25% imidazole spartina alterniflora prevention and treatment and ecological environment evaluation technology

Abstract

The invention discloses a 25% imidazole hydrochloride spartina alterniflora prevention and treatment and ecological environment evaluation technology, which comprises a spartina alterniflora prevention and treatment process and an ecological environment evaluation process which are executed in sequence, and the spartina alterniflora prevention and treatment process provides reference data for the ecological environment evaluation process. The ecological environment evaluation process carries out evaluation based on the implementation process and result of the spartina alterniflora prevention and treatment process; the control process of the spartina alterniflora comprises the steps of investigation and treatment area characteristics, pesticide application preparation, pesticide preparation and spraying and follow-up management and protection, and in the pesticide preparation and spraying step, 25% imidazole hydrochloric acid pesticide is sprayed. According to the 25% imidazole hydrochloric acid spartina alterniflora prevention and treatment and ecological environment evaluation technology, 25% imidazole hydrochloric acid is matched with different area formulas, precise spraying and complete-period management and protection are matched, spartina alterniflora can be efficiently killed, and relapse is prevented; the concentration residue and the habitat are monitored, the surrounding culture area is covered, and it is ensured that no biotoxicity and extra ecological risks exist.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of exogenous plant control, and in particular to a 25% imidazole hydrochloride control and ecological environment assessment technology for Spartina alterniflora. Background Technology

[0002] As an invasive alien species, Spartina alterniflora spreads rapidly and extensively in tidal flats, not only crowding out native plants and disrupting the hydrological structure of tidal channels, but also threatening the surrounding aquaculture environment and causing serious damage to the integrity of the tidal flat ecosystem. Therefore, efficient and safe control methods are urgently needed. However, existing Spartina alterniflora control technologies have significant shortcomings: on the one hand, the selection of pesticide concentrations lacks regional specificity, or inappropriate concentrations lead to incomplete control and high resurgence rates, or excessive concentrations pollute soil and water, harming non-target organisms; on the other hand, spraying methods are not combined with the hydrology, topography, and vegetation mix of the treatment area, easily resulting in missed or over-spraying, and lacking a full-cycle management mechanism, making long-term control of its spread difficult. Existing technologies lack an ecological environment assessment system that is closely integrated with the prevention and control process, making it impossible to scientifically quantify the effectiveness of prevention and control measures and to assess the potential impact of prevention and control actions on the local ecosystem. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application aims to at least partially address one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0004] Therefore, one objective of this application is to provide a 25% imidazole hydrochloride technology for the control and ecological environment assessment of Spartina alterniflora. The 25% imidazole hydrochloride can be adapted to different regional formulations, and with precise spraying and full-cycle management, it can effectively kill Spartina alterniflora and prevent recurrence. The concentration residue and habitat are monitored, covering the surrounding breeding areas to ensure no biotoxicity or additional ecological risks.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this application proposes a 25% imidazole hydrochloride technology for the control and ecological environment assessment of Spartina alterniflora, comprising a sequentially executed Spartina alterniflora control process and an ecological environment assessment process. The Spartina alterniflora control process provides benchmark data for the ecological environment assessment process, and the ecological environment assessment process conducts an evaluation based on the implementation process and results of the Spartina alterniflora control process. The process for controlling Spartina alterniflora includes investigating the characteristics of the treatment area, preparing for pesticide application, preparing and spraying the pesticide, and subsequent management steps. Among these steps, 25% imidazole hydrochloride is sprayed during the preparation and spraying of the pesticide. The ecological environment assessment process includes phased investigation, control rate calculation, and comprehensive evaluation steps. The phased investigation uses the characteristic data of the investigation and treatment area of ​​Spartina alterniflora control process, and at the same time collects the monitoring data after the implementation of the Spartina alterniflora control process.

[0006] The 25% imidazole hydrochloride Spartina alterniflora control and ecological environment assessment technology of this application embodiment uses 25% imidazole hydrochloride to adapt to different regional formulations. Combined with precise spraying and full-cycle management, it can effectively kill Spartina alterniflora and prevent recurrence. The concentration residue and habitat are monitored, covering the surrounding breeding areas to ensure no biological toxicity and additional ecological risks.

[0007] In addition, the 25% imidazole hydrochloride Spartina alterniflora control and ecological environment assessment technology proposed in this application may also have the following additional technical features: In one embodiment of this application, the characteristics of the surveyed and managed area include: The area of ​​Spartina alterniflora was identified, and the hydrological conditions, meteorological conditions, and geological conditions of the treatment area were investigated to determine the distribution location, area, and patch characteristics of Spartina alterniflora. The distribution of mixed vegetation and tidal channels was confirmed. The construction area and surrounding areas were surveyed to determine the mixed vegetation of Spartina alterniflora and native plants, as well as the distribution of tidal channels. The application plan is based on the distribution location, area, patch characteristics, mixed growth of Spartina alterniflora with native plants, and distribution in tidal creeks.

[0008] In one embodiment of this application, the preparation for pesticide application, based on the results of investigating the characteristics of the treatment area, includes: The timing of pesticide application should be determined based on regional hydrological and tidal patterns. Based on the regional topography and the distribution of Spartina alterniflora, work teams were formed and equipped with drones for spraying. If it rains within 2 hours after application, apply the same concentration of 25% imidazole hydrochloride in a windless, sunny day.

[0009] In one embodiment of this application, the preparation and application of the pesticide are carried out based on the characteristics of the surveyed and treated area, and the spraying method is selected according to the density of Spartina alterniflora distribution, wherein the spraying method includes: Drone spraying was used in densely distributed, contiguous areas of Spartina alterniflora. Manual spraying is used in sparsely distributed areas and small areas of mixed vegetation. The survey and treatment area characteristics results include conventional treatment areas with less native plant mixed growth, areas with dense native plant mixed growth, and areas with near-sensitivity to native plants. Based on the survey and treatment area characteristics results, the pesticide formulation is selected. The pharmaceutical preparation uses any of the following formulas: Formula 1: 1L of 25% imidazole hydrochloric acid preparation per acre, diluted with 20L of water, with 80mL of excipients AGE809 and AGE852 added. When preparing, first add 1 / 3 water to the mixing tank, then add the preparation and mix well, and finally add water to the mark and stir evenly. Formula 1 is used for conventional treatment areas with less native plant coexistence. Formula 2: Mix 25% imidazole hydrochloric acid with 1000 times diluted soybean lecithin at a mass ratio of 1:(1 to 2). Use 0.8L of the mixture per acre and dilute it with 15 to 18L of water. Formula 2 is used in areas with dense mixed native plants or areas where native plants are nearly sensitive.

[0010] In one embodiment of this application, the drone spraying operation platform is selected based on the area type determined by the characteristics of the surveyed and treated area. The drone spraying operation platform includes land area construction work and marine area construction work, wherein... Construction work in land areas, including temporary work platforms; Construction work in offshore areas, including mobile work platforms on water; For offshore construction work, operations are arranged according to the tidal patterns determined by the survey. During high tide, the team departs from the base to the work platform, and during low tide, the team applies pesticides to the exposed areas. The team completes the work and returns for resupply before the next high tide. Construction work in the land area will be carried out during the regular daytime hours.

[0011] In one embodiment of this application, the subsequent management and maintenance is based on the management scope determined by the characteristics of the surveyed and managed area, and includes the following process based on this benchmark: After applying the pesticide, aerial photography should be conducted weekly to check the condition of the Spartina alterniflora plants in the affected area. In May of the following year, a follow-up inspection was conducted on the mortality of Spartina alterniflora in the area and its spread from outside to the area, and scattered plants were found to have been cleared away. The system synchronously records the daily flight routes, pesticide application rates, and pesticide usage of the drones, and summarizes the flight routes, pesticide application rates, and pesticide usage.

[0012] In one embodiment of this application, the phased investigation is carried out in conjunction with the Spartina alterniflora control process, including: Before applying the pesticide, an ecological baseline survey was conducted simultaneously with the characteristics of the area to be treated. The baseline survey included the coverage of Spartina alterniflora, the composition of native plant species, the number of animal species, and the quality of seawater and the physical and chemical properties of soil. After application, plant communities were surveyed at 15, 30 and 60 days, and habitat conditions were surveyed at 1, 6, 30 and 60 days. Additionally, the residual amount of imidazole hydrochloride in seawater, soil and non-targeted plants was monitored 3 days after application. The survey area covered the area where the pesticide was applied and the surrounding aquaculture area.

[0013] In one embodiment of this application, the control rate calculation is based on two types of data obtained through phased surveys. These two types of data include baseline data from a pre-application ecological baseline survey and post-application monitoring data of the treated area, including: The formula for calculating the control rate by number of plants is: ,in, The average number of Spartina alterniflora plants in the control area outside the quadrat is given. The average number of Spartina alterniflora plants in the treated area; The formula for calculating the fresh weight control rate is: ,in, The average biomass of Spartina alterniflora in the control area outside the quadrat is given. The average biomass of Spartina alterniflora in the treatment area.

[0014] In one embodiment of this application, the comprehensive evaluation is based on control rate calculation and phased survey data, including: evaluating the control effect of 25% imidazole hydrochloride and its impact on the regional ecology; After the evaluation is completed, the survey and monitoring data, aerial photography records, and records of on-site sampling and digging up the roots of Spartina alterniflora 30 days after the application of pesticides to check for mortality will be compiled and archived.

[0015] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the actual operation process of the 25% imidazole hydrochloride Spartina alterniflora control and ecological environment assessment technology based on this application. Figure 2 The flowchart for the control and ecological environment assessment technology of Spartina alterniflora using 25% imidazole hydrochloride according to this application is as follows: Figure 3 This is an ecological environment assessment flowchart for the 25% imidazole hydrochloride control and ecological environment assessment technology for Spartina alterniflora based on this application. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. Rather, embodiments of this application include all variations, modifications, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

[0018] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-3 The present application describes a 25% imidazole hydrochloride Spartina alterniflora control and ecological environment assessment technology, which includes a sequentially executed Spartina alterniflora control process and an ecological environment assessment process. The Spartina alterniflora control process provides benchmark data for the ecological environment assessment process, and the ecological environment assessment process conducts an evaluation based on the implementation process and results of the Spartina alterniflora control process. The process for controlling Spartina alterniflora includes investigating the characteristics of the treatment area, preparing for pesticide application, preparing and spraying the pesticide, and subsequent management steps. Among these steps, 25% imidazole hydrochloride is sprayed during the preparation and spraying process. The ecological and environmental assessment process includes phased investigation, control rate calculation, and comprehensive evaluation steps. The phased investigation uses the characteristic data of the investigation and treatment area of ​​Spartina alterniflora control process, and at the same time collects the monitoring data after the implementation of the Spartina alterniflora control process.

[0019] I. The Spartina alterniflora control process and the ecological environment assessment process are executed sequentially: the control process provides baseline data, and the assessment process is based on the implementation process and results of the control.

[0020] II. Control procedures for Spartina alterniflora.

[0021] The survey area features include: investigating hydrological, meteorological, geological, and Spartina alterniflora distribution; and using drones to measure mixed vegetation and tidal channels. Preparation for pesticide application: Determine the application conditions based on tides (exposure ≥2h) and weather (wind force ≤3, 19~28℃), and equip the application with drones, generators and protective facilities; Chemical spraying: Special personnel prepare the pesticide according to the specified formula, and drones spray in concentrated areas and manual spraying in scattered areas; Subsequent maintenance: weekly aerial monitoring, follow-up inspection of diffusion in May of the following year, and data recording and reporting to the general contractor.

[0022] III. Ecological and Environmental Assessment Process.

[0023] Phased investigation: Using the baseline data for prevention and control, data on plant, habitat, and pesticide residues are collected after application according to frequency; Control rate calculation: Calculate the number of plants and the control rate by fresh weight according to the formula; Comprehensive evaluation: assess the effectiveness of prevention and control measures and their ecological impact; archived data is managed by designated personnel.

[0024] In general, the entire process of controlling Spartina alterniflora should be implemented first, from initial investigation to preparation, eradication, and management, before the ecological environment assessment process can be initiated. The control measures must first change the growth status of Spartina alterniflora and form a monitorable implementation process and results before the assessment process can obtain comparative data. The process for controlling Spartina alterniflora involves investigating the characteristics of the treatment area and generating benchmark data (such as the distribution of Spartina alterniflora under the substrate, regional hydrological / meteorological / tidal channel information, etc.) to provide an evaluation benchmark for the "ecological environment assessment process". The ecological environment assessment process focuses on the implementation process of Spartina alterniflora control (such as application timing, spraying method, and pesticide formulation) and the results of implementation (such as Spartina alterniflora mortality and subsequent management records) to ensure that the assessment conclusions closely reflect the actual control practices.

[0025] In one embodiment of this application, the characteristics of the surveyed governance area include: The area of ​​Spartina alterniflora was identified, and the hydrological conditions, meteorological conditions, and geological conditions of the treatment area were investigated to determine the distribution location, area, and patch characteristics of Spartina alterniflora. The distribution of mixed vegetation and tidal channels was confirmed. The construction area and surrounding areas were surveyed to determine the mixed vegetation of Spartina alterniflora and native plants, as well as the distribution of tidal channels. The application plan is based on the distribution location, area, patch characteristics, mixed growth of Spartina alterniflora with native plants, and distribution in tidal creeks.

[0026] I. Confirmation of Spartina alterniflora area.

[0027] Regional natural conditions survey.

[0028] Hydrology: Record daily tidal patterns on-site (e.g., high tide at 7:00 AM and low tide at 1:00 PM), measure the duration of tidal exposure (approximately 2.5 hours), and test water salinity; Meteorology: Statistical analysis of meteorological data in the project area from June to September determined that the average temperature was 19-28℃, the wind force was mostly level 2-3, and the number of days with no significant precipitation within 4 hours after pesticide application accounted for approximately 70%. Geology: The soil samples were analyzed and found to be silty mud from tidal flats. Soil salinity and moisture content were monitored simultaneously.

[0029] The current status of Spartina alterniflora has been confirmed.

[0030] Using the 1m×1m sampling method, it was determined that Spartina alterniflora was concentrated in the mid-tidal zone of the tidal flat, covering a total area of ​​about 40 mu, forming 4 contiguous patches. The boundaries of the patches and their respective functional zones were recorded. Record the plant height, cover, and density of Spartina alterniflora, and determine its growth vigor.

[0031] II. Confirmation of the distribution of mixed vegetation and tidal channels.

[0032] Mapping of mixed-species situations.

[0033] Drones were used to conduct aerial surveys of the 40-acre treatment area and the surrounding 1km range, generating a high-resolution vegetation distribution map and identifying patches where native plants were mixed at the edges.

[0034] Mapping of tidal channels.

[0035] Combining drone aerial photography with on-site surveys, the main tidal channels and tributary tidal channels within the treatment area were investigated.

[0036] III. Application Plan.

[0037] Region and priority division.

[0038] Based on the distribution and mixed growth of Spartina alterniflora, the area is divided into a core management zone (where Spartina alterniflora grows in large patches without native plants), a mixed protection zone (where Spartina alterniflora grows mixed with reeds), and a scattered management zone (where Spartina alterniflora grows in small patches). Priority is given to managing the core management zone.

[0039] Application method and selection of operating platform.

[0040] In the core treatment area, drone spraying is used (20L of spray per acre, flight height 2.5~3m, flight speed not exceeding 2.5m / s); in the mixed protection area and scattered treatment area, manual spraying is used. Landside core governance area: Mechanically erect temporary operation platforms (for drone take-off and landing); Seaside area: Utilize the main tidal channel to moor a mobile work platform on the water (carrying drone crews and a day's supplies).

[0041] Application timing planning.

[0042] Apply the pesticide 4 hours before and 4 hours after the lowest tide each day, ensuring that the exposure time to the tide is ≥2 hours after application. The core treatment area is planned to be sprayed in 2 days, while the mixed protection area and the scattered treatment area are planned to be completed in 1 day each.

[0043] In one embodiment of this application, preparation for pesticide application, based on the results of surveying the characteristics of the treatment area, includes: Based on regional hydrology and tidal patterns, the application period is determined to be 4 hours before or after the lowest tide each day. Based on meteorological conditions, the application weather is limited to sunny, wind force less than or equal to level 3, ambient temperature between 19 and 28°C, and no significant precipitation within 4 hours after application. Based on the regional topography and the distribution of Spartina alterniflora, work teams were formed and equipped with drones for spraying. Each work platform constituted one team, and each team was equipped with two drones, one 30kW generator, four ton containers, two drone pilots, two crew members, and one manager. A total of five teams worked simultaneously, each equipped with four 1000-liter plastic containers for on-site pesticide preparation. If it rains within 2 hours after application, apply the same concentration of 25% imidazole hydrochloride in a windless, sunny day.

[0044] Define the conditions for application: Based on regional hydrology and tidal patterns, the application period is set to 4 hours before or after the lowest tide each day; according to meteorological requirements, the application weather is limited to sunny weather, wind force ≤ level 3, ambient temperature 19 to 28℃, and no significant precipitation within 4 hours after application. Team and equipment configuration: Based on the regional terrain and Spartina alterniflora distribution, 5 teams are set up for simultaneous construction. Each team includes 2 drone pilots, 2 crew members, and 1 manager. They are equipped with 2 drones, 1 30kW generator, and 4 ton containers (or 1000-liter plastic containers) to complete the preparation of pesticides on site. Establish supplementary application rules: If it rains within 2 hours after application, apply the same concentration of 25% imidazole hydrochloride on a windless, sunny day with half the dosage.

[0045] In one embodiment of this application, the preparation and application of the pesticide are carried out based on the results of surveying the characteristics of the treatment area, and the spraying method is selected according to the density of Spartina alterniflora distribution. The spraying method includes: For densely distributed, contiguous areas of Spartina alterniflora, drone spraying is recommended. However, drone operations are significantly affected by wind speed and direction. Generally, under wind speeds of 1.5–2 m / s, the spray width of the drone should be offset by at least 0.5–1 spray width (3–6 m). Adjustments should be made according to wind direction during operation to avoid missed or overlapping spraying. The recommended spray volume is 20 liters per acre, with a flight altitude of 2.5–3 meters, a flight speed not exceeding 2.5 meters per second, a spray width of 4.5–5 meters, a designed flight path spacing of 3 meters, and a droplet size of 200–300 micrometers. Manual spraying is used in sparsely distributed areas and small areas of mixed vegetation. The survey results of the treatment areas include conventional treatment areas with few native plant mixed species, areas with dense native plant mixed species, and areas with near-sensitivity to native plants. Based on the survey results of the treatment areas, the pesticide formulation was selected. The pharmaceutical preparation uses any of the following formulas: Formula 1: 1L of 25% imidazole hydrochloric acid preparation per acre, diluted with 20L of water, with 80mL of excipients AGE809 and AGE852 added. When preparing, first add 1 / 3 water to the mixing tank, then add the preparation and mix well. Finally, add water to the mark and stir well. Formula 1 is used for conventional treatment areas with less native plant coexistence. Formula 2: Mix 25% imidazole hydrochloric acid with 1000 times diluted soybean lecithin at a mass ratio of 1:(1 to 2). Use 0.8L of the mixture per acre, diluted with 15 to 18L of water. Formula 2 is suitable for densely intergrown native plants or areas where native plants are nearly sensitive.

[0046] Carefully read the label instructions and prepare the medicine according to the instructions on the label. Accurately measure the amount of medicine according to the capacity of the medicine preparation container using weighing instruments such as a balance or graduated cylinder. First, add 1 / 3 water to the medicine preparation container, then add the measured amount of pesticide and mix well. Then add water to the mark, stir well, and apply according to the correct method (this step should be done by a designated person).

[0047] Specifically, the requirements for drone operations.

[0048] Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operations adopt standardized and automated operating procedures to reduce human intervention and ensure the quality of pesticide application.

[0049] The drone sprays 20L per acre. When choosing the spraying time, first analyze the growth of Spartina alterniflora to determine its growth and development characteristics, and then combine it with local meteorological conditions to select the most suitable spraying time.

[0050] (1) Flight speed. Flying too fast increases drift, while flying too slow affects work efficiency. The flight speed is generally between 1 and 6 m / s, and should not exceed 7 m / s. The ideal range is 4 to 6 m / s.

[0051] (2) Flight altitude. The appropriate flight altitude should be determined based on the aircraft model, with a distance of 1 to 1.5 meters above the crop canopy.

[0052] (3) Effective spray width. The effective spray width shall be based on the test report issued by the national testing center. In actual operation, a reasonable spray width shall be determined according to the aircraft type, flight altitude and target organism. Generally, the reasonable spray width is 3 to 4 meters.

[0053] (4) Nozzle selection. Appropriate nozzles should be selected according to the target pest and the operational requirements. Generally, centrifugal nozzles should be preferred for operations requiring high uniformity of droplet distribution; pressure nozzles should be preferred for operations requiring high penetration. The droplet size is generally 200-300μm.

[0054] (5) Spray width offset adjustment. The operation of agricultural drones is greatly affected by wind force and wind direction. Under normal circumstances, when the wind speed is 1.5 to 2 m / s, the spray width of agricultural drones should be offset by at least 0.5 to 1 spray width (3 to 6 m). Adjustments should be made according to the wind direction during operation to avoid missed spraying or double spraying.

[0055] Drug preparation.

[0056] (1) When using medicines, the dosage, concentration, number of times of use and safety interval must be strictly followed as indicated on the label.

[0057] The formulation is prepared as follows: 1 liter of 25% imidazole hydrochloride per acre, diluted in 20 liters of water, with 80 mL of two excipients (AGE809 and AGE852) added. According to the project's environmental impact analysis report, this concentration has no biological toxicity effects.

[0058] (2) Preparation of the agent 2: Prepare an agent consisting of 25% imidazole hydrochloric acid and 1000 times diluted soybean lecithin at a mass ratio of 1:(1-2). Apply 0.8L of the agent per mu to the mudflats infested with Spartina alterniflora, and dilute with 15-18kg of water. According to the environmental impact analysis report of the project, this concentration has no biological toxicity.

[0059] (3) Drug preparation process: Carefully read the label instructions and prepare the drug according to the instructions on the label. According to the capacity of the drug preparation tank, use weighing instruments such as balances and graduated cylinders to accurately measure the amount. First, add 1 / 3 water to the drug preparation tank, then add the measured pesticide and mix well. Then add water to the mark, stir evenly, and apply according to the correct method (this item is prepared by a designated person).

[0060] It should be noted in this embodiment that spraying may be carried out manually or by drone, depending on the size of the affected patch. The specific operation method depends on the size of the affected patch, and the specific amount of pesticide solution applied should be determined reasonably according to the growth stage of Spartina alterniflora. Construction personnel should take appropriate safety precautions during the application of the pesticide.

[0061] In one embodiment of this application, the operation platform for drone spraying is selected based on the area type determined by the characteristics of the surveyed and treated area. The operation platform for drone spraying includes both land-based and marine construction operations. Construction work in land areas, including temporary work platforms; Construction work in offshore areas, including mobile work platforms on water; For offshore construction work, operations are arranged according to the tidal patterns determined by the survey. During high tide, the team departs from the base to the work platform, and during low tide, the team applies pesticides to the exposed areas. The team completes the work and returns for resupply before the next high tide. Construction work in the land area will be carried out during the regular daytime tidal period.

[0062] Specifically, for construction in land areas: select "mechanically erected temporary work platform" as the basis for drone take-off and landing; Construction in offshore areas: Select "mobile waterborne operation platform" to meet the equipment docking and material carrying needs of offshore operations in tidal flats.

[0063] Task arrangement: Adapt to the tidal characteristics of the region.

[0064] Offshore construction: Based on the tidal patterns determined by the survey, the work will proceed from the base to the work platform during high tide, and the application of pesticides will be carried out when the mudflats are exposed after low tide. The work for the day will be completed before the next high tide and the crew will return to the base for resupply. Construction in land areas: Operations shall be carried out during the regular daytime tidal period (matching the weather requirements for pesticide application).

[0065] In one embodiment of this application, subsequent management is based on the treatment scope determined by investigating the characteristics of the treatment area, and includes the following procedures based on this scope: After applying the pesticide, aerial photography was conducted weekly to check the condition of the Spartina alterniflora plants in the area. Observe the Spartina alterniflora plants for yellowing 15 to 20 days after application. Check for death of all plants 30 to 40 days after application. Aerial photography was conducted once a month thereafter. In May of the following year, a follow-up inspection was conducted on the mortality of Spartina alterniflora in the area and its spread from outside to the area. Any scattered plants were promptly removed. The system synchronously records the daily flight routes, pesticide application rates, and pesticide usage of the drones, and summarizes the flight routes, pesticide application rates, and pesticide usage.

[0066] Specifically, regular aerial monitoring is conducted after pesticide application: weekly aerial photography is carried out on the treated area to check the status of Spartina alterniflora plants, with a focus on observing whether the plants turn yellow 15 to 20 days after application, and checking whether all plants die 30 to 40 days later; after confirming plant death, aerial photography of the area is conducted once a month thereafter to continuously track the situation.

[0067] Follow-up inspection and spread control the following year: In the following month, the mortality and survival of Spartina alterniflora within the treatment area were reviewed, and the spread of Spartina alterniflora from outside the treatment area to the treatment area was investigated. If any sporadic surviving plants were found within the treatment area, they should be removed in a timely manner.

[0068] Data recording and summarization ensure the traceability of the management process.

[0069] In one embodiment of this application, the phased investigation and Spartina alterniflora control process are carried out in conjunction, including: Before applying the pesticide, an ecological baseline survey was conducted simultaneously with the characteristics of the area to be treated. The baseline survey included the coverage of Spartina alterniflora, the composition of native plant species, the number of animal species, and the quality of seawater and the physical and chemical properties of soil. After application, plant communities were surveyed at 15, 30 and 60 days, and habitat conditions were surveyed at 1, 6, 30 and 60 days. Additionally, the residual amount of imidazole hydrochloride in seawater, soil and non-targeted plants was monitored 3 days after application. The survey area covered the area where the pesticide was applied and the surrounding aquaculture area.

[0070] Before application of pesticides: Conduct a simultaneous ecological baseline survey to retain baseline data for subsequent evaluation.

[0071] 15 / 30 / 60-day survey of plant communities: 15 days to observe initial yellowing, 30 days to verify the effect of core death, and 60 days to confirm no regrowth, ensuring that the control measures meet the standards.

[0072] Habitat conditions were investigated on days 1, 6, 30, and 60: the short-term effects of the pesticide were captured on days 1 and 6, and habitat recovery was observed on days 30 and 60 to assess ecological safety.

[0073] 3-day monitoring of drug residues: 3 days is the period during which the residue concentration is stable and measurable, allowing for accurate determination of the residue peak and assessment of the risk to non-target organisms.

[0074] The application area is the direct area of ​​action for controlling Spartina alterniflora. Covering this area allows for direct acquisition of data on the control effect of the pesticide on Spartina alterniflora (such as plant growth status and mortality), providing a basis for judging whether the control has achieved the target. The surrounding aquaculture areas are sensitive ecological zones, and pesticides may spread to these areas through tides and water flow. Covering this area allows for the monitoring of pesticide residues and their potential impact on the aquaculture environment and aquatic organisms, ensuring that prevention and control measures do not cause additional ecological problems.

[0075] In one embodiment of this application, the control rate is calculated based on two types of data obtained through phased surveys. These two types of data include baseline data from a pre-application ecological baseline survey and post-application monitoring data of the treated area, which includes: The formula for calculating the control rate by number of plants is: ,in, The average number of Spartina alterniflora plants in the control area outside the quadrat is given. The average number of Spartina alterniflora plants in the treated area; The formula for calculating the fresh weight control rate is: ,in, The average biomass of Spartina alterniflora in the control area outside the quadrat is given. The average biomass of Spartina alterniflora in the treatment area.

[0076] Plant number control rate: Calculated by formula, in which "average number of Spartina alterniflora plants in the control area outside the quadrat" and "average number of Spartina alterniflora plants in the treatment area" are both derived from the aforementioned two types of survey data, and are used to reflect the control effect from the dimension of plant number; Fresh weight control rate: Calculated by formula, in which "average biomass of Spartina alterniflora in the control area outside the quadrat" and "average biomass of Spartina alterniflora in the treatment area" are also taken from two types of survey data, and are used to supplement the evaluation of control effect from the biomass dimension.

[0077] In one embodiment of this application, a comprehensive evaluation is conducted based on control rate calculations and phased survey data, including: evaluating the control effect of 25% imidazole hydrochloride and its impact on the regional ecology; After the evaluation is completed, the survey and monitoring data, aerial photography records, and records of on-site sampling and digging up the roots of Spartina alterniflora 30 days after the application of pesticides to check for mortality will be compiled and archived.

[0078] Specifically, the evaluation of the control effect of 25% imidazole hydrochloride is as follows: the control efficiency of the agent against Spartina alterniflora is judged by combining the control rate of plant number and the control rate of fresh weight (such as whether the expected control target is achieved), which directly reflects the effectiveness of the control measures. Regional ecological impact assessment: Based on the phased survey of plant community changes, habitat condition data (seawater quality, soil physicochemical properties) and pesticide residue monitoring results, assess whether the pesticides have adverse effects on native plants, non-target organisms and the surrounding ecological environment (such as aquaculture areas) in the treatment area, and verify the ecological safety of the control measures.

[0079] The evaluation data will be archived.

[0080] After the evaluation is completed, three types of key materials need to be systematically organized and archived: Survey and monitoring data (including baseline surveys before pesticide application and monitoring records of plant communities / habitats / residues after pesticide application); Aerial photography recording of the entire process (such as area mapping before pesticide application and periodic aerial photography after pesticide application); Record on-site sampling 30 days after application of pesticide (specifically, on-site records of manually digging up Spartina alterniflora roots and checking for root mortality) to ensure that all evaluation data is traceable and verifiable.

[0081] Furthermore, the phased survey method meets the following criteria: Plant surveys were conducted using the quadrat method; surveys of benthic animals, fish, and plankton were conducted in accordance with the "Marine Survey Specifications Part 6: Marine Biological Survey" (GB / T12763.6-2007); and bird surveys were conducted in accordance with the "Technical Guidelines for Biodiversity Observation: Birds" (HJ710.4-2014). The seawater quality survey was conducted in accordance with the "Technical Specifications for Quality Assessment of Seawater, Marine Sediments and Marine Organisms" (HJ1300-2023), and the water salinity survey was conducted in accordance with the "Marine Monitoring Specifications Part 4: Seawater Analysis" (GB17378.4-2007). Monitoring of total water-soluble salts in sediments shall be conducted in accordance with "Soil Testing Part 16: Determination of Total Water-Soluble Salts in Soil" (NY / T1121.16). Monitoring of sediment particle size, organic carbon, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen shall be conducted in accordance with "Marine Monitoring Specifications Part 5: Sediment Analysis (GB17378.5) and Marine Survey Specifications Part 8: Marine Geology and Geophysics (GB / T12763.8); The determination of imidazole hydrochloric acid residue was carried out in accordance with the "General Rules for the Determination of Pesticide Residues" (GB / T27860-2011), using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The sample was stored at -20℃ before testing.

[0082] The following are explanations of the terms.

[0083] Spartina alterniflora.

[0084] Spartina alterniflora belongs to the genus Spartina in the family Poaceae and is a tall, perennial herbaceous plant. Its underground parts typically consist of short, fine fibrous roots and long, thick rhizomes. The root system is well-developed, densely distributed in the soil layer up to 30 cm deep, sometimes reaching depths of 100 cm.

[0085] Spartina alterniflora has a strong tolerance to salt and flooding and is suitable for growing on broad beaches from the lower high tide zone to the upper mid tide zone.

[0086] Imidazole hydrochloride.

[0087] This is an imidazolinone herbicide, a novel broad-spectrum herbicide. Post-emergence application provides excellent control of sedges, annual and perennial monocotyledonous weeds, and broadleaf weeds.

[0088] Chemical control.

[0089] This method involves spraying live plants with a solution of chemical herbicides to kill Spartina alterniflora.

[0090] Drug residue.

[0091] After the implementation of chemical control projects, residual pesticide chemicals remain.

[0092] Benthic animals.

[0093] Visible aquatic invertebrates that inhabit the bottom of the water or attach to aquatic plants and rocks. Non-targeting plants.

[0094] Imidazole hydrochloride was used to kill the target plants in a non-project implementation.

[0095] Prevention rate.

[0096] Control efficiency was characterized by the number of dead plants of Spartina alterniflora per unit area, and control efficiency by the aboveground biomass per unit area.

[0097] In general, in the actual operation process...

[0098] I. Spartina alterniflora control process (implement first, full-cycle eradication and management).

[0099] Step 1: Investigate the characteristics of the treatment area (laying the foundation for prevention and control) Confirmation of Spartina alterniflora area: Investigate the area’s hydrology (tidal patterns, exposure time ≥2h, water salinity), meteorology (temperature 19-28℃ from June to September, wind force ≤3, no precipitation 4h after application), geology (silty mudflats, soil salinity / moisture content); use 1m×1m sampling method to confirm the distribution of Spartina alterniflora (mid-tidal zone, area / patches) and growth status (plant height / coverage / density / growth vigor).

[0100] Confirmation of mixed vegetation and tidal channels: Aerial photography of the treatment area and surrounding 1km range by drone to identify the mixed vegetation of Spartina alterniflora and native plants; investigation of tidal channels (width / depth / navigation capacity of main / branch tidal channels).

[0101] Application planning: Divide the area into core treatment zone (contiguous areas without mixed vegetation), mixed protection zone (mixed with reeds), and scattered treatment zone (small patches), prioritizing the core area; determine the drone / manual spraying method and the layout of temporary land-side operation platforms and mobile sea-side operation platforms; plan the application sequence (4 hours before and 4 hours after the lowest tide each day, 2 days for the core area and 1 day each for the protection zone / scattered areas).

[0102] Step 2: Preparation for application (matching area characteristics to ensure operation).

[0103] Application conditions: The application time is determined by hydrological conditions (4 hours before and after the lowest tide, and ≥2 hours of exposure), and the application weather is determined by meteorological conditions (sunny, wind force ≤3, 19-28℃, and no precipitation 4 hours after application).

[0104] Team and equipment: Five simultaneous construction teams are set up, each team consisting of 2 drone pilots, 2 crew members, and 1 manager, equipped with 2 drones, 1 30kW generator, and 4 ton containers (or 1000L plastic containers for on-site preparation of medicines).

[0105] Regular application rules: If it rains within 2 hours after application, or if it is a windless and sunny day, apply half the dosage of 25% imidazole hydrochloride.

[0106] Step 3: Preparation and application of pesticides (precision extermination).

[0107] Select spraying method: Use drones to spray concentrated and contiguous areas (20L per acre, height 2.5-3m, speed ≤2.5m / s, spray width 4.5-5m, channel spacing 3m, droplet size 200-300μm, adjust spray width offset by 3-6m when wind speed is 1.5-2m / s to prevent missed spraying / overspraying); use manual spraying for scattered areas and nature reserves.

[0108] Select the appropriate pesticide formulation: For conventional treatment areas (with few native plants mixed in), use formulation one (1L / mu of 25% imidazole hydrochloride + 20L of water + 80mL of adjuvant AGE809 / AGE852); for densely mixed or nearly sensitive areas, use formulation two (25% imidazole hydrochloride: 1000 times soybean lecithin = 1:(1-2), 0.8L / mu + 15-18kg of water).

[0109] Standardized drug preparation: Operate by designated personnel. First, read the label instructions, measure the drug using a balance / measuring cylinder, add 1 / 3 water to the drug preparation container, add the drug and mix well, then add water to the mark and stir evenly.

[0110] Step 4: Follow-up care (monitoring to prevent recurrence).

[0111] Regular monitoring: After application of pesticides, take aerial photos of the treated area every week, observe the plants for yellowing after 15-20 days, check for death of all plants after 30-40 days, and then take aerial photos once a month thereafter.

[0112] Follow-up inspection the following year: In May of the following year, a follow-up inspection was conducted on the remaining dead plants in the treated area and their external spread. Any scattered plants found were promptly removed.

[0113] Data recording: Synchronously record the daily flight route of the drone and the amount of pesticide applied / used, and regularly summarize and report to the general contractor.

[0114] II. Ecological and Environmental Assessment Process (conducted later, based on the prevention and control process and results) Step 5: Phased survey (obtaining evaluation data).

[0115] Pre-application baseline survey: Simultaneously with the "Investigation of the characteristics of the treatment area", measure the coverage of Spartina alterniflora, the number of native plant / animal species, seawater quality, and soil physicochemical properties (baseline data).

[0116] Post-application monitoring: plant community (survey at 15 / 30 / 60 days), habitat conditions (survey at 1 / 6 / 30 / 60 days), pesticide residues (testing imidazole hydrochloride in seawater / soil / non-targeted plants 3 days after application).

[0117] Scope of investigation: Covering the application area and surrounding aquaculture areas (to prevent ecological risks).

[0118] Step 6: Calculate the control rate (quantify the control effect).

[0119] Data basis: baseline data before application (control area) and data of the treated area after application.

[0120] Calculation dimensions: Plant number control rate ((average number of plants in the control area - average number of plants in the treatment area) / average number of plants in the control area × 100%, reflecting the change in quantity); Fresh weight control rate ((average biomass in the control area - average biomass in the treatment area) / average biomass in the control area × 100%, reflecting the change in biomass).

[0121] Step 7: Comprehensive evaluation (assessing effectiveness and safety) Evaluation of control effect: Based on the control rate of number of plants / fresh weight, determine whether the killing efficiency of 25% imidazole hydrochloride meets the standard.

[0122] Ecological impact assessment: Based on plant community changes, habitat data, and pesticide residues, assess the adverse impacts on native plants, non-targeted organisms, and surrounding aquaculture areas.

[0123] Step 8: Archive the data (ensure traceability).

[0124] Three types of materials are organized and archived: survey and monitoring data (baseline survey + post-application monitoring records), aerial photography records (pre-application mapping + post-application monitoring images), and on-site records 30 days after application (root excavation to check for mortality). The archives are managed by designated personnel.

[0125] In summary, the 25% imidazole hydrochloride control and ecological environment assessment technology for Spartina alterniflora proposed in this application, with 25% imidazole hydrochloride adapted to different regional formulations, combined with precise spraying and full-cycle management, can effectively kill Spartina alterniflora and prevent recurrence; monitoring the concentration residue and habitat, covering surrounding aquaculture areas, ensures no biotoxicity or additional ecological risks.

[0126] In the description of this specification, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0127] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0128] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for controlling and assessing the ecological environment of Spartina alterniflora using 25% imidazole hydrochloride, characterized in that, It includes a sequential execution of a Spartina alterniflora control process and an ecological environment assessment process. The Spartina alterniflora control process provides benchmark data for the ecological environment assessment process, and the ecological environment assessment process conducts an evaluation based on the implementation process and results of the Spartina alterniflora control process. The process for controlling Spartina alterniflora includes investigating the characteristics of the treatment area, preparing for pesticide application, preparing and spraying the pesticide, and subsequent management steps. Among these steps, 25% imidazole hydrochloride is sprayed during the preparation and spraying of the pesticide. The ecological environment assessment process includes phased investigation, control rate calculation, and comprehensive evaluation steps. The phased investigation uses the characteristic data of the investigation and treatment area of ​​Spartina alterniflora control process, and at the same time collects the monitoring data after the implementation of the Spartina alterniflora control process.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The characteristics of the surveyed and managed areas include: The area of ​​Spartina alterniflora was identified, and the hydrological conditions, meteorological conditions, and geological conditions of the treatment area were investigated to determine the distribution location, area, and patch characteristics of Spartina alterniflora. The mixed growth and tidal gully distribution of Spartina alterniflora and native plants were confirmed. The construction area and surrounding areas were surveyed to obtain the mixed growth of Spartina alterniflora and native plants and the distribution of tidal gullies. The application plan is based on the distribution location, area, patch characteristics, mixed growth of Spartina alterniflora with native plants, and distribution in tidal creeks.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation for pesticide application, based on the results of the investigation into the characteristics of the treatment area, includes: The timing of pesticide application should be determined based on regional hydrological and tidal patterns. Based on the regional topography and the distribution of Spartina alterniflora, work teams were formed and equipped with drones for spraying. If it rains within 2 hours after application, apply the same concentration of 25% imidazole hydrochloride in a windless, sunny day.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation and application of the pesticide are carried out based on the characteristics of the surveyed and treated area. The spraying method is selected according to the density of Spartina alterniflora distribution, and the spraying methods include: Drone spraying was used in densely distributed, contiguous areas of Spartina alterniflora. Manual spraying is used in sparsely distributed areas and small areas of mixed vegetation. The survey and treatment area characteristics results include conventional treatment areas with less native plant mixed growth, areas with dense native plant mixed growth, and areas with near-sensitivity to native plants. Based on the survey and treatment area characteristics results, the pesticide formulation is selected. The pharmaceutical preparation uses any of the following formulas: Formula 1: 1L of 25% imidazole hydrochloric acid preparation per acre, diluted with 20L of water, with 80mL of excipients AGE809 and AGE852 added. When preparing, first add 1 / 3 water to the mixing tank, then add the preparation and mix well, and finally add water to the mark and stir evenly. Formula 1 is used for conventional treatment areas with less native plant coexistence. Formula 2: Mix 25% imidazole hydrochloric acid with 1000 times diluted soybean lecithin at a mass ratio of 1:(1 to 2). Use 0.8L of the mixture per acre and dilute it with 15 to 18L of water. Formula 2 is used in areas with dense mixed native plants or areas where native plants are nearly sensitive.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The drone spraying operation platform is selected based on the area type determined by the characteristics of the surveyed and treated area. The drone spraying operation platform includes both land-based and marine operation platforms. Construction work in land areas, including temporary work platforms; Construction work in offshore areas, including mobile work platforms on water; For offshore construction work, operations are arranged according to the tidal patterns determined by the survey. During high tide, the team departs from the base to the work platform, and during low tide, the team applies pesticides to the exposed areas. The team completes the work and returns for resupply before the next high tide. Construction work in the land area will be carried out during the regular daytime tidal period.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The subsequent management and maintenance are based on the treatment scope determined by the characteristics of the surveyed and treated area, and include the following procedures based on this benchmark: After applying the pesticide, aerial photography should be conducted weekly to check the condition of the Spartina alterniflora plants in the affected area. In May of the following year, a follow-up inspection was conducted on the mortality of Spartina alterniflora in the area and its spread from outside to the area, and scattered plants were found to have been cleared away. The system synchronously records the daily flight routes, pesticide application rates, and pesticide usage of the drones, and summarizes the flight routes, pesticide application rates, and pesticide usage.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phased investigation and Spartina alterniflora control process are carried out in conjunction with the following: Before applying the pesticide, an ecological baseline survey was conducted simultaneously with the characteristics of the area to be treated. The baseline survey included the coverage of Spartina alterniflora, the composition of native plant species, the number of animal species, and the quality of seawater and the physical and chemical properties of soil. After application, plant communities were surveyed at 15, 30 and 60 days, and habitat conditions were surveyed at 1, 6, 30 and 60 days. Additionally, the residual amount of imidazole hydrochloride in seawater, soil and non-targeted plants was monitored 3 days after application. The survey area covered the area where the pesticide was applied and the surrounding aquaculture area.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control rate calculation is based on two types of data obtained from phased surveys. These two types of data include baseline data from the pre-application ecological baseline survey and post-application monitoring data from the treated area. The data includes: The formula for calculating the control rate by number of plants is: ,in, The average number of Spartina alterniflora plants in the control area outside the quadrat is given. The average number of Spartina alterniflora plants in the treated area; The formula for calculating the fresh weight control rate is: ,in, The average biomass of Spartina alterniflora in the control area outside the quadrat is given. The average biomass of Spartina alterniflora in the treatment area.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The comprehensive evaluation is based on the control rate calculation and phased survey data, including: evaluating the control effect of 25% imidazole hydrochloride and its impact on the regional ecology; After the evaluation is completed, the survey and monitoring data, aerial photography records, and records of on-site sampling and digging up the roots of Spartina alterniflora 30 days after the application of pesticides to check for mortality will be compiled and archived.

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