (4) through a coupling slot. The coupling slot is located on one side of the center of the wide side of the ridge waveguide. The ridge waveguide includes a ridge ridge (42) and a ridge waveguide cavity (43) surrounding the ridge ridge (42). A slit region is formed between the ridge ridge (42) and the top wall of the ridge waveguide cavity (43) to highly compress and concentrate the electric field energy within the slit region. The HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network layer (4) is internally provided with an HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network (41) composed of multiple ridge waveguides. The HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network (41) constructs an energy scheduling architecture spanning two orthogonal dimensions, horizontal and vertical, by cascading multi-level equal and unequal one-to-two ridge waveguide power dividers. The input excitation signal is weighted by amplitude and phase using a conical power distribution to radiate it out through the radiation gap (21). The HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network (41) adopts a two-level cascaded distribution architecture, consisting of a one-to-sixty unequal power distribution network and sixty one-to-four equal power distribution networks, which are cascaded to form a feed network with one total input port and two hundred and forty output ports.

2. The broadband slot scattering planar antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network (41) has two adjacent output ports corresponding to radiation slots that together form a subarray module, and each subarray module contains four antenna elements driven by two output ports.

3. A broadband slotted scattering planar antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The height and width of the ridge (42) in the ridge waveguide and the cross-sectional dimensions of the ridge waveguide cavity (43) are adjusted according to the cutoff frequency of the ridge waveguide.

4. A broadband slotted scattering planar antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cross-sectional dimensions of the ridge waveguide are smaller than those of a standard rectangular waveguide at the same center frequency band. The cross-sectional dimensions include the long side dimension and the wide side dimension.

5. A broadband slotted scattering planar antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network (41) adopts a broadband single ridge waveguide form.

6. A broadband slot scattering planar antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network (41) has a matching structure at the T-junction. The matching structure is located in the branch intersection area of ​​the T-junction and is selected from at least one of a cylinder, a step, or a notch.

7. A broadband slot scattering planar antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least two adjacent layers of the radiation slot layer (2), the coupling cavity layer (3), and the HT-type broadband ridge waveguide feed network layer (4) are fixedly connected by a low-temperature solder paste reflow soldering process.

8. A broadband slot scattering planar antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radome (1) is made of a non-metallic composite material, which includes glass fiber and paper honeycomb composite material.

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