High-energy hard X-ray monochromatic imaging system based on zirconium K alpha source

Abstract

The invention provides a high-energy hard X-ray monochromatic imaging system based on a zirconium Kalpha source. The high-energy hard X-ray monochromatic imaging system comprises a high-power laser, a Zr target material arranged in front of the high-power laser, an imaging bent crystal adjusting module arranged in front of the Zr target material and an imaging signal detection module arranged behind the high-power laser, the high-power laser is used for generating laser; the Zr target material is used for receiving the laser and generating X rays with Zr K alpha characteristics; the imaging bent crystal adjusting module is used for adjusting and focusing the X-rays and correcting aberration generated when the Bragg diffraction angle deviates from normal incidence; and the imaging signal detection module is used for receiving an X-ray focusing signal, shielding high-energy charged particles and carrying out regional control on the transmittance of a space signal through an electric actuator. According to the invention, high-precision optical path alignment and signal acquisition can be realized on the premise of keeping the stability of a vacuum environment, high-resolution imaging of high-density plasma is realized, and the device has the advantages of compact structure, convenience in operation, remote regulation and control and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical and radiation detection technology, and in particular to a high-energy hard X-ray monochromatic imaging system based on a zirconium Kα source. Background Technology

[0002] X-ray monochromatic backlighting is a commonly used method for diagnosing plasma density in high-energy-density physics experiments. This technique uses monoenergetic X-rays generated by laser bombardment of a solid target as a backlight source. After passing through the high-density plasma, the X-rays are focused by a bent crystal to form a transmission image. Since the absorption of X-rays in the plasma is directly related to its density, the spatial distribution of the plasma surface density (ρR) can be inverted by analyzing the imaging intensity distribution. Combined with time-delay control, the dynamic evolution of the surface density can be tracked, thereby obtaining information on the structural evolution of the plasma.

[0003] Currently, most widely used monochromatic imaging systems are based on Cu Kα radiation (8.04 keV) generated by copper targets. However, this energy range has several limitations in high-density plasma diagnostic experiments, such as: 1) when the plasma surface density (ρR) exceeds 100 mg / cm³. 2 1) When the X-ray transmittance decreases significantly, the imaging signal-to-noise ratio decreases; 2) The characteristic energy of Cu Kα is easily affected by the temperature fluctuation of the target plasma, and drifts and deviates from the bending crystal diffraction bandwidth range, thereby reducing the light collection efficiency; 3) The existing system structure design is not perfect. When replacing the filter, the vacuum needs to be broken and the operation is manual, which affects the experimental efficiency and the reliability of the device. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a high-energy hard X-ray monochromatic imaging system based on a zirconium Kα source, which can achieve high-precision optical path alignment and signal acquisition while maintaining a stable vacuum environment, realize high-resolution imaging of high-density plasma, and has the advantages of compact structure, convenient operation and remote control.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: a high-energy hard X-ray monochromatic imaging system based on a zirconium Kα source, comprising a high-power laser, a Zr target material disposed in front of the high-power laser, an imaging bending crystal adjustment module disposed in front of the Zr target material, and an imaging signal detection module disposed behind the high-power laser. The high-power laser is used to generate laser light; The Zr target is used to receive the laser and generate Zr Kα characteristic X-rays; The imaging bending crystal adjustment module is used to adjust and focus the X-rays and correct the aberrations caused when the Bragg diffraction angle deviates from normal incidence. The imaging signal detection module is used to receive X-ray focusing signals, shield high-energy charged particles, and control the spatial signal transmittance in different regions through an electric actuator.

[0006] Optionally, the imaging bending crystal adjustment module includes a cylindrical aluminum shielding shell, a target chamber flange disposed at the front end of the aluminum shielding shell, a flange electrical feed interface disposed inside the target chamber flange, an aluminum support frame disposed inside the aluminum shielding shell and connected to the inside of the target chamber flange, and an imaging adjustment unit disposed at the rear end of the aluminum shielding shell.

[0007] Optionally, the imaging adjustment unit includes a six-degree-of-freedom electrically controlled platform disposed inside the rear end of the aluminum shielding shell, an electric rotary stage disposed outside the rear end of the aluminum shielding shell, a single-axis electric displacement stage disposed at the rear end of the electric rotary stage, a crystal holder disposed at the rear end of the single-axis electric displacement stage, a toroidal crystal disposed inside the crystal holder, and a crystal baffle disposed at the rear end of the crystal holder, wherein the electric rotary stage and the crystal baffle are connected by an L-shaped optical support rod.

[0008] Optionally, the two ends of the aluminum support frame are connected to the flange electrical feed interface and the six-degree-of-freedom electric control platform, respectively. The cables of the six-degree-of-freedom electric control platform, the electric rotary table, and the single-axis electric displacement table are connected to the external system through the flange electrical feed interface.

[0009] Optionally, the aluminum shielding shell is used to shield the interference of high-energy ionizing radiation on cable signals, the toroidal bent crystal is used to focus X-rays with Zr Kα characteristics, the single-axis electric displacement stage is used to adjust the position of the toroidal bent crystal through the crystal frame, the crystal baffle is used to protect the surface of the toroidal bent crystal in the non-working state, the electric rotary stage is used to control the rotation of the crystal baffle through the optical support rod, and the six-degree-of-freedom electric control platform is used to control the electric rotary stage and the single-axis electric displacement stage to perform six-degree-of-freedom adjustment.

[0010] Optionally, the imaging signal detection module includes a detector flange in the shape of a disc, an observation window and an imaging channel disposed on the detector flange, an annular magnet disposed at the entrance of the imaging channel, a light-blocking bracket disposed on the front side of the detector flange, and a targeting laser, an auxiliary camera and an imaging detection unit disposed on the rear side of the detector flange, wherein the detector flange and the auxiliary camera are connected by an L-shaped bracket.

[0011] Optionally, the imaging detection unit includes an imaging detector disposed on the rear side of the detector flange, stepped filter boxes disposed on both sides of the imaging detector, an electronically controlled actuator disposed on the top of the stepped filter boxes, and a vacuum gate valve disposed on the top of the imaging detector, wherein the top outlet of the vacuum gate valve is connected to the imaging channel of the detector flange.

[0012] Optionally, the detector flange is used to adjust and fix the observation window, the aiming laser and the auxiliary camera under vacuum conditions to perform bent crystal optical alignment, and to observe the internal state of the target chamber through the observation window and the auxiliary camera to complete the deflection of high-energy charged particles; The through-beam shield is used to block non-diffracted X-rays; The imaging detector is used to record the Zr Kα signal after the curved crystal is focused. The stepped filter box is used to hold different filter sheets; The electronically controlled actuator is used to switch between filters with different permeability. The vacuum gate valve is used to isolate the vacuum environment between the main target chamber and the detection chamber.

[0013] This invention discloses the following technical effects by providing a high-energy hard X-ray monochromatic imaging system based on a zirconium Kα source: This invention employs a high-energy Zr Kα source, which can penetrate higher-density plasma and improve the imaging signal-to-noise ratio. High-precision focusing and Bragg aberration correction are achieved through a toroidal bent crystal and a six-degree-of-freedom electronic control platform, improving imaging clarity and spatial resolution. The stepped filter electronic control design allows for switching of signal transmittance under vacuum, enhancing operational convenience. A ring magnet and a direct-penetrating light baffle effectively shield high-energy charged particles and stray X-rays, improving measurement accuracy. The system integrates a laser optical alignment device, enabling rapid alignment and status monitoring under vacuum conditions. The overall structure is compact, remotely operable, and adaptable to various experimental target chambers, providing an efficient and reliable monochromatic X-ray imaging method for high-density plasma diagnostics.

[0014] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system architecture provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall system layout and optical path provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the imaging bending crystal adjustment module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an imaging signal detection module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure labeling: A-1, toroidal bent crystal; A-2, crystal holder; A-3, crystal baffle; A-4, single-axis electric displacement stage; A-5, electric rotary stage; A-6, six-degree-of-freedom electric control platform; A-7, aluminum shielding shell; A-8, aluminum support frame; A-9, target chamber flange; A-10, flange electrical feedthrough interface; A-11, optical support rod; B-1, imaging detector; B-2, stepped filter box; B-3, electric actuator; B-4, vacuum gate valve; B-5, auxiliary camera; B-6, observation window; B-7, detector flange; B-8, aiming laser; B-9, ring magnet; B-10, through-beam baffle holder; B-11, imaging channel; B-12, L-shaped bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a high-energy hard X-ray monochromatic imaging system based on a zirconium Kα source, including a high-power laser, a Zr target material disposed in front of the high-power laser, an imaging bending crystal adjustment module disposed in front of the Zr target material, and an imaging signal detection module disposed behind the high-power laser.

[0020] The high-power laser is used to generate laser light; the Zr target is used to receive the laser light and generate Zr Kα characteristic X-rays. The imaging bending crystal adjustment module is used to adjust and focus the X-rays and correct aberrations caused when the Bragg diffraction angle deviates from normal incidence; the imaging signal detection module is used to receive the X-ray focusing signal, shield high-energy charged particles, and perform regional control of spatial signal transmittance through an electric actuator.

[0021] like Figure 3 As shown, the imaging curved crystal adjustment module includes a cylindrical aluminum shielding shell A-7, a target chamber flange A-9 located at the front end of the aluminum shielding shell A-7, a flange electrical feed interface A-10 located inside the target chamber flange A-9, an aluminum support frame A-8 located inside the aluminum shielding shell A-7 and connected to the inside of the target chamber flange A-9, and an imaging adjustment unit located at the rear end of the aluminum shielding shell A-7.

[0022] The imaging adjustment unit includes a six-degree-of-freedom electrically controlled platform A-6 located at the rear end inside the aluminum shielding shell A-7, an electric rotary stage A-5 located at the rear end outside the aluminum shielding shell A-7, a single-axis electric displacement stage A-4 located at the rear end of the electric rotary stage A-5, a crystal frame A-2 located at the rear end of the single-axis electric displacement stage A-4, a toroidal crystal located inside the crystal frame A-2, and a crystal baffle A-3 located at the rear end of the crystal frame A-2. The electric rotary stage A-5 and the crystal baffle A-3 are connected by an L-shaped optical support rod A-11.

[0023] Specifically: A square toroidal curved crystal A-1 is embedded in the groove of the crystal holder A-2 and is used to focus Zr Kα monochromatic X-rays. Compared with traditional spherical curved crystals, the toroidal curved crystal can effectively correct the aberrations caused by the Bragg diffraction angle (about 87°) deviating from normal incidence, thereby improving the imaging quality.

[0024] The crystal holder A-2 is fixed to the single-axis electric displacement stage A-4 by screws. The single-axis electric displacement stage A-4 can be used for fine adjustment of the front and rear position of the crystal to achieve image plane optimization.

[0025] The crystal baffle A-3 is suspended on the electric rotary table A-5 by an optical support rod A-11. The electric rotary table A-5 can be used to control the rotation of the crystal baffle A-3 and protect the crystal surface when not in operation.

[0026] Both the single-axis electric displacement stage A-4 and the electric rotary stage A-5 are fixed to the six-degree-of-freedom electric control platform A-6 by screws. The six-degree-of-freedom electric control platform A-6 provides six degrees of freedom fine adjustment such as pitch, yaw and translation to ensure that the bent crystal accurately meets the Bragg diffraction conditions.

[0027] The six-degree-of-freedom electronic control platform A-6 is mounted on the aluminum support frame A-8 using screws and locating pins.

[0028] The aluminum support frame A-8 is mounted on the target chamber flange A-9 with screws, fixing the entire crystal bending assembly to the target chamber flange A-9. Both ends of the aluminum support frame A-8 are connected to the flange electrical feedthrough interface A-10 and the six-degree-of-freedom electrical control platform A-6, respectively.

[0029] The cables of the electric platform A-4, electric rotary table A-5, and six-degree-of-freedom electric control platform A-6 are connected to the external control system through the flange feed interface A-10 to achieve remote adjustment.

[0030] The aluminum shielding shell A-7 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the target chamber flange A-9 by screws. Its interior accommodates the six-axis parallel platform A-6 and related equipment cables, which can effectively shield the interference of high-energy ionizing radiation on the cable signals.

[0031] like Figure 4 As shown, the imaging signal detection module includes a disk-shaped detector flange B-7, an observation window B-6 and an imaging channel B-11 disposed on the detector flange B-7, an annular magnet B-9 disposed at the entrance of the imaging channel B-11, a light-blocking bracket B-10 disposed on the front side of the detector flange B-7, and a targeting laser B-8, an auxiliary camera B-5 and an imaging detection unit disposed on the rear side of the detector flange B-7, wherein the detector flange B-7 and the auxiliary camera B-5 are connected by an L-shaped bracket B-12.

[0032] The imaging detection unit includes an imaging detector B-1 located on the rear side of the detector flange B-7, stepped filter boxes B-2 located on both sides of the imaging detector B-1, an electronically controlled actuator B-3 located on the top of the stepped filter box B-2, and a vacuum gate valve B-4 located on the top of the imaging detector B-1, wherein the top outlet of the vacuum gate valve B-4 is connected to the imaging channel B-11 of the detector flange B-7.

[0033] The detector flange B-7 is used to adjust and fix the observation window B-6, the aiming laser B-8, and the auxiliary camera B-5 under vacuum conditions for bent crystal optical alignment. The observation window B-6 and the auxiliary camera B-5 are used to observe the internal state of the target chamber, thus completing the deflection of high-energy charged particles. Specifically, a ring magnet B-9 is installed with screws at the imaging channel opening inside the detector flange B-7 to deflect high-energy charged particles and prevent interference with the imaging signal. A through-beam baffle B-10 is also fixed inside the detector flange B-7 to block non-diffracted X-rays, ensuring that the detector only receives the focusing signal.

[0034] The through-beam shield B-10 is used to block non-diffracted X-rays.

[0035] The imaging detector B-1 is used to record the Zr Kα signal after the curved crystal is focused; it is compatible with X-ray CCD, scintillator + visible light camera and IP imaging board, and is connected by screws and stepped filter box B-2.

[0036] The stepped filter box B-2 is used to hold different filter sheets; an electric actuator B-3 is fixed on the stepped filter box B-2, and the filter sheets are held and driven by the actuator, which can quickly switch between different transmittance under vacuum conditions, thereby realizing multi-level signal strength control; the stepped filter box B-2 is fixedly connected to the vacuum gate valve B-4 by screws.

[0037] The electronically controlled actuator B-3 is used to switch between filters with different permeability.

[0038] The vacuum gate valve B-4 is used to isolate the vacuum environment between the main target chamber and the detection chamber; its outlet is connected to the imaging channel B-11 on the detector flange B-7.

[0039] In the specific experimental implementation, a 10 μm thick Zr target was first irradiated with a high-power laser. The interaction between the laser and the target generated a high-brightness, short-pulse characteristic Zr Kα X-ray source. This X-ray has a narrow energy spectral bandwidth and good directionality, providing a stable radiation basis for subsequent monochromatic imaging. After being transmitted through high-density plasma, the Zr Kα rays entered a toroidal curved crystal A-1 arranged at the front end of the detection system. Through its specific geometry, the toroidal curved crystal A-1 achieved Bragg diffraction and spatial focusing of the incident X-rays, thereby obtaining a monochromatic imaging signal with low aberrations and high spatial resolution on the image plane.

[0040] After being reflected and focused by a curved crystal, the monochromatic X-ray signal enters the imaging signal detection module according to a preset imaging optical path. The module's imaging channel B-11 entrance is equipped with a ring magnet B-9, which deflects or shields high-energy charged particles generated during the experiment, preventing them from interfering with the detection signal. Subsequently, the X-ray beam passes through multiple filters within the stepped filter box B-2. The filters can be selected with different thicknesses and materials according to experimental requirements to achieve graded control of X-ray transmittance, thereby obtaining appropriate signal intensity and energy spectrum windows. Filter switching is driven by an electronically controlled actuator B-3, enabling rapid selection of different energy bands under vacuum conditions without disrupting the system's vacuum environment. The pure monochromatic X-rays modulated by the filters finally enter the imaging detector B-1. The imaging detector B-1 performs spatial analysis and energy response on the focused signal, outputting high-contrast monochromatic imaging data.

[0041] The system's electrical components, including filter actuators, crystal attitude adjustment mechanisms, and light baffle opening and closing mechanisms, can all be remotely operated via an external control system, allowing for parameter adjustments and device switching without disrupting the vacuum. This design significantly improves the system's operational convenience and imaging repeatability under extreme experimental conditions, ensuring the stability and experimental repeatability of Zr Kα monochromatic X-ray imaging.

[0042] Therefore, this invention provides a high-energy hard X-ray monochromatic imaging system based on a zirconium Kα source, which can achieve high-precision optical path alignment and signal acquisition while maintaining a stable vacuum environment, realize high-resolution imaging of high-density plasma, and has the advantages of compact structure, convenient operation and remote control.

[0043] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0044] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-energy hard X-ray monochromatic imaging system based on a zirconium Kα source, characterized in that, It includes a high-power laser, a Zr target material disposed in front of the high-power laser, an imaging bending crystal adjustment module disposed in front of the Zr target material, and an imaging signal detection module disposed behind the high-power laser. The high-power laser is used to generate laser light; The Zr target is used to receive the laser and generate Zr Kα characteristic X-rays; The imaging bending crystal adjustment module is used to adjust and focus the X-rays and correct the aberrations caused when the Bragg diffraction angle deviates from normal incidence. The imaging signal detection module is used to receive X-ray focusing signals, shield high-energy charged particles, and control the spatial signal transmittance in different regions through an electric actuator.

2. The high-energy hard X-ray monochromatic imaging system based on a zirconium Kα source according to claim 1, characterized in that, The imaging curved crystal adjustment module includes a cylindrical aluminum shielding shell, a target chamber flange located at the front end of the aluminum shielding shell, a flange electrical feed interface located inside the target chamber flange, an aluminum support frame located inside the aluminum shielding shell and connected to the inside of the target chamber flange, and an imaging adjustment unit located at the rear end of the aluminum shielding shell.

3. A high-energy hard X-ray monochromatic imaging system based on a zirconium Kα source according to claim 2, characterized in that, The imaging adjustment unit includes a six-degree-of-freedom electrically controlled platform located inside the rear end of the aluminum shielding shell, an electric rotary stage located outside the rear end of the aluminum shielding shell, a single-axis electric displacement stage located at the rear end of the electric rotary stage, a crystal frame located at the rear end of the single-axis electric displacement stage, a toroidal crystal located inside the crystal frame, and a crystal baffle located at the rear end of the crystal frame. The electric rotary stage and the crystal baffle are connected by an L-shaped optical support rod.

4. A high-energy hard X-ray monochromatic imaging system based on a zirconium Kα source according to claim 3, characterized in that, The two ends of the aluminum support frame are respectively connected to the flange electrical feed interface and the six-degree-of-freedom electric control platform. The cables of the six-degree-of-freedom electric control platform, the electric rotary table and the single-axis electric displacement table are connected to the external system through the flange electrical feed interface.

5. A high-energy hard X-ray monochromatic imaging system based on a zirconium Kα source according to claim 4, characterized in that, The aluminum shielding shell is used to shield the interference of high-energy ionizing radiation on cable signals. The toroidal bent crystal is used to focus X-rays with Zr Kα characteristics. The single-axis electric displacement stage is used to adjust the position of the toroidal bent crystal through the crystal frame. The crystal baffle is used to protect the surface of the toroidal bent crystal in the non-working state. The electric rotary stage is used to control the rotation of the crystal baffle through the optical support rod. The six-degree-of-freedom electric control platform is used to control the electric rotary stage and the single-axis electric displacement stage to perform six-degree-of-freedom adjustment.

6. A high-energy hard X-ray monochromatic imaging system based on a zirconium Kα source according to claim 5, characterized in that, The imaging signal detection module includes a disk-shaped detector flange, an observation window and an imaging channel on the detector flange, an annular magnet at the entrance of the imaging channel, a light-blocking bracket on the front side of the detector flange, and a targeting laser, an auxiliary camera and an imaging detection unit on the rear side of the detector flange. The detector flange and the auxiliary camera are connected by an L-shaped bracket.

7. A high-energy hard X-ray monochromatic imaging system based on a zirconium Kα source according to claim 6, characterized in that, The imaging detection unit includes an imaging detector disposed on the rear side of the detector flange, stepped filter boxes disposed on both sides of the imaging detector, an electronically controlled actuator disposed on the top of the stepped filter boxes, and a vacuum gate valve disposed on the top of the imaging detector, wherein the top outlet of the vacuum gate valve is connected to the imaging channel of the detector flange.

8. A high-energy hard X-ray monochromatic imaging system based on a zirconium Kα source according to claim 7, characterized in that: The detector flange is used to adjust and fix the observation window, the aiming laser and the auxiliary camera under vacuum conditions, to perform bent crystal optical alignment, and to observe the internal state of the target chamber through the observation window and the auxiliary camera, so as to complete the deflection of high-energy charged particles. The through-beam shield is used to block non-diffracted X-rays; The imaging detector is used to record the Zr Kα signal after the curved crystal is focused. The stepped filter box is used to hold different filter sheets; The electronically controlled actuator is used to switch between filters with different permeability. The vacuum gate valve is used to isolate the vacuum environment between the main target chamber and the detection chamber.

Images