High-speed extension project rock high slope excavation construction method

Abstract

The application discloses a high-speed expansion engineering rock high slope excavation construction method, which comprises the following steps: S101, a construction road is built along a mountain to be excavated; S201, a plurality of layer slope workbench surfaces are formed through transverse layering, longitudinal segmentation and ladder excavation; the slope workbench surface comprises a slope inclined surface and a protection platform; S301, a slope protection device is installed on the protection platform; S401, a protection grid is constructed on the slope inclined surface; and S501, the steps S201-S401 are repeated in a cycle until the whole rock high slope excavation construction is completed. In the rock high slope excavation construction process, the slope protection device is set to perform protection, based on the specific structure of the slope protection device, the slope protection device can effectively block various rockfall conditions without affecting the excavation construction operation, thereby forming reliable safety guarantee; the slope protection device is simple in structure and convenient to install, can effectively reduce the construction cost and improve the overall construction efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of road and bridge construction technology, and in particular to a method for excavating high rock slopes in highway expansion projects. Background Technology

[0002] As my country's expressway network gradually shifts from "densification" to "expansion," the number of projects upgrading existing four-lane expressways to six-lane or eight-lane expressways is increasing year by year. Expansion primarily involves widening on one or both sides, inevitably resulting in extensive excavation work on high rock slopes. These slopes often exhibit the characteristics of "high, steep, close, and tight": slope height ≥30m, locally exceeding 60m; natural slope angle 45°~65°, with designed excavation slope angle 50°~75°, far exceeding ordinary road cuts; the slope toe is only 15~40m horizontally from the existing expressway lanes, directly threatening operational safety with construction vibrations, flying rocks, and rolling stones; and tight schedules, limited space, and stringent environmental protection standards, requiring "construction while maintaining traffic flow." Traditional rock cutting excavation methods mainly adopt a sequential approach of "top-down full-section blasting → secondary haulage → temporary soil stockpiling → protective follow-up." This approach has several significant drawbacks: the blasting shockwave, flying rocks, rolling stones, and vibration speeds are difficult to control within the relevant construction technical specifications; highways require frequent closures, reducing traffic efficiency by more than 30% and causing significant negative social impacts; traditional corrugated steel fencing, bamboo rafts, and nylon netting offer low protection levels and are easily penetrated by flying rocks, requiring repeated replacements. Each replacement results in a 0.5-1 day work stoppage, leading to cumulative project delays.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, improved technologies such as "longitudinal segmentation and step method," "non-explosive hydraulic breaking," and "excavation and support simultaneously" have emerged in recent years. However, these remain at the level of single-process optimization and have not yet formed a systematic solution encompassing "efficient excavation—immediate protection—operational safety," particularly lacking integration of "lateral layering, longitudinal segmentation, and stepped excavation" with "foundation-reinforced temporary protection." Therefore, there is an urgent need for a safe and efficient excavation method suitable for high rock slopes in highway expansion projects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a method for excavating high rock slopes in highway expansion projects, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S101, a construction access road will be built along the mountainside to be excavated;

[0006] S201, horizontal layering, longitudinal segmentation, and stepped excavation to form several layers of slope working platforms, the slope working platforms including slope slopes and protective platforms;

[0007] S301, Slope protection devices are subsequently installed on the protection platform;

[0008] S401, Construction of protective mesh on the slope surface;

[0009] S501, cyclical operation, repeating steps S201 to S401 until all rock slope excavation is completed.

[0010] As a further explanation of the present invention, the slope protection device includes a fixed bracket, a protective net and a reinforcing rope. The fixed bracket is installed and fixed on the protection platform. The protective net connects two of the fixed brackets. One end of the reinforcing rope is connected and fixed to the fixed bracket, and the other end of the reinforcing rope is embedded in the slope working platform.

[0011] Furthermore, step S301 includes creating a rope groove on the protective platform, the rope groove spanning the protective platform, and the reinforcing rope being disposed within the rope groove.

[0012] Furthermore, the fixed support includes a fixed base and a protective net pole. The fixed base is fixedly installed on the protective platform, and the protective net pole is set on the fixed base for installing the protective net. The reinforcing rope is connected and fixed to the upper middle part of the protective net pole.

[0013] Furthermore, the protective netting pole is hinged to the fixed base, and an elastic buffer is provided between the protective netting pole and the fixed base.

[0014] Furthermore, the fixed base is also equipped with a rope locking mechanism, and the reinforcing rope is connected and fixed to the protective net pole after passing through the rope locking mechanism.

[0015] Furthermore, the rope locking mechanism includes an opening and closing rod and a connecting rod drive mechanism; one end of the connecting rod drive mechanism is connected to the protective net upright, and the other end is connected to the opening and closing rod. The rotation of the protective net upright drives the connecting rod drive mechanism to drive the opening and closing rod to move.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0017] This invention involves installing slope protection devices during the excavation of high rock slopes. Based on the specific structural design of the slope protection devices, various rockfalls can be effectively blocked without affecting the excavation operation, providing a reliable safety guarantee. The slope protection devices have a simple structure and are easy to install, which can effectively reduce construction costs and improve overall construction efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the construction method for excavation of high rock slopes in the high-speed expansion project of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the slope protection device of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the slope protection device of the present invention.

[0021] Attached diagram labels: 1. Slope slope; 2. Protective platform; 3. Protective net; 4. Reinforcing rope; 5. Fixed base; 6. Net upright; 7. Opening and closing rod; 8. Linkage drive mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Example:

[0023] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0025] This embodiment describes a method for excavating a high rock slope in a highway expansion project, comprising the following steps:

[0026] S101, a construction access road is being built along the mountainside to be excavated.

[0027] S201, horizontal layering, longitudinal segmentation, and stepped excavation to form several layers of slope working platforms. The slope working platforms include slope slope 1 and protective platform 2, forming a stepped working surface layer by layer and segment by segment from top to bottom.

[0028] S301, Slope protection devices are subsequently installed on the protective platform 2;

[0029] S401, Protective mesh construction is carried out on the slope sloping surface 1;

[0030] S501, cyclical operation, repeating steps S201 to S401 until all rock slope excavation is completed.

[0031] This invention involves installing slope protection devices during the excavation of high rock slopes. Based on the specific structural design of the slope protection devices, various rockfalls can be effectively blocked without affecting the excavation operation, providing a reliable safety guarantee. The slope protection devices have a simple structure and are easy to install, which can effectively reduce construction costs and improve overall construction efficiency.

[0032] Specifically, in this embodiment, the slope protection device includes fixed supports, a protective net 3, and reinforcing ropes 4. The fixed supports are installed and fixed to the protection platform 2. The protective net 3 connects two of the fixed supports. One end of the reinforcing rope 4 is connected and fixed to the fixed support, and the other end of the reinforcing rope 4 is embedded in the slope working platform. The fixed supports are rigid structures with a certain strength, such as those welded from angle steel, channel steel, or square steel pipes. Their bottoms are firmly connected to the concrete foundation of the protection platform 2 via expansion bolts or embedded parts to ensure the stability of the entire protection device. The protective net 3 is made of high-strength, corrosion-resistant metal mesh or synthetic fiber mesh, such as galvanized steel wire mesh, stainless steel mesh, or polyester fiber mesh. Its mesh size is determined according to the slope protection requirements to meet the expected rockfall protection standards. The reinforcing rope 4 is preferably made of high-strength steel strand or wire rope. One end is connected to the top or side wall of the fixed support by means of buckles, bolts, or welding, while the other end is embedded into the rock or soil layer of the slope working platform by means of drilling or injection of anchoring agent, forming additional tensile support for the protective net 3 and preventing the protective net 3 from deforming or displacing under impact or its own weight. In addition, the number of fixed supports can be adjusted according to the slope length and protection level. A group of fixed supports is set at certain intervals, and the protective net 3 between adjacent fixed supports is tightly spliced ​​by buckles, straps, etc., to ensure the continuity and integrity of the protective coverage. The reinforcing rope 4 can be arranged in a single, double, or multiple cross arrangement to adapt to different geological conditions and protection requirements of the slope, thereby comprehensively improving the impact resistance and service life of the slope protection device.

[0033] Specifically, in this embodiment, step S301 includes creating a rope groove in the protective platform 2, the rope groove spanning the protective platform 2, and the reinforcing rope 4 being installed within the rope groove. The location of the rope groove is determined based on the actual slope protection conditions and requirements of the protective platform 2, and can be spaced out as long as the protection requirements are met. The cross-sectional shape of the rope groove can be rectangular, trapezoidal, or U-shaped, etc. In practical applications, the reinforcing rope 4 is generally located within the rope groove, allowing the working machinery to move and operate normally on the protective platform 2, thus avoiding wear on the reinforcing rope 4. The reinforcing rope 4 is preferably a high-strength steel wire rope or a fiber-reinforced composite material rope, and its diameter is determined comprehensively based on the span of the protective platform 2, the expected impact force that the fixed support will withstand, and the safety factor. The reinforcement rope 4 can be arranged in the rope groove as a single rope or multiple ropes arranged side by side. When there are multiple ropes, they must be evenly spaced and the two ends of the ropes must be firmly connected to the fixed bracket of the protective platform 2 by fasteners to further improve the protective effect of the fixed bracket and ensure the safety of personnel and equipment.

[0034] Specifically, in this embodiment, the fixed support includes a fixed base 5 and a protective net pole 6. The fixed base 5 is fixedly installed on the protective platform 2, and the protective net pole 6 is set on the fixed base 5 for installing the protective net 3. The reinforcing rope 4 is connected and fixed to the upper middle part of the protective net pole 6. The fixed base 5, as the basic component of the entire fixed support, is preferably made of high-strength steel or aluminum alloy profile to ensure sufficient load-bearing capacity and structural stability. The fixed base 5 is firmly installed at a predetermined position on the protective platform 2 by welding, bolt connection, or pre-embedded parts. The connection method between the fixed base 5 and the protective platform 2 needs to be selected according to the specific material and structural form of the protective platform 2 to ensure the reliability and safety of the connection. The protective netting poles 6 are vertically or inclinedly installed on the top or side of the fixed base 5. Their number can be determined according to the size of the protective netting 3 and the protection requirements. For example, one protective netting pole 6 can be installed at regular intervals. The top of the protective netting pole 6 is usually equipped with clips, bolt holes, or binding straps for fixing the edge of the protective netting 3, so that the protective netting 3 can be firmly installed on the protective netting pole 6, forming a continuous protective barrier to prevent falling rocks. The reinforcing rope 4 enhances the overall rigidity and anti-overturning capacity of the protective netting pole 6. If necessary, the protective netting pole 6 can be pulled to form secondary protection, increasing the protective effect of the slope protection device. One end of the reinforcing rope 4 is connected and fixed to the upper middle part of the protective netting pole 6, and the other end is connected and fixed to other fixed structures of the protective platform 2, adjacent protective netting poles 6, or ground anchor points. The reinforcing rope 4 is usually made of high-strength steel wire rope or nylon rope to ensure sufficient tensile strength and stability, thereby effectively improving the safety performance and service life of the entire protective netting 3 system.

[0035] Specifically, in this embodiment, the protective netting pole 6 is hinged to the fixed base 5, and an elastic buffer is provided between the protective netting pole 6 and the fixed base 5. The hinged connection allows the protective netting pole 6 to rotate at a certain angle relative to the fixed base 5. Therefore, when subjected to external impact or vibration, the protective netting pole 6 can rotate around the hinge point, effectively absorbing and dispersing impact energy, preventing the impact force from being directly transmitted to the fixed base 5 or the main structure of the protective netting, thereby protecting the stability of the entire device and extending its service life. The elastic buffer is preferably a spring, rubber pad, or elastic block, etc., with one end connected to the protective netting pole 6 and the other end connected to the fixed base 5. When the protective netting pole 6 is displaced or vibrates due to external force, the elastic buffer will undergo compression or stretching deformation, achieving a buffering and shock absorption effect through the storage and release of its own elastic potential energy. When rocks fall, the flexible protection of the protective net 3 itself has a certain buffering effect. If the impact of the falling rocks is too great, the rotation of the net pole 6 and the secondary buffering of the elastic buffer can reduce the rigid collision between the net pole 6 and the fixed base 5, protect the connection between the net pole 6 and the fixed base 5 from damage, and improve the overall adaptability and durability of the device.

[0036] Specifically, in this embodiment, a rope-locking mechanism is also provided on the fixed base 5. The reinforcing rope 4 passes through the rope-locking mechanism and is connected and fixed to the protective net pole 6. The rope-locking mechanism is used to limit and lock the reinforcing rope 4, keeping it hidden under normal conditions to avoid obstructing or affecting mechanical excavation. When necessary, the reinforcing rope 4 automatically unfolds to provide tension and reinforcement to the fixed support, improving the protective capability of the slope protection device. The reinforcing rope 4 is made of high-strength steel wire rope or nylon rope, or other materials with a certain tensile strength, and is confined within the rope groove by the rope-locking mechanism, remaining in an untensioned state. When the impact of falling rocks during construction is too great, the locking rope mechanism will loosen the restriction on the reinforcing rope 4, allowing the reinforcing rope 4 to unfold and tighten, forming a pull on the protective net pole 6. This transfers the lateral force or impact force borne by the protective net pole 6 to the fixed base 5 and the reinforcing rope 4, thereby dispersing it to the ground or foundation structure, improving the protective net's resistance to deformation and its safety during use.

[0037] The rope-locking mechanism is preferably an automatically opening and closing structure. For example, in this embodiment, the rope-locking mechanism includes an opening / closing rod 7 and a connecting rod drive mechanism 8. One end of the connecting rod drive mechanism 8 is connected to the protective netting upright 6, and the other end is connected to the opening / closing rod 7. The rotation of the protective netting upright 6 drives the connecting rod drive mechanism 8 to drive the opening / closing rod 7 to move. (See attached diagram) Figure 3As shown, the linkage drive mechanism 8 in this embodiment is a four-bar linkage consisting of four hinged links. When the protective netting pole 6 swings, the interaction of the links in the linkage drive mechanism 8 is converted into the swinging opening and closing motion of the opening and closing rod 7, thereby realizing the locking or releasing function of the reinforcing rope 4. In the locked state, one end of the opening and closing rod 7 is stuck above the reinforcing rope 4 to achieve a blocking effect, and the other end is hinged to the output end of the linkage drive mechanism 8. When the linkage drive mechanism 8 changes position under the drive of the protective netting pole 6, the opening and closing rod 7 can swing horizontally around its hinge axis, releasing the movement restriction on the reinforcing rope 4 and completing the release of the reinforcing rope 4. In addition, the rotation of the protective netting pole 6 can be achieved by manual operation or mechanical transmission device, for example, by a rotating shaft set on the protective netting frame, so that the protective netting pole 6 can rotate within a certain angle range, thereby driving the linkage drive mechanism 8 to work, ensuring that the locking rope mechanism can respond quickly and reliably when needed, and ensuring the safety and stability of the protective netting system.

[0038] The above description only illustrates preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims. The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and variations in its specific structure are permitted. In short, all variations made within the scope of the independent claims of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for excavating high rock slopes in a highway expansion project, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S101, a construction access road will be built along the mountainside to be excavated; S201, horizontal layering, longitudinal segmentation, and stepped excavation to form several layers of slope working platforms, the slope working platforms including slope slopes and protective platforms; S301, Slope protection devices are then installed on the protection platform; S401, Construction of protective mesh on the slope surface; S501, cyclical operation, repeating steps S201 to S401 until all rock high slope excavation construction is completed; The slope protection device includes a fixed bracket, a protective net, and a reinforcing rope. The fixed bracket is installed and fixed on the protection platform. The protective net connects two fixed brackets. One end of the reinforcing rope is connected and fixed to the fixed bracket, and the other end of the reinforcing rope is embedded in the slope working platform. The fixed support includes a fixed base and a protective net pole. The fixed base is fixedly installed on the protective platform, and the protective net pole is set on the fixed base for installing the protective net. The reinforcing rope is connected and fixed to the upper middle part of the protective net pole. The protective netting upright is hinged to the fixed base, and an elastic buffer is provided between the protective netting upright and the fixed base; The fixed base is also provided with a rope locking mechanism, and the reinforcing rope is connected and fixed to the protective net pole after passing through the rope locking mechanism; The rope locking mechanism includes an opening and closing rod and a connecting rod drive mechanism; one end of the connecting rod drive mechanism is connected to the protective net upright, and the other end is connected to the opening and closing rod. The rotation of the protective net upright drives the connecting rod drive mechanism to drive the opening and closing rod to move, thereby realizing the locking or releasing function of the reinforcing rope.

2. The method for excavating high rock slopes in a highway expansion project according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S301, a rope groove is opened on the protective platform, the rope groove spans the protective platform, and the reinforcing rope is installed in the rope groove.

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