Reporting additional information related to sidelink positioning measurements

Abstract

Techniques for wireless communication are disclosed. In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) obtains one or more measurements on one or more sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resources, and sends a sidelink positioning measurement report to a location server or another UE, the sidelink positioning measurement report comprises at least the one or more measurements and one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the one or more measurements, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement of the one or more measurements includes a start frequency position and a size of a frequency allocation for the measurement, or the start frequency position and an end frequency position for the measurement.

Description

[0001] This patent application claims priority to Indian Patent Application No. 202341053388, filed on August 9, 2023, entitled “REPORTING ADDITIONALINFORMATION RELATED TO SIDELINK POSITIONING MEASUREMENTS”, which has been assigned to the assignee of this application and is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Background Technology 1. Technical Field

[0003] All aspects of this disclosure relate to wireless communications.

[0004] 2. Relevant Technical Descriptions

[0005] Wireless communication systems have evolved through many generations, including first-generation analog radiotelephone service (1G), second-generation (2G) digital radiotelephone service (including transitional 2.5G and 2.75G networks), third-generation (3G) high-speed data, wireless services with internet capabilities, and fourth-generation (4G) services (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) or WiMax). Currently, many different types of wireless communication systems are in use, including cellular systems and Personal Communication Services (PCS) systems. Known examples of cellular systems include cellular analog Advanced Mobile Phone Systems (AMPS), as well as digital cellular systems based on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), and others.

[0006] The fifth-generation (5G) wireless standard, known as New Radio (NR), delivers higher data speeds, more connections, better coverage, and other improvements. According to the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance, the 5G standard is designed to provide higher data rates, more accurate positioning (e.g., based on positioning reference signals (RS-P), such as downlink, uplink, or sidelink positioning reference signals (PRS)), and other technological enhancements compared to previous standards.

[0007] Furthermore, leveraging 5G's increased data rates and reduced latency, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication technology is being implemented to support autonomous driving applications, such as wireless communication between vehicles, between vehicles and roadside infrastructure, and between vehicles and pedestrians. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The following is a simplified summary of the invention relating to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Therefore, this summary should not be considered an exhaustive overview relating to all conceived aspects, nor should it be considered to identify key or decisive elements relating to all conceived aspects or to depict the scope associated with any particular aspect. Thus, the sole purpose of this summary is to present, in a simplified form, certain concepts relating to one or more aspects involving the mechanisms disclosed herein, prior to the detailed description presented below.

[0009] In one aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors being individually or in combination configured to: acquire one or more measurements of one or more sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; and transmit a sidelink positioning measurement report via the one or more transceivers to a location server or another UE, the sidelink positioning measurement report including at least the one or more measurements and one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the one or more measurements, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: the starting frequency location and the magnitude of the frequency allocation, or the starting frequency location and the ending frequency location of the measurement.

[0010] In one aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors being configured individually or in combination to: acquire one or more measurements of one or more sidelink location reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; and transmit a sidelink location measurement report via the one or more transceivers to a location server or another UE, the sidelink location measurement report including at least the one or more measurements and one or more parameters associated with the one or more measurements, wherein the one or more parameters include: an indication of whether the one or more measurements were acquired within a shared sidelink resource pool, an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are random resources, partially sensed resources, or fully sensed resources, an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are frequency-shifted, an indication of whether inter-UE coordination is enabled for the one or more measurements, an indication of channel congestion-related configuration, the location of a DC tone, or any combination thereof.

[0011] In one aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes: components for obtaining one or more measurements of one or more sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; and components for sending a sidelink positioning measurement report to a location server or another UE, the sidelink positioning measurement report including at least the one or more measurements and one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the one or more measurements, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: the starting frequency location and the magnitude of the frequency allocation, or the starting frequency location and the ending frequency location of the measurement.

[0012] In one aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes: components for obtaining one or more measurements of one or more sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; and components for sending a sidelink positioning measurement report to a location server or another UE, the sidelink positioning measurement report including at least the one or more measurements and one or more parameters associated with the one or more measurements, wherein the one or more parameters include: an indication of whether the one or more measurements were obtained within a shared sidelink resource pool, an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are random resources, partially sensed resources, or fully sensed resources, an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are frequency-shifted, an indication of whether inter-UE coordination is enabled for the one or more measurements, an indication of channel congestion-related configuration, the location of a DC tone, or any combination thereof.

[0013] In one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: obtain one or more measurements of one or more sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; and send a sidelink positioning measurement report to a location server or another UE, the sidelink positioning measurement report including at least the one or more measurements and one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the one or more measurements, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: the starting frequency position and the magnitude of the frequency allocation, or the starting frequency position and the ending frequency position of the measurement.

[0014] In one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: obtain one or more measurements of one or more sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; and send a sidelink positioning measurement report to a location server or another UE, the sidelink positioning measurement report including at least the one or more measurements and one or more parameters associated with the one or more measurements, wherein the one or more parameters include: an indication of whether the one or more measurements were obtained within a shared sidelink resource pool, an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are random resources, partially sensed resources, or fully sensed resources, an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are frequency-shifted, an indication of whether inter-UE coordination is enabled for the one or more measurements, an indication of channel congestion-related configuration, the location of a DC tone, or any combination thereof.

[0015] Based on the accompanying drawings and detailed description, other objects and advantages associated with the aspects disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings are provided to help describe various aspects of this disclosure, and are provided for illustrative purposes only and not to limit the aspects.

[0017] Figure 1 Example wireless communication systems according to various aspects of this disclosure are illustrated.

[0018] Figure 2A and Figure 2B Example wireless network architectures based on various aspects of this disclosure are illustrated.

[0019] Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3C It is a simplified block diagram of several examples of components that can be used in user equipment (UE), base stations and network entities and configured to support communications as taught herein.

[0020] Figure 4 Examples of Long Term Evolution (LTE) Location Protocol (LPP) capability transfer processes, auxiliary data transfer processes, and location information transfer processes between a target device and a location server are illustrated according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0021] Figure 5A and Figure 5B Various scenarios of interest are illustrated according to aspects of this disclosure, including sidelink-only localization or combined Uu and sidelink localization.

[0022] Figure 6This is an illustration of an example of a location resource pool configured within a sidelink resource pool for communication, according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0023] Figure 7 and Figure 8 Example methods of wireless communication according to various aspects of this disclosure are illustrated. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Various aspects of this disclosure are provided below in the description of various examples provided for illustrative purposes and in the accompanying drawings. Alternative aspects may be devised without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Additionally, well-known elements of this disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of this disclosure.

[0025] Various aspects are involved in sidelink positioning as a whole. Some aspects are more specifically involved in reporting location information. In some examples, the location information of a target user equipment (UE) based on sidelink positioning measurements can be reported to a location server. The same measurement report content can be used to report to both the location server and the UE. It is expected that the report includes identification information of the resource pool in which sidelink positioning reference signals (SL-PRS) are received. SL-PRS resources (time and frequency) should also be included in the measurement report. In one aspect, this disclosure provides options for reporting frequency domain resources associated with sidelink measurement reports. In another aspect, the UE can include additional information associated with measurement groups in the measurement report.

[0026] Specific aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by reporting frequency domain resources associated with sidelink measurement reports, the described techniques can be used to inform a location server of the exact frequency resources that have been measured, thereby improving positioning estimation based on SL-PRS measurements.

[0027] The terms “exemplary” and / or “example” are used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” and / or “example” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other aspects. Similarly, the term “aspects of this disclosure” does not require that all aspects of this disclosure include the features, advantages, or modes of operation discussed.

[0028] Those skilled in the art will understand that any of a variety of different techniques and methods can be used to represent the information and signals described below. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be mentioned throughout the following description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof, depending in part on the specific application, in part on the desired design, in part on the corresponding technology, and so on.

[0029] Furthermore, many aspects are described according to a sequence of actions to be performed by elements of, for example, a computing device. It will be appreciated that the various actions described herein can be performed by specific circuitry (e.g., an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)), by program instructions executed by one or more processors, or by a combination of both. Additionally, the sequence of actions described herein can be considered entirely embodied in any form of non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a corresponding set of computer instructions that, when executed, will cause or command the associated processor of the device to perform the functionality described herein. Therefore, various aspects of this disclosure can be embodied in a variety of different forms, all of which are contemplated within the scope of the claimed subject matter. Furthermore, for each aspect described herein, the corresponding form of any such aspect may be described herein as, for example, "logic configured to perform the described actions."

[0030] As used herein, the terms “user equipment” (UE), “vehicle UE” (V-UE), “pedestrian UE” (P-UE), and “base station” are not intended to be specific to or otherwise limited to any particular radio access technology (RAT) unless otherwise stated. In general, a UE can be any wireless communication device used by a user to communicate over a wireless communication network (e.g., vehicle onboard computer, vehicle navigation device, mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, asset location device, wearable device (e.g., smartwatch, glasses, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) headset, etc.), vehicle (e.g., car, motorcycle, bicycle, etc.), Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc.). A UE can be mobile or can (e.g., at certain times) be stationary and can communicate with a radio access network (RAN). As used herein, the term “UE” can be interchangeably referred to as “mobile device,” “access terminal” or “AT,” “client device,” “wireless device,” “subscriber equipment,” “subscriber terminal,” “subscriber station,” “user terminal” or UT,” “mobile terminal,” “mobile station,” or variations thereof.

[0031] V-UE is a type of UE and can be any in-vehicle wireless communication device, such as a navigation system, warning system, head-up display (HUD), onboard computer, in-vehicle infotainment system, automated driving system (ADS), advanced driver assistance system (ADAS), etc. Alternatively, V-UE can be a portable wireless communication device (e.g., mobile phone, tablet computer, etc.) carried by the driver or passenger of a vehicle. The term "V-UE" can refer to the in-vehicle wireless communication device or the vehicle itself, depending on the context. P-UE is a type of UE and can be a portable wireless communication device carried by a pedestrian (i.e., a user who is not driving or riding in a vehicle). Generally, the UE can communicate with the core network via the RAN, and through the core network, the UE can connect to external networks such as the Internet and to other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms for connecting the UE to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible, such as through wired access networks, wireless local area network (WLAN) networks (e.g., based on IEEE 802.11, etc.).

[0032] A base station can communicate with a UE by operating under one of several RATs based on the network in which it is deployed, and may alternatively be referred to as an Access Point (AP), Network Node, Node B, Evolved Node B (eNB), Next Generation eNB (ng-eNB), New Radio (NR) Node B (also known as gNB or gNodeB), etc. The base station is primarily used to support the UE's radio access, including supporting the UE's data, voice, and / or signaling connections. In some systems, the base station may only provide edge node signaling functions, while in others, it may provide additional control and / or network management functions. The communication link through which the UE can transmit signals to the base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., reverse traffic channel, reverse control channel, access channel, etc.). The communication link through which the base station can transmit signals to the UE is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., paging channel, control channel, broadcast channel, forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein, the term Traffic Channel (TCH) may refer to either the UL / reverse or DL / forward traffic channel.

[0033] The term "base station" can refer to a single physical transmit / receive point (TRP) or multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be co-located. For example, when the term "base station" refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP can be the antenna of a base station corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station. When the term "base station" refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP can be the antenna array of the base station (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming). When the term "base station" refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP can be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected via a transmission medium to a common source) or a remote radio headend (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station). Alternatively, a non-co-located physical TRP can be the serving base station from which the UE receives measurement reports and a neighboring base station where the UE is measuring its reference radio frequency (RF) signal. Because, as used herein, a TRP is the point by which a base station transmits and receives radio signals, references to transmitting from or receiving at a base station should be understood to refer to a specific TRP of the base station.

[0034] In some specific implementations supporting UE positioning, the base station may not support the UE's radio access (e.g., it may not support the UE's data, voice, and / or signaling connections). Instead, it may send a reference RF signal to the UE for measurement by the UE, and / or receive and measure signals sent by the UE. Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., in the case of sending RF signals to the UE) and / or as a location measurement unit (e.g., in the case of receiving and measuring RF signals from the UE).

[0035] An “RF signal” refers to an electromagnetic wave of a given frequency that transmits information across the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may send a single “RF signal” or multiple “RF signals” to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels, a receiver may receive multiple “RF signals” corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. The same transmitted RF signal on different paths between the transmitter and receiver may be referred to as a “multipath” RF signal. As used herein, an RF signal may also be referred to as a “wireless signal” or simply a “signal” where the context clearly indicates that the term “signal” refers to a wireless signal or an RF signal.

[0036] Figure 1An example wireless communication system 100 according to various aspects of this disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 (which may also be referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include various base stations 102 (labeled "BS") and various UEs 104. Base station 102 may include macro cell base stations (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cell base stations (low-power cellular base stations). In one aspect, macro cell base station 102 may include eNB and / or ng-eNB (where wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an LTE network) or gNB (where wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an NR network) or a combination of both, and small cell base stations may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.

[0037] Base station 102 can collectively form a RAN and interface with core network 170 (e.g., evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC)) via backhaul link 122, and interface with one or more location servers 172 (e.g., location management function (LMF) or secure user plane positioning (SUPL) positioning platform (SLP)) via core network 170. Location server 172 can be part of core network 170 or can be external to core network 170. Location server 172 can be integrated with base station 102. UE 104 can communicate with location server 172 directly or indirectly. For example, UE 104 can communicate with location server 172 via base station 102 currently serving UE 104. UE 104 can also communicate with location server 172 via another path, such as via application server (not shown), via another network, such as via wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) (e.g., AP 150 described below), etc. For signaling purposes, communication between UE 104 and location server 172 can be represented as an indirect connection (e.g., via core network 170, etc.) or a direct connection (e.g., as shown via direct connection 128), wherein intermediate nodes (if present) are omitted from the signaling diagram for clarity.

[0038] In addition to other functions, base station 102 may perform functions associated with one or more of the following: transmitting user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, location, and delivery of warning messages. Base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via EPC / 5GC) on backhaul link 134, which may be wired or wireless.

[0039] Base station 102 can wirelessly communicate with UE 104. Each base station in base station 102 can provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area 110. In one aspect, one or more cells can be supported by base station 102 in each geographic coverage area 110. A “cell” is a logical communication entity used to communicate with a base station (e.g., via a frequency resource, which is referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, frequency band, etc.) and can be associated with an identifier (e.g., Physical Cell Identifier (PCI), Enhanced Cell Identifier (ECI), Virtual Cell Identifier (VCI), Cell Global Identifier (CGI), etc.) used to distinguish cells operating via the same or different carrier frequencies. In some cases, different cells can be configured according to different protocol types that can provide access for different types of UEs (e.g., Machine Type Communication (MTC), Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), or other protocol types). Because a cell is supported by a specific base station, the term “cell” can refer to one or both of the logical communication entity and the base station that supports it, depending on the context. In some cases, the term "cell" can also refer to the geographic coverage area of ​​a base station (e.g., a sector), as long as the carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication within a portion of the geographic coverage area 110.

[0040] While the geographic coverage areas 110 of adjacent macro cell base stations 102 may partially overlap (e.g., in handover areas), some areas within geographic coverage areas 110 may substantially overlap with larger geographic coverage areas 110. For example, a small cell base station 102' (labeled "SC" for "small cell") may have a geographic coverage area 110' that substantially overlaps with the geographic coverage areas 110 of one or more macro cell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell base stations and macro cell base stations can be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home eNB (HeNB) that can provide service to a restricted group referred to as a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG).

[0041] The communication link 120 between base station 102 and UE 104 may include uplink (also known as reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to base station 102 and / or downlink (DL) (also known as forward link) transmission from base station 102 to UE 104. The communication link 120 may use MIMO antenna techniques, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link 120 may use one or more carrier frequencies. Carrier allocation may be asymmetric for the downlink and uplink (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to the downlink compared to the uplink).

[0042] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a WLAN access point (AP) 150 that communicates with a wireless local area network (WLAN) station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in unlicensed spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz). When communicating in unlicensed spectrum, the WLAN STA 152 and / or WLAN AP 150 may perform a free channel assessment (CCA) or listen-before-talk (LBT) process before communication to determine whether the channel is available.

[0043] Small cell base station 102' can operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in unlicensed spectrum, small cell base station 102' can employ LTE or NR technology and use the same 5GHz unlicensed spectrum as WLAN AP 150. Small cell base station 102' employing LTE / 5G in unlicensed spectrum can improve the coverage and / or increase the capacity of the access network. NR in unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as NR-U. LTE in unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as LTE-U, Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), or MULTEFIRE. ® .

[0044] The wireless communication system 100 may also include an mmW base station 180, which can operate in millimeter-wave (mmW) frequencies and / or near-mmW frequencies to communicate with the UE 182. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that contains radio frequency (RF). EHF has a range from 30 GHz to 300 GHz, with wavelengths between 1 mm and 10 mm. Radio waves in this band can be referred to as millimeter waves. Near-mmW extends down to 3 GHz with wavelengths of 100 mm. Ultra-high frequency (SHF) bands extend between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, and are also referred to as centimeter waves. Communication using mmW / near-mmW radio bands has high path loss and relatively short range. The mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 can utilize beamforming (transmit and / or receive) on the mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range. Furthermore, it should be understood that, in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also use mmW or near-mmW and beamforming for transmission. Therefore, it should be understood that the foregoing examples are merely illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the various aspects disclosed herein.

[0045] Transmit beamforming is a technique used to focus RF signals in a specific direction. Traditionally, when a network node (e.g., a base station) broadcasts an RF signal, it broadcasts the signal in all directions (omnidirectionally). Using transmit beamforming, the network node determines where a given target device (e.g., a UE) is located (relative to the transmitting network node) and projects a stronger downlink RF signal in that specific direction, thus providing the receiving device with a faster and stronger RF signal (in terms of data rate). To change the directivity of the RF signal during transmission, the network node can control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal at each of one or more transmitters broadcasting the RF signal. For example, the network node can use an array of antennas (called a "phased array" or "antenna array") that forms an RF beam that can be "manipulated" to be pointed in different directions without actually moving the antennas. Specifically, RF currents from the transmitters are fed to individual antennas with the correct phase relationship, such that radio waves from the individual antennas add up in the desired direction to increase radiation, while canceling out in the undesired direction to suppress radiation.

[0046] Transmit beams can be quasi-co-located, meaning they appear to the receiver (e.g., the UE) as having the same parameters regardless of whether the network node's own transmit antennas are physically co-located. In NR, there are four types of quasi-co-located (QCL) relationships. Specifically, a given type of QCL relationship means that certain parameters of a second reference RF signal on a second beam can be derived based on information about the source reference RF signal on the source beam. Therefore, if the source reference RF signal is QCL type A, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type B, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and Doppler spread of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type C, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and average delay of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is of type QCL D, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the spatial reception parameters of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.

[0047] In receive beamforming, a receiver uses a receive beam to amplify an RF signal detected on a given channel. For example, the receiver may increase the gain setting of an antenna array in a particular direction and / or adjust the phase setting of the antenna array in a particular direction to amplify the RF signal received from that direction (e.g., increase its gain level). Therefore, when a receiver is described as performing beamforming in a certain direction, it means that the beam gain in that direction is high relative to the beam gain along other directions, or that the beam gain in that direction is the highest compared to the beam gain of all other receive beams available to the receiver in that direction. This results in a stronger received signal strength (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), etc.) of the RF signal received from that direction.

[0048] The transmit and receive beams can be spatially correlated. Spatial correlation means that parameters for a second beam (e.g., transmit or receive beam) for a second reference signal can be derived based on information about a first beam (e.g., receive or transmit beam) for a first reference signal. For example, a UE can use a specific receive beam to receive a reference downlink reference signal (e.g., a synchronization signal block (SSB)) from a base station. The UE can then form a transmit beam for transmitting an uplink reference signal (e.g., a sounding reference signal (SRS)) to that base station based on the parameters of the receive beam.

[0049] It is important to note that, depending on the entity forming the "downlink" beam, the beam can be either a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, if the base station is forming a downlink beam to transmit a reference signal to the UE, the downlink beam is a transmit beam. However, if the UE is forming a downlink beam, the downlink beam is a receive beam for receiving the downlink reference signal. Similarly, depending on the entity forming the "uplink" beam, the beam can be either a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, if the base station is forming an uplink beam, the uplink beam is an uplink receive beam, while if the UE is forming an uplink beam, the uplink beam is an uplink transmit beam.

[0050] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc., based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been designated as frequency ranges FR1 (410MHz to 7.125GHz) and FR2 (24.25GHz to 52.6GHz). It should be understood that although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6GHz, in various documents and articles, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "sub-6GHz" band. A similar naming issue sometimes occurs with FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although this differs from the designation used by the International Telecommunication Union.® Extremely high frequency (EHF) bands (30 GHz to 300 GHz) are designated as “millimeter wave” bands.

[0051] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as intermediate frequency (IF) bands. Recent 5G NR studies have designated the operating bands for these IF bands as the frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz). Bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 and / or FR2 characteristics, thus effectively extending the features of FR1 and / or FR2 to IF band frequencies. Furthermore, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been designated as the frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz to 71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz to 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz to 300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0052] In light of the above, unless otherwise specifically stated, it should be understood that when the term "below 6 GHz" is used herein, it can broadly refer to frequencies less than 6 GHz, within FR1, or including intermediate frequency band frequencies. Furthermore, unless otherwise specifically stated, it should be understood that when the term "millimeter wave" is used herein, it can broadly refer to frequencies that can include intermediate frequency band frequencies, within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1 and / or FR5, or within the EHF band.

[0053] In multi-carrier systems such as 5G, one of the carrier frequencies is referred to as the "primary carrier," "anchor carrier," "primary serving cell," or "PCell," and the remaining carrier frequencies are referred to as "secondary carriers," "secondary serving cells," or "SCell." In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is the carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) used by UE 104 / 182 and the cell, where UE 104 / 182 performs an initial Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates an RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carrier carries all common and UE-specific control channels and can be a carrier on a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case). The secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2) that can be configured and used to provide additional radio resources once an RRC connection is established between UE 104 and the anchor carrier. In some cases, the secondary carrier can be a carrier on an unlicensed frequency. Secondary carriers may contain only the necessary signaling information and signals. For example, since the primary uplink and primary downlink carriers are typically UE-specific, the UE-specific signaling information and signals may not be present in the secondary carrier. This means that different UEs 104 / 182 within a cell can have different downlink primary carriers. The same applies to the uplink primary carrier. The network can change the primary carrier of any UE 104 / 182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance the load on different carriers. Since a "serving cell" (whether PCell or SCell) corresponds to the carrier frequency / component carrier through which a base station communicates, the terms "cell," "serving cell," "component carrier," and "carrier frequency" can be used interchangeably.

[0054] For example, still refer to Figure 1 One of the frequencies used by macro cell base station 102 can be an anchor carrier (or "PCell"), and the other frequencies used by macro cell base station 102 and / or mmW base station 180 can be secondary carriers ("SCell"). Simultaneous transmission and / or reception on multiple carriers allows UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission and / or reception rates. For example, compared to the data rate obtained by a single 20MHz carrier, two aggregated 20MHz carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically result in a doubling of the data rate (i.e., 40MHz).

[0055] exist Figure 1 In the example, the UE shown (for simplicity, in) Figure 1Any UE (shown as a single UE 104) can receive signal 124 from one or more Earth-orbiting spacecraft (SV) 112 (e.g., satellites). In one aspect, SV 112 may be part of a satellite positioning system that allows UE 104 to use as an independent source of location information. Satellite positioning systems typically include a system of transmitters (e.g., SV 112) positioned such that a receiver (e.g., UE 104) can determine its location on or above the Earth based at least in part on positioning signals (e.g., signal 124) received from the transmitters. Such transmitters typically transmit signals marked with a set number of repeating pseudo-random noise (PN) codes. While typically located in SV 112, transmitters may sometimes be located at ground-based control stations, base stations 102, and / or other UEs 104. UE 104 may include one or more dedicated receivers specifically designed to receive signal 124 in order to derive geographic location information from SV 112.

[0056] In a satellite positioning system, the use of signal 124 can be enhanced by various satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS), which may be associated with or otherwise made capable of being used with one or more global and / or regional navigation satellite systems. For example, SBAS may include augmentation systems that provide integrity information, differential correction, etc., such as Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), European Geostationary Navigation Overlap Service (EGNOS), Multifunctional Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS), GPS-assisted geographic augmentation navigation, or GPS and geographic augmentation navigation system (GAGAN). Therefore, as used herein, a satellite positioning system may include any combination of one or more global and / or regional navigation satellites associated with such one or more satellite positioning systems.

[0057] On one hand, SV 112 may additionally or alternatively be part of one or more non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). In an NTN, SV 112 connects to an earth station (also referred to as a ground station, NTN gateway, or gateway), which in turn connects to elements in the 5G network, such as the modified base station 102 (without a ground antenna) or network nodes in a 5GC. This element, in turn, provides access to other elements in the 5G network and ultimately to entities outside the 5G network, such as internet web servers and other user equipment. Thus, as a replacement or supplement to communication signals from the ground base station 102, UE 104 can receive communication signals (e.g., signal 124) from SV 112.

[0058] Leveraging the increased data rates and reduced latency of NR (Radio Frequency I / O), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication technology is being implemented to support Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications, such as wireless communication between vehicles (V2V), between vehicles and roadside infrastructure (V2I), and between vehicles and pedestrians (V2P). The goal is to enable vehicles to sense their surroundings and communicate that information to other vehicles, infrastructure, and personal mobile devices. This type of vehicle communication will achieve safety, mobility, and environmental improvements that current technologies cannot provide. Once fully realized, this technology is expected to reduce collisions involving undamaged vehicles by 80%.

[0059] Still referencing Figure 1 The wireless communication system 100 may include multiple V-UEs 160, which can communicate with base station 102 on communication link 120 using a Uu interface (i.e., the air interface between the UE and the base station). V-UEs 160 can also communicate directly with each other on wireless sidelink 162, with roadside unit (RSU) 164 (roadside access point) on wireless sidelink 166, or with sidelink-capable UE 104 on wireless sidelink 168 using a PC5 interface (i.e., the air interface between UEs with sidelink capability). A wireless sidelink (or simply "sidelink") is an adaptation of core cellular network (e.g., LTE, NR) standards that allows direct communication between two or more UEs without requiring communication through a base station. Sidelink communication can be unicast or multicast and can be used for device-to-device (D2D) media sharing, V2V communication, V2X communication (e.g., cellular V2X (cV2X) communication, enhanced V2X (eV2X) communication, emergency rescue applications, etc. One or more V-UEs in a group of V-UEs 160 utilizing sidelink communication may be within the geographic coverage area 110 of base station 102. Other V-UEs 160 in such a group may be outside the geographic coverage area 110 of base station 102, or may be unable to receive transmissions from base station 102 for other reasons. In some cases, the groups of V-UEs 160 communicating via sidelink communication may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system, where each V-UE 160 transmits to every other V-UE 160 in the group. In some cases, base station 102 facilitates the scheduling of resources for sidelink communication. In other cases, sidelink communication is performed between V-UEs 160 without involving base station 102.

[0060] On one hand, sidelinks 162, 166, and 168 can operate via a wireless communication medium of interest, which can be shared with other vehicles and / or infrastructure access points and other wireless communications between other RATs. “Medium” can include one or more time, frequency, and / or space communication resources (e.g., covering one or more channels across one or more carriers) associated with wireless communication between one or more transmitter / receiver pairs.

[0061] On one hand, sidelinks 162, 166, and 168 can be cV2X links. First-generation cV2X has been standardized in LTE, and the next generation is expected to be defined in NR. cV2X is a cellular technology that also enables device-to-device communication. In the United States and Europe, cV2X is expected to operate in licensed ITS bands below 6 GHz. Other bands may be allocated in other countries. Thus, as a specific example, the medium of interest utilized by sidelinks 162, 166, and 168 may correspond to at least a portion of licensed ITS bands below 6 GHz. However, this disclosure is not limited to this band or cellular technology.

[0062] On one hand, sidelinks 162, 166, and 168 can be Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) links. DSRC is a one-way or two-way short-to-medium-range wireless communication protocol that uses the Vehicle Environment Wireless Access (WAVE) protocol (also known as IEEE 802.11p) for V2V, V2I, and V2P communications. IEEE 802.11p is an approved modification of the IEEE 802.11 standard and operates in the licensed ITS band of 5.9 GHz (5.85 GHz–5.925 GHz) in the United States. In Europe, IEEE 802.11p operates in the ITS G5A band (5.875 GHz–5.905 MHz). Other bands may be allocated in other countries. The V2V communications briefly described above occur on a secure channel, which in the United States is typically a 10 MHz channel dedicated to security purposes. The remainder of the DSRC band (total bandwidth of 75MHz) is intended for other services of interest to drivers, such as road rules, toll collection, parking automation, etc. Therefore, as a specific example, the media of interest utilized by side links 162, 166, and 168 may correspond to at least a portion of the licensed ITS band at 5.9GHz.

[0063] Alternatively, the medium of interest may correspond to at least a portion of unlicensed frequency bands shared among various RATs. While different licensed frequency bands have been reserved for certain communication systems (e.g., by government entities such as the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC), these systems (particularly those employing small cell access points) have recently expanded their operations to unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) bands used by wireless local area network (WLAN) technologies, most notably the IEEE 802.11xWLAN technology commonly referred to as "Wi-Fi"). Example systems of this type include various variants of CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), and so on.

[0064] Communication between V-UEs 160 is referred to as V2V communication, communication between V-UE 160 and one or more RSUs 164 is referred to as V2I communication, and communication between V-UE 160 and one or more UEs 104 (where these UEs 104 are P-UEs) is referred to as V2P communication. V2V communication between V-UEs 160 may include information such as the location, speed, acceleration, heading, and other vehicle data of these V-UEs 160. V2I information received at a V-UE 160 from the one or more RSUs 164 may include, for example, road rules, parking automation information, etc. V2P communication between V-UE 160 and UE 104 may include information such as the location, speed, acceleration, and heading of V-UE 160, and the location, speed (e.g., in the case where UE 104 is carried by a cyclist), and heading of UE 104.

[0065] It should be noted that, although Figure 1 Only two UEs in the UE list are exemplified as V-UEs (V-UE 160), but any UE in the exemplified UEs (e.g., UE 104, 152, 182, 190) can be V-UEs. Furthermore, although only these V-UEs 160 and a single UE 104 have been exemplified as connected via a sidelink, Figure 1Any of the illustrated UEs, whether V-UE, P-UE, etc., may be capable of sidelink communication. Furthermore, although only UE 182 is described as capable of beamforming, any of the illustrated UEs (including V-UE 160) may be capable of beamforming. When V-UE 160 is capable of beamforming, it can beamform towards each other (i.e., towards other V-UEs 160), towards RSU 164, towards other UEs (e.g., UEs 104, 152, 182, 190), etc. Therefore, in some cases, V-UE 160 may utilize beamforming on sidelinks 162, 166, and 168.

[0066] The wireless communication system 100 may also include one or more UEs (such as UE 190) indirectly connected to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links. Figure 1 In one example, UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of UEs 104 connected to one of the base stations 102 (e.g., UE 190 can indirectly obtain cellular connectivity through this D2D P2P link), and a D2D P2P link 194 with a WLANSTA 152 connected to a WLAN AP 150 (UE 190 can indirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity through this D2D P2P link). In one example, D2D P2P links 192 and 194 can utilize any known D2D RAT (such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), Wi-Fi Direct). ® ,Bluetooth ® (etc.) to support this. As another example, D2D P2P links 192 and 194 can be side links, as described above with reference to side links 162, 166 and 168.

[0067] Figure 2AAn example wireless network architecture 200 is illustrated. For instance, the 5GC 210 (also referred to as the Next Generation Core (NGC)) can be functionally viewed as control plane (C-plane) functions 214 (e.g., UE registration, authentication, network access, gateway selection, etc.) and user plane (U-plane) functions 212 (e.g., UE gateway functions, access to data networks, IP routing, etc.), which work together to form the core network. The user plane interface (NG-U) 213 and the control plane interface (NG-C) 215 connect the gNB 222 to the 5GC 210, specifically to user plane functions 212 and control plane functions 214, respectively. In an additional configuration, the ng-eNB 224 can also connect to the 5GC 210 via the NG-C 215 to the control plane function 214 and the NG-U 213 to the user plane function 212. Furthermore, the ng-eNB 224 can communicate directly with the gNB 222 via a backhaul connection 223. In some configurations, the next-generation RAN (NG-RAN) 220 may have one or more gNBs 222, while other configurations include one or more of both ng-eNBs 224 and gNBs 222. Either or both of the gNBs 222 or ng-eNBs 224 can communicate with one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any of the UEs described herein).

[0068] Another optional aspect may include a location server 230, which can communicate with the 5GC 210 to provide location assistance to the UE 204. The location server 230 may be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules distributed across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively, each may correspond to a single server. The location server 230 may be configured to support one or more location services for the UE 204, which may be connected to the location server 230 via the core network, the 5GC 210, and / or via the Internet (not illustrated). Furthermore, the location server 230 may be integrated into a component of the core network, or alternatively, may be located outside the core network (e.g., a third-party server, such as an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) server or a service server).

[0069] Figure 2B Another example wireless network architecture 240.5GC 260 is illustrated (which can be used with...). Figure 2AThe 5GC 210 (corresponding to 5GC 210) can be functionally considered as a control plane function provided by the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 264 and a user plane function provided by the User Plane Function (UPF) 262, which work together to form the core network (i.e., 5GC 260). The functions of AMF 264 include: registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception, transmission of session management (SM) messages between one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any of the UEs described herein) and the Session Management Function (SMF) 266, a transparent proxy service for routing SM messages, access authentication and access authorization, transmission of short message service (SMS) messages between UE 204 and the Short Message Service Function (SMSF) (not shown), and Secure Anchoring Functionality (SEAF). AMF 264 also interacts with the Authentication Server Function (AUSF) (not shown) and UE 204 and receives an intermediate key established as a result of the UE 204's authentication process. In the case of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) authentication, AMF 264 retrieves security material from the AMF. AMF 264 also includes Security Context Management (SCM). The SCM receives a key from the SEAF and uses this key to derive an access network-specific key. AMF 264 functionality also includes location service management for regulatory services, transmission of location service messages between UE 204 and Location Management Function (LMF) 270 (which acts as location server 230), transmission of location service messages between NG-RAN 220 and LMF 270, Evolved Packet System (EPS) bearer identifier allocation for EPS interoperability, and UE 204 mobility event notification. Furthermore, AMF 264 also supports non-3GPP... ® (Third Generation Partner Program) Access network functionality.

[0070] The functions of UPF 262 include: acting as an anchor point for intra-RAT / inter-RAT mobility (where applicable), acting as an external Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session point interconnecting to a data network (not shown), providing packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., strobing, redirection, traffic steering), lawful eavesdropping (user plane collection), traffic usage reporting, quality of service (QoS) processing for the user plane (e.g., uplink / downlink rate enforcement, reflective QoS marking in the downlink), uplink traffic verification (Service Data Flow (SDF) to QoS flow mapping), transport-level packet marking in the uplink and downlink, downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering, and delivering and forwarding one or more "end markers" to the source RAN node. UPF 262 can also support the delivery of location service messages between UE 204 and location servers (such as SLP 272) on the user plane.

[0071] The functions of SMF 266 include session management, UE Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and control of user plane functions, service orientation configuration at UPF 262 for routing services to the correct destination, partial control of policy enforcement and QoS, and downlink data notification. The interface through which SMF 266 communicates with AMF 264 is called the N11 interface.

[0072] Another optional aspect may include an LMF 270, which can communicate with the 5GC 260 to provide location assistance to the UE 204. The LMF 270 can be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules distributed across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively, each can correspond to a single server. The LMF 270 can be configured to support one or more location services for the UE 204, which can connect to the LMF 270 via the core network, the 5GC 260, and / or via the Internet (not illustrated). SLP 272 can support similar functions to LMF 270, but while LMF 270 can communicate with AMF 264, NG-RAN 220, and UE 204 on the control plane (e.g., using interfaces and protocols designed to transmit signaling messages rather than voice or data), SLP 272 can communicate with UE 204 and external clients (e.g., third-party server 274) on the user plane (e.g., using protocols designed to carry voice and / or data, such as Transmit Control Protocol (TCP) and / or IP).

[0073] Another optional aspect may include a third-party server 274, which can communicate with LMF 270, SLP 272, 5GC 260 (e.g., via AMF 264 and / or UPF 262), NG-RAN 220, and / or UE 204 to obtain location information (e.g., location estimation) of UE 204. Therefore, in some cases, the third-party server 274 may be referred to as a Location Services (LCS) client or an external client. The third-party server 274 may be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules distributed across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively, each may correspond to a single server.

[0074] User plane interface 263 and control plane interface 265 connect 5GC 260, and specifically connect UPF 262 and AMF 264 to one or more gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224 in NG-RAN 220. The interface between gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224 and AMF 264 is referred to as the "N2" interface, while the interface between gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224 and UPF 262 is referred to as the "N3" interface. The gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224 of NG-RAN 220 can communicate directly with each other via backhaul connection 223, referred to as the "Xn-C" interface. One or more of gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224 can communicate with one or more UEs 204 via a radio interface referred to as the "Uu" interface.

[0075] The functionality of the gNB 222 is divided among the gNB Central Unit (gNB-CU) 226, one or more gNB Distributed Units (gNB-DU) 228, and one or more gNB Radio Units (gNB-RU) 229. The gNB-CU 226 is a logical node that includes base station functions other than those specifically allocated to the gNB-DU 228, including user data delivery, mobility control, radio access network sharing, location, session management, etc. More specifically, the gNB-CU 226 typically hosts the Radio Resource Control (RRC), Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) protocols of the gNB 222. The gNB-DU 228 is a logical node that typically hosts the Radio Link Control (RLC) and Media Access Control (MAC) layers of the gNB 222. Its operation is controlled by the gNB-CU 226. One gNB-DU 228 can support one or more cells, and a cell is supported by only one gNB-DU 228. The interface 232 between gNB-CU 226 and one or more gNB-DU 228 is referred to as the "F1" interface. The physical (PHY) layer functionality of gNB 222 is typically managed by one or more independent gNB-RU 229s, which perform functions such as power amplification and signal transmission / reception. The interface between gNB-DU 228 and gNB-RU 229 is referred to as the "Fx" interface. Therefore, UE 204 communicates with gNB-CU 226 via the RRC, SDAP, and PDCP layers, with gNB-DU 228 via the RLC and MAC layers, and with gNB-RU 229 via the PHY layer.

[0076] Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3C Several example components (represented by corresponding boxes) are illustrated, which can be incorporated into UE 302 (which may correspond to any UE described herein), base station 304 (which may correspond to any base station described herein), and network entity 306 (which may correspond to or embody any network function described herein, including location server 230 and LMF 270, or alternatively may be independent of UE 302). Figure 2A and Figure 2BThe NG-RAN 220 and / or 5GC 210 / 260 infrastructures depicted herein (such as dedicated networks) are used to support the operations described herein. It should be understood that these components can be implemented in different specific implementations in different types of devices (e.g., in ASICs, in System-on-Chip (SoCs), etc.). The illustrated components can also be incorporated into other devices in the communication system. For example, other devices in the system may include components similar to those described as providing similar functionality. Furthermore, a given device may contain one or more of these components. For example, a device may include multiple transceiver components that enable the device to operate on multiple carriers and / or communicate via different technologies.

[0077] UE 302 and base station 304 each include one or more Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN) transceivers 310 and 350, which provide components (e.g., components for transmitting, components for receiving, components for measuring, components for tuning, components for blocking transmission, etc.) for communication via one or more wireless communication networks (not shown), such as NR networks, LTE networks, GSM networks, etc. WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may each be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356 for communication with other network nodes (such as other UEs, access points, base stations (e.g., eNB, gNB), etc.) via at least one designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc.) through a wireless communication medium of interest (e.g., a time / frequency resource set in a specific spectrum). WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 can be configured in different ways to transmit and encode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, etc.) according to a specified RAT, and conversely, to receive and decode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, etc.). Specifically, WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 each include: one or more transmitters 314 and 354 for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358, respectively; and one or more receivers 312 and 352 for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358, respectively.

[0078] In at least some cases, UE 302 and base station 304 each further include one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360, respectively. Short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 can be connected to one or more antennas 326 and 366, respectively, and provide access over a wireless communication medium of interest via at least one designated RAT (e.g., Wi-Fi, LTE Direct, Bluetooth). ® ZIGBEE ® Z-WAVE ® Components (e.g., components for transmitting, components for receiving, components for measuring, components for tuning, components for blocking transmission, etc.) that enable communication between PC5, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC), Wireless Access for Vehicle Environments (WAVE), Near Field Communication (NFC), Ultra-Wideband (UWB), etc.) and other network nodes (such as other UEs, access points, base stations, etc.). Short-range transceivers 320 and 360 can be configured in different ways to transmit and encode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, etc.) respectively according to a specified RAT, and conversely, to receive and decode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, etc.) respectively. Specifically, the short-range wireless transceiver 320 and short-range wireless transceiver 360 each include: one or more transmitters 324 and 364 respectively for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368, and one or more receivers 322 and 362 respectively for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368. As a specific example, the short-range wireless transceiver 320 and short-range wireless transceiver 360 can be Wi-Fi transceivers, Bluetooth transceivers, etc. ® Transceiver, Zigbee ® and / or Z-WAVE ® Transceivers, NFC transceivers, UWB transceivers, or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and / or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) transceivers.

[0079] In at least some cases, UE 302 and base station 304 also include satellite signal receivers 330 and 370. Satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 can be connected to one or more antennas 336 and 376 respectively, and can provide components for receiving and / or measuring satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378 respectively. Where satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 are satellite positioning system receivers, satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378 can be Global Positioning System (GPS) signals, Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) signals, etc. ®The signals include Galileo signals, BeiDou signals, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (NAVIC), Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), etc. When satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 are non-terrestrial network (NTN) receivers, satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378 can be communication signals originating from a 5G network (e.g., carrying control and / or user data). Satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 can include any suitable hardware and / or software for receiving and processing satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378, respectively. Satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may request information and operations from other systems as needed, and in at least some cases, use measurements obtained by any suitable satellite positioning system algorithm to perform calculations to determine the locations of UE 302 and base station 304, respectively.

[0080] Base station 304 and network entity 306 each include one or more network transceivers 380 and 390, which provide components (e.g., transmitting components, receiving components, etc.) for communicating with other network entities (e.g., other base stations 304, other network entities 306). For example, base station 304 may use one or more network transceivers 380 to communicate with other base stations 304 or network entities 306 via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links. Similarly, network entity 306 may use one or more network transceivers 390 to communicate with one or more base stations 304 via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links, or to communicate with other network entities 306 via one or more wired or wireless core network interfaces.

[0081] Transceivers can be configured to communicate via wired or wireless links. A transceiver (whether wired or wireless) includes transmitter circuitry (e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) and receiver circuitry (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362). In some embodiments, the transceiver may be an integrated device (e.g., implementing transmitter and receiver circuitry in a single device), in some embodiments it may include separate transmitter and receiver circuitry, or in other embodiments it may be implemented in a different manner. The transmitter and receiver circuitry of a wired transceiver (e.g., network transceiver 380 and network transceiver 390 in some embodiments) may be coupled to one or more wired network interface ports. Wireless transmitter circuitry (e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) may include or be coupled to multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, which allows the corresponding device (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform transmit beamforming, as described herein. Similarly, wireless receiver circuitry (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362) may include or be coupled to multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, which allows the corresponding device (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform receive beamforming, as described herein. In one aspect, the transmitter and receiver circuitry may share the same multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such that the corresponding device may perform only receive or only transmit at a given time, rather than both receive and transmit simultaneously. Wireless transceivers (e.g., WWAN transceivers 310 and 350, short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360) may also include network listening modules (NLMs) for performing various measurements.

[0082] As used herein, various wireless transceivers (e.g., transceivers 310, 320, 350, and 360 in some specific embodiments, and network transceivers 380 and 390) and wired transceivers (e.g., network transceivers 380 and 390 in some specific embodiments) may generally be described as "transceiver," "at least one transceiver," or "one or more transceivers." Therefore, whether a particular transceiver is a wired or wireless transceiver can be inferred from the type of communication performed. For example, backhaul communication between network devices or servers typically involves signaling via a wired transceiver, while wireless communication between a UE (e.g., UE 302) and a base station (e.g., base station 304) will typically involve signaling via a wireless transceiver.

[0083] UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 also include other components that can be used in conjunction with the operation disclosed herein. UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 each include one or more processors 332, 384, and 394 for providing functionality related to, for example, wireless communication, and for providing other processing functionality. Thus, processors 332, 384, and 394 may provide components for processing, such as components for determining, components for calculating, components for receiving, components for transmitting, components for indicating, etc. In one aspect, processors 332, 384, and 394 may include, for example, one or more general-purpose processors, multi-core processors, central processing units (CPUs), ASICs, digital signal processors (DSPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), other programmable logic devices or processing circuits, or various combinations thereof.

[0084] UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 each include memory circuitry implementing memories 340, 386, and 396 (e.g., each including a memory device) for maintaining information (e.g., information indicating reserved resources, thresholds, parameters, etc.). Therefore, memories 340, 386, and 396 can provide components for storage, retrieval, maintenance, etc. In some cases, UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 may each include positioning components 342, 388, and 398. Positioning components 342, 388, and 398 may be hardware circuitry that is part of or coupled to processors 332, 384, and 394, respectively, which, when executed, cause UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. In other aspects, positioning components 342, 388, and 398 may be external to processors 332, 384, and 394 (e.g., part of a modem processing system, integrated with another processing system, etc.). Alternatively, positioning components 342, 388, and 398 may be memory modules stored in memories 340, 386, and 396, respectively, which, when executed by processors 332, 384, and 394 (or modem processing system, another processing system, etc.), enable UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. Figure 3A Possible locations for the positioning component 342 are illustrated. The positioning component may be part of, for example, one or more WWAN transceivers 310, memory 340, one or more processors 332, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component. Figure 3BPossible locations for the positioning component 388 are illustrated. The positioning component may be part of, for example, one or more WWAN transceivers 350, memory 386, one or more processors 384, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component. Figure 3C Possible locations for the positioning component 398 are illustrated. The positioning component may be part of, for example, one or more network transceivers 390, memory 396, one or more processors 394, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component.

[0085] UE 302 may include one or more sensors 344 coupled to one or more processors 332 to provide components for sensing or detecting motion and / or orientation information independent of motion data derived from signals received by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320, and / or satellite signal receivers 330. By way of example, sensor 344 may include accelerometers (e.g., microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices), gyroscopes, geomagnetic sensors (e.g., compasses), altimeters (e.g., barometric altimeters), and / or any other type of motion detection sensor. Furthermore, sensor 344 may include multiple different types of devices and combine their outputs to provide motion information. For example, sensor 344 may use a combination of multi-axis accelerometers and orientation sensors to provide the ability to calculate positioning in two-dimensional (2D) and / or three-dimensional (3D) coordinate systems.

[0086] In addition, UE 302 includes a user interface 346 that provides components for providing instructions to a user (e.g., audible and / or visual instructions) and / or for receiving user input (e.g., when the user actuates a sensing device such as a keypad, touchscreen, microphone, etc.). Although not shown, base station 304 and network entity 306 may also include user interfaces.

[0087] Referring more specifically to one or more processors 384, in the downlink, IP packets from network entity 306 can be provided to processor 384. One or more processors 384 can implement functionality for the RRC layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and Media Access Control (MAC) layer. One or more processors 384 may provide: RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting system information (e.g., Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-RAT mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the delivery of upper-layer PDUs, error correction via Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC Service Data Units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, scheduling information reporting, error correction, priority processing, and logical channel priority ordering.

[0088] Transmitter 354 and receiver 352 implement Layer 1 (L1) functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, including the physical (PHY) layer, may include: error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) decoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. Transmitter 354 processes the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The decoded and modulated symbols can then be split into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domains, and then combined using inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a stream of time-domain OFDM symbols. The OFDM symbol stream is spatially pre-decoded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from the channel estimator can be used to determine the decoding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimates can be derived based on reference signals transmitted by UE 302 and / or channel condition feedback. Each spatial stream can then be provided to one or more different antennas 356. The transmitter 354 can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate an RF carrier for transmission.

[0089] At UE 302, receiver 312 receives signals via its corresponding antenna 316. Receiver 312 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides this information to one or more processors 332. Transmitter 314 and receiver 312 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Receiver 312 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for UE 302. If multiple spatial streams are destined for UE 302, they can be combined by receiver 312 into a single OFDM symbol stream. Receiver 312 then uses a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to transform the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, along with the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most probable signal constellation points transmitted by base station 304. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by a channel estimator. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted by base station 304 on the physical channel. Then, data and control signals are provided to one or more processors 332, which implement layer 3 (L3) and layer 2 (L2) functionality.

[0090] In the downlink, one or more processors 332 provide demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between the transport and logical channels to recover IP packets from the core network. One or more processors 332 are also responsible for error detection.

[0091] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with downlink transmissions performed by base station 304, one or more processors 332 provide: RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connectivity, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with upper-layer PDU delivery, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ), priority processing, and logical channel priority ordering.

[0092] The channel estimate derived by the channel estimator from the reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 304 can be used by the transmitter 314 to select an appropriate decoding and modulation scheme and facilitate spatial processing. The spatial stream generated by the transmitter 314 can be provided to different antennas 316. The transmitter 314 can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate the RF carrier for transmission.

[0093] Uplink transmissions are processed at base station 304 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver function at UE 302. Receiver 352 receives signals via its corresponding antenna 356. Receiver 352 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides this information to one or more processors 384.

[0094] In the uplink, one or more processors 384 provide demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between the transport channel and the logical channel to recover IP packets from UE 302. IP packets from one or more processors 384 can be provided to the core network. One or more processors 384 are also responsible for error detection.

[0095] For convenience, UE 302, base station 304 and / or network entity 306 are in Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3C The document is shown as including various components that can be configured according to the various examples described herein. However, it should be understood that the illustrated components may have different functionalities in different designs. In particular, Figures 3A to 3C Various components are optional in alternative configurations, and various aspects include configurations that can vary due to design choices, cost, equipment usage, or other considerations. For example, in Figure 3A In certain cases, specific implementations of UE 302 may omit WWAN transceiver 310 (e.g., wearable devices, tablets, personal computers (PCs), or laptops may have Wi-Fi and / or Bluetooth). ® (e.g., cellular only), or the short-range wireless transceiver 320 can be omitted (e.g., cellular only), or the satellite signal receiver 330 can be omitted, or the sensor 344 can be omitted, etc. For example, in Figure 3B In certain cases, specific implementations of base station 304 may omit WWAN transceiver 350 (e.g., a Wi-Fi "hotspot" access point without cellular capabilities), or short-range wireless transceiver 360 (e.g., cellular only), or satellite signal receiver 370, etc. For the sake of brevity, examples of various alternative configurations are not provided herein, but will be readily understood by those skilled in the art.

[0096] Various components of UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 can be communicatively coupled to each other via data buses 334, 382, ​​and 392, respectively. In one aspect, data buses 334, 382, ​​and 392 can form or be part of the communication interfaces of UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306, respectively. For example, in cases where different logical entities are embodied in the same device (e.g., gNB and location server functionality integrated into the same base station 304), data buses 334, 382, ​​and 392 can provide communication between these different logical entities.

[0097] Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3C The components can be implemented in various ways. In some specific implementations, Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3C The components can be implemented in one or more circuits, such as, for example, one or more processors and / or one or more ASICs (which may include one or more processors). Here, each circuit may use and / or combine at least one memory component for storing information or executable code used by the circuit to provide that functionality. For example, some or all of the functionalities represented by blocks 310 to 346 may be implemented by the processor and memory components of UE 302 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). Similarly, some or all of the functionalities represented by blocks 350 to 388 may be implemented by the processor and memory components of base station 304 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). Moreover, some or all of the functionalities represented by blocks 390 to 398 may be implemented by the processor and memory components of network entity 306 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). For simplicity, various operations, actions, and / or functions are described herein as being performed "by the UE," "by the base station," "by the network entity," etc. However, as will be understood, such operations, actions and / or functions can actually be performed by specific components or combinations of components of the UE 302, base station 304, network entity 306, etc. (such as processors 332, 384, 394, transceivers 310, 320, 350 and 360, memory 340, 386 and 396, positioning components 342, 388 and 398, etc.).

[0098] In some designs, network entity 306 may be implemented as a core network component. In other designs, network entity 306 may operate differently from the network operator or cellular network infrastructure (e.g., NG RAN 220 and / or 5GC 210 / 260). For example, network entity 306 may be a component of a private network that can be configured to communicate with UE 302 via base station 304 or independently of base station 304 (e.g., via a non-cellular communication link such as Wi-Fi).

[0099] The Long Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) is used point-to-point between a location server (e.g., LMF 270) and a target device (e.g., UE) to locate the target device using positioning-related measurements obtained from one or more reference sources (physical entities or portions of physical entities that provide signals measurable by the target device to obtain the location of the target device). An LPP session is used between the location server and the target device to obtain positioning-related measurements or location estimates, or to transfer auxiliary data. Currently, a single LPP session is used to support a single location request, and multiple LPP sessions can be used between the same endpoints to support multiple different location requests. Each LPP session includes one or more LPP transactions (or procedures), where each LPP transaction performs a single operation (capability exchange, auxiliary data transfer, or location information transfer). Each LPP transaction involves the exchange of one or more LPP messages between the location server and the target device. The general format of an LPP message consists of a set of common fields followed by a body. The body (which may be empty) contains information specific to a particular message type. Each message type contains information specific to one or more positioning methods and / or information common to all positioning methods.

[0100] An LPP session typically includes at least a capability transfer or instruction process, an auxiliary data transfer or delivery process, and a location information transfer or delivery process. Figure 4 Examples of LPP capability transfer process 410, LPP auxiliary data transfer process 430, and LPP location information transfer process 450 between a target device (labeled "target") and a location server (labeled "server") according to various aspects of this disclosure are illustrated.

[0101] The purpose of LPP capability transfer procedure 410 is to enable the transfer of capabilities from a target device (e.g., UE 204) to a location server (e.g., LMF 270). In this context, capabilities refer to location and protocol capabilities associated with LPP, as well as location methods supported by LPP. In LPP capability transfer procedure 410, the location server (e.g., LMF 270) indicates the type of capability required by the target device (e.g., UE 204) in an LPP request capability message. The target device responds with an LPP provide capability message. The capabilities included in the LPP provide capability message should correspond to any capability type specified in the LPP request capability message. Specifically, for each location method for which a request for capability is included in the LPP request capability message, if the target device supports that location method, the target device includes its capability for the supported location method in the LPP provide capability message. For the LPP capability indication procedure, the target device provides capabilities to the location server in the LPP provide capability message that were not requested (i.e., the LPP request capability message was not received).

[0102] The purpose of LPP Assisted Data Delivery Process 430 is to enable a target device to request assisted data from a location server for location assistance, and to enable the location server to deliver assisted data to the target device without a request. In LPP Assisted Data Delivery Process 430, the target device sends an LPP Request Assisted Data message to the location server. The location server responds to the target device with an LPP Provide Assisted Data message containing the assisted data. The delivered assisted data should match or be a subset of the assisted data requested in the LPP Request Assisted Data. The location server may also provide any unrequested information it deems useful to the target device. The location server may also send one or more additional LPP Provide Assisted Data messages to the target device containing further assisted data. For the LPP Assisted Data Delivery Process, the location server provides unrequested assisted data necessary for location. Assisted data may be provided periodically or non-periodically.

[0103] The purpose of LPP location information transmission process 450 is to enable a location server to request location measurement data and / or location estimates from a target device, and to enable the target device to transmit location measurement data and / or location estimates to the location server without a request. In LPP location information transmission process 450, the location server transmits an LPP request location information message to the target device to request location information, indicating the type of location information required and the potentially associated QoS. The target device responds to the location server with an LPP provide location information message to transmit the location information. Unless the location server explicitly allows additional location information, the transmitted location information should match or be a subset of the location information requested by the LPP request location information message. More specifically, if the requested information is compatible with the capabilities and configuration of the target device, the target device includes the requested information in the LPP provide location information message. Otherwise, if the target device does not support one or more of the requested positioning methods, the target device continues to process the message as if it only contains information about the supported positioning methods, and handles the signaling content of unsupported positioning methods through LPP error detection. If requested by an LPP Request for Location Information message, the target device sends an Additional LPP Provide Location Information message to the location server to deliver additional location information. The LPP location information delivery process supports delivery based on location estimates from unrequested services.

[0104] LPP also defines procedures related to error indication when a receiving endpoint (target device or location server) receives erroneous or unexpected data or detects some data loss. Specifically, when a receiving endpoint determines that a received LPP message contains an error, it may return an error message indicating one or more errors to the sending endpoint and discard the received / erroneous message. If the receiving endpoint is able to determine that the erroneous LPP message is an LPP error or abort message, it discards the received message without returning an error message to the sending endpoint.

[0105] LPP also defines procedures associated with abort instructions to allow a target device or location server to abort an ongoing process due to an unexpected event (e.g., an LCS client canceling a location request). Abort procedures can also be used to stop ongoing processes (e.g., periodic location reports from a target device). During an abort procedure, the first endpoint determines that process P must be aborted and sends an abort message carrying the transaction ID of process P to the second endpoint. The second endpoint then aborts process P.

[0106] NR supports or enables various sidelink positioning technologies. Figure 5AVarious scenarios of interest, including sidelink-only positioning or joint Uu and sidelink positioning, are illustrated according to various aspects of this disclosure. In scenario 510, at least one peer UE with a known location can improve the Uu-based positioning of a target UE by providing additional anchor points (e.g., using sidelink round-trip time (RTT) (SL-RTT)). In scenario 520, a low-end (e.g., a reduced-capability or “RedCap”) target UE can receive assistance from advanced UEs to determine its location using, for example, sidelink positioning and ranging procedures with these advanced UEs. Compared to the low-end UE, the advanced UE may have more capabilities, such as more sensors, a faster processor, more memory, more antenna elements, higher transmit power capabilities, access to additional frequency bands, or any combination thereof. In scenario 530, a relay UE (e.g., with a known location) participates in the positioning estimation of a remote UE without performing uplink positioning reference signal (PRS) transmission via the Uu interface. Scenario 540 illustrates joint positioning of multiple UEs. Specifically, in scenario 540, two UEs with unknown locations can co-locate under non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions by utilizing constraints from nearby UEs.

[0107] Figure 5B Additional scenarios of interest, including sidelink-only positioning or combined Uu and sidelink positioning, are illustrated according to various aspects of this disclosure. In scenario 550, a UE used for public safety (e.g., by police, firefighters, etc.) may perform peer-to-peer (P2P) positioning and ranging for public safety and other purposes. For example, in scenario 550, a public safety UE may be outside network coverage and use sidelink positioning technology to determine the location or relative distance and relative positioning between public safety UEs. Similarly, scenario 560 illustrates multiple UEs outside coverage and using sidelink positioning technology (such as SL-RTT) to determine their location or relative distance and relative positioning.

[0108] Sidelink communication occurs within transmit or receive resource pools. In the frequency domain, the smallest unit of resource allocation is a subchannel (e.g., a set of contiguous physical resource blocks (PRBs) in the frequency domain). In the time domain, resource allocation takes place within a time slot interval. However, some time slots are unavailable for sidelinks, and some time slots contain feedback resources. Furthermore, sidelink resources can be (pre-)configured to occupy fewer than 14 symbols in a time slot.

[0109] The first 13 symbols of a time slot in the time domain and the allocated sub-channels in the frequency domain form a sidelink resource pool. The sidelink resource pool may include resources for sidelink communication (transmission and / or reception), sidelink positioning (referred to as the resource pool for positioning (RP-P)), or both communication and positioning. A resource pool configured for both communication and positioning is referred to as a "shared" resource pool. In a shared resource pool, the RP-P is indicated by offset, periodicity, the number of consecutive symbols within a time slot (e.g., as few as one symbol), and / or bandwidth within component carriers (or bandwidth across multiple component carriers). Furthermore, the RP-P may be associated with a region or with a distance from a reference location.

[0110] A base station (or UE, depending on the resource allocation mode) may assign one or more resource configurations from the RP-P to another UE. Additionally or alternatively, a UE (e.g., a relay or remote UE) may request one or more RP-P configurations and may include in the request one or more of the following: (1) its location information (or area identifier), (2) periodicity, (3) bandwidth, (4) offset, (5) number of symbols, and (6) whether a configuration with “low interference” is required (which can be determined by the assigned quality of service (QoS) or priority).

[0111] The base station or UE can configure / assign rate matching resources or RP-Ps for rate matching / silencing to the sidelink UE. This allows the sidelink UE to perform rate matching, silencing, and / or puncturing of data, demodulation reference signals (DMRS), and / or channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) within the conflicting resource when the assigned resource conflicts with another resource pool containing data (PSSCH) and / or control (PSCCH). This achieves orthogonality between positioning and data transmission to increase the coverage of the PRS signal.

[0112] Figure 6 Figure 600 illustrates an example of a location-based resource pool configured within a sidelink resource pool (i.e., a shared resource pool) for communication, according to various aspects of this disclosure. Figure 6 In the example, time is represented horizontally and frequency is represented vertically. In the time domain, the length of each block is one Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, and 14 symbols constitute a time slot. In the frequency domain, the height of each block is a subchannel.

[0113] exist Figure 6In the example, the entire time slot (excluding the first and last symbols) can be a resource pool for sidelink communication. That is, any symbol other than the first and last can be allocated for sidelink communication. However, the RP-P is allocated in the last four pre-gap symbols of the time slot. Therefore, non-sidelink positioning data (such as User Data (PSSCH), CSI-RS, and control information) can only be transmitted in the first eight post-AGC symbols, not in the last four pre-gap symbols, to prevent conflicts with the configured RP-P. Non-sidelink positioning data that would normally be transmitted in the last four pre-gap symbols can be punctured or silenced, or rate-matched non-sidelink data that typically spans more than eight post-AGC symbols can be used to accommodate these eight post-AGC symbols.

[0114] Sidelink Positioning Reference Signal (SL-PRS) has been defined to support the sidelink positioning process between UEs. Similar to the downlink PRS (DL-PRS), an SL-PRS resource consists of one or more resource elements (i.e., an OFDM symbol in the time domain and a subcarrier in the frequency domain). SL-PRS resources are designed with a comb-based pattern to enable Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) based processing at the receiver. SL-PRS resources consist of uninterleaved or only partially interleaved resource elements in the frequency domain to provide small time-of-arrival (TOA) uncertainties and reduced overhead for each SL-PRS resource. SL-PRS can also be associated with a specific RP-P (e.g., some SL-PRS can be allocated in some RP-Ps). SL-PRS is also defined as having intra-slot repetition ( Figure 6 (not shown in the image) to allow for combined gain (if needed). RP-P inter-UE coordination may also exist to provide dynamic SL-PRS and data multiplexing while minimizing SL-PRS collisions.

[0115] In some cases, location information messages can be provided via, for example, a side-link positioning protocol (SLPP) (e.g., similar to how LPP provides location information messages, such as...). Figure 4 (As illustrated) Reports the location information of the target UE based on sidelink positioning measurements to the location server. Such reports may include a timestamp associated with each sidelink positioning measurement. The timestamp field may include the system frame number (SFN) and / or time slot number, and optionally the physical cell ID, absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN), and / or cell global ID. For SL-PRS-based Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurement reports, reference UE information may be included in the measurement report.

[0116] Considering different measurements and different reporting targets (e.g., location servers or UEs), if multiple resources and / or resource sets are configured for the UE, the identification information in the sidelink positioning report may include the SL-PRS resource ID and / or SL-PRS resource set ID. This identification information may also include the SL-PRS source ID (transmitter) and / or destination ID (receiver).

[0117] For shared resource pools (such as) Figure 6 (As illustrated), SL-PRS resources refer to the time-frequency resources within a time slot used for SL-PRS transmission. The characteristics associated with SL-PRS resources in a time slot of the shared resource pool may include at least the SL-PRS resource ID, SL-PRS comb offset and associated SL-PRS comb size (N), the number of SL-PRS start symbols and SL-PRS symbols (M), and the SL-PRS frequency domain allocation. SL-PRS resources are identified by a combination of the SL-PRS resource ID and the SL-PRS frequency domain allocation. This combination is unique within the time slots of the shared resource pool.

[0118] For a dedicated SL-PRS resource pool, SL-PRS resources refer to the time-frequency resources within the pool's time slots used for SL-PRS transmission. The characteristics associated with SL-PRS resources in the dedicated SL-PRS resource pool's time slots include the SL-PRS resource ID, SL-PRS comb offset and associated SL-PRS comb size (N), the number of SL-PRS start symbols and SL-PRS symbols (M), and the SL-PRS frequency domain allocation. SL-PRS resources are identified by a unique SL-PRS resource ID within the dedicated SL-PRS resource pool's time slots.

[0119] Therefore, for dedicated or shared resource pools, at least the following characteristics are not included as part of the characteristics of SL-PRS resources: the periodicity of SL-PRS resources and the number of instances / repetitions.

[0120] The same measurement report content can be used to report to both the location server and the UE. The table below illustrates the content of the measurement reports that can be provided to the location server and / or the UE.

[0121]

[0122] Table 1

[0123] In addition to the above, the measurement report should also include identification information for the resource pool receiving the SL-PRS, as well as any source, destination, and session identifiers. Besides this identification, the report should also include measurement and quality metrics. Other information that should be included in the measurement report is the identification of the SL-PRS resource used to perform the measurement (e.g., both time and frequency). For example, the associated Sidelink Control Information (SCI) indication on the SL-PRS resource can be included in the measurement report, where the corresponding measurement results are reported.

[0124] As described above, frequency domain resources associated with sidelink measurements (e.g., resource pool configuration) may not be included in the measurement report. Dedicated resource pools have fixed bandwidth allocations, and all SL-PRSs will have the same bandwidth. Shared resource pools also have fixed bandwidth, but the bandwidth of SL-PRS resources may vary based on sub-channel allocations. It would be useful for the UE or location server to know which exact frequency resources have been measured. Therefore, this disclosure provides a set of options on how to report such information.

[0125] As a first option (referred to as "Option 1"), in a single measurement report, each measurement associated with a given UE and timestamp (e.g., SL-RSTD, SL-Rx-Tx time difference, SL-AoA, etc.) is associated with explicit frequency allocation information. As a second option (referred to as "Option 2"), in a single measurement report, each measurement in a measurement group associated with a given UE and timestamp (e.g., SL-RSTD, SL-Rx-Tx time difference, SL-AoA, etc.) may be associated with common frequency allocation information. This measurement group may correspond to measurements performed within the same resource pool. As a third option (referred to as "Option 3"), in a single measurement report, each measurement in a measurement group associated with a given UE and timestamp (e.g., SL-RSTD, SL-Rx-Tx time difference, SL-AoA, etc.) may be associated with a common starting frequency allocation, but each measurement may have different ending frequency and / or bandwidth size information. This measurement group may correspond to measurements performed within the same resource pool.

[0126] Referring more specifically to option 1, in each measurement report (e.g., a location information message provided by SLPP), the UE may include a list of measurements. For each measurement i, the report may include a timestamp i and explicit frequency allocation information i. The explicit frequency allocation information i may include an ARFCN and sub-channel-based allocations (e.g., sub-channel size, first / starting resource block of the first sub / starting sub-channel, and the number of sub-channels). Alternatively, the explicit frequency allocation information i may include an ARFCN, a first / starting PRB relative to the ARFCN, and the size of the PRB.

[0127] For example, a measurement report may include the “sl-AbsoluteFrequencyPointA” parameter of the ARFCN value, the “sl-StartRB-Subchannel” parameter with integer values ​​{0…265}, and the “sl-NumSubchannel” parameter with integer values ​​{1…27}. The “sl-StartRB-Subchannel” parameter indicates the lowest PRB index of the subchannel in the resource pool that has the lowest PRB index relative to the lowest sidelink bandwidth portion (BWP). The “sl-NumSubchannel” parameter indicates the smallest granularity of sensing for PSSCH resource selection in the frequency domain in units of PRBs.

[0128] Referring more specifically to option 2, the measurement report (e.g., the location information message provided by SLPP) may include multiple measurement groups (e.g., group 1 to group N), and each measurement group may be associated with explicit frequency allocation information (e.g., explicit frequency allocation information 1 for group 1 and explicit frequency allocation information 2 for group 2). The explicit frequency allocation information may then be associated with measurements within the measurement group (e.g., explicit frequency allocation information 1 for group 1 is associated with measurement 1, measurement 2... measurement N).

[0129] Referring more specifically to option 3, the measurement report (e.g., a location information message provided by SLPP) may include multiple measurement groups (e.g., groups 1 to L), and each measurement group may be associated with an ARFCN for all measurements within that group. Each measurement within a group may then be associated with its own residual explicit frequency allocation information (i.e., frequency allocation information other than the ARFCN). For example, ARFCN 1 may be associated with all measurements in group 1, and then within group 1, measurement 1 may be associated with residual frequency allocation information 1, measurement 2 may be associated with residual frequency allocation information 2, and so on up to measurement N, which may be associated with residual frequency allocation information N. Similarly, ARFCN 2 may be associated with all measurements in group 2, and then within group 2, measurement 1 may be associated with residual frequency allocation information 1, measurement 2 may be associated with residual frequency allocation information 2, and so on up to measurement M, which may be associated with residual frequency allocation information M.

[0130] In some cases, continuing with option 3, the measurement report (e.g., SLPP provides a location information message) may include multiple measurement groups (e.g., group 1 to group L), and each measurement group may be associated with the ARFCN and subchannel size of all measurements associated with that group. Each measurement within a group may then be associated with the starting PRB of its own starting subchannel and the number of subchannels. For example, ARFCN 1 and subchannel size 1 may be associated with all measurements in group 1, and then within group 1, measurement 1 may be associated with the first PRB of the first subchannel 1 and the number of subchannels 1, measurement 2 may be associated with the first PRB of the first subchannel 2 and the number of subchannels 2, and so on up to measurement N, which may be associated with the first PRB of the first subchannel N and the number of subchannels N. Similarly, ARFCN 2 and subchannel size 2 can be associated with all measurements in group 2, and then within group 2, measurement 1 can be associated with the first PRB of the first subchannel 1 and the number of subchannels 1, measurement 2 can be associated with the first PRB of the first subchannel 2 and the number of subchannels 2, and so on up to measurement M, which can be associated with the first PRB of the first subchannel M and the number of subchannels M.

[0131] In some cases, continuing with option 3, the measurement report (e.g., SLPP provides a location information message) may include multiple measurement groups (e.g., groups 1 to L), and each measurement group may be associated with the ARFCN, subchannel size, and initial PRB of the starting subchannel for all measurements associated with that group. Each measurement within a group may then be associated with the number of its own subchannels. For example, ARFCN 1, subchannel size 1, and the first PRB of the first subchannel 1 may be associated with all measurements in group 1, and then within group 1, measurement 1 may be associated with the number of subchannels 1, measurement 2 may be associated with the number of subchannels 2, and so on up to measurement N, which may be associated with the number of subchannels N. Similarly, ARFCN 2, subchannel size 2, and the first PRB of the first subchannel 2 may be associated with all measurements in group 2, and then within group 2, measurement 1 may be associated with the number of subchannels 1, measurement 2 may be associated with the number of subchannels 2, and so on up to measurement M, which may be associated with the number of subchannels M.

[0132] As can be understood from the foregoing example, in option 3, one or more frequency allocation information parameters can be shared by all measurements in the measurement group, and the remaining frequency allocation information parameters can be reported on a per-measurement basis.

[0133] In some cases, the UE may include additional information associated with the measurement group in the measurement report (e.g., the SLPP provides location information message). For example, the report may include: an indication of whether the resource pool containing the measured SL-PRS resources is a shared resource pool or a dedicated resource pool; an indication of random resources, partially sensed resources, and fully sensed resources; an indication of the presence of frequency shifts in SL-PRS resources (e.g., a 7.5 kHz frequency shift represented by the parameter "7p5khz"); an indication of whether inter-UE coordination is enabled for SL-PRS measurements and, if so, which scheme; an indication of the channel busy rate (CBR) and / or channel occupancy rate (CR) configuration; the location of the DC tone; or any combination thereof.

[0134] Note that the location of the DC tone can be indicated by the parameter "sl-TxDirectCurrentLocation-r16", which can have integer values ​​{0...3301}. This parameter indicates the sidelink transmit / receive DC location of the component carrier. Values ​​in the range of 0 to 3299 indicate the subcarrier index within the carrier corresponding to the parameter set of the corresponding sidelink BWP. A value of 3300 indicates "outside the carrier", and a value of 3301 indicates "undetermined location within the carrier".

[0135] In some cases, the UE may select one of options 1, 2, and 3, for example, based on the measurement to be reported (e.g., whether the measurement shares frequency allocation information and, if so, how much frequency allocation information is shared). Alternatively, the location server may configure the UE to report location measurements using specific options (e.g., in SLPP Provide Assistance Data Messages and / or SLPP Request Location Information Messages, which are similar to LPP Provide Assistance Data Messages and LPP Request Location Information Messages, respectively).

[0136] Figure 7 An example method 700 for wireless communication according to various aspects of this disclosure is illustrated. In one aspect, method 700 may be performed by a UE (e.g., any UE described herein).

[0137] At 710, the UE obtains one or more measurements of one or more SL-PRS resources. In one aspect, operation 710 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more short-range radio transceivers 320, one or more processors 332, memory 340 and / or positioning components 342, any or all of which may be regarded as components for performing the operation.

[0138] At 720, the UE sends a sidelink positioning measurement report to a location server (e.g., LMF 270) or another UE. The sidelink positioning measurement report includes at least the one or more measurements and one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the one or more measurements. Each set of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with one of the one or more measurements includes: the starting frequency location and the magnitude of the frequency allocation for the measurement, or the starting frequency location and the ending frequency location for the measurement. In one aspect, operation 720 can be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which can be considered as components for performing the operation.

[0139] Figure 8 An example method 800 for wireless communication according to various aspects of this disclosure is illustrated. In one aspect, method 800 may be performed by a UE (e.g., any UE described herein).

[0140] At 810, the UE obtains one or more measurements of one or more SL-PRS resources. In one aspect, operation 810 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more short-range radio transceivers 320, one or more processors 332, memory 340 and / or positioning components 342, any or all of which may be regarded as components for performing the operation.

[0141] At 820, the UE sends a measurement report to the location server. The measurement report includes at least the one or more measurements and one or more parameters associated with the one or more measurements. These parameters include: an indication of whether the one or more measurements were obtained within a shared sidelink resource pool; an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are random, partially sensed, or fully sensed resources; an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are frequency-shifted; an indication of whether inter-UE coordination is enabled for the one or more measurements; an indication of channel congestion-related configuration; the location of the DC tone; or any combination thereof. In one aspect, operation 820 can be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more short-range radio transceivers 320, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning components 342, any or all of which can be considered as components for performing the operation.

[0142] It should be understood that the technical advantage of methods 700 and 800 is that they notify the location server of the exact frequency resources that have been measured, thereby improving the positioning estimation based on SL-PRS measurements.

[0143] As can be seen in the detailed description above, different features are grouped together in the examples. This manner of disclosure should not be construed as an intention to have more features than those explicitly mentioned in each clause. Rather, the various aspects of this disclosure may include fewer features than those in the individual example clauses disclosed. Therefore, the following clauses should be regarded accordingly as incorporated into the description, where each clause may serve as a separate example. Although each dependent clause may refer in the clause to a specific combination with one of the other clauses, the aspect of that dependent clause is not limited to that specific combination. It should be understood that other example clauses may also include combinations of aspects of a dependent clause with the subject matter of any other dependent or independent clause, or combinations of any feature with other dependent and independent clauses. The various aspects disclosed herein explicitly include these combinations unless explicitly stated or readily inferred that a particular combination is not intended for use (e.g., contradictory aspects, such as defining an element as both an electrical insulator and an electrical conductor). Furthermore, it is contemplated that aspects of a clause may be included in any other independent clause, even if that clause does not directly depend on the independent clause.

[0144] Specific implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:

[0145] Clause 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: obtaining one or more measurements of one or more sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; and sending a measurement report to a location server, the measurement report including at least the one or more measurements and one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the one or more measurements.

[0146] Clause 2. The method according to Clause 1, wherein each of the one or more measurements is associated with one of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters.

[0147] Clause 3. The method according to Clause 2, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: the starting frequency position and the magnitude of the frequency allocation of the measurement, or the starting frequency position and the ending frequency position of the measurement.

[0148] Clause 4. The method according to any one of Clauses 2 to 3, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) associated with the measurement, a subchannel size associated with the measurement, a starting resource block of a starting subchannel associated with the measurement, and a number of subchannels associated with the measurement.

[0149] Clause 5. The method according to any one of Clauses 2 to 4, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) associated with the measurement, a starting resource block associated with the measurement relative to the ARFCN, and the size of the resource block of the frequency allocation associated with the measurement.

[0150] Clause 6. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 5, wherein: the one or more measurements comprise one or more groups of measurements, and each of the one or more groups of measurements is associated with one of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters.

[0151] Clause 7. The method described in Clause 6, wherein the one or more measurements are obtained within the same sidelink resource pool.

[0152] Clause 8. The method according to any one of Clauses 6 to 7, wherein each set of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups is identical for each measurement in the measurement group.

[0153] Clause 9. The method according to any one of Clauses 6 to 8, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups includes: the magnitude of the starting frequency position and frequency allocation applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, or the starting frequency position and ending frequency position applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

[0154] Clause 10. The method according to any one of Clauses 6 to 9, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, a subchannel size applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, a starting resource block applicable to the starting subchannel of all measurements in the measurement group, and a number of subchannels applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

[0155] Clause 11. The method according to any one of Clauses 6 to 10, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, a starting resource block relative to the ARFCN applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and a resource block size applicable to the frequency allocation of all measurements in the measurement group.

[0156] Clause 12. The method according to any one of Clauses 6 to 11, wherein: each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters includes a first subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups and a second subset of frequency allocation information parameters, each first subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the measurement group being identical for each measurement in the measurement group, and each second subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the measurement group including frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group.

[0157] Clause 13. The method according to Clause 12, wherein each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters includes an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

[0158] Clause 14. The method according to Clause 13, wherein the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: the subchannel size for each measurement in the measurement group, the starting resource block for the starting subchannel for each measurement in the measurement group, and the number of subchannels for each measurement in the measurement group.

[0159] Clause 15. The method according to any one of Clauses 13 to 14, wherein the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: the starting resource block for the measurement relative to the ARFCN, and the size of the resource block for frequency allocation of the measurement.

[0160] Clause 16. The method according to any one of Clauses 13 to 15, wherein: each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters further includes a subchannel size applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: an initial resource block for an initial subchannel for each measurement in the measurement group, and a number of subchannels for each measurement in the measurement group.

[0161] Clause 17. The method according to any one of Clauses 13 to 16, wherein: each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters further includes a subchannel size and an initial resource block for the starting subchannel applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include the number of subchannels.

[0162] Clause 18. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 17, wherein the one or more measurements include: one or more sidelink reference signal time difference (SL-RSTD) measurements, one or more sidelink receive-transmit (SL-Rx-Tx) time difference measurements, one or more sidelink angle of arrival (SL-AoA) measurements, or any combination thereof.

[0163] Clause 19. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 18, wherein the measurement report is a location information message provided by the Side Link Positioning Protocol (SLPP).

[0164] Clause 20. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: obtaining one or more measurements of one or more sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; and sending a measurement report to a location server, the measurement report including at least the one or more measurements and one or more parameters associated with the one or more measurements, wherein the one or more parameters include: an indication of whether the one or more measurements were obtained within a shared sidelink resource pool, an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are random resources, partially sensed resources, or fully sensed resources, an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are frequency-shifted, an indication of whether inter-UE coordination is enabled for the one or more measurements, an indication of channel congestion-related configuration, the location of a DC tone, or any combination thereof.

[0165] Clause 21. The method according to Clause 20, wherein: the one or more parameters include the indication of whether inter-UE coordination is enabled, and the one or more parameters further include an inter-UE coordination scheme.

[0166] Clause 22. The method according to any one of Clauses 20 to 21, wherein: the one or more parameters include the indication of the channel congestion-related configuration, and the channel congestion-related configuration includes a channel busy rate (CBR) configuration, a channel occupancy rate (CR) configuration, or both.

[0167] Clause 23. The method according to any one of Clauses 20 to 22, wherein the one or more measurements comprise: one or more sidelink reference signal time difference (SL-RSTD) measurements, one or more sidelink receive-transmit (SL-Rx-Tx) time difference measurements, one or more sidelink angle of arrival (SL-AoA) measurements, or any combination thereof.

[0168] Clause 24. The method according to any one of Clauses 20 to 23, wherein the measurement report is a location information message provided by the Side Link Positioning Protocol (SLPP).

[0169] Clause 25. A user equipment (UE) comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors being individually or in combination configured to: acquire one or more measurements of one or more sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; and transmit a measurement report to a location server via the one or more transceivers, the measurement report including at least the one or more measurements and one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the one or more measurements.

[0170] Clause 26. The UE as described in Clause 25, wherein each of the one or more measurements is associated with one of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters.

[0171] Clause 27. The UE as described in Clause 26, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: the starting frequency position and the magnitude of the frequency allocation for the measurement, or the starting frequency position and the ending frequency position for the measurement.

[0172] Clause 28. The UE according to any one of Clauses 26 to 27, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) associated with the measurement, a subchannel size associated with the measurement, a starting resource block of a starting subchannel associated with the measurement, and a number of subchannels associated with the measurement.

[0173] Clause 29. The UE according to any one of Clauses 26 to 28, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) associated with the measurement, a starting resource block associated with the measurement relative to the ARFCN, and the size of the resource block associated with the frequency allocation of the measurement.

[0174] Clause 30. The UE according to any one of Clauses 25 to 29, wherein: the one or more measurements comprise one or more measurement groups, and each of the one or more measurement groups is associated with one of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters.

[0175] Clause 31. The UE as described in Clause 30, wherein one or more of the measurements are obtained within the same sidelink resource pool.

[0176] Clause 32. The UE according to any one of Clauses 30 to 31, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups is identical for each measurement in the measurement group.

[0177] Clause 33. The UE according to any one of Clauses 30 to 32, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups includes: the magnitude of the start frequency position and frequency allocation applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, or the start frequency position and end frequency position applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

[0178] Clause 34. The UE according to any one of Clauses 30 to 33, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, a subchannel size applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, a starting resource block applicable to the starting subchannel of all measurements in the measurement group, and a number of subchannels applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

[0179] Clause 35. The UE according to any one of Clauses 30 to 34, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, a starting resource block relative to the ARFCN applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and a resource block size applicable to the frequency allocation of all measurements in the measurement group.

[0180] Clause 36. The UE according to any one of Clauses 30 to 35, wherein: each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters includes a first subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups and a second subset of frequency allocation information parameters, each first subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the measurement group being identical for each measurement in the measurement group, and each second subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the measurement group including frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group.

[0181] Clause 37. The UE as described in Clause 36, wherein each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters includes the absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

[0182] Clause 38. The UE as described in Clause 37, wherein the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: the subchannel size for each measurement in the measurement group, the starting resource block for the starting subchannel for each measurement in the measurement group, and the number of subchannels for each measurement in the measurement group.

[0183] Clause 39. The UE according to any one of Clauses 37 to 38, wherein the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: the starting resource block for the measurement relative to the ARFCN, and the size of the resource block for frequency allocation of the measurement.

[0184] Clause 40. The UE according to any one of Clauses 37 to 39, wherein: each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters further includes a subchannel size applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: an initial resource block for an initial subchannel for each measurement in the measurement group, and a number of subchannels for each measurement in the measurement group.

[0185] Clause 41. The UE according to any one of Clauses 37 to 40, wherein: each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters further includes the subchannel size and the starting resource block of the starting subchannel applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include the number of subchannels.

[0186] Clause 42. The UE pursuant to any one of Clauses 25 to 41, wherein the one or more measurements comprise: one or more sidelink reference signal time difference (SL-RSTD) measurements, one or more sidelink receive-transmit (SL-Rx-Tx) time difference measurements, one or more sidelink angle of arrival (SL-AoA) measurements, or any combination thereof.

[0187] Clause 43. The UE pursuant to any one of Clauses 25 to 42, wherein the measurement report is a location information message provided by the Side Link Positioning Protocol (SLPP).

[0188] Clause 44. A user equipment (UE) comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors being individually or in combination configured to: acquire one or more measurements of one or more sidelink location reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; and transmit a measurement report to a location server via the one or more transceivers, the measurement report including at least the one or more measurements and one or more parameters associated with the one or more measurements, wherein the one or more parameters include: an indication of whether the one or more measurements were acquired within a shared sidelink resource pool, an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are random resources, partially sensed resources, or fully sensed resources, an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are frequency-shifted, an indication of whether inter-UE coordination is enabled for the one or more measurements, an indication of channel congestion-related configuration, the location of a DC tone, or any combination thereof.

[0189] Clause 45. The UE as described in Clause 44, wherein: the one or more parameters include an indication of whether inter-UE coordination is enabled, and the one or more parameters further include an inter-UE coordination scheme.

[0190] Clause 46. The UE pursuant to any one of Clauses 44 to 45, wherein: the one or more parameters include the indication of the channel congestion-related configuration, and the channel congestion-related configuration includes a channel busy rate (CBR) configuration, a channel occupancy rate (CR) configuration, or both.

[0191] Clause 47. The UE pursuant to any one of Clauses 44 to 46, wherein the one or more measurements comprise: one or more sidelink reference signal time difference (SL-RSTD) measurements, one or more sidelink receive-transmit (SL-Rx-Tx) time difference measurements, one or more sidelink angle of arrival (SL-AoA) measurements, or any combination thereof.

[0192] Clause 48. The UE pursuant to any one of Clauses 44 to 47, wherein the measurement report is a location information message provided by the Side Link Positioning Protocol (SLPP).

[0193] Clause 49. A user equipment (UE) comprising: components for obtaining one or more measurements of one or more sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; and components for sending a measurement report to a location server, the measurement report including at least the one or more measurements and one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the one or more measurements.

[0194] Clause 50. The UE as described in Clause 49, wherein each of the one or more measurements is associated with one of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters.

[0195] Clause 51. The UE as described in Clause 50, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in one or more of the measurements includes: the starting frequency position and the magnitude of the frequency allocation for the measurement, or the starting frequency position and the ending frequency position for the measurement.

[0196] Clause 52. The UE according to any one of Clauses 50 to 51, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) associated with the measurement, a subchannel size associated with the measurement, a starting resource block of a starting subchannel associated with the measurement, and a number of subchannels associated with the measurement.

[0197] Clause 53. The UE according to any one of Clauses 50 to 52, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) associated with the measurement, a starting resource block associated with the measurement relative to the ARFCN, and the size of the resource block associated with the frequency allocation of the measurement.

[0198] Clause 54. The UE according to any one of Clauses 49 to 53, wherein: the one or more measurements comprise one or more measurement groups, and each of the one or more measurement groups is associated with one of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters.

[0199] Clause 55. The UE as described in Clause 54, wherein one or more of the measurements are obtained within the same sidelink resource pool.

[0200] Clause 56. The UE according to any one of Clauses 54 to 55, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups is identical for each measurement in the measurement group.

[0201] Clause 57. The UE according to any one of Clauses 54 to 56, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups includes: the starting frequency position and the magnitude of the frequency allocation applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, or the starting frequency position and the ending frequency position applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

[0202] Clause 58. The UE according to any one of Clauses 54 to 57, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, a subchannel size applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, a starting resource block applicable to the starting subchannel of all measurements in the measurement group, and a number of subchannels applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

[0203] Clause 59. The UE according to any one of Clauses 54 to 58, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, a starting resource block relative to the ARFCN applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and a resource block size applicable to frequency allocation for all measurements in the measurement group.

[0204] Clause 60. The UE according to any one of Clauses 54 to 59, wherein: each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters includes a first subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups and a second subset of frequency allocation information parameters, each first subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the measurement group being identical for each measurement in the measurement group, and each second subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the measurement group including frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group.

[0205] Clause 61. The UE as described in Clause 60, wherein each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters includes an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

[0206] Clause 62. The UE as described in Clause 61, wherein the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: the subchannel size for each measurement in the measurement group, the starting resource block for the starting subchannel for each measurement in the measurement group, and the number of subchannels for each measurement in the measurement group.

[0207] Clause 63. The UE according to any one of Clauses 61 to 62, wherein the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: the starting resource block for the measurement relative to the ARFCN, and the size of the resource block for frequency allocation of the measurement.

[0208] Clause 64. The UE according to any one of Clauses 61 to 63, wherein: each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters further includes a subchannel size applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: an initial resource block for an initial subchannel for each measurement in the measurement group, and a number of subchannels for each measurement in the measurement group.

[0209] Clause 65. The UE according to any one of Clauses 61 to 64, wherein: each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters further includes the subchannel size and the starting resource block of the starting subchannel applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include the number of subchannels.

[0210] Clause 66. The UE pursuant to any one of Clauses 49 to 65, wherein the one or more measurements comprise: one or more sidelink reference signal time difference (SL-RSTD) measurements, one or more sidelink receive-transmit (SL-Rx-Tx) time difference measurements, one or more sidelink angle of arrival (SL-AoA) measurements, or any combination thereof.

[0211] Clause 67. The UE pursuant to any one of Clauses 49 to 66, wherein the measurement report is a location information message provided by the Side Link Positioning Protocol (SLPP).

[0212] Clause 68. A user equipment (UE) comprising: components for obtaining one or more measurements of one or more sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; and components for sending a measurement report to a location server, the measurement report including at least the one or more measurements and one or more parameters associated with the one or more measurements, wherein the one or more parameters include: an indication of whether the one or more measurements were obtained within a shared sidelink resource pool, an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are random resources, partially sensed resources, or fully sensed resources, an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are frequency-shifted, an indication of whether inter-UE coordination is enabled for the one or more measurements, an indication of channel congestion-related configuration, the location of a DC tone, or any combination thereof.

[0213] Clause 69. The UE as described in Clause 68, wherein: the one or more parameters include an indication of whether inter-UE coordination is enabled, and the one or more parameters further include an inter-UE coordination scheme.

[0214] Clause 70. The UE pursuant to any one of Clauses 68 to 69, wherein: the one or more parameters include the indication of the channel congestion-related configuration, and the channel congestion-related configuration includes a channel busy rate (CBR) configuration, a channel occupancy rate (CR) configuration, or both.

[0215] Clause 71. The UE pursuant to any one of Clauses 68 to 70, wherein the one or more measurements comprise: one or more sidelink reference signal time difference (SL-RSTD) measurements, one or more sidelink receive-transmit (SL-Rx-Tx) time difference measurements, one or more sidelink angle of arrival (SL-AoA) measurements, or any combination thereof.

[0216] Clause 72. The UE pursuant to any one of Clauses 68 to 71, wherein the measurement report is a location information message provided by the Side Link Positioning Protocol (SLPP).

[0217] Clause 73. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: obtain one or more measurements of one or more sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; and send a measurement report to a location server, the measurement report including at least the one or more measurements and one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the one or more measurements.

[0218] Clause 74. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as described in Clause 73, wherein each of the one or more measurements is associated with one of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters.

[0219] Clause 75. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Clause 74, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: the starting frequency position and the magnitude of the frequency allocation for the measurement, or the starting frequency position and the ending frequency position for the measurement.

[0220] Clause 76. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 74 to 75, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in one or more of the measurements includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) associated with the measurement, a subchannel size associated with the measurement, a starting resource block of a starting subchannel associated with the measurement, and a number of subchannels associated with the measurement.

[0221] Clause 77. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 74 to 76, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) associated with the measurement, a starting resource block associated with the measurement relative to the ARFCN, and a size of the resource block of the frequency allocation associated with the measurement.

[0222] Clause 78. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 73 to 77, wherein: the one or more measurements comprise one or more groups of measurements, and each of the one or more groups of measurements is associated with one of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters.

[0223] Clause 79. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as described in Clause 78, wherein the one or more measurements are obtained within the same sidelink resource pool.

[0224] Clause 80. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 78 to 79, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups is identical for each measurement in the measurement group.

[0225] Clause 81. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 78 to 80, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups includes: a starting frequency position and a magnitude of frequency allocation applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, or the starting frequency position and the ending frequency position applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

[0226] Clause 82. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 78 to 81, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, a subchannel size applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, a starting resource block applicable to the starting subchannel of all measurements in the measurement group, and a number of subchannels applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

[0227] Clause 83. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 78 to 82, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, a starting resource block relative to the ARFCN applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and a resource block size applicable to the frequency allocation of all measurements in the measurement group.

[0228] Clause 84. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 78 to 83, wherein: each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters includes a first subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups and a second subset of frequency allocation information parameters, each first subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the measurement group being identical for each measurement in the measurement group, and each second subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the measurement group including frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group.

[0229] Clause 85. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as described in Clause 84, wherein each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters includes an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

[0230] Clause 86. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Clause 85, wherein the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: the subchannel size for each measurement in the measurement group, the starting resource block for the starting subchannel for each measurement in the measurement group, and the number of subchannels for each measurement in the measurement group.

[0231] Clause 87. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 85 to 86, wherein the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: a starting resource block for the measurement relative to the ARFCN, and the size of the resource block for frequency allocation of the measurement.

[0232] Clause 88. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 85 to 87, wherein: each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters further includes a subchannel size applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: an initial resource block for an initial subchannel for each measurement in the measurement group, and a number of subchannels for each measurement in the measurement group.

[0233] Clause 89. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 85 to 88, wherein: each first subset of frequency allocation information parameters further includes a subchannel size and an initial resource block for the starting subchannel applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include the number of subchannels.

[0234] Clause 90. A non-transitory computer-readable medium pursuant to any one of Clauses 73 to 89, wherein the one or more measurements comprise: one or more sidelink reference signal time difference (SL-RSTD) measurements, one or more sidelink receive-transmit (SL-Rx-Tx) time difference measurements, one or more sidelink angle of arrival (SL-AoA) measurements, or any combination thereof.

[0235] Clause 91. A non-transitory computer-readable medium pursuant to any one of Clauses 73 to 90, wherein the measurement report is a location information message provided by the Side Link Positioning Protocol (SLPP).

[0236] Clause 92. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: obtain one or more measurements of one or more sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; and send a measurement report to a location server, the measurement report including at least the one or more measurements and one or more parameters associated with the one or more measurements, wherein the one or more parameters include: an indication of whether the one or more measurements were obtained within a shared sidelink resource pool, an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are random resources, partially sensed resources, or fully sensed resources, an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are frequency-shifted, an indication of whether inter-UE coordination is enabled for the one or more measurements, an indication of channel congestion-related configuration, the location of a DC tone, or any combination thereof.

[0237] Clause 93. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as described in Clause 92, wherein: the one or more parameters include an indication of whether inter-UE coordination is enabled, and the one or more parameters further include an inter-UE coordination scheme.

[0238] Clause 94. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 92 to 93, wherein: the one or more parameters include the indication of the channel congestion-related configuration, and the channel congestion-related configuration includes a channel busy rate (CBR) configuration, a channel occupancy rate (CR) configuration, or both.

[0239] Clause 95. A non-transitory computer-readable medium pursuant to any one of Clauses 92 to 94, wherein the one or more measurements comprise: one or more sidelink reference signal time difference (SL-RSTD) measurements, one or more sidelink receive-transmit (SL-Rx-Tx) time difference measurements, one or more sidelink angle of arrival (SL-AoA) measurements, or any combination thereof.

[0240] Clause 96. A non-transitory computer-readable medium pursuant to any one of Clauses 92 to 95, wherein the measurement report is a location information message provided by the Side Link Positioning Protocol (SLPP).

[0241] Examples of specific implementations for each of the following numbered clauses are described:

[0242] Clause 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: obtaining one or more measurements of one or more sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; and sending a sidelink positioning measurement report to a location server or another UE, the sidelink positioning measurement report including at least the one or more measurements and one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the one or more measurements, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: a starting frequency location and a magnitude of frequency allocation for the measurement, or the starting frequency location and an ending frequency location for the measurement.

[0243] Clause 2. The method according to Clause 1, wherein each of the one or more measurements is associated with one of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters.

[0244] Clause 3. The method according to Clause 2, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) associated with the measurement, a subchannel size associated with the measurement, a starting resource block of a starting subchannel associated with the measurement, and a number of subchannels associated with the measurement.

[0245] Clause 4. The method according to any one of Clauses 2 to 3, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) associated with the measurement, a starting resource block associated with the measurement relative to the ARFCN, and the size of the resource block of the frequency allocation associated with the measurement.

[0246] Clause 5. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 4, wherein: the one or more measurements comprise one or more measurement groups, and each of the one or more measurement groups is associated with one of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters.

[0247] Clause 6. The method described in Clause 5, wherein the one or more measurements are obtained within the same sidelink resource pool.

[0248] Clause 7. The method according to any one of Clauses 5 to 6, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups is identical for each measurement in the measurement group.

[0249] Clause 8. The method according to any one of Clauses 5 to 7, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups includes: the magnitude of the starting frequency position and frequency allocation applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, or the starting frequency position and ending frequency position applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

[0250] Clause 9. The method according to any one of Clauses 5 to 8, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, a subchannel size applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, a starting resource block applicable to the starting subchannel of all measurements in the measurement group, and a number of subchannels applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

[0251] Clause 10. The method according to any one of Clauses 5 to 9, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, a starting resource block relative to the ARFCN applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and a resource block size applicable to the frequency allocation of all measurements in the measurement group.

[0252] Clause 11. The method according to any one of Clauses 5 to 10, wherein: each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters includes a first subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups and a second subset of frequency allocation information parameters, each first subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the measurement group being identical for each measurement in the measurement group, and each second subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the measurement group including frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group.

[0253] Clause 12. The method according to Clause 11, wherein each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters includes an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

[0254] Clause 13. The method according to Clause 12, wherein the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: the subchannel size for each measurement in the measurement group, the starting resource block for the starting subchannel for each measurement in the measurement group, and the number of subchannels for each measurement in the measurement group.

[0255] Clause 14. The method according to any one of Clauses 12 to 13, wherein the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: the starting resource block for the measurement relative to the ARFCN, and the size of the resource block for frequency allocation of the measurement.

[0256] Clause 15. The method according to any one of Clauses 12 to 14, wherein: each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters further includes a subchannel size applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: an initial resource block for an initial subchannel for each measurement in the measurement group, and a number of subchannels for each measurement in the measurement group.

[0257] Clause 16. The method according to any one of Clauses 12 to 15, wherein: each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters further includes a subchannel size and an initial resource block for the starting subchannel applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include the number of subchannels.

[0258] Clause 17. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 16, wherein the one or more measurements include: one or more sidelink reference signal time difference (SL-RSTD) measurements, one or more sidelink receive-transmit (SL-Rx-Tx) time difference measurements, one or more sidelink angle of arrival (SL-AoA) measurements, or any combination thereof.

[0259] Clause 18. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 17, wherein the sidelink positioning measurement report is a location information message provided by the Sidelink Positioning Protocol (SLPP).

[0260] Clause 19. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: obtaining one or more measurements of one or more sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; and sending a sidelink positioning measurement report to a location server or another UE, the sidelink positioning measurement report including at least the one or more measurements and one or more parameters associated with the one or more measurements, wherein the one or more parameters include: an indication of whether the one or more measurements were obtained within a shared sidelink resource pool, an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are random resources, partially sensed resources, or fully sensed resources, an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are frequency-shifted, an indication of whether inter-UE coordination is enabled for the one or more measurements, an indication of channel congestion-related configuration, the location of a DC tone, or any combination thereof.

[0261] Clause 20. The method according to Clause 19, wherein: the one or more parameters include the indication of whether inter-UE coordination is enabled, and the one or more parameters further include an inter-UE coordination scheme.

[0262] Clause 21. The method according to any one of Clauses 19 to 20, wherein: the one or more parameters include the indication of the channel congestion-related configuration, and the channel congestion-related configuration includes a channel busy rate (CBR) configuration, a channel occupancy rate (CR) configuration, or both.

[0263] Clause 22. The method according to any one of Clauses 19 to 21, wherein the one or more measurements include: one or more sidelink reference signal time difference (SL-RSTD) measurements, one or more sidelink receive-transmit (SL-Rx-Tx) time difference measurements, one or more sidelink angle of arrival (SL-AoA) measurements, or any combination thereof.

[0264] Clause 23. The method according to any one of Clauses 19 to 22, wherein the sidelink positioning measurement report is a location information message provided by the Sidelink Positioning Protocol (SLPP).

[0265] Clause 24. A user equipment (UE) comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors being individually or in combination configured to: acquire one or more measurements of one or more sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; and transmit a sidelink positioning measurement report via the one or more transceivers to a location server or another UE, the sidelink positioning measurement report including at least the one or more measurements and one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the one or more measurements, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: a starting frequency location and a magnitude of a frequency allocation for the measurement, or the starting frequency location and an ending frequency location for the measurement.

[0266] Clause 25. The UE as described in Clause 24, wherein each of the one or more measurements is associated with one of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters.

[0267] Clause 26. The UE as described in Clause 25, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) associated with the measurement, a subchannel size associated with the measurement, a starting resource block for a starting subchannel associated with the measurement, and a number of subchannels associated with the measurement.

[0268] Clause 27. The UE according to any one of Clauses 25 to 26, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) associated with the measurement, a starting resource block associated with the measurement relative to the ARFCN, and the size of the resource block associated with the frequency allocation of the measurement.

[0269] Clause 28. The UE according to any one of Clauses 24 to 27, wherein: the one or more measurements comprise one or more measurement groups, and each of the one or more measurement groups is associated with one of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters.

[0270] Clause 29. The UE as described in Clause 28, wherein one or more of the measurements are obtained within the same sidelink resource pool.

[0271] Clause 30. The UE according to any one of Clauses 28 to 29, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups is identical for each measurement in the measurement group.

[0272] Clause 31. The UE according to any one of Clauses 28 to 30, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups includes: the starting frequency position and the magnitude of the frequency allocation applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, or the starting frequency position and the ending frequency position applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

[0273] Clause 32. The UE according to any one of Clauses 28 to 31, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, a subchannel size applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, a starting resource block applicable to the starting subchannel of all measurements in the measurement group, and a number of subchannels applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

[0274] Clause 33. The UE according to any one of Clauses 28 to 32, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, a starting resource block relative to the ARFCN applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and a resource block size applicable to the frequency allocation of all measurements in the measurement group.

[0275] Clause 34. The UE according to any one of Clauses 28 to 33, wherein: each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters includes a first subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups and a second subset of frequency allocation information parameters, each first subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the measurement group being identical for each measurement in the measurement group, and each second subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the measurement group including frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group.

[0276] Clause 35. The UE as described in Clause 34, wherein each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters includes the absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

[0277] Clause 36. The UE as described in Clause 35, wherein the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: the subchannel size for each measurement in the measurement group, the starting resource block for the starting subchannel for each measurement in the measurement group, and the number of subchannels for each measurement in the measurement group.

[0278] Clause 37. The UE according to any one of Clauses 35 to 36, wherein the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: the starting resource block for the measurement relative to the ARFCN, and the size of the resource block for frequency allocation of the measurement.

[0279] Clause 38. The UE according to any one of Clauses 35 to 37, wherein: each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters further includes a subchannel size applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: an initial resource block for an initial subchannel for each measurement in the measurement group, and a number of subchannels for each measurement in the measurement group.

[0280] Clause 39. The UE according to any one of Clauses 35 to 38, wherein: each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters further includes the subchannel size and the starting resource block of the starting subchannel applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include the number of subchannels.

[0281] Clause 40. The UE pursuant to any one of Clauses 24 to 39, wherein the one or more measurements comprise: one or more sidelink reference signal time difference (SL-RSTD) measurements, one or more sidelink receive-transmit (SL-Rx-Tx) time difference measurements, one or more sidelink angle of arrival (SL-AoA) measurements, or any combination thereof.

[0282] Clause 41. The UE pursuant to any one of Clauses 24 to 40, wherein the sidelink location measurement report is a location information message provided by the Sidelink Location Protocol (SLPP).

[0283] Clause 42. A user equipment (UE) comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors being individually or in combination configured to: acquire one or more measurements of one or more sidelink location reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; and transmit a sidelink location measurement report via the one or more transceivers to a location server or another UE, the sidelink location measurement report including at least the one or more measurements and one or more parameters associated with the one or more measurements, wherein the one or more parameters include: an indication of whether the one or more measurements were acquired within a shared sidelink resource pool, an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are random resources, partially sensed resources, or fully sensed resources, an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are frequency-shifted, an indication of whether inter-UE coordination is enabled for the one or more measurements, an indication of channel congestion-related configuration, the location of a DC tone, or any combination thereof.

[0284] Clause 43. The UE as described in Clause 42, wherein: the one or more parameters include an indication of whether inter-UE coordination is enabled, and the one or more parameters further include an inter-UE coordination scheme.

[0285] Clause 44. The UE pursuant to any one of Clauses 42 to 43, wherein: the one or more parameters include the indication of the channel congestion-related configuration, and the channel congestion-related configuration includes a channel busy rate (CBR) configuration, a channel occupancy rate (CR) configuration, or both.

[0286] Clause 45. The UE pursuant to any one of Clauses 42 to 44, wherein the one or more measurements comprise: one or more sidelink reference signal time difference (SL-RSTD) measurements, one or more sidelink receive-transmit (SL-Rx-Tx) time difference measurements, one or more sidelink angle of arrival (SL-AoA) measurements, or any combination thereof.

[0287] Clause 46. The UE pursuant to any one of Clauses 42 to 45, wherein the sidelink location measurement report is a location information message provided by the Sidelink Location Protocol (SLPP).

[0288] Clause 47. A user equipment (UE) comprising: components for obtaining one or more measurements of one or more sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; and components for transmitting a sidelink positioning measurement report to a location server or another UE, the sidelink positioning measurement report including at least the one or more measurements and one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the one or more measurements, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: a starting frequency location and a magnitude of a frequency allocation for the measurement, or the starting frequency location and an ending frequency location for the measurement.

[0289] Clause 48. The UE as described in Clause 47, wherein each of the one or more measurements is associated with one of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters.

[0290] Clause 49. The UE as described in Clause 48, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) associated with the measurement, a subchannel size associated with the measurement, a starting resource block of a starting subchannel associated with the measurement, and a number of subchannels associated with the measurement.

[0291] Clause 50. The UE according to any one of Clauses 48 to 49, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) associated with the measurement, a starting resource block associated with the measurement relative to the ARFCN, and the size of the resource block associated with the frequency allocation of the measurement.

[0292] Clause 51. The UE according to any one of Clauses 47 to 50, wherein: the one or more measurements comprise one or more measurement groups, and each of the one or more measurement groups is associated with one of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters.

[0293] Clause 52. The UE as described in Clause 51, wherein one or more of the measurements are obtained within the same sidelink resource pool.

[0294] Clause 53. The UE according to any one of Clauses 51 to 52, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups is identical for each measurement in the measurement group.

[0295] Clause 54. The UE according to any one of Clauses 51 to 53, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups includes: the starting frequency position and the magnitude of the frequency allocation applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, or the starting frequency position and the ending frequency position applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

[0296] Clause 55. The UE according to any one of Clauses 51 to 54, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, a subchannel size applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, a starting resource block applicable to the starting subchannel of all measurements in the measurement group, and a number of subchannels applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

[0297] Clause 56. The UE according to any one of Clauses 51 to 55, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, a starting resource block relative to the ARFCN applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and a resource block size applicable to frequency allocation for all measurements in the measurement group.

[0298] Clause 57. The UE according to any one of Clauses 51 to 56, wherein: each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters includes a first subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups and a second subset of frequency allocation information parameters, each first subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the measurement group being identical for each measurement in the measurement group, and each second subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the measurement group including frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group.

[0299] Clause 58. The UE as described in Clause 57, wherein each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters includes the absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

[0300] Clause 59. The UE as described in Clause 58, wherein the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: the subchannel size for each measurement in the measurement group, the starting resource block for the starting subchannel for each measurement in the measurement group, and the number of subchannels for each measurement in the measurement group.

[0301] Clause 60. The UE according to any one of Clauses 58 to 59, wherein the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: the starting resource block for the measurement relative to the ARFCN, and the size of the resource block for frequency allocation of the measurement.

[0302] Clause 61. The UE according to any one of Clauses 58 to 60, wherein: each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters further includes a subchannel size applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: an initial resource block for an initial subchannel for each measurement in the measurement group, and a number of subchannels for each measurement in the measurement group.

[0303] Clause 62. The UE according to any one of Clauses 58 to 61, wherein: each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters further includes the subchannel size and the starting resource block of the starting subchannel applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include the number of subchannels.

[0304] Clause 63. The UE pursuant to any one of Clauses 47 to 62, wherein the one or more measurements comprise: one or more sidelink reference signal time difference (SL-RSTD) measurements, one or more sidelink receive-transmit (SL-Rx-Tx) time difference measurements, one or more sidelink angle of arrival (SL-AoA) measurements, or any combination thereof.

[0305] Clause 64. The UE pursuant to any one of Clauses 47 to 63, wherein the sidelink location measurement report is a location information message provided by the Sidelink Location Protocol (SLPP).

[0306] Clause 65. A user equipment (UE) comprising: components for obtaining one or more measurements of one or more sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; and components for sending a sidelink positioning measurement report to a location server or another UE, the sidelink positioning measurement report including at least the one or more measurements and one or more parameters associated with the one or more measurements, wherein the one or more parameters include: an indication of whether the one or more measurements were obtained within a shared sidelink resource pool, an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are random resources, partially sensed resources, or fully sensed resources, an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are frequency-shifted, an indication of whether inter-UE coordination is enabled for the one or more measurements, an indication of channel congestion-related configuration, the location of a DC tone, or any combination thereof.

[0307] Clause 66. The UE as described in Clause 65, wherein: the one or more parameters include an indication of whether inter-UE coordination is enabled, and the one or more parameters further include an inter-UE coordination scheme.

[0308] Clause 67. The UE pursuant to any one of Clauses 65 to 66, wherein: the one or more parameters include the indication of the channel congestion-related configuration, and the channel congestion-related configuration includes a channel busy rate (CBR) configuration, a channel occupancy rate (CR) configuration, or both.

[0309] Clause 68. The UE pursuant to any one of Clauses 65 to 67, wherein the one or more measurements comprise: one or more sidelink reference signal time difference (SL-RSTD) measurements, one or more sidelink receive-transmit (SL-Rx-Tx) time difference measurements, one or more sidelink angle of arrival (SL-AoA) measurements, or any combination thereof.

[0310] Clause 69. The UE pursuant to any one of Clauses 65 to 68, wherein the sidelink location measurement report is a location information message provided by the Sidelink Location Protocol (SLPP).

[0311] Clause 70. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: obtain one or more measurements of one or more sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; and send a sidelink positioning measurement report to a location server or another UE, the sidelink positioning measurement report including at least the one or more measurements and one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the one or more measurements, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: a starting frequency location and a magnitude of a frequency allocation for the measurement, or the starting frequency location and an ending frequency location for the measurement.

[0312] Clause 71. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as described in Clause 70, wherein each of the one or more measurements is associated with one of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters.

[0313] Clause 72. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Clause 71, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) associated with the measurement, a subchannel size associated with the measurement, a starting resource block of a starting subchannel associated with the measurement, and a number of subchannels associated with the measurement.

[0314] Clause 73. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 71 to 72, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) associated with the measurement, a starting resource block associated with the measurement relative to the ARFCN, and the size of the resource block of the frequency allocation associated with the measurement.

[0315] Clause 74. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 70 to 73, wherein: the one or more measurements comprise one or more groups of measurements, and each of the one or more groups of measurements is associated with one of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters.

[0316] Clause 75. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as described in Clause 74, wherein the one or more measurements are obtained within the same sidelink resource pool.

[0317] Clause 76. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 74 to 75, wherein each set of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups is identical for each measurement in the measurement group.

[0318] Clause 77. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 74 to 76, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups includes: the magnitude of the starting frequency position and frequency allocation applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, or the starting frequency position and ending frequency position applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

[0319] Clause 78. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 74 to 77, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, a subchannel size applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, a starting resource block applicable to the starting subchannel of all measurements in the measurement group, and a number of subchannels applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

[0320] Clause 79. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 74 to 78, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups includes: an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, a starting resource block relative to the ARFCN applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and a resource block size applicable to the frequency allocation of all measurements in the measurement group.

[0321] Clause 80. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 74 to 79, wherein: each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters includes a first subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups and a second subset of frequency allocation information parameters, each first subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the measurement group being identical for each measurement in the measurement group, and each second subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the measurement group including frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group.

[0322] Clause 81. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as described in Clause 80, wherein each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters includes an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

[0323] Clause 82. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Clause 81, wherein the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: the subchannel size for each measurement in the measurement group, the starting resource block for the starting subchannel for each measurement in the measurement group, and the number of subchannels for each measurement in the measurement group.

[0324] Clause 83. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 81 to 82, wherein the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: a starting resource block for the measurement relative to the ARFCN, and the size of the resource block for frequency allocation of the measurement.

[0325] Clause 84. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 81 to 83, wherein: each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters further includes a subchannel size applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: an initial resource block for an initial subchannel for each measurement in the measurement group, and a number of subchannels for each measurement in the measurement group.

[0326] Clause 85. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 81 to 84, wherein: each first subset of frequency allocation information parameters further includes a subchannel size and an initial resource block for the starting subchannel applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include the number of subchannels.

[0327] Clause 86. A non-transitory computer-readable medium pursuant to any one of Clauses 70 to 85, wherein the one or more measurements comprise: one or more sidelink reference signal time difference (SL-RSTD) measurements, one or more sidelink receive-transmit (SL-Rx-Tx) time difference measurements, one or more sidelink angle of arrival (SL-AoA) measurements, or any combination thereof.

[0328] Clause 87. A nontransitory computer-readable medium pursuant to any one of Clauses 70 to 86, wherein the sidelink location measurement report is a location information message provided by the Sidelink Location Protocol (SLPP).

[0329] Clause 88. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: obtain one or more measurements of one or more sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; and send a sidelink positioning measurement report to a location server or another UE, the sidelink positioning measurement report including at least the one or more measurements and one or more parameters associated with the one or more measurements, wherein the one or more parameters include: an indication of whether the one or more measurements were obtained within a shared sidelink resource pool; an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are random resources, partially sensed resources, or fully sensed resources; an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are frequency-shifted; an indication of whether inter-UE coordination is enabled for the one or more measurements; an indication of channel congestion-related configuration; the location of a DC tone; or any combination thereof.

[0330] Clause 89. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as described in Clause 88, wherein: the one or more parameters include an indication of whether inter-UE coordination is enabled, and the one or more parameters further include an inter-UE coordination scheme.

[0331] Clause 90. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 88 to 89, wherein: the one or more parameters include the indication of the channel congestion-related configuration, and the channel congestion-related configuration includes a channel busy rate (CBR) configuration, a channel occupancy rate (CR) configuration, or both.

[0332] Clause 91. A non-transitory computer-readable medium pursuant to any one of Clauses 88 to 90, wherein the one or more measurements comprise: one or more sidelink reference signal time difference (SL-RSTD) measurements, one or more sidelink receive-transmit (SL-Rx-Tx) time difference measurements, one or more sidelink angle of arrival (SL-AoA) measurements, or any combination thereof.

[0333] Clause 92. A nontransitory computer-readable medium pursuant to any one of Clauses 88 to 91, wherein the sidelink location measurement report is a location information message provided by the Sidelink Location Protocol (SLPP).

[0334] Those skilled in the art will understand that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be mentioned throughout the above description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0335] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability between hardware and software, various exemplary components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above in general terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functionality in different ways for each specific application, but such specific implementation decisions should not be construed as departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0336] The various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in alternative embodiments, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0337] The methods, sequences, and / or algorithms described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of both. The software module may reside in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. Example storage media are coupled to a processor such that the processor can read information from and write information to the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium may be integral with the processor. The processor and storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal (e.g., a UE). Alternatively, the processor and storage medium may reside as discrete components in the user terminal.

[0338] In one or more examples, the described functionality may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality may be stored as one or more instructions or code on or transmitted via a computer-readable medium. A computer-readable medium includes both computer storage media and communication media, which includes any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A storage medium may be any available medium accessible to a computer. By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disc storage, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store the desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and is accessible to a computer. Furthermore, any connection is appropriately referred to as a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included within the definition of a medium. As used herein, disks and optical discs include: compact optical discs (CDs), laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs. Disks typically reproduce data magnetically, while optical discs reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of these should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0339] While the foregoing disclosure illustrates exemplary aspects of this disclosure, it should be noted that various changes and modifications may be made herein without departing from the scope of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims. For example, the functions, steps, and / or actions of the method claims according to aspects of this disclosure described herein need not be performed in any particular order. Furthermore, no component, function, action, or instruction described or claimed herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly stated otherwise. Additionally, as used herein, the terms “set,” “group,” etc., are intended to include one or more of the stated elements. Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “having,” “comprising,” “including,” etc., do not exclude the presence of one or more additional elements (e.g., element “having” A may also have B). Furthermore, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “at least partially based on” unless otherwise explicitly stated. Furthermore, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be open-ended when used in a series and is interchangeable with “and / or” unless otherwise expressly stated (e.g., if used in conjunction with “any” or “only one”), or these alternatives are mutually exclusive (e.g., “one or more” should not be interpreted as “one and more”). Additionally, although components, functions, actions, and instructions may be described or claimed in the singular, plural forms may also be considered unless expressly stated as limited to the singular. Therefore, as used herein, the articles “a,” “an,” “the,” and “the” are intended to include one or more of the described elements. Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “at least one” and “one or more” include “one” component, function, action, or instruction that performs or is capable of performing the described or claimed functionality, and also include “two or more” components, functions, actions, or instructions that perform or are capable of performing the described or claimed functionality in combination.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: Obtain one or more measurements of one or more side link positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; as well as A sidelink positioning measurement report is sent to a location server or another UE. The sidelink positioning measurement report includes at least one or more measurements and one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the one or more measurements. Each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the measurement in the one or more measurements includes: The starting frequency location and the magnitude of the frequency distribution of the measurement, or The measured start frequency position and end frequency position.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more measurements is associated with one of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements comprises: The absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) associated with the measurement. The sub-channel size associated with the measurement, The starting resource block of the starting sub-channel associated with the measurement, and The number of sub-channels associated with the measurement.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements comprises: The absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) associated with the measurement. Relative to the starting resource block associated with the measurement in the ARFCN, and The size of the resource block allocated to the frequency associated with the measurement.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The one or more measurements include one or more groups of measurements, and Each of the one or more measurement groups is associated with one of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the one or more measurements are obtained within the same sidelink resource pool.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups is the same for each measurement in the measurement group.

8. The method of claim 5, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups comprises: The starting frequency location and frequency allocation applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, or The starting and ending frequency positions apply to all measurements in the measurement group.

9. The method of claim 5, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups comprises: Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group. Subchannel size applicable to all measurements in the measurement group. The starting resource block for the starting sub-channels applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and The number of sub-channels applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

10. The method of claim 5, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups comprises: Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group. The starting resource block relative to the ARFCN applies to all measurements in the measurement group, and The size of the resource block for the frequency allocation applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

11. The method according to claim 5, wherein: Each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters includes a first subset and a second subset of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement group in the one or more measurement groups. Each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters associated with the measurement group is identical for each measurement in the measurement group, and Each second subset of the frequency allocation information parameters associated with the measurement group includes frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters includes an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) applicable to all measurements in the measurement group.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: Subchannel size for each measurement in the measurement group, The starting resource block for the starting sub-channel of each measurement in the measurement group, and The number of sub-channels used for each measurement in the measurement group.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: Relative to the starting resource block for the measurement of the ARFCN, and The size of the resource block used for the frequency allocation of the measurement.

15. The method according to claim 12, wherein: Each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters further includes the sub-channel size applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and The frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include: The starting resource block for the starting sub-channel of each measurement in the measurement group, and The number of sub-channels used for each measurement in the measurement group.

16. The method of claim 12, wherein: Each first subset of the frequency allocation information parameters further includes the subchannel size and the starting resource block of the starting subchannel applicable to all measurements in the measurement group, and The frequency allocation information parameters specific to each measurement in the measurement group include the number of sub-channels.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more measurements comprise: One or more sidelink reference signal time difference (SL-RSTD) measurements, One or more sidelinks receive and transmit (SL-Rx-Tx) time difference measurements. One or more side link angle of arrival (SL-AoA) measurements, or Any combination of them.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein the sidelink positioning measurement report is a location information message provided by the Sidelink Positioning Protocol (SLPP).

19. A method for wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: Obtain one or more measurements of one or more side link positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; as well as A sidelink location measurement report is sent to a location server or another UE. The sidelink location measurement report includes at least one or more measurements and one or more parameters associated with the one or more measurements. The one or more parameters include: an indication of whether the one or more measurements were obtained within a shared sidelink resource pool; an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are random resources, partially sensed resources, or fully sensed resources; an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are frequency-shifted; an indication of whether inter-UE coordination is enabled for the one or more measurements; an indication of channel congestion-related configuration; the location of a DC tone; or any combination thereof.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein: The one or more parameters include an indication of whether inter-UE coordination is enabled, and The one or more parameters further include an inter-UE coordination scheme.

21. The method according to claim 19, wherein: The one or more parameters include the indication of the channel congestion-related configuration, and The channel congestion-related configurations include channel busy rate (CBR) configuration, channel occupancy rate (CR) configuration, or both.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein the one or more measurements comprise: One or more sidelink reference signal time difference (SL-RSTD) measurements, One or more sidelinks receive and transmit (SL-Rx-Tx) time difference measurements. One or more side link angle of arrival (SL-AoA) measurements, or Any combination of them.

23. The method of claim 19, wherein the sidelink positioning measurement report is a location information message provided by the Sidelink Positioning Protocol (SLPP).

24. A user equipment (UE), the user equipment (UE) comprising: One or more memory units; One or more transceivers; and One or more processors, communicatively coupled to one or more memories and one or more transceivers, wherein the one or more processors are configured individually or in combination to: Obtain one or more measurements of one or more sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; and A sidelink positioning measurement report is sent to a location server or another UE via the one or more transceivers. The sidelink positioning measurement report includes at least the one or more measurements and one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the one or more measurements. Each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with the measurement in the one or more measurements includes: The starting frequency location and the magnitude of the frequency distribution of the measurement, or The measured start frequency position and end frequency position.

25. The UE of claim 24, wherein each of the one or more measurements is associated with one of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters.

26. The UE of claim 25, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements comprises: The absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) associated with the measurement. The sub-channel size associated with the measurement, The starting resource block of the starting sub-channel associated with the measurement, and The number of sub-channels associated with the measurement.

27. The UE of claim 25, wherein each of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters associated with a measurement in the one or more measurements comprises: The absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) associated with the measurement. Relative to the starting resource block associated with the measurement in the ARFCN, and The size of the resource block allocated to the frequency associated with the measurement.

28. The UE according to claim 24, wherein: The one or more measurements include one or more groups of measurements, and Each of the one or more measurement groups is associated with one of the one or more sets of frequency allocation information parameters.

29. The UE of claim 24, wherein the one or more measurements include: One or more sidelink reference signal time difference (SL-RSTD) measurements, One or more sidelinks receive and transmit (SL-Rx-Tx) time difference measurements. One or more side link angle of arrival (SL-AoA) measurements, or Any combination of them.

30. A user equipment (UE), the user equipment (UE) comprising: One or more memory units; One or more transceivers; and One or more processors, communicatively coupled to one or more memories and one or more transceivers, wherein the one or more processors are configured individually or in combination to: Obtain one or more measurements of one or more sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resources; and A sidelink location measurement report is sent to a location server or another UE via the one or more transceivers. The sidelink location measurement report includes at least the one or more measurements and one or more parameters associated with the one or more measurements. The one or more parameters include: an indication of whether the one or more measurements were obtained within a shared sidelink resource pool; an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are random resources, partially sensed resources, or fully sensed resources; an indication of whether the one or more SL-PRS resources are frequency-shifted; an indication of whether inter-UE coordination is enabled for the one or more measurements; an indication of channel congestion-related configuration; the location of the DC tone; or any combination thereof.

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