A boiler waste heat utilization device for burning waste materials

Abstract

A kind of boiler waste heat utilization device of burning waste material, the inner chamber of working cylinder is equipped with partition plate, the upper portion of partition plate is set as sliding heat exchange area, the lower portion of partition plate is set as suspension heat exchange area, the outside of working cylinder is equipped with external storage plate, external storage plate is annular structure;The inside of sliding heat exchange area is equipped with fixed cylinder, the inner chamber of fixed cylinder is equipped with water storage metal ring plate, the inner chamber of water storage metal ring plate stores cold water, the center of water storage metal ring plate cavity is equipped with multiple groups of corrugated guide plates, multiple groups of corrugated guide plates are attached to the inner wall of water storage metal ring plate, the center of multiple groups of corrugated guide plates is through burning waste material.The present application is connected in cascade by sliding heat exchange area and suspension heat exchange area, under the action of annular distribution fixed cylinder and water storage metal ring plate, in combination with corrugated guide plate and high emissivity coating, realize the compound enhanced heat exchange of radiation and convection, through the combination of microfluidized bed driven by air blowing pump and gas storage metal column, realize the efficient extraction of medium-low temperature waste heat.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of boiler waste recycling, and specifically relates to a waste heat utilization device for boiler combustion waste. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the current industrial boiler structure, a large amount of high-temperature combustion waste, i.e. slag, is inevitably generated in the combustion process. The slag usually has an extremely high temperature (up to 800°C to 1000°C or above) and carries a huge amount of sensible heat. However, the conventional boiler structure has a very rough way of handling this part of heat energy. In most cases, the slag is directly discharged and rapidly cooled by water cooling or air cooling to facilitate subsequent transportation and processing. This processing method not only causes a huge waste of energy, but also increases the consumption of cooling water and the emission of thermal pollution. Although some waste heat recovery technologies have been applied to the field of slag treatment in recent years, the existing technologies generally have the following technical problems:

[0003] Firstly, most conventional waste heat recovery devices use a simple convection heat exchange principle, i.e. heat exchange through direct or indirect contact between the slag and the cooling medium (water or air). This heat exchange method is limited by the small heat transfer area and low heat transfer coefficient, resulting in low overall heat exchange efficiency. At the same time, the flow state of the slag in the heat exchange channel is mostly static accumulation or slow sliding, and the relative movement between particles is not intense, and the contact with the heat exchange surface is not sufficient, further limiting the improvement of heat transfer efficiency.

[0004] Secondly, after the slag passes through the high-temperature section of the heat exchanger, its temperature has been significantly reduced, but it still carries considerable medium and low temperature sensible heat. Since the slag particles are in a static accumulation state, a "dead zone" is formed inside, making it difficult for heat to be effectively transferred to the outside, and the airflow distribution is uneven, which easily forms "channeling" or "short circuiting", resulting in uneven heat exchange. In addition, the particle sizes of the slag particles are different, and the presence of large particles or coking blocks seriously affects the uniform distribution of airflow and the suspension state of particles, greatly reducing the effect of medium and low temperature section waste heat recovery. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a waste heat utilization device for boiler combustion waste to at least partially solve the above technical problems.

[0006] The technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0007] The present application provides a waste heat utilization device for boiler combustion waste, comprising:

[0008] The inner cavity of the working barrel is provided with a partition plate, the upper part of the partition plate is a sliding heat exchange area, the lower part of the partition plate is a suspended heat exchange area, the outer part of the working barrel is provided with an external storage plate, and the external storage plate is in a ring structure.

[0009] The inner part of the sliding heat exchange area is provided with a fixed cylinder, the fixed cylinder is provided with a plurality of groups, the plurality of groups of fixed cylinders are distributed in a ring shape, the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder is provided with a water storage metal ring plate, the inner cavity of the water storage metal ring plate stores cold water, the center of the cavity of the water storage metal ring plate is provided with a plurality of groups of corrugated guide plates, the plurality of groups of corrugated guide plates are attached to the inner wall of the water storage metal ring plate, and the center of the plurality of groups of corrugated guide plates passes through the combustion waste.

[0010] The inner part of the suspended heat exchange area is provided with a gas blowing pump, the upper part of the gas blowing pump is provided with a limiting frame, the working end of the top surface of the gas blowing pump is provided with a gas storage metal column, the gas storage metal column is inserted into the inner part of the limiting frame, the inner part of the gas storage metal column stores cold air, the combustion waste falls into the inner part of the limiting frame, the working end of the outer side of the gas blowing pump is respectively provided with a gas conveying pipe, the other end of the gas conveying pipe is arranged in the inner part of the limiting frame, the gas conveying pipe releases air, the combustion waste is suspended in the inner part of the limiting frame and contacts the gas storage metal column to assist the combustion of the cold air in the inner part of the gas storage metal column.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present application, the surface of the corrugated guide plate is coated with a high-emissivity ceramic coating to form a radiation heat exchange surface, and the combustion waste passes through the center of the plurality of groups of corrugated guide plates to transfer heat to the cold water in the inner part of the water storage metal ring plate, and the cold water is converted into hot water through heat.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present application, a through hole is formed in the center of the partition plate, a fixed block is arranged in the inner part of the through hole, a plurality of limiting grooves are formed in the side wall of the fixed block, a plurality of discharge baffles are arranged in the inner part of the plurality of limiting grooves, a discharge groove is formed in the inner cavity of the fixed block, the discharge groove is arranged above the limiting frame, an electric telescopic device is arranged on the top of the inner cavity of the fixed block, a plurality of telescopic rods are arranged on the working end of the electric telescopic device, the other ends of the plurality of telescopic rods are arranged on the outer wall of the discharge baffles, the electric telescopic device drives the plurality of telescopic rods to move towards the inner part of the fixed block, and the discharge baffles are driven to move towards the inner part of the fixed block, so that the combustion waste falls into the inner part of the limiting frame.

[0013] In an embodiment of the present application, the top of the fixed block is provided with a center support, the outer wall of the center support is provided with a plurality of groups of L-shaped connecting rods, the other end of the plurality of groups of L-shaped connecting rods is arranged on the outer wall of the fixed cylinder, and the fixed cylinder is fixedly installed in the inside of the working cylinder body, the upper and lower ends of the working cylinder body are respectively provided with filter screens for filtering impurities of the combustion waste.

[0014] In an embodiment of the present application, the inside of the four sides of the partition plate is provided with a pressure bearing groove plate, the inner wall of the pressure bearing groove plate is provided with a protective pad, the pressure bearing groove plate is arranged below the fixed cylinder, and the pressure bearing groove plate is used for containing the combustion waste passing through the sliding heat exchange area, the bottom of the pressure bearing groove plate is provided with a plurality of groups of buffer damping rods, and the bottom end of the plurality of groups of buffer damping rods is arranged on the inner wall of the partition plate.

[0015] In an embodiment of the present application, the center bottom of the partition plate is provided with a material receiving frame, the material receiving frame is arranged below the discharging chute, the combustion waste falls into the inside of the material receiving frame through the discharging chute, the material receiving frame is arranged in the inside of the limiting frame, the inner wall bottom of the material receiving frame is provided with a servo motor, the working end of the top surface of the servo motor is provided with a rotating shaft, the outer wall of the rotating shaft is provided with a plurality of groups of rotating crushing knives, and the outer wall of the material receiving frame is provided with a plurality of groups of material passing holes, and the combustion waste falls into the inside of the limiting frame through the material passing holes.

[0016] In an embodiment of the present application, the inside of the external storage plate is provided with a partition plate, the outer wall of the gas storage metal column is provided with a plurality of groups of air exchange conveying branch pipes, the other end of the plurality of groups of air exchange conveying branch pipes is arranged at the bottom of the external storage plate and below the partition plate, and the air exchange conveying branch pipes are used for conveying hot air.

[0017] The inside of the water storage metal ring plate is provided with a hot water conveying pipe, the outer wall of the hot water conveying pipe is provided with a solenoid valve, the other end of the hot water conveying pipe is arranged at the top of the external storage plate and above the partition plate, and the hot water conveying pipe is used for conveying hot water.

[0018] In an embodiment of the present application, the top surface of the air conveying pipe is provided with a protective net, the two side inner walls of the air conveying pipe are respectively provided with mounting plates, the inside of the two mounting plates is respectively provided with sliding blocks, the two sliding blocks are jointly provided with a material blocking plate, the top surfaces of the two sliding blocks are respectively provided with damping rods, the other end of the damping rods is arranged on the inner wall of the mounting plate, the bottom of one mounting plate is provided with a discharging warning module, and the discharging warning module is electrically connected with an electric telescopic device, a servo motor and a blowing pump through a conducting wire.

[0019] The resistance plate is pressed by the burning waste material to descend to the inside of the air feeding pipe until the sliding block contacts the unloading warning module, and the electric telescopic device, the servo motor and the air blowing pump are automatically closed.

[0020] In an embodiment of the present application, the top surface of the partition plate is respectively provided with an electromagnetic valve control module, an air blowing pump control module and an electric telescopic device control module, the electromagnetic valve control module, the air blowing pump control module and the electric telescopic device control module are arranged below the pressure bearing groove plate, and the electromagnetic valve control module, the air blowing pump control module and the electric telescopic device control module are respectively electrically connected with the electromagnetic valve, the air blowing pump and the electric telescopic device through the conducting wire.

[0021] The pressure bearing groove plate is pressed by the burning waste material to descend to the partition plate until the bottom of the pressure bearing groove plate respectively contacts the electromagnetic valve control module, the air blowing pump control module and the electric telescopic device control module, and the electromagnetic valve, the air blowing pump and the electric telescopic device are respectively automatically operated.

[0022] In an embodiment of the present application, the top surface of the working cylinder is provided with a control panel, and the control panel is electrically connected with the electric telescopic device, the servo motor, the air blowing pump and the electromagnetic valve through the conducting wire.

[0023] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The present application realizes deep and efficient recovery of the sensible heat of the slag in the whole temperature range by connecting the sliding heat exchange area and the suspension heat exchange area in cascade, realizes composite and enhanced heat exchange of radiation and convection under the action of the annularly distributed fixed cylinder and the water storage metal ring plate in combination with the corrugated guide plate and the high-emissivity coating, and realizes efficient extraction of the medium and low temperature waste heat by the combination of the microfluidized bed driven by the air blowing pump and the gas storage metal column.

[0025] The present application realizes real-time monitoring and emergency response of the structural abnormalities by arranging the linkage protection structure composed of the resistance plate, the sliding block, the damping rod and the unloading warning module in the inside of the air feeding pipe, ensures the safe and stable operation of the device under different working conditions, realizes automatic start and automatic shutdown of the structure by arranging the electromagnetic valve control module, the air blowing pump control module and the electric telescopic device control module on the top surface of the partition plate and forming mechanical linkage with the pressure bearing groove plate, does not need manual intervention, decides the running state of the structure according to the presence or absence and weight of the material, and improves the intelligent level and operation efficiency of the structure.

[0026] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be made apparent from the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] The above mentioned and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description, taken in conjunction with the references to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0028] Figure 1 The first component explosion schematic diagram of the waste heat utilization device for burning waste materials in a boiler according to the embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 The second component explosion schematic diagram of the waste heat utilization device for burning waste materials in a boiler according to the embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 3 The component schematic diagram of the waste heat utilization device for burning waste materials in a boiler according to the embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 4 The overall schematic diagram of the waste heat utilization device for burning waste materials in a boiler according to the embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 5 The top view of the waste heat utilization device for burning waste materials in a boiler according to the embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 6 The front view of the waste heat utilization device for burning waste materials in a boiler according to the embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 7 The side view of the waste heat utilization device for burning waste materials in a boiler according to the embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 8 The Figure 5 The sectional view along the cutting line A-A;

[0036] Figure 9 The Figure 6 The sectional view along the cutting line B-B;

[0037] Figure 10 The Figure 6 The sectional view along the cutting line C-C;

[0038] Figure 11 The Figure 6 The sectional view along the cutting line D-D;

[0039] Figure 12 The Figure 7 The sectional view along the cutting line E-E;

[0040] Figure 13 The Figure 8 The local enlarged view of I in the figure;

[0041] Figure 14 The Figure 8 The local enlarged view of II in the figure.

[0042] In the diagram: 1. Working cylinder; 2. Divider plate; 3. Sliding heat exchange zone; 4. Suspended heat exchange zone; 5. Central support column; 6. L-shaped connecting rod; 7. Fixed cylinder; 8. Filter screen; 9. Water storage metal ring plate; 10. Corrugated guide plate; 11. Pressure-bearing groove plate; 12. Protective pad; 13. Buffer damping rod; 14. Fixed block; 15. Limiting groove; 16. Discharge chute; 17. Electric expansion joint; 18. Expansion rod; 19. Discharge baffle; 20. Receiving frame; 21. Material passage hole; 22. Servo motor; 23. Rotary... 24. Rotary crusher blade; 25. Limiting frame; 26. Air pump; 27. Air storage metal column; 28. Air supply pipe; 29. ​​Protective net; 30. Ventilation and conveying branch pipe; 31. Hot water conveying pipe; 32. Solenoid valve; 33. External storage plate; 34. Partition plate; 35. Mounting plate; 36. Sliding block; 37. Shock-absorbing damping rod; 38. Material blocking plate; 39. Unloading warning module; 40. Solenoid valve control module; 41. Air pump control module; 42. Electric expansion joint control module; 43. Control panel. Detailed Implementation

[0043] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0044] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes an embodiment of the present invention: a waste heat utilization device for boiler combustion waste.

[0045] like Figures 1 to 14 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a waste heat utilization device for boiler combustion waste, including: a working cylinder 1, a partition plate 2 in the inner cavity of the working cylinder 1, a sliding heat exchange area 3 above the partition plate 2, a suspended heat exchange area 4 below the partition plate 2, an external storage plate 33 on the outside of the working cylinder 1, the external storage plate 33 having a ring structure, a partition plate 34 inside the external storage plate 33, multiple sets of air exchange and conveying branch pipes 30 on the outer wall of the gas storage metal column 27, the other end of the multiple sets of air exchange and conveying branch pipes 30 being located at the bottom of the external storage plate 33 and below the partition plate 34, for conveying hot air, a hot water conveying pipe 31 inside the water storage metal ring plate 9, a solenoid valve 32 on the outer wall of the hot water conveying pipe 31, the other end of the hot water conveying pipe 31 being located at the top of the external storage plate 33 and above the partition plate 34, for conveying hot water;

[0046] The inside of the sliding heat exchange area 3 is provided with fixed cylinders 7, the fixed cylinders 7 are provided with multiple groups, the multiple groups of fixed cylinders 7 are distributed in a ring shape, the inner cavities of the fixed cylinders 7 are provided with water storage metal ring plates 9, the inner cavities of the water storage metal ring plates 9 store cold water, the centers of the cavities of the water storage metal ring plates 9 are provided with multiple groups of corrugated guide plates 10, the multiple groups of corrugated guide plates 10 are attached to the inner walls of the water storage metal ring plates 9, the centers of the multiple groups of corrugated guide plates 10 pass through the combustion waste, the surfaces of the corrugated guide plates 10 are coated with high-emissivity ceramic coating, to form a radiation heat exchange surface, the combustion waste passes through the centers of the multiple groups of corrugated guide plates 10, and heat is transmitted to the cold water in the water storage metal ring plates 9, so that the cold water is converted into hot water through heat;

[0047] The inside of the suspended heat exchange area 4 is provided with a gas blowing pump 26, the upper side of the gas blowing pump 26 is provided with a limiting frame body 25, the working end of the top surface of the gas blowing pump 26 is provided with a gas storage metal column 27, the gas storage metal column 27 is inserted into the inside of the limiting frame body 25, the inside of the gas storage metal column 27 stores cold air, the combustion waste falls into the inside of the limiting frame body 25, the working end of the outer side of the gas blowing pump 26 is respectively provided with a gas conveying pipe 28, the other end of the gas conveying pipe 28 is arranged in the inside of the limiting frame body 25, the gas conveying pipe 28 releases air, the combustion waste is suspended in the inside of the limiting frame body 25 and contacts the gas storage metal column 27, and the cold air in the gas storage metal column 27 is combusted.

[0048] In the specific application of the embodiment, high-temperature furnace slag (usually at a temperature of 800°C to 1000°C or above) is discharged from the boiler, first enters the top inlet (the feed inlet and the discharge outlet in the scheme are not drawn in the figure and do not belong to the technical content of the scheme, and the feed inlet and the discharge outlet are common knowledge, so no schematic diagram is shown) of the device, that is, the upper region of the working cylinder 1, and then falls into the sliding heat exchange area 3 above the partition plate 2. In the sliding heat exchange area 3, multiple fixed cylinders 7 are uniformly distributed in a ring shape to form an efficient and stable heat exchange channel array, and each fixed cylinder 7 is nested with a water storage metal ring plate 9, and the two are fixed by a high-strength heat-resistant connecting piece to ensure the reliability of the connection under high temperature and thermal stress. The water storage metal ring plate 9 is preferably high-temperature-resistant and high-thermal-conductivity alloy steel, such as 310S stainless steel, and the inner cavity is arranged as a ring-shaped closed cavity for containing cold water that needs to be heated. The cold water is introduced into the cavity of the water storage metal ring plate 9 by an external water pump structure from the boiler feed water pipeline or other water sources (the device for introducing the water source is not shown in the schematic diagram and does not belong to the technical content of the scheme, and is common knowledge), and circulates in the cavity of the water storage metal ring plate 9 at a certain flow rate.

[0049] On the inner wall of the water storage metal ring plate 9, a plurality of spiral or radial arranged corrugated guide plates 10 are closely fitted, the corrugated guide plates 10 are made of high-temperature-resistant and high-strength metal materials (such as heat-resistant cast iron or special alloy), the corrugated structure forms a zigzag and continuous central passage at the center of the ring plate, the scalding slag slides slowly and stably downward along the central passage under the action of gravity, realizing high-efficiency heat exchange, when the slag slides in the passage, two forms of heat exchange occur between the slag and the corrugated guide plate 10:

[0050] Firstly, forced convection heat exchange. The slag particles directly contact the surface of the guide plate, and heat is transferred to the guide plate through heat conduction. Since the slag is a continuous flow of solid particles, the contact heat exchange is continuous and efficient.

[0051] Secondly, heat radiation heat exchange. The temperature of the slag is extremely high, which emits energy in the form of infrared radiation. At this time, the high-emissivity ceramic coating coated on the surface of the corrugated guide plate 10 has a very high heat radiation absorption rate (usually greater than 0.9), which can efficiently absorb the radiant heat emitted by the slag and quickly conduct the heat to the guide plate metal which is closely connected with the base. The corrugated guide plate 10 conducts the absorbed convective heat and radiant heat to the water storage metal ring plate 9 which is closely fitted with it, and the water storage metal ring plate 9 as an excellent heat conductor quickly and uniformly transfers the heat to the cold water flowing in its cavity. The temperature of the cold water rises continuously after absorbing heat, and this process realizes the step-by-step recovery of the sensible heat of the high-temperature section of the slag. The huge amount of heat that would be wasted by the cooling water is successfully "captured" and converted into usable heat energy. Through this combined heat exchange mode of radiation and convection, and the increased heat exchange area of the corrugated guide plate 10, the heat exchange efficiency of the sliding heat exchange area 3 is much higher than that of the traditional single convection heat exchanger.

[0052] When the slag completes the heat release in the sliding heat exchange area 3, its temperature has been significantly reduced from the initial 800-1000°C to about 400-500°C, falling into the suspended heat exchange area 4 below the partition plate 2. In the suspended heat exchange area 4, the air blowing pump 26 is driven by an external variable frequency motor, which adjusts the output air volume according to the structural requirements. The top of the air blowing pump 26 is connected to the vertical air supply pipe 28 through a flange, and the other end of the air supply pipe 28 extends into the inside of the limiting frame 25. The limiting frame 25 is a box or cylinder made of heat-resistant material, and its top is open to allow the slag to fall freely. The internal space constitutes the working chamber of the "fluidized bed" or "micro-fluidized bed".

[0053] When the air blowing pump 26 is started, air is continuously injected into the limiting frame 25, enters through the air supply pipe 28, and is uniformly sprayed upwards from the diffusion port at the end of the air supply pipe 28. The slag particles in the limiting frame 25 begin to change from a static state to a dynamic state of suspension, jumping and tumbling, i.e. enter a microfluidization state, under the action of the rising air flow. In the microfluidization state, the slag particles are no longer tightly packed, but are separated from each other and move violently in the air flow.

[0054] At this time, first, the surface of each particle is exposed to the outside of the fluid (air) and the heat exchange surface (gas storage metal column 27), and the total heat exchange area is much larger than the contact area when it is in a static state. Second, the heat transfer coefficient is improved, and the relative movement between the particles and the gas and the particles and the solid surface intensifies the turbulence, destroys the boundary layer, and enhances the convective heat transfer coefficient. Finally, the violent mixing motion reduces the temperature gradient inside the slag bed, avoiding local overheating or overcooling.

[0055] In the center of the limiting frame 25, a gas storage metal column 27 is vertically inserted, which is made of high-temperature-resistant and high-thermal-conductivity alloy material, and has a hollow channel inside for accommodating cold air that needs to be preheated. The cold air is introduced from the air blowing pump 26 and flows upwards in the cavity of the gas storage metal column 27 at a certain flow rate. The suspended slag particles are constantly colliding, rubbing and sliding with the outer wall of the gas storage metal column 27 driven by the air flow. In this process, the heat of the slag is efficiently transferred to the wall of the metal column by heat conduction, and the metal column wall rapidly conducts the heat to its inner cavity, heating the cold air flowing inside. The cold air increases in temperature after absorbing heat, and finally turns into high-temperature hot air at the outlet. The gas storage metal column 27 is inserted into the limiting frame 25 and is axially and radially positioned by the structure of the limiting frame 25 at the upper part, ensuring that it remains stable under high temperature and air flow impact without shaking or displacement.

[0056] The inside of the external storage plate 33 is divided into two independent spaces by the horizontal partition plate 34: the upper space is used to store and distribute high-temperature hot water recovered from the sliding heat exchange area 3, and the lower space is used to store and distribute high-temperature hot air recovered from the suspended heat exchange area 4, effectively ensuring that the two different forms (liquid and gas), different temperatures and different purposes of the heat energy carriers do not interfere with each other, avoiding cross contamination and energy mixing, and ensuring the purity and efficiency of the structure operation.

[0057] Specifically, the high-temperature hot water generated in the gliding heat exchange area 3 is led out of the working cylinder 1 through the multi-foot hot water conveying pipe 31, the outlet end of the hot water conveying pipe 31 is connected to the top of the external storage plate 33 and leads to the area above the partition plate 34. An electromagnetic valve 32 is installed on the hot water conveying pipe 31, which can control the delivery time and flow of hot water according to the pressure and flow demand of the boiler feed water structure and the hot water level in the external storage plate 33.

[0058] At the same time, the high-temperature hot air generated in the suspended heat exchange area 4 is led out through the multi-group air conveying branch pipe 30, the branch pipe extends from the outer wall of the gas storage metal column 27, the outlet end is connected to the bottom of the external storage plate 33 and leads to the area below the partition plate 34, and the hot air enters the lower space of the external storage plate 33 and can be directly led out and sent into the boiler burner air duct through the pipeline as preheated combustion air. After the preheated air enters the furnace, the temperature of the flame can be increased, the ignition and combustion process of the fuel can be accelerated, the combustion can be more complete and stable, and thus the combustion efficiency can be improved and the incomplete combustion loss and pollutant emission can be reduced.

[0059] In summary, the boiler combustion waste heat utilization device of the present application realizes deep and efficient recovery of full-temperature sensible heat of the slag by grading and connecting the gliding heat exchange area 3 and the suspended heat exchange area 4. Through the combination of the annularly distributed fixed cylinder 7 and the water storage metal ring plate 9, the corrugated guide plate 10 and the high-emissivity coating, the composite enhanced heat exchange of radiation and convection is realized. Through the combination of the microfluidized bed driven by the air blowing pump 26 and the gas storage metal column 27, efficient extraction of medium and low temperature waste heat is realized, and through the external storage plate 33 and the partition plate 34, classified storage and distribution of heat energy are realized.

[0060] In a possible implementation, a through hole is formed in the center of the partition plate 2, a fixed block 14 is arranged in the through hole, a plurality of limiting grooves 15 are formed in the side wall of the fixed block 14, and a plurality of discharge baffles 19 are arranged in the limiting grooves 15, respectively. A discharge groove 16 is formed in the inner cavity of the fixed block 14 and is arranged above the limiting frame body 25. An electric telescopic device 17 is arranged on the top of the inner cavity of the fixed block 14, a plurality of telescopic rods 18 are arranged on the working end of the electric telescopic device 17, and the other ends of the telescopic rods 18 are arranged on the outer wall of the discharge baffles 19, respectively. The electric telescopic device 17 drives the plurality of telescopic rods 18 to move towards the inside of the fixed block 14 together, and drives the discharge baffles 19 to move towards the inside of the fixed block 14, so that the combustion waste falls into the limiting frame body 25.

[0061] The inner part of the partition plate 2 is provided with a pressure-bearing groove plate 11, the inner wall of the pressure-bearing groove plate 11 is provided with a protective pad 12, the pressure-bearing groove plate 11 is arranged below the fixed cylinder 7, and is used for containing the combustion waste passing through the sliding heat exchange area 3; the bottom of the pressure-bearing groove plate 11 is provided with a plurality of groups of buffer damping rods 13, and the bottom ends of the plurality of groups of buffer damping rods 13 are arranged on the inner wall of the partition plate 2 respectively.

[0062] In the specific application of the embodiment of the present application, the inner part of each fixed cylinder 7 is nested with a water storage metal ring plate 9, and the two are fixed through high-strength heat-resistant connecting pieces; the inner cavity of the water storage metal ring plate 9 stores cold water which needs to be heated. On the inner wall of the water storage metal ring plate 9, a plurality of spiral or radial corrugated guide plates 10 are closely attached, and the corrugated guide plates 10 form a zigzag and continuous central passage in the center of the ring plate. The scalding slag slowly and stably slides downward along the central passage under the action of gravity. In this process, the slag efficiently transfers heat to the corrugated guide plates 10 through forced convection and heat radiation, the high-emissivity ceramic coating on the surface of the guide plate absorbs the radiant heat and conducts the heat to the guide plate substrate, and then the heat is transferred to the water storage metal ring plate 9, which is an excellent heat conductor, so that the heat is quickly transferred to the cold water flowing in the cavity of the water storage metal ring plate 9, the temperature of the cold water is increased, and the cold water is converted into high-temperature hot water.

[0063] When the slag completes heat release in the sliding heat exchange area 3, the temperature of the slag is significantly reduced from the initial 800-1000°C to about 400-500°C, the side wall of the fixed block 14 is provided with a plurality of ring-shaped limiting grooves 15, each limiting groove 15 is provided with a discharging baffle 19, the inner edges of the discharging baffles 19 jointly form a circular discharging groove 16, under normal circumstances, the discharging baffles 19 are tightly closed under the constraint of the limiting grooves 15 to form a complete sealing surface, so that the sliding heat exchange area 3 is completely separated from the lower suspension heat exchange area 4, and the inner cavity of the fixed block 14 is provided with an electric telescopic device 17, the working end of the electric telescopic device 17 is connected with a plurality of telescopic rods 18, and the other end of each telescopic rod 18 is connected with the outer wall of a discharging baffle 19.

[0064] During the operation of the whole device, when the structure is started or needs to be discharged, the electric telescopic device 17 is started, the piston rod of the electric telescopic device 17 starts to contract, and drives the plurality of telescopic rods 18 to move to the inside of the fixed block 14. Since the telescopic rods 18 are connected with the discharging baffles 19, all the discharging baffles 19 are pulled to contract synchronously. With the movement of the discharging baffles 19, the circular discharging groove 16 formed by the discharging baffles 19 is gradually opened to form a ring-shaped passage with gradually expanding center. At this time, the slag which has completed heat exchange and is accumulated above the partition plate 2 falls into the lower suspension heat exchange area 4 through the opened passage under the action of gravity.

[0065] At the same time, the inner wall of the pressure groove plate 11 is provided with a protective pad 12, usually made of high-temperature-resistant and high-elastic rubber or polyurethane material. When the slag slides out of the outlet of the fixed cylinder 7, it does not directly hit the partition plate 2, but first falls into the annular groove surrounded by the pressure groove plate 11. The protective pad 12 makes the contact between the slag and the pressure groove plate 11 "soft", which can effectively absorb the initial impact energy of the falling slag, reduce noise and damage to the groove plate itself. The bottom of the pressure groove plate 11 is connected to a plurality of buffer damping rods 13, which are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the partition plate 2, and their structure is similar to that of a hydraulic or pneumatic shock absorber, which is filled with damping liquid or gas inside.

[0066] When the slag falls into the pressure groove plate 11 and generates downward pressure, the pressure groove plate 11 moves downward, compressing the buffer damping rod 13, and the piston inside the buffer damping rod 13 moves in the cylinder, forcing the damping liquid to pass through the tiny throttle hole, converting the kinetic energy of the slag into heat energy and dissipating it. The damping effect can smoothly and effectively absorb and buffer the impact force generated by the falling slag, preventing the impact force from being directly transmitted to the partition plate 2 and the main structure of the working cylinder 1. The coordinated work of multiple buffer damping rods 13 ensures that the pressure groove plate 11 can sink evenly when stressed, avoiding distortion or deformation caused by uneven stress. At the same time, the elasticity of the buffer damping rod 13 also allows the pressure groove plate 11 to quickly rebound after impact and return to the initial position, preparing for the next batch of slag to fall.

[0067] After being buffered by the pressure groove plate 11, the slag finally passes through the lower discharge slot 16 opened in the center of the fixed block 14 and falls into the suspended heat exchange area 4 below the partition plate 2. In the suspended heat exchange area 4, when the air blowing pump 26 is started, it continuously injects air into the limiting frame 25. The air enters through the air supply pipe 28 and is uniformly sprayed upward from the diffusion port at the end of the air supply pipe 28. The slag particles falling into the limiting frame 25 begin to change from a static accumulation state to a dynamic state of suspension, jumping and tumbling, i.e. entering a microfluidization state, under the action of the upward airflow. In the microfluidization state, the slag particles are no longer tightly packed, but are separated from each other and move vigorously in the airflow.

[0068] Specifically, the external storage plate 33 is not only a storage container, but also a heat energy distribution and management structure, which is in a ring structure and surrounds the periphery of the working cylinder 1. The inside of the external storage plate 33 is divided into two independent spaces by a horizontal partition plate 34: the upper space is used to store and distribute high-temperature hot water recovered from the sliding heat exchange area 3, and the lower space is used to store and distribute high-temperature hot air recovered from the suspended heat exchange area 4.

[0069] In a possible implementation, the top of the fixed block 14 is provided with a center support 5, the outer wall of the center support 5 is provided with a plurality of groups of L-shaped connecting rods 6, the other end of the plurality of groups of L-shaped connecting rods 6 is respectively arranged on the outer wall of the fixed cylinder 7, and the fixed cylinder 7 is fixedly installed in the inside of the working cylinder body 1. The upper and lower ends of the working cylinder body 1 are respectively provided with filter screens 8 for filtering impurities of the combustion waste.

[0070] The center bottom of the partition plate 2 is provided with a material receiving frame 20 arranged below the discharging chute 16. The combustion waste falls into the inside of the material receiving frame 20 through the discharging chute 16. The material receiving frame 20 is arranged in the inside of the limiting frame 25. The inner wall bottom of the material receiving frame 20 is provided with a servo motor 22. The working end of the top surface of the servo motor 22 is provided with a rotating shaft 23. The outer wall of the rotating shaft 23 is provided with a plurality of groups of rotating crushing knives 24. The outer wall of the material receiving frame 20 is provided with a plurality of groups of material passing holes 21. The combustion waste falls into the inside of the limiting frame 25 through the material passing holes 21.

[0071] In the specific application of the embodiment, the outer wall of each fixed cylinder 7 is connected with the center support 5 through a group of L-shaped connecting rods 6. The center support 5 vertically penetrates the center fixed block 14 of the partition plate 2, and the top of the center support 5 extends to the sliding heat exchange area 3. One end of the L-shaped connecting rod 6 is welded or bolted to the outer wall of the fixed cylinder 7, and the other end is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the center support 5. The fixed mode of the center support 5 and the L-shaped connecting rod 6 forms a rigid and stable three-dimensional support structure. The weight of all fixed cylinders 7 and the thermal stress and vibration load in the running process are effectively transmitted to the center support 5, and then transmitted to the main structure of the partition plate 2 and the working cylinder body 1. It is ensured that all fixed cylinders 7 can maintain accurate geometric positions under complex working conditions of high temperature, heavy load and thermal expansion and contraction, and will not tilt, shake or displace.

[0072] After the slag passes through the buffer of the pressure tank plate 11, it finally passes through the discharging chute 16 opened in the center of the fixed block 14 and falls into the suspension heat exchange area 4 below the partition plate 2. However, before entering the suspension heat exchange area 4, the slag will first enter the material receiving frame 20 located directly below the discharging chute 16. The material receiving frame 20 is arranged below the discharging chute 16 and is located in the inside of the limiting frame 25. When the slag falls from the discharging chute 16 above, it first falls into the inside of the material receiving frame 20. The inner wall bottom of the material receiving frame 20 is provided with a servo motor 22. The output shaft (rotating shaft 23) of the servo motor 22 extends upward, and a plurality of groups of rotating crushing knives 24 are arranged on the outer wall of the output shaft. The crushing knives are made of high-strength and wear-resistant alloy steel, the knife edges are sharp, and the crushing knives are arranged in a specific spiral or staggered mode.

[0073] When the slag falls into the receiving frame 20, the servo motor 22 works to drive the rotating shaft 23 to rotate at high speed, so that the rotating crushing knife 24 also rotates at high speed. The slag particles falling into the frame are thrown to the inner wall of the frame under the action of centrifugal force, and collide, shear and grind with the high-speed rotating crushing knife, so that the large and clumped slag is completely crushed into fine and uniform particles. The crushed slag particles pass through the several groups of material passing holes 21 opened on the outer wall of the receiving frame 20 and are uniformly scattered into the limiting frame 25 below.

[0074] At this time, the fine and uniform particles are more easily lifted by the airflow to form a stable and uniform microfluidization state, thereby improving the contact efficiency and heat transfer coefficient with the gas storage metal column 27. If the slag particles are too large or clumped, "dead zones" or "channeling" will be formed, resulting in uneven local heat exchange, and even destroying the fluidization state. Secondly, prevent the blockage of the suspended heat exchange area 4. Large slag or coking blocks are stuck in the pores at the bottom of the limiting frame 25, resulting in uneven airflow distribution, and in severe cases, the air vent will be completely blocked. Thirdly, improve the uniformity and completeness of heat recovery. The fine particles have a larger specific surface area and can release internal heat more quickly and uniformly, ensuring the depth and efficiency of waste heat recovery.

[0075] After the slag is crushed and passes through the material passing holes 21 of the receiving frame 20, it is finally uniformly distributed at the bottom of the limiting frame 25. At this time, the air blowing pump 26 starts to work and continuously injects air into the limiting frame 25 through the air supply pipe 28. The air is uniformly sprayed upwards from the end of the air supply pipe 28. The slag crushed into fine particles quickly changes from a static state to a dynamic state of suspension, jumping and tumbling under the action of the rising airflow, i.e. enters a microfluidization state. In the microfluidization state, the slag particles are no longer tightly packed, but are separated from each other and move vigorously in the airflow.

[0076] At the same time, the suspended slag particles are constantly colliding, rubbing and sliding with the outer wall of the gas storage metal column 27 under the action of the airflow. In this process, the heat of the slag is efficiently transferred to the wall of the metal column by heat conduction, and the wall of the metal column rapidly conducts the heat to its inner cavity, heating the cold air flowing inside. The cold air is finally converted into high-temperature hot air at the outlet after absorbing heat.

[0077] In a possible implementation, the top surface of the air feeding pipe 28 is provided with a protective net 29, the inner walls of the two sides of the inner cavity of the air feeding pipe 28 are respectively provided with mounting plates 35, the inner parts of the two mounting plates 35 are respectively provided with sliding blocks 36, the two sliding blocks 36 are jointly provided with a material blocking plate 38, the top surfaces of the two sliding blocks 36 are respectively provided with shock-absorbing damping rods 37, the other ends of the shock-absorbing damping rods 37 are arranged on the inner walls of the mounting plates 35, the bottom of one mounting plate 35 is provided with a discharging warning module 39, and the discharging warning module 39 is electrically connected with the electric telescopic device 17, the servo motor 22 and the air blowing pump 26 through conducting wires.

[0078] The material blocking plate 38 is pressed by the burning waste and is lowered to the inside of the air feeding pipe 28 until the sliding blocks 36 contact the discharging warning module 39, and the electric telescopic device 17, the servo motor 22 and the air blowing pump 26 are automatically turned off.

[0079] In the specific application of the embodiment, the slag is finally uniformly distributed on the bottom of the limiting frame 25 after being crushed and passing through the material passing hole 21 of the material receiving frame 20. At this time, the air blowing pump 26 starts to work and continuously injects air into the limiting frame 25 through the air feeding pipe 28. The slag crushed into fine particles rapidly changes from a static state to a dynamic state of suspension, jumping and tumbling, that is, enters a microfluidization state, under the action of the rising air flow. In the microfluidization state, the slag particles are no longer tightly packed, but are separated from each other and move violently in the air flow.

[0080] At this time, the gas storage metal column 27 is vertically inserted at the center position of the limiting frame 25, the inside of the gas storage metal column 27 is hollow and is used to accommodate cold air that needs to be preheated. The cold air flows upward in the cavity of the gas storage metal column 27 at a certain flow rate. The suspended slag particles continuously collide, rub and slide with the outer wall of the gas storage metal column 27 under the action of the air flow. In this process, the heat of the slag is efficiently transferred to the wall surface of the metal column by heat conduction, the wall of the metal column rapidly conducts the heat to its inner cavity, heats the cold air flowing inside, and the cold air is finally converted into high-temperature hot air at the outlet after absorbing heat.

[0081] However, in the process of air pipe 28 to limit frame 25 to transport air, there is a potential risk: slag particles reverse into the air pipe 28 inside. Because the slag is in a microfluidized state, part of the fine particles is carried by the high-speed airflow, moving upward, into the air pipe 28. Once the slag enters the air pipe 28, not only will it block the airflow channel, reduce the air supply efficiency, but also wear the inner wall of the air pipe 28, even enter the inside of the air blowing pump 26, cause the pump body damage, lead to the whole suspension heat exchange structure paralysis. In order to completely eliminate this risk, the device is provided with a protective net 29 at the top of the air pipe 28, the protective net 29 is made of high-temperature-resistant and high-strength stainless steel wire mesh, the mesh size can not only ensure the smooth passage of air, but also effectively intercept any upward moving slag particles, block them outside the air pipe 28, ensure the smoothness of the air path and the safety of the air blowing pump 26.

[0082] Further, the device is provided with mounting plates 35 on the inner walls of the two sides of the inner cavity of the air pipe 28, a movable material blocking plate 38 is installed between the two mounting plates 35, the material blocking plate 38 is installed inside the mounting plate 35 through the sliding blocks 36 on its two sides, can freely slide in the guide groove of the mounting plate 35, the top surfaces of the two sliding blocks 36 are connected with the damping rods 37 respectively, the other end of the damping rod is fixed on the inner wall of the mounting plate 35, when the material blocking plate 38 is subjected to downward pressure, it can stably and slowly descend, at the same time, absorb the impact energy, prevent the material blocking plate 38 from being damaged due to sudden force.

[0083] In the normal operating state, the material blocking plate 38 is located at its highest position, maintains a certain distance with the protective net 29, does not affect the flow of air. However, when the structure is abnormal, for example, the material hole 21 of the material receiving frame 20 is blocked by large impurities, or the crushing knife stops working due to the fault of the servo motor 22, the slag cannot normally enter the limiting frame 25, but continuously falls from above and accumulates at the bottom of the limiting frame 25, the height of the accumulated slag will continue to rise. When the slag accumulates to a certain height, its upper surface will contact the lower surface of the material blocking plate 38, and exert a downward pressure on the material blocking plate 38. Under the action of the slag pressure, the material blocking plate 38 begins to overcome the resistance of the damping rod 37, and slowly moves downward. With the descent of the material blocking plate 38, the sliding blocks 36 on its two sides also slide in the mounting plate 35, when the material blocking plate 38 descends to the predetermined position, the lower surface of the sliding block 36 will contact the discharging warning module 39, the discharging warning module 39 is installed at the bottom of a mounting plate 35, its inside contains a mechanical switch or a pressure sensor, when the sliding block 36 contacts the discharging warning module 39, the module is triggered, immediately sends an emergency shutdown signal to the electric telescopic device 17, the servo motor 22 and the air blowing pump 26 through the conducting wire.

[0084] Specifically, when the unloading warning module 39 is triggered, it immediately cuts off the power supply of the electric telescopic device 17, making it stop working, and the unloading baffle 19 is automatically closed to prevent more slag from entering from above. At the same time, the power supply of the servo motor 22 is immediately cut off, making it stop rotating, and the rotary crushing knife 24 stops working. Finally, the power supply of the air blowing pump 26 is immediately cut off, making it stop delivering air into the limiting frame 25, and the three actuators are closed at the same time, at which time the material conveying, physical processing and airflow driving structure of the entire device stop running.

[0085] In one embodiment, the top surface of the partition plate 2 is respectively provided with an electromagnetic valve control module 40, an air blowing pump control module 41 and an electric telescopic device control module 42, which are arranged below the pressure tank plate 11, and the electromagnetic valve control module 40, the air blowing pump control module 41 and the electric telescopic device control module 42 are respectively electrically connected with the electromagnetic valve 32, the air blowing pump 26 and the electric telescopic device 17 through conducting wires;

[0086] The pressure tank plate 11 is lowered by the combustion waste to the partition plate 2 until the bottom of the pressure tank plate 11 respectively contacts the electromagnetic valve control module 40, the air blowing pump control module 41 and the electric telescopic device control module 42, and the electromagnetic valve 32, the air blowing pump 26 and the electric telescopic device 17 respectively work independently.

[0087] In specific application, when the slag completes heat release in the sliding heat exchange area, its temperature has been significantly reduced from the initial 800-1000°C to about 400-500°C, and at the same time, the components inside the device are in a shutdown or standby state in the initial state. The electric telescopic device, the air blowing pump, the servo motor and the electromagnetic valve actuator are not started.

[0088] Specifically, when the device is stationary, the pressure tank plate 11 is located at its highest position and maintains a certain distance from the partition plate 2. On the top surface of the partition plate 2, the electromagnetic valve control module 40, the air blowing pump control module 41 and the electric telescopic device control module 42 are sequentially arranged directly below the pressure tank plate 11, and the three control modules are respectively electrically connected with the external electromagnetic valve 32, the air blowing pump 26 and the electric telescopic device 17 through conducting wires. When the boiler starts to discharge slag, the high-temperature slag enters the sliding heat exchange area 3 through the filter screen 8 and starts to move downward after completing heat exchange in the fixed cylinder 7. Since the electric telescopic device 17 has not been started, the unloading baffle 19 is in a closed state, and the slag cannot fall, so it will gradually accumulate above the partition plate 2. As the slag continues to accumulate, its weight continues to increase, and the downward pressure exerted on the pressure tank plate 11 also becomes larger and larger, and when the weight of the slag reaches a certain threshold, the pressure tank plate 11 begins to overcome the resistance of the buffer damping rod 13 and slowly moves downward.

[0089] As the pressure tank plate 11 is lowered, its bottom will sequentially contact the three control modules located directly below it. First, the bottom of the pressure tank plate 11 contacts the electromagnetic valve control module 40, which is triggered when subjected to pressure, sending an opening signal to the external electromagnetic valve 32 through the conducting wire. Upon receiving the signal, the electromagnetic valve 32 automatically opens, allowing the high-temperature hot water in the hot water delivery pipe 31 to begin flowing into the external storage plate 33, indicating the start of the heat recovery structure.

[0090] Next, as the pressure tank plate 11 continues to descend, its bottom contacts the air blowing pump control module 41, which is also triggered, sending a start signal to the air blowing pump 26 through the conducting wire. Upon receiving the signal, the air blowing pump 26 begins to work, continuously injecting air into the limiting frame 25 through the air pipe 28, preparing for the subsequent operation of the fluidized bed.

[0091] Finally, as the pressure tank plate 11 continues to descend, its bottom contacts the electric telescopic control module 42, which is triggered, sending a start signal to the electric telescopic 17 through the conducting wire. Upon receiving the signal, the electric telescopic 17 begins to work, its piston rod retracts, driving multiple telescopic rods 18 to move together into the interior of the fixed block 14, thereby pulling all the discharge baffles 19 to synchronously retract inward, opening the discharge port. At this time, the accumulated slag on the upper side falls into the lower suspended heat exchange area 4 uniformly and controllably through the opened channel under the action of gravity.

[0092] This sequential triggering mechanism based on the descent of the pressure tank plate 11 realizes automatic start of the structure without manual intervention, completely determines when to start according to the accumulation amount and weight of the slag, ensures that the structure only consumes energy when there is material to be processed, and realizes energy-saving operation.

[0093] However, when the structure runs for a period of time, if an abnormal situation occurs, for example, the slag supply is interrupted, or the material feeding control structure fails to close the material feeding opening, the slag continuously falls, causing the slag above the pressure tank plate 11 to be completely emptied. At this time, the pressure above the pressure tank plate 11 disappears, and the pressure tank plate 11 starts to rebound upward under the elastic restoring force of the buffer damping rod 13. As the pressure tank plate 11 rises, its bottom will sequentially disengage from the contact with the three control modules. When the pressure tank plate 11 disengages from the electric telescopic rod control module 42, the electric telescopic rod control module 42 loses pressure and automatically cuts off the power supply to the electric telescopic rod 17, and the electric telescopic rod 17 stops working. The material feeding baffle 19 is automatically closed under the action of the return spring, preventing more slag from falling. When the pressure tank plate 11 disengages from the air blowing pump control module 41, the air blowing pump control module 41 loses pressure and automatically cuts off the power supply to the air blowing pump 26, and the air blowing pump 26 stops working, and the air flow is interrupted. When the pressure tank plate 11 disengages from the electromagnetic valve control module 40, the electromagnetic valve control module 40 loses pressure and automatically cuts off the power supply to the electromagnetic valve 32, and the electromagnetic valve 32 is closed, stopping the delivery of hot water, and achieving automatic shutdown of the structure, ensuring that the structure can be automatically closed in the absence of material or abnormal situations, avoiding waste of energy and wear and tear of the equipment.

[0094] In addition, when the slag abnormally accumulates in the limiting frame body 25, causing the material blocking plate 38 to descend and triggering the unloading warning module 39, the module will immediately cut off the power supply of the electric telescopic rod 17, the servo motor 22 and the air blowing pump 26, achieving emergency shutdown. After emergency shutdown, due to the interruption of slag supply, the pressure above the pressure tank plate 11 will also gradually disappear, and the pressure tank plate 11 rebounds and disengages from the three control modules, further ensuring the complete closing of the structure, forming a double insurance.

[0095] In a possible implementation, the top surface of the working cylinder 1 is provided with a control panel 43, which is electrically controlled and connected to the electric telescopic rod 17, the servo motor 22, the air blowing pump 26 and the electromagnetic valve 32 through conducting wires.

[0096] In specific applications of the embodiments of the present application, the electric telescopic rod 17, the servo motor 22, the air blowing pump 26 and the electromagnetic valve 32 used by the present device are all mature existing technologies, and the working principles of the electric telescopic rod 17, the servo motor 22, the air blowing pump 26 and the electromagnetic valve 32 are also well known to those skilled in the art, and will not be described in detail here.

[0097] It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting; thus the use of any

[0098] The above description of the application and its embodiments is not restrictive, and the embodiments shown in the drawings are only one of the embodiments of the application, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In general, if a person skilled in the art is inspired by it, without departing from the purpose of the application, without creative design, similar structure and embodiments of the technical solution can be designed, which should belong to the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A boiler waste material combustion waste heat utilization device, characterized by, include: The working cylinder (1) has a partition plate (2) in its inner cavity. A sliding heat exchange area (3) is set above the partition plate (2), and a floating heat exchange area (4) is set below the partition plate (2). An external storage plate (33) is set on the outside of the working cylinder (1). The external storage plate (33) has a ring structure. The sliding heat exchange area (3) is provided with a fixed cylinder (7) inside. The fixed cylinder (7) is provided in multiple sets, and the multiple sets of fixed cylinders (7) are arranged in a ring. The inner cavity of the fixed cylinder (7) is provided with a water storage metal ring plate (9). The inner cavity of the water storage metal ring plate (9) contains cold water. The center of the cavity of the water storage metal ring plate (9) is provided with multiple sets of corrugated guide plates (10). The multiple sets of corrugated guide plates (10) are attached to the inner wall of the water storage metal ring plate (9). The center of the multiple sets of corrugated guide plates (10) passes through the combustion waste. The suspended heat exchange area (4) is equipped with an air pump (26) inside. A limiting frame (25) is provided above the air pump (26). A gas storage metal column (27) is provided at the working end of the top surface of the air pump (26). The gas storage metal column (27) is inserted into the limiting frame (25). Cold air is stored inside the gas storage metal column (27). The combustion waste falls into the limiting frame (25). An air supply pipe (28) is provided at the working end outside the air pump (26). The other end of the air supply pipe (28) is located inside the limiting frame (25). The air supply pipe (28) releases air. The combustion waste is suspended inside the limiting frame (25) and contacts the gas storage metal column (27), which helps to ignite the cold air inside the gas storage metal column (27). The partition plate (2) has a through hole in the center, and a fixing block (14) is provided inside the through hole. The side wall of the fixing block (14) has multiple sets of limiting grooves (15). The interior of each of the multiple sets of limiting grooves (15) is provided with a feeding baffle (19). The inner cavity of the fixing block (14) has a feeding groove (16). The feeding groove (16) is located above the limiting frame (25). The top of the inner cavity of the fixing block (14) is provided with an electric telescopic device (17). The working end of the electric telescopic device (17) is provided with multiple sets of telescopic rods (18). The other end of each of the multiple sets of telescopic rods (18) is located on the outer wall of the feeding baffle (19). The working of the electric telescopic device (17) drives the multiple sets of telescopic rods (18) to move together into the interior of the fixing block (14), and together drive the feeding baffle (19) to move into the interior of the fixing block (14), so that the combustion waste falls into the interior of the limiting frame (25). The top surface of the air supply pipe (28) is provided with a protective net (29), the inner walls of the air supply pipe (28) are respectively provided with mounting plates (35), the inner parts of the two mounting plates (35) are respectively provided with sliding blocks (36), the two sliding blocks (36) are jointly provided with a material blocking plate (38), the top surfaces of the two sliding blocks (36) are respectively provided with shock absorbing damping rods (37), the other ends of the shock absorbing damping rods (37) are arranged on the inner walls of the mounting plates (35), the bottom of one mounting plate (35) is provided with a discharging warning module (39), and the discharging warning module (39) is electrically connected with the electric telescopic device (17), the servo motor (22) and the air blowing pump (26) through the conducting wire. The material blocking plate (38) is pressed by the burning waste to descend into the air supply pipe (28), until the sliding block (36) contacts the discharging warning module (39), and the electric telescopic device (17), the servo motor (22) and the air blowing pump (26) are automatically closed.

2. The boiler waste heat utilization apparatus for burning waste materials according to claim 1, characterized by The surface of the corrugated guide vane (10) is coated with a high-emissivity ceramic coating to form a radiation heat transfer surface. The burning waste passes through the center of multiple groups of corrugated guide vanes (10) and transfers heat to the cold water inside the water storage metal ring plate (9), and the cold water is converted into hot water through heat.

3. The boiler waste heat utilization apparatus for burning waste materials according to claim 1, characterized by The top of the fixed block (14) is provided with a center support (5), the outer wall of the center support (5) is provided with a plurality of L-shaped connecting rods (6), the other ends of the plurality of L-shaped connecting rods (6) are arranged on the outer wall of the fixed cylinder (7), and the fixed cylinder (7) is fixedly installed in the inside of the working cylinder (1). The upper and lower ends of the working cylinder (1) are respectively provided with filter screens (8) for filtering impurities in the burning waste.

4. The boiler waste heat utilization apparatus for burning waste materials according to claim 1, characterized by The inside of the partition plate (2) is provided with a pressure bearing groove plate (11), the inner wall of the pressure bearing groove plate (11) is provided with a protective pad (12), the pressure bearing groove plate (11) is arranged below the fixed cylinder (7), and the pressure bearing groove plate (11) is arranged below the fixed cylinder (7). The pressure bearing groove plate (11) is used to contain the burning waste passing through the sliding heat exchange area (3), and the bottom of the pressure bearing groove plate (11) is provided with a plurality of buffer damping rods (13), and the bottom ends of the plurality of buffer damping rods (13) are arranged on the inner wall of the partition plate (2).

5. The boiler waste heat utilization apparatus for burning waste materials according to claim 4, characterized by The center bottom of the partition plate (2) is provided with a material receiving frame (20), the material receiving frame (20) is arranged below the discharging chute (16), the burning waste falls into the inside of the material receiving frame (20) through the discharging chute (16), the material receiving frame (20) is arranged in the inside of the limiting frame (25), the inner wall bottom of the material receiving frame (20) is provided with a servo motor (22), the working end of the top surface of the servo motor (22) is provided with a rotating shaft (23), the outer wall of the rotating shaft (23) is provided with a plurality of rotating crushing knives (24), and the outer wall of the material receiving frame (20) is provided with a plurality of material passing holes (21). The burning waste falls into the inside of the limiting frame (25) through the material passing hole (21).

6. The boiler waste heat utilization apparatus for burning waste materials according to claim 1, wherein The inside of the external storage plate (33) is provided with a partition plate (34), the outer wall of the gas storage metal column (27) is provided with a plurality of groups of air exchange conveying branch pipes (30), the other end of the plurality of groups of air exchange conveying branch pipes (30) is arranged at the bottom of the external storage plate (33) and below the partition plate (34), for conveying hot air; The inside of the water storage metal ring plate (9) is provided with a hot water conveying pipe (31), the outer wall of the hot water conveying pipe (31) is provided with a solenoid valve (32), the other end of the hot water conveying pipe (31) is arranged at the top of the external storage plate (33) and above the partition plate (34), for conveying hot water.

7. The boiler waste heat utilization apparatus for burning waste materials according to claim 4, characterized by The top surface of the partition plate (2) is respectively provided with a solenoid valve control module (40), a blowing pump control module (41) and an electric telescopic control module (42), the solenoid valve control module (40), the blowing pump control module (41) and the electric telescopic control module (42) are arranged below the pressure tank plate (11), and the solenoid valve control module (40), the blowing pump control module (41) and the electric telescopic control module (42) are respectively electrically connected with the solenoid valve (32), the blowing pump (26) and the electric telescopic device (17) through the conducting wire. The pressure tank plate (11) is lowered to the partition plate (2) by the combustion waste, until the bottom of the pressure tank plate (11) respectively contacts the solenoid valve control module (40), the blowing pump control module (41) and the electric telescopic control module (42), and the solenoid valve (32), the blowing pump (26) and the electric telescopic device (17) work independently.

8. The boiler waste heat utilization apparatus for burning waste materials according to claim 1, characterized by The top surface of the working cylinder (1) is provided with a control panel (43), and the control panel (43) is electrically connected with the electric telescopic device (17), the servo motor (22), the blowing pump (26) and the solenoid valve (32) through the conducting wire.

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