CFRP material and metal material laser welding device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of composite material connection, and provides a CFRP material and metal material laser welding device and method.The device comprises a base, a workbench, a texturing pretreatment device and a vibration module, and the workbench is arranged on the base and used for bearing and fixing a CFRP workpiece and a metal workpiece; the texturing pretreatment device is used for machining a to-be-welded surface of the CFRP workpiece to form a micro-groove structure; the vibration module is arranged between the workbench and the base and used for applying spatial multi-dimensional vibration to the workbench in the laser welding process. The texturing pretreatment device is used for constructing a microstructure on the CFRP surface so as to increase the bonding area, spatial multi-dimensional vibration is introduced in the welding process through the vibration module, through the synergistic effect, the micro grooves are effectively filled with molten metal, and finally a firm mechanical interlocking interface is formed. According to the device, the problems of low bonding strength and poor reliability caused by high-temperature failure of a metal microstructure and insufficient one-way filling of resin in a traditional method are remarkably solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of metal and non-metal composite material connection, and particularly relates to a CFRP material and metal material laser welding device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin matrix composite (CFRP) has become a key material for realizing structural lightweight in the fields of aerospace, new energy vehicles and high-end industrial equipment, due to its excellent specific strength, high toughness and excellent fatigue resistance. In actual engineering applications, in order to balance performance and cost, CFRP and light metal materials (such as aluminum alloy, high-strength steel, etc.) are often connected to form a hybrid structure. However, there are significant differences between the two in physical properties (such as thermal expansion coefficient), chemical properties and microstructure, especially the difference in melting point, which brings severe challenges to the connection of dissimilar materials with high strength and high reliability. Although laser welding technology is considered as an ideal connection method due to its high energy density, controllable heat input and easy automation, when it is directly used to weld CFRP and metal, the joint interface is prone to stress concentration due to the sudden change of material properties, and the high temperature easily leads to thermal decomposition of the CFRP resin matrix, so it is difficult to ensure the interface bonding strength.

[0003] At present, the mainstream technical approach to improving the performance of metal / CFRP laser welded joints is to pretreat the metal surface, for example, by laser etching a micro-nano scale groove or grid structure on the surface. In the welding process, the softened CFRP resin matrix is made to flow and fill into the microstructure on the surface of the metal by applying pressure, and after cooling, a mechanical interlocking effect is formed, thereby enhancing the connection strength. However, this method has inherent limitations: first, the microstructure on the surface of the metal may be locally melted or deformed under the high temperature of laser welding, resulting in failure of the preset anchoring geometric features and weakening the mechanical interlocking effect; second, this method relies on the one-way flow and filling of the resin, and the connection effect is significantly affected by the fluctuation of process parameters, so the interface bonding strength and long-term reliability still need to be further improved. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the present application provides a CFRP material and metal material laser welding device and method, which solves the technical problems of low bonding strength and poor interface reliability of dissimilar material joints caused by the melting failure of the microstructure on the surface of the metal under the welding high temperature and the insufficient one-way flow and filling of the CFRP resin.

[0005] The technical scheme of the present application is implemented as follows: In a first aspect, the present application provides a CFRP material and metal material laser welding device, comprising: a base; A workbench is arranged on the base and used to carry and fix the CFRP workpiece and the metal workpiece. A roughening pretreatment device is arranged on the base and used to form a micro-groove structure on the welding surface of the CFRP workpiece. A vibration module is arranged between the workbench and the base and used to apply spatial multi-dimensional vibration to the workbench during the laser welding process, wherein the vibration applied by the vibration module is used to promote the metal molten body to fill into the micro-groove structure to form a mechanical interlocking interface.

[0006] Based on the above technical solution, preferably, the roughening pretreatment device comprises: A shell is arranged on one side of the base, and a CFRP clamping groove is arranged on the top surface of the shell, which forms an installation channel for the CFRP workpiece to be inserted into the interior of the shell. A linear laser generator is arranged in the shell and used to perform laser scanning on the welding surface of the CFRP workpiece inserted through the CFRP clamping groove to form a micro-groove structure.

[0007] Based on the above technical solution, preferably, the roughening pretreatment device further comprises: A glass partition plate is horizontally fixedly arranged in the shell and located between the CFRP clamping groove and the linear laser generator, which is used to isolate the impurities generated in the roughening process from polluting the linear laser generator.

[0008] Based on the above technical solution, preferably, a dust collector is arranged on the outside of the shell and used to suck away the impurities generated in the roughening process.

[0009] Based on the above technical solution, preferably, the roughening pretreatment further comprises a movement mechanism arranged in the shell, the movement mechanism comprises a mounting seat, a linear movement module and a lifting module, the linear laser generator is arranged on the mounting seat, the linear movement module is used to drive the linear laser generator to move horizontally on the mounting seat along the extension direction of the CFRP clamping groove, and the lifting module is used to drive the mounting seat and the linear laser generator to move in the vertical direction.

[0010] Based on the above technical solution, preferably, the base has a mounting cavity with a top opening, the workbench is arranged in the mounting cavity, and vibration modules are arranged on the four side walls and the bottom wall of the mounting cavity and used to apply spatial vibration in multiple directions to the workbench.

[0011] Based on the above technical solution, preferably, the vibration module comprises: A first fixing seat is used to be fixedly connected with the workbench. A second fixing base is used for fixedly connecting with the inner wall or the bottom wall of the mounting cavity; A scissor linkage mechanism is hingedly connected between the first fixing base and the second fixing base, and is used for guiding and restricting the relative translational movement between the first fixing base and the second fixing base; A vibration exciter is connected between the first fixing base and the second fixing base, and is used for generating mechanical excitation for driving the first fixing base and the second fixing base to vibrate relative to each other; An elastic member is arranged between the first fixing base and the second fixing base, and is used for providing buffering during vibration and enabling the first fixing base and the second fixing base to rebound to the initial relative position after vibration.

[0012] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the scissor linkage mechanism comprises a first linkage rod and a second linkage rod, the middle portions of the first linkage rod and the second linkage rod are hingedly connected, one end of the first linkage rod is hingedly connected with the first fixing base, the other end of the first linkage rod is in sliding fit with a horizontal sliding groove on the second fixing base, one end of the second linkage rod is hingedly connected with the second fixing base, and the other end of the second linkage rod is in sliding fit with a horizontal sliding groove on the first fixing base.

[0013] In a second aspect, the application discloses a CFRP material and metal material laser welding method, which utilizes the CFRP material and metal material laser welding device of the first aspect, and comprises the following steps: Performing laser texturing treatment on the surface to be welded of the CFRP workpiece to form a micro-groove structure; Clamping and fixing the CFRP workpiece and the metal workpiece subjected to the texturing treatment on the workbench; While performing laser welding, the vibration module is used to apply spatial multi-dimensional vibration to the workbench, so that the metal molten body fills into the micro-groove structure under the action of vibration to form a mechanical interlocking interface.

[0014] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, in the step of applying spatial multi-dimensional vibration, vibration parameters of the vibration module are controlled, vibration output in any spatial direction is synthesized based on the vector synthesis principle, wherein the vibration parameters include amplitude, frequency and phase, and the vibration direction is controlled by adjusting the ratio of these parameters.

[0015] The application has the following beneficial effects relative to the prior art: 1) The CFRP material and metal material laser welding device disclosed in the application realizes stable clamping of a workpiece through a base and a workbench, constructs a microstructure on the surface of the CFRP by using a roughening pretreatment device to increase the bonding area, and introduces spatial multidimensional vibration in the welding process through a vibration module, so that the metal melt is effectively filled into the microgroove, and a firm mechanical interlocking interface is finally formed. The device significantly overcomes the problems of low bonding strength and poor reliability caused by high-temperature failure of the metal microstructure and insufficient one-way filling of the resin in the traditional method.

[0016] 2) Through the cooperative work of the mounting seat, the linear movement module and the lifting module, the linear laser generator is provided with accurate and controllable movement ability in the horizontal and vertical directions. This design enables the laser roughening processing to form a uniform, consistent and controllable microgroove structure pattern on the surface of the CFRP workpiece according to the preset program, thereby providing a key guarantee for obtaining a high-quality and high-repetitive welding joint.

[0017] 3) By arranging multiple vibration modules on the four side walls and the bottom wall of the mounting cavity, the multi-point distributed layout enables the vibration energy to be more uniformly transmitted to the entire workbench, avoids local stress concentration, and enables the workbench to generate a complex spatial composite vibration trajectory instead of a simple one-way reciprocating motion. The vibration modules can work cooperatively, and the vibration generated thereby is finally combined into a spatial multidimensional vibration output with a specific direction and size through vector synthesis.

[0018] 4) The welding method disclosed in the application combines static microstructure anchoring with dynamic vibration energy regulation and control through the process sequence of surface roughening pretreatment, accurate positioning and clamping, and vibration-assisted welding. This method effectively solves the core technical problems of low interface bonding strength and poor reliability caused by high-temperature failure of the metal microstructure, insufficient one-way filling of the resin and thermal stress concentration in the traditional technology, and finally realizes high-strength and high-reliability mechanical interlocking connection between the CFRP and the metal.

[0019] 5) By independently adjusting vibration parameters such as amplitude, frequency and phase, and based on a strict vector synthesis mathematical model, the direction and size of the combined vibration are accurately and programmably controlled. This enables the workbench to generate optimal spatial multidimensional vibration that adapts to different welding requirements, thereby most effectively promoting the filling of molten metal into the CFRP microgroove and obtaining a high-strength and high-reliability welding joint. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 A perspective view of the laser welding device for CFRP material and metal material disclosed in the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure. Figure 2 A perspective view of the roughening pretreatment device disclosed in the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure. Figure 3 A perspective view of the laser welding device for CFRP material and metal material disclosed in the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure. Figure 4 A perspective view of the laser welding device for CFRP material and metal material disclosed in the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure. Figure 5 A perspective view of the laser welding device for CFRP material and metal material disclosed in the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure. Figure 4 A perspective view of the laser welding device for CFRP material and metal material disclosed in the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure. Figure 6 A perspective view of the laser welding device for CFRP material and metal material disclosed in the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure. Figure 7 A perspective view of the laser welding device for CFRP material and metal material disclosed in the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure. Reference signs: 1, base; 11, mounting cavity; 2, workbench; 21, welding groove; 3, CFRP workpiece; 4, metal workpiece; 5, roughening pretreatment device; 51, shell; 510, CFRP clamping groove; 52, linear laser generator; 53, glass partition; 54, dust collector; 55, motion mechanism; 551, mounting seat; 552, linear motion module; 553, lifting module; 6, vibration module; 61, first fixing seat; 62, second fixing seat; 63, scissor linkage mechanism; 64, exciter; 65, elastic member; 631, first connecting rod; 632, second connecting rod; C, horizontal sliding groove; 7, laser welding head. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, the technical solutions in the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings in the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor also belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0023] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0024] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0025] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0026] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0027] The following disclosure provides numerous different embodiments or examples for implementing various structures of this application. To simplify the disclosure, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. These are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples. Such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed. In addition, various specific examples of processes and materials are provided in this application; however, those skilled in the art will recognize the applicability of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, combined with Figures 2-6The first embodiment of the present application discloses a CFRP material and metal material laser welding device, which comprises a base 1, a workbench 2, a roughening pretreatment device 5 and a vibration module 6.

[0029] The base 1 constitutes the support body of the whole device and provides a stable mounting basis for each functional module. The workbench 2 is arranged on the base 1 and is used to carry and fix the CFRP workpiece 3 and the metal workpiece 4 to be welded. The design of the workbench 2 ensures that the two dissimilar materials can maintain accurate positioning and stable relative position during the welding process, thereby providing a prerequisite for subsequent high-quality welding connection.

[0030] As some specific examples, the CFRP workpiece 3 and the metal workpiece 4 in the present application are both plate-shaped workpieces, and the two workpieces are butt-jointed. In some embodiments, a clamping tool such as a quick clamp can be arranged on the workbench 2 to position the CFRP workpiece 3 and the metal workpiece 4, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the subsequent welding position.

[0031] In the present embodiment, the welding groove 21 arranged on the top surface of the workbench 2 provides accurate positioning for the butt joint of the CFRP workpiece 3 and the metal workpiece 4. When the two workpieces are butt-jointed, the joint is located just above the welding groove 21, which provides an unobstructed irradiation path for the laser beam of the laser welding head 7, thereby facilitating accurate laser welding of the joint.

[0032] It is worth noting that during the laser welding process, the laser welding head 7 needs to be appropriately biased towards the side of the metal workpiece 4. The core purpose of this biasing strategy is to take advantage of the high melting point and large heat capacity of the metal material to make it preferentially absorb most of the laser energy and form a molten pool. The metal molten pool acts as a high-temperature heat source, which transmits heat to the adjacent CFRP workpiece 3 through heat conduction. This indirect heating method can effectively avoid the direct irradiation of the high-energy-density laser beam on the CFRP surface, thereby significantly reducing the thermal decomposition, ablation or carbonization of the CFRP resin matrix, and maximizing the integrity of the micro-groove structure formed in the roughening pretreatment stage, which is crucial for mechanical interlocking.

[0033] The roughening pretreatment device 5 is arranged on the base 1 and is used to pretreat the surface of the CFRP workpiece 3 to be welded. Through the roughening pretreatment device 5, a micro-groove structure with a predetermined pattern can be formed on the originally smooth and dense CFRP surface. These micro-grooves significantly increase the effective specific surface area of the CFRP and change its surface topography, thereby providing a structural basis for the infiltration and anchoring of the molten metal during the subsequent welding process. This pretreatment converts the flat and smooth interface into a combined interface with three-dimensional spatial characteristics.

[0034] The vibration module 6 is arranged between the workbench 2 and the base 1, and is activated during the laser welding process. The vibration module 6 of the embodiment can apply spatial multi-dimensional vibration to the entire workbench 2, which is not in a single direction, but can be synthesized and regulated in three-dimensional space. When the laser irradiation causes the metal material to locally melt to form a molten pool, the applied spatial multi-dimensional vibration provides additional kinetic energy for the molten metal to overcome its surface tension, drive it to flow more fully into the micro-groove structure on the surface of the CFRP, and fill it. At the same time, the vibration helps to break the oxide film that may exist at the interface, promotes the physical and chemical action at the interface, and helps to release and homogenize the welding residual stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the dissimilar materials, so that the connection between the CFRP workpiece 3 and the metal workpiece 4 is more firm.

[0035] The device disclosed in the embodiment of the application realizes stable clamping of the workpiece through the base 1 and the workbench 2, constructs a microstructure on the surface of the CFRP through the roughening pretreatment device 5 to increase the bonding area, and introduces spatial multi-dimensional vibration during the welding process through the vibration module 6, thereby synergistically promoting the filling of the metal melt into the micro-groove, and finally forming a firm mechanical interlocking interface. The device significantly overcomes the problems of low bonding strength and poor reliability caused by the high-temperature failure of the metal microstructure and the insufficient one-way filling of the resin in the traditional method.

[0036] In some embodiments, the roughening pretreatment device 5 includes a housing 51 and a linear laser generator 52.

[0037] The housing 51 is fixedly arranged on one side of the base 1, and provides a stable and closed physical space for the roughening pretreatment operation. The top surface of the housing 51 is provided with a CFRP clamping groove 510, which constitutes a special mounting channel for inserting the CFRP workpiece 3 into the interior of the housing 51. This design ensures that the CFRP workpiece 3 can be quickly and accurately positioned and clamped, so that the welding surface is accurately exposed to the processing area in the housing 51.

[0038] The linear laser generator 52 is arranged in the housing 51, and its function is to perform laser scanning on the welding surface of the CFRP workpiece 3 inserted and fixed through the CFRP clamping groove 510. The laser beam acts on the CFRP surface according to the preset path and parameters, and processes the micro-groove structure with a specific topography on the CFRP surface by ablation or modification. These micro-grooves fundamentally change the original smooth state of the CFRP surface.

[0039] These micro-groove structures are formed by laser texturing, and their specific shapes can be rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, etc. The distribution pattern can be accurately designed according to the material type of CFRP and the welding strength requirement. These microstructures work together to greatly increase the effective bonding area of CFRP and metal, transforming traditional flat lamination into three-dimensional structural engagement, which is the key to significantly improving the strength of dissimilar material joints.

[0040] In some embodiments, the micro-grooves need to have sufficient depth to provide significant anchoring effect. The exemplary depth range can be between 10 microns and 100 microns. If the depth is too shallow, such as less than 10 microns, the anchoring effect is limited; if the depth is too deep, such as more than 100 microns, it may damage the CFRP surface fibers excessively, affecting its strength.

[0041] In addition, the opening width of the micro-groove directly affects the flowability and fillability of the molten metal. The exemplary width range can be between 20 microns and 150 microns. A suitable width can ensure that the metal melt flows in sufficiently under the assistance of vibration. The distance between adjacent grooves determines the density of anchoring points per unit area. The exemplary spacing range can be between 30 microns and 200 microns. Reasonable spacing design helps to form a uniform and high-density mechanical interlocking interface. Secondly, the ratio of the depth to the width of the groove is a key parameter affecting its structural stability and anchoring efficiency, and the exemplary depth-to-width ratio range can be between 0.5:1 and 2:1. A suitable depth-to-width ratio can ensure that the groove structure maintains shape stability during processing, and forms a strong and tough hook-shaped interlocking after filling the metal.

[0042] In some embodiments, the texturing pretreatment device 5 also includes a glass partition 53. The glass partition 53 is horizontally fixedly arranged in the interior space of the shell 51, and is between the CFRP clamping groove 510 and the linear laser generator 52. This layout makes the glass partition 53 physically a barrier, separating the interior space of the shell 51 in the vertical direction.

[0043] During the texturing process, the laser acting on the CFRP surface will produce small processing residues and smoke dust impurities. The core function of the glass partition 53 is to block these upwardly flying or diffusing impurities from directly contacting the optical components and motion mechanism 55 of the linear laser generator 52 located below it. This physical isolation effectively prevents impurities from adhering to the lenses or guide rails of the laser generator, thereby preventing problems such as laser energy attenuation, beam quality degradation, or equipment motion jamming caused by contamination.

[0044] In this embodiment, the glass partition 53 is made of an optical material with high light transmittance and high temperature resistance to ensure that the laser beam can pass through it efficiently and without distortion, thereby completing the scanning and processing of the CFRP surface and not affecting the core function of the texturing process.

[0045] In some embodiments, a dust collector 54 is arranged outside the housing 51 and connected to the internal processing space of the housing 51 through a pipe or an interface.

[0046] During the texturing process, a small amount of smoke and tiny processing residues and other impurities will be generated on the surface of the CFRP due to the action of the laser. If these impurities accumulate inside the housing 51, they will re-deposit on the surface of the CFRP that has been processed or is to be processed, affecting the appearance quality and consistency of the micro-grooves. The dust collector 54 is started during processing and generates a negative pressure airflow inside it. This airflow continuously extracts the smoke and light impurities suspended in the space inside the housing 51 through the connecting channel.

[0047] By actively and timely removing the processing by-products, the dust collector 54 helps to maintain a clean processing environment inside the housing 51. This effectively avoids secondary pollution caused by the accumulation of impurities, ensuring the cleanliness of the surface of the CFRP workpiece 3 during each texturing process, thereby ensuring the stable and reliable processing quality of the micro-groove structure.

[0048] In some embodiments, the texturing pretreatment also includes a motion mechanism 55 arranged inside the housing 51. The motion mechanism 55 is used to realize precise and controllable laser scanning processing of the surface of the CFRP workpiece 3.

[0049] Specifically, the motion mechanism 55 is arranged in the internal space of the housing 51, and its main components include a mounting seat 551, a linear movement module 552, and a lifting module 553. The linear laser generator 52 is slidably arranged on the mounting seat 551, so that the linear laser generator 52 and the mounting seat 551 form a coordinated motion as a whole.

[0050] The linear movement module 552 is associated with the mounting seat 551 and the linear laser generator 52. The function of this module is to drive the linear laser generator 52 to move horizontally in a specific direction. This moving direction is consistent with the extension direction of the CFRP slot 510, ensuring that the laser scanning trajectory can cover the entire required processing area of the surface of the CFRP workpiece 3 to be welded. By controlling the motion parameters of the linear movement module 552, the path, speed, and repetition number of the laser scanning can be accurately set.

[0051] In some embodiments, the linear movement module 552 is arranged on the mounting seat 551 to drive the linear laser generator 52 to move horizontally on the mounting seat 551 along the extension direction of the CFRP slot 510. As some implementations, the linear movement module 552 can be a lead screw module.

[0052] The function of the lifting module 553 is to drive the entire mounting seat 551, together with the linear laser generator 52 fixed thereon, to move in the vertical direction. This vertical displacement enables the focal spot of the linear laser generator 52 to be accurately adjusted to the optimal machining plane on the surface of the CFRP workpiece 3, and allows the machining of micro-grooves of different depths according to the machining requirements. The combination of horizontal and vertical movements enables the laser focal point to achieve precise two-dimensional or three-dimensional scanning motion on the surface of the CFRP.

[0053] In some embodiments, the lifting module 553 can drive the entire mounting seat 551, linear laser generator 52 and linear movement module 552 to move up and down. As some embodiments, the lifting module 553 is a rope winding lifting structure, which specifically includes a fixed frame, a winding disc, a winding motor and a winding rope. The fixed frame is fixedly connected with the side wall of the mounting seat 551, the winding disc is rotationally arranged on the fixed frame, the winding motor is fixedly arranged on the fixed frame and used to drive the winding disc to rotate, and one end of the winding rope is wound on the winding disc and the other end is fixedly connected with the glass partition plate 53. Thus, when the mounting seat 551 needs to move upward, the winding motor drives the winding disc to wind the winding rope, and at this time the entire mounting seat 551, linear laser generator 52 and linear movement module 552 move upward. When the mounting seat 551 needs to move downward, the winding motor drives the winding disc to unwind the winding rope, and at this time the entire mounting seat 551, linear laser generator 52 and linear movement module 552 move downward.

[0054] By setting the lifting module 553 as a rope winding lifting structure, the vertical space of the shell 51 can be fully utilized, and the use of traditional lifting cylinders or other lifting structures can be avoided, which causes a larger occupation of the vertical space inside the shell 51.

[0055] Through the cooperative work of the mounting seat 551, the linear movement module 552 and the lifting module 553, the linear laser generator 52 is provided with precise and controllable movement ability in the horizontal and vertical directions. This design enables the laser texturing machining to form a uniform, consistent and controllable micro-groove structure pattern on the surface of the CFRP workpiece 3 according to the preset program, which provides a key guarantee for obtaining high-quality and high-repetitive welding joints subsequently. The movement mechanism 55 is an important part of realizing automatic and intelligent precision machining.

[0056] In some embodiments, the base 1 has a top-opened mounting cavity 11, which constitutes a closed or semi-closed structural space for containing and guiding vibration. The workbench 2 is arranged inside the mounting cavity 11 and used to carry the CFRP workpiece 3 and the metal workpiece 4. This layout enables the workbench 2 and the workpieces thereon to be in a defined space, which provides stable boundary conditions for applying controllable vibration.

[0057] The vibration modules 6 are arranged on the four side walls and the bottom wall of the mounting cavity 11. This surrounding distribution makes the vibration excitation source not act in a single direction, but simultaneously or in a certain time sequence from multiple different directions on the workbench 2. The side walls of the mounting cavity 11 mainly provide horizontal plane (X, Y direction) vibration excitation, and the bottom wall of the mounting cavity 11 mainly provides vertical direction (Z direction) vibration excitation.

[0058] The plurality of vibration modules 6 are arranged on the four side walls and the bottom wall of the mounting cavity 11. This multi-point distributed layout makes the vibration energy more evenly transmitted to the entire workbench 2, avoids local stress concentration, and enables the workbench 2 to generate a complex spatial composite vibration trajectory, rather than a simple one-way reciprocating motion. The vibration modules 6 can work cooperatively, and the vibration generated thereby is finally combined into a spatial multi-dimensional vibration output with a specific direction and size through vector combination.

[0059] In some embodiments, the vibration module 6 includes a first fixed seat 61, a second fixed seat 62, a scissors linkage mechanism 63, a vibration exciter 64, and an elastic member 65.

[0060] The first fixed seat 61 is used to establish a rigid connection with the workbench 2 to ensure that the vibration energy can be directly and losslessly transmitted to the surface of the workbench 2 carrying the workpiece. The second fixed seat 62 is used to be fixedly connected with the inner wall or the bottom wall of the mounting cavity 11, and anchors the entire vibration module 6 on the stable structure of the base 1. This design provides a clear force transmission path and a stable mounting foundation for the vibration system.

[0061] The scissors linkage mechanism 63 is connected between the first fixed seat 61 and the second fixed seat 62 in a hinged manner. The function of this mechanism is to guide and constrain the relative movement between the two fixed seats, so that it strictly follows the pre-set translational trajectory. This constraint avoids unintended deviation or shaking during vibration, ensuring the controllability and repeatability of the vibration direction.

[0062] The vibration exciter 64, as a vibration source, is directly connected between the first fixed seat 61 and the second fixed seat 62. When activated, it generates high-frequency mechanical vibration excitation, driving the periodic relative displacement between the first fixed seat 61 and the second fixed seat 62. This displacement is the original driving force for the workbench 2 to generate spatial vibration.

[0063] The elastic member 65 is arranged between the first fixed seat 61 and the second fixed seat 62 and is located near the exciter 64. As an embodiment, the elastic member 65 and the exciter 64 are arranged in parallel, and as another embodiment, the elastic member 65 is sleeved on the exciter 64. During the vibration process, the elastic member 65 absorbs and stores part of the energy through its elastic deformation, plays a buffering role, can effectively smooth the vibration impact, and protects the mechanism from damage. In the gap driven by the exciter 64, the elastic member 65 releases the stored elastic energy, causes the first fixed seat 61 and the second fixed seat 62 to rebound to the initial relative position, and prepares for the next vibration cycle, thereby ensuring the continuity and stability of the vibration.

[0064] The first fixed seat 61 and the second fixed seat 62 are stably connected with the workbench 2 and the base 1, the shear link mechanism 63 precisely guides the vibration displacement, the exciter 64 provides the core driving force, and the elastic member 65 realizes buffering and resetting. The cooperative work of each component together ensures that the vibration module 6 can output stable and controllable spatial multi-dimensional vibration to the workbench 2, which provides key dynamic protection for the molten metal to fully fill the CFRP surface microstructure under the vibration assistance and form a high-strength mechanical interlocking interface.

[0065] In the embodiment, the shear link mechanism 63 includes a first link 631 and a second link 632. The two links are cross-hinged at the middle position through a hinge connector, forming an extensible X-shaped structure. One end of the first link 631 is fixedly connected with the first fixed seat 61 through a hinge, ensuring direct transmission of force flow; the other end is in sliding fit with the horizontal sliding groove C opened on the second fixed seat 62, allowing it to freely slide in the horizontal direction. Similarly, one end of the second link 632 is fixedly connected with the second fixed seat 62 through a hinge, and the other end is in sliding fit with the horizontal sliding groove C on the first fixed seat 61. This symmetrical layout design enables the shear link mechanism 63 to constrain the relative movement of the first fixed seat 61 and the second fixed seat 62 to a specific translational trajectory when the exciter 64 drives the first fixed seat 61 and the second fixed seat 62, avoiding unintended deflection or jamming. The introduction of the horizontal sliding groove C provides guidance and freedom for the end of the link, ensuring smooth and stable operation of the mechanism during extension and contraction.

[0066] The second embodiment of the application discloses a CFRP material and metal material laser welding method, which comprises the following steps: First, the surface to be welded of the CFRP workpiece 3 is subjected to laser texturing treatment. This step utilizes laser energy to accurately scan and process the surface of the CFRP workpiece 3, and through ablation or modification, the originally smooth and dense composite material surface is converted into a micro-groove structure with a specific pattern. These micro-grooves significantly increase the effective bonding area of the CFRP and provide a key three-dimensional spatial anchoring basis for the formation of mechanical interlocking in the subsequent steps.

[0067] Subsequently, the CFRP workpiece 3 that has been subjected to the roughening treatment is clamped and fixed together with the metal workpiece 4 on the workbench 2, which ensures that the two dissimilar materials maintain accurate relative positions and stable contact during the welding process, thereby creating necessary conditions for high-quality laser welding.

[0068] While laser welding is being performed, the vibration module 6 is activated to apply spatial multi-dimensional vibration to the workbench 2. Laser energy causes the metal material to locally melt to form a molten pool, and the simultaneous application of spatial multi-dimensional vibration injects kinetic energy into the molten metal. This dynamic excitation overcomes the wetting resistance between the metal melt and the CFRP surface, driving it to flow more fully and penetrate into the micro-groove structure of the CFRP surface.

[0069] Under the action of vibration, the molten metal not only fills the micro-grooves, but also forms a firm hook-shaped or anchor-shaped interlocking structure with the groove wall after cooling and solidification. At the same time, vibration helps to break the interfacial oxide film, promotes element diffusion, refines grains, and effectively releases and homogenizes welding residual stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of dissimilar materials. This converts the traditional planar lamination interface into a three-dimensional structural interlocking interface.

[0070] The welding method disclosed in the present application combines static microstructure anchoring with dynamic vibration energy regulation through the process sequence of surface roughening pretreatment, accurate positioning and clamping, and vibration-assisted welding. This method effectively solves the core technical problems of low interfacial bonding strength and poor reliability caused by high-temperature failure of metal microstructures, insufficient resin unidirectional filling, and thermal stress concentration in traditional technologies, ultimately achieving high-strength and high-reliability mechanical interlocking connection between CFRP and metal. In the step of applying spatial multi-dimensional vibration, the vibration parameters of the vibration module can be controlled by the central control system, including amplitude A , frequency ω and phase . In some specific embodiments, the strength, period and initial timing of the vibration output by each exciter are controlled. Referring to FIG. 6, based on the principle of vector synthesis, the vibration displacement vectors generated by each exciter in different directions are synthesized, and the synthesis formula is: Figure 7 .

[0071] This formula describes the variation of the spatially synthesized vibration displacement vector over time, where A x ,A y ,A z represent the amplitudes in the X, Y and Z directions, respectively,​ , , represent the phase of the corresponding direction. By adjusting the ratio of these amplitude parameters, the spatial direction of the resultant vibration can be precisely controlled. The vibration direction and the directional angle of each coordinate axis (θx, θy, θz) are determined by the following relationship: α,β,γ .

[0072] By independently adjusting the vibration parameters such as amplitude, frequency and phase, and based on the strict mathematical model of vector synthesis, the precise and programmable control of the direction and size of the resultant vibration is achieved. This enables the workbench to generate optimal spatial multi-dimensional vibration that meets different welding requirements, thereby most effectively promoting the filling of molten metal into the micro-groove of CFRP and obtaining high-strength and high-reliability welded joints.

[0073] In this embodiment, the vibration and roughening significantly improve the bonding surface connection strength through the following synergistic mechanism: the CFRP is pre-processed by laser roughening to form a sawtooth-like micro-groove structure on its surface, which greatly increases the bonding area and provides a structural basis for mechanical interlocking; during the subsequent laser welding process, the vibration module applies spatial multi-dimensional vibration to the workbench through the principle of vector synthesis, which on the one hand injects kinetic energy into the molten metal of steel to overcome surface tension and fill it into the micro-groove of CFRP to form a hook-shaped interlocking structure, and on the other hand, the vibration can break the interface oxide film, promote element diffusion and release thermal stress to avoid crack generation. The roughening process constructs a static anchoring framework, while the vibration optimizes the interface metallurgical bonding effect through dynamic energy regulation, and the synergy of the two changes the traditional planar lamination into a three-dimensional occlusion, finally realizing high-strength connection.

[0074] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.​

Claims

1. A laser welding apparatus for CFRP material and metal material, characterized in that, The application relates to a CFRP and metal workpiece laser welding device, which comprises the following components: a base; a workbench arranged on the base and used for carrying and fixing CFRP workpieces and metal workpieces; a roughening pretreatment device arranged on the base and used for processing a micro-groove structure on a welding surface of the CFRP workpiece; a vibration module arranged between the workbench and the base and used for applying spatial multidimensional vibration to the workbench during laser welding; wherein the vibration applied by the vibration module is used for promoting the filling of a metal melt into the micro-groove structure to form a mechanical interlocking interface.

2. The CFRP material and metal material laser welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The roughening pretreatment device comprises the following components: a shell arranged on one side of the base, wherein the top surface of the shell is provided with a CFRP clamping groove, and the CFRP clamping groove forms an installation channel for inserting the CFRP workpiece into the shell; a linear laser generator arranged in the shell and used for laser scanning a welding surface of the CFRP workpiece inserted through the CFRP clamping groove to form a micro-groove structure.

3. The CFRP material and metal material laser welding apparatus according to claim 2, characterized by: The roughening pretreatment device further comprises the following components: a glass partition plate horizontally fixedly arranged in the shell and located between the CFRP clamping groove and the linear laser generator, and used for isolating impurities generated during the roughening processing from polluting the linear laser generator.

4. The CFRP material and metal material laser welding apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized by: A dust collector is arranged on the outside of the shell and used for sucking away the impurities generated during the roughening processing.

5. The CFRP material and metal material laser welding apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized by: The roughening pretreatment device further comprises a movement mechanism arranged in the shell, wherein the movement mechanism comprises a mounting seat, a linear movement module and a lifting module, the linear laser generator is arranged on the mounting seat, the linear movement module is used for driving the linear laser generator to horizontally move on the mounting seat along the extension direction of the CFRP clamping groove, and the lifting module is used for driving the mounting seat and the linear laser generator to move in the vertical direction.

6. The apparatus for laser welding of CFRP material and metal material according to claim 1, wherein: The base is provided with a top-opened installation cavity, the workbench is arranged in the installation cavity, and vibration modules are arranged on the four side walls and the bottom wall of the installation cavity and used for applying multidirectional spatial vibration to the workbench.

7. The CFRP material and metal material laser welding apparatus according to claim 6, wherein The vibration module comprises the following components: a first fixing seat used for fixedly connecting with the workbench; a second fixing seat used for fixedly connecting with the inner wall or the bottom wall of the installation cavity; a scissor linkage mechanism hingedly connected between the first fixing seat and the second fixing seat and used for guiding and restricting the relative translational movement between the first fixing seat and the second fixing seat; a vibration exciter connected between the first fixing seat and the second fixing seat and used for generating mechanical excitation for driving the first fixing seat and the second fixing seat to vibrate relative to each other; an elastic member arranged between the first fixing seat and the second fixing seat and used for providing buffering during vibration and enabling the first fixing seat and the second fixing seat to rebound to the initial relative position after vibration.

8. The CFRP material and metal material laser welding apparatus according to claim 7, characterized by: The scissor linkage mechanism comprises a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod, the middle parts of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are hingedly connected, one end of the first connecting rod is hingedly connected with the first fixing seat, the other end of the first connecting rod is slidably connected with a horizontal sliding groove on the second fixing seat, one end of the second connecting rod is hingedly connected with the second fixing seat, and the other end of the second connecting rod is slidably connected with a horizontal sliding groove on the first fixing seat.

9. A method for laser welding of CFRP material and metal material, which utilizes the laser welding apparatus for CFRP material and metal material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by The application further discloses a CFRP and metal workpiece laser welding method, which comprises the following steps: performing laser roughening processing on a welding surface of a CFRP workpiece to form a micro-groove structure; The roughened CFRP workpiece and the metal workpiece are clamped and fixed on the workbench; While laser welding is performed, the vibration module applies spatial multi-dimensional vibration to the workbench, so that the metal molten body fills into the micro-groove structure under the action of vibration to form a mechanical interlocking interface.

10. The method of laser welding of CFRP material and metal material according to claim 9, characterized by: In the step of applying spatial multi-dimensional vibration, vibration parameters of the vibration module are controlled to synthesize vibration output in any spatial direction based on vector synthesis principle, wherein the vibration parameters include amplitude, frequency and phase, and the vibration direction is controlled by adjusting the ratio of these parameters.

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