Amphibious aircraft landing configuration alarm system and method based on use scene

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of aviation engineering, and relates to an amphibious aircraft landing configuration warning system and method. The amphibious aircraft landing configuration alarm system comprises an undercarriage system, an alarm system, a navigation system, an airborne system, a selection switch and a plurality of sensors. The sensor is mounted on the undercarriage system to feed back the current real folding and unfolding state of the undercarriage; the alarm system is used for collecting selection of the selection switch, collecting the current real folding and unfolding state of an undercarriage, collecting state parameters related to an aircraft landing scene from the navigation system and the airborne system, comprehensively judging whether the landing scene is matched with the state of the aircraft undercarriage or not according to the collected information and based on the identification logic of landing configuration alarm, and giving an alarm according to the judgment result. The method is used for recognizing and generating landing configuration alarms in advance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aerospace engineering and relates to a landing configuration warning system and method for amphibious aircraft. Background Technology

[0002] As an indispensable key component of an aircraft, the landing gear system plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety of takeoff and landing. In amphibious aircraft, the landing gear must not only meet the basic requirements for land takeoff and landing, but also adapt to the special requirements of the water environment, so as to improve the adaptability of amphibious aircraft in mission scenarios such as emergency rescue and material transportation and reduce the dependence on ground support equipment.

[0003] Traditional amphibious aircraft often rely on the flight crew to ensure that the landing gear is retracted when the aircraft lands on water, and that it is extended when landing. Historically, there have been many cases where aircraft landed on water and forgot to retract the landing gear, resulting in structural damage to the aircraft and even casualties. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: This invention provides an amphibious aircraft landing configuration warning system and design method based on usage scenarios. By leveraging an integrated avionics system architecture, an efficient and reliable human-computer interaction design, and a landing configuration warning logic design based on usage scenarios, a proactive warning amphibious aircraft landing configuration warning system is achieved through real-time data acquisition, logical calculation, and a scenario-based early warning mechanism.

[0005] Technical solution: Firstly, a landing configuration warning system for amphibious aircraft based on usage scenarios is provided, including: landing gear system, warning system, navigation system, airborne system, selection switch and several sensors; Sensors are installed in the landing gear system to provide feedback on the current real-time retraction and extension status of the landing gear; The alarm system is used to collect the selection of the selector switch, collect the current actual retraction and extension status of the landing gear, collect the relevant status parameters of the aircraft landing scenario from the navigation system and airborne system, and based on the information collected above, and based on the identification logic of the landing configuration alarm, comprehensively judge whether the landing scenario matches the aircraft landing gear status, so as to identify and generate landing configuration alarms in advance.

[0006] Furthermore, the system achieves proactive early warning of amphibious aircraft landing configurations through real-time data acquisition, logical calculation, and a scenario-based early warning mechanism.

[0007] Secondly, a landing configuration warning method for amphibious aircraft based on a usage scenario is provided, applied to the landing configuration warning system for amphibious aircraft based on a usage scenario described in the first aspect. The method includes: Real-time capture of various status parameters of the aircraft to identify the landing scenario in which the aircraft is landing or water landing; Based on the identified aircraft landing scenario and the real-time captured aircraft status parameters related to the landing gear position, logical calculations are performed in real time to comprehensively determine whether the landing scenario matches the aircraft landing gear status, thereby identifying and generating landing configuration alarms in advance. When the calculation results indicate that the aircraft is in a landing scenario, but the landing gear is not in the lowered position, a landing configuration warning is generated to remind the flight crew to lower the landing gear in time. If the calculation results indicate that the aircraft is in a water-landing scenario, but the landing gear is not in the retracted position, a water-landing configuration warning will be generated to remind the flight crew to retract the landing gear in a timely manner.

[0008] Furthermore, the selector switch has three selectable positions: landing position, neutral position, and water level. When the selector switch is set to the landing position, it indicates that the flight crew plans for the aircraft to land. When the selector switch is set to the water-landing position, it indicates that the flight crew plans for the aircraft to land in the water. When the selector switch is set to the neutral position, it indicates that the flight crew has not yet determined the aircraft's landing method.

[0009] Furthermore, based on the identified aircraft landing scenario and the real-time captured aircraft state parameters related to the landing gear position, real-time logical calculations are performed to comprehensively determine whether the landing scenario matches the aircraft landing gear state, thereby identifying and generating landing configuration alarms in advance, including: When aircraft status parameters indicate that the aircraft is below the designated altitude, and the throttle and flaps are in landing configuration, the alarm system automatically identifies the consistency between "crew intention" and "aircraft landing configuration" to determine whether there is a potential risk: If the unit detects that the selector switch is set to the water-filled position, but the landing gear is not fully retracted, a water-filled configuration alarm will be issued to remind the unit to retract all landing gear in time. If it is detected that the crew has set the selector switch to the landing position, but the landing gear is not fully deployed and locked, a landing configuration alarm will be issued to remind the crew to deploy and lock all landing gear in a timely manner. If the unit is detected to have the selector switch in the neutral position, a landing configuration alarm is issued to remind the unit to operate the selector switch so that the corresponding landing command can be sent to the alarm system. The landing configurations correspond one-to-one with the landing scenarios.

[0010] Furthermore, water configuration alarm, landing configuration alarm, and descent configuration alarm are all Level 1 warnings for emergency risks. A landing configuration alarm is generated, including: Immediately issue the corresponding alarm instructions as designed: the red main warning light on the alarm light box located directly in front of the flight crew begins to flash, and at the same time, the red alarm text "Landing Configuration" is displayed in the alarm information display area. Simultaneously, the special alarm audio "Landing gear not deployed" is played repeatedly in the cockpit and crew headsets. Water configuration alarms are generated, including: As designed, the corresponding alarm instructions were issued. The red main warning light on the alarm light box located directly in front of the flight crew began to flash. At the same time, the red alarm text - water-covered configuration was displayed in the alarm information display area. Simultaneously, the special alarm audio "landing gear not retracted" was played repeatedly in the cockpit and crew headsets. Issue a landing configuration warning, including: As designed, the corresponding alarm instructions were issued. The red main warning light on the alarm light box located directly in front of the flight crew began to flash, and at the same time, the red alarm text "Selection switch not selected" was displayed in the alarm information display area. Simultaneously, the special alarm audio "Selection switch not selected" was played repeatedly in the cockpit and crew headsets.

[0011] Furthermore, the method also includes: If the crew does not operate the selection switch within a specified time after the aircraft takes off, a primary alert alarm will be generated to remind the flight crew to set the selection switch position in preparation for aircraft landing scenario recognition.

[0012] Furthermore, the primary alert level is a secondary warning for potential risks, generating a primary alert level alarm, including: The amber light in the control alarm light box flashes and a voice prompt says "single homonym". At the same time, the amber text "Selection switch not selected" is displayed in the alarm window to guide the unit to operate the selection switch.

[0013] Furthermore, the method also includes: Automatically record each alarm and the relevant aircraft status parameters when the alarm is triggered.

[0014] Thirdly, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described in any one of the second aspects.

[0015] Beneficial effects: This invention proposes a landing configuration warning system and design method for amphibious aircraft based on usage scenarios, forming a landing configuration warning system. Based on the design characteristics of various aircraft systems, by designing targeted scenario identification logic, a hierarchical warning mechanism, and multiple warning feedback forms, the flight crew can identify in advance the risk of landing gear mismatch with landing method (water landing / landing) in amphibious aircraft landing scenarios. Early exposure of this mismatch risk allows the crew relatively sufficient time to handle the warning, eliminating the unique safety hazard of landing configuration mismatch in amphibious aircraft and ensuring flight safety.

[0016] This invention effectively identifies the risk of mismatch between the landing configuration and the landing gear configuration of amphibious aircraft through an alarm system, combined with the effective operation of the crew. This ensures that the landing gear retraction and extension status of the amphibious aircraft is precisely matched to the landing scenario. When landing on water, the landing gear is fully retracted and fully extended when landing. This avoids the aircraft belly contacting and rubbing against the runway or even running off the runway due to forgetting to extend the landing gear during landing. It also avoids the landing gear components such as wheels colliding with the water surface, causing damage to the landing gear structure or even the aircraft overturning, due to forgetting to retract the landing gear when landing on water. Ultimately, this ensures the safety of amphibious aircraft landing. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an amphibious aircraft landing configuration warning system based on usage scenarios.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a framework diagram of a landing configuration warning system for amphibious aircraft. Detailed Implementation

[0019] This invention provides a landing configuration warning method for amphibious aircraft based on usage scenarios. It features a proactive, tiered early warning mechanism and utilizes automated human-in-the-loop scene recognition to collect and monitor key status parameters such as landing gear and altitude in real time. This prevents the danger of landing configuration mismatch with landing medium due to crew negligence or system malfunction during landing. Minor issues could result in aircraft structural damage, affecting subsequent mission execution, while serious incidents could directly impact flight safety and cause major accidents. As a crucial human-machine interface between the aircraft and the crew, the amphibious aircraft landing configuration warning system, based on usage scenarios, acquires mission objective instructions from the aircraft, identifies the matching between the aircraft's landing configuration and the mission objective in real time, proactively identifies risks, and generates corresponding warnings as needed. This allows the crew to promptly detect and correct the aircraft's current incorrect landing configuration, thereby improving aircraft safety and ensuring the safe landing of amphibious aircraft.

[0020] This invention captures various status parameters of the aircraft in real time to identify whether the aircraft is in a landing scenario—landing or water landing. Based on the identified landing scenario and the real-time captured aircraft status parameters such as the landing gear position, the alarm system performs real-time logical calculations. When the aircraft is identified as being in a landing scenario but the landing gear is not in the lowered position, a landing configuration alarm is generated to remind the flight crew to lower the landing gear in time. When the aircraft is identified as being in a water landing scenario but the landing gear is not in the retracted position, a water landing configuration alarm is generated to remind the flight crew to retract the landing gear in time.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, the proactive early warning landing configuration alert system operates through a closed-loop process of data acquisition, logical judgment, and risk warning. Its core function is to proactively identify the mismatch risk between the amphibious aircraft's landing scenario and the aircraft's landing gear status, rather than simply recording data after an accident occurs. Through multi-dimensional data fusion and intelligent logical verification, it upgrades monitoring from "passive observation" to "proactive intervention." Its specific working principle can be divided into three core stages.

[0022] 1. Real-time acquisition of multi-source data: building a complete information database The system will first collect key data related to takeoff and landing safety simultaneously to ensure that the information is comprehensive and without omission, providing a basis for subsequent judgments.

[0023] Aircraft status parameters: Real-time acquisition of parameters such as landing gear position (retracted / lowered / locked), flight altitude, speed, and throttle angle through sensors to understand the current configuration status parameters of the aircraft.

[0024] Flight crew landing scenario instructions: Through the selection switch built into the landing gear system, the pilot sets the planned landing scenario (water landing or landing) for the aircraft during takeoff. The landing scenario is fed back to the alarm system in the form of instructions, clarifying the aircraft's mission objective.

[0025] The aforementioned landing gear position and other configuration parameters, as well as landing scenario commands, are all sent to the alarm system for logical calculation.

[0026] 2. Proactive early warning logic: Identifies risks arising from mismatches between landing scenarios and aircraft landing gear status. This is the core component of the system, which uses preset alarm logic rules. 1. When the aircraft takes off, the crew needs to determine whether the flight mission will involve landing or water landing, and feed back the mission objective to the alarm system via an electrical signal through a selector switch: When the aircraft is scheduled to land, the selector switch can be set to the landing position; When the aircraft is scheduled to make a water landing, set the selector switch to the water landing position; When the aircraft has not yet determined its landing method, the selection switch can be set to the neutral position; If the crew does not operate the selection switch within a specified time after the aircraft takes off, the alarm system will generate a primary alert level alarm (level 2 alarm) to remind the flight crew to set the selection switch position in preparation for aircraft landing scenario recognition.

[0027] When the aircraft is below the designated altitude and the throttle, flaps, etc. are in the landing configuration, the alarm system automatically identifies the consistency between "crew intention" and "aircraft landing configuration" to determine whether there is a potential risk: If it is detected that "the unit has set the selector switch to the 'water-landing' position but the landing gear is not fully retracted", the alarm system will issue a water-landing configuration alarm (level 1 alarm) to remind the unit to retract all landing gear in time; If it is detected that "the crew has set the selector switch to the 'landing' position, but the landing gear is not fully deployed and locked", the alarm system will issue a landing configuration alarm (Level 1 alarm) to remind the crew to deploy and lock all landing gear in time. If the system detects that "the crew has placed the selector switch in the 'neutral' position, regardless of whether the landing gear is fully deployed and locked", the alarm system will issue a landing configuration alarm (Level 1 alarm) to remind the crew to operate the selector switch so that it can send the corresponding landing command (water landing or landing) to the alarm system. 3. Tiered early warning and intervention: ensuring timely handling of risks. Once the system identifies a risk, it will issue warnings through multiple channels based on the severity of the risk and provide clear handling guidelines, forcing pilots to pay attention and correct their operations.

[0028] Level 1 Warning (Emergency Risk): If a "dangerous event is about to occur" (such as the aircraft being 100 meters from the water surface with the landing gear in the lowered position), the alarm system will immediately issue the corresponding alarm instruction as designed. The red main warning light on the alarm light box located directly in front of the flight crew will start flashing, and at the same time, the red alarm text - water landing configuration will be displayed in the alarm information display area. Simultaneously, the special alarm audio "landing gear not retracted" will be repeatedly played in the cockpit and crew headsets.

[0029] Level 2 Warning (Potential Risk): If the system detects that the aircraft has just taken off (the flight crew has not operated the selection switch, causing the alarm system to be unable to properly capture the aircraft's mission target, which may result in a false alarm during landing and seriously interfere with the crew's mission execution), the alarm is not urgent. The alarm system will issue a command to control the amber light in the alarm light box to flash and provide a voice prompt "single homonym". At the same time, the alarm window will display the amber text "Selection switch not selected" to guide the crew to operate the selection switch.

[0030] Warning Recording and Retrospection: The system automatically records the relevant aircraft status parameters (such as time, parameters, and crew operation instructions) when the alarm is triggered, which is convenient for subsequent data analysis or training, and enables the alarm logic to be continuously optimized and improved.

[0031] The specific technical solution of this invention is as follows: I. Sensor Layer: As the peripheral nerves of various aircraft systems, the sensors used in this landing configuration warning system include, but are not limited to, the following sensors: 1. Position sensors monitor the landing gear's (lowering / retracting) positioning status in real time; 2. Select the switch to provide real-time feedback on the current aircraft mission objective (water landing / landing / not selected); II. Communication Interface Layer: The communication interfaces between sensors and the processing units of each airborne system must be clearly defined by the interface control file to constrain the specific physical values ​​of the aircraft state parameters transmitted to match the logical values ​​used in the alarm logic intended for design. The attributes of such matching signal interface definitions include, but are not limited to: signal name, signal type, signal range, period, accuracy, and a series of other attributes.

[0032] III. Logic Calculation Layer: Based on the communication interface definition of the above signals, the landing gear of the amphibious aircraft can be lowered and / or retracted in real time by sensors and fed back to the alarm system in the form of signals for alarm logic calculation.

[0033] IV. Communication Link Layer: The core processing units of each system are often centrally located in the aircraft's onboard equipment cabinets, while the system's sensors and actuators are often distributed throughout the aircraft. Therefore, the transmission of commands and status parameters requires the use of allocated communication links. For example, the landing gear system needs to send the landing gear position signal to the alarm system and the recording system for alarm logic calculation and data status recording. To improve the reliability of aircraft systems, modern aircraft often employ redundancy design, resulting in complex interactions between various systems. Therefore, it is essential to design data validity principles to ensure that when discrepancies exist in redundancy data, the alarm system is unsure which data source to rely on. This requires further scenario analysis, crew confirmation of landing gear retraction and extension, and troubleshooting of potential faults. It necessitates a targeted design that considers the design characteristics of each system and the operational features of the product. Based on the aircraft's top-level design principles, the design characteristics of each system, and a comprehensive consideration of costs, crew feedback, and human factors, a landing configuration alarm system for amphibious aircraft based on specific usage scenarios is ultimately developed.

[0034] Landing configuration warning system components like Figure 2As shown, the landing configuration warning system mainly includes a warning system 10, a landing gear system 20, a navigation system 30, other airborne systems 40, and a selection switch 50. The selection switch 50 can provide feedback on the aircraft's mission objective information based on the flight crew's operation.

Claims

1. A landing configuration alerting system for a seaplane based on a use scenario, characterized by, The system comprises: a landing gear system, an alarm system, a navigation system, an airborne system, a selection switch and a plurality of sensors; the sensors are installed on the landing gear system to feed back the current real retraction state of the landing gear; the alarm system is used to collect the selection of the selection switch, collect the current real retraction state of the landing gear, collect the state parameters related to the landing scene of the aircraft from the navigation system and the airborne system, and comprehensively judge whether the landing scene and the state of the landing gear of the aircraft match based on the recognition logic of the landing configuration alarm according to the collected information, so as to identify and generate the landing configuration alarm in advance.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein, The system realizes the active early warning type amphibious aircraft landing configuration alarm through real-time data acquisition-logic calculation-scene-based early warning mechanism.

3. A landing configuration alerting method for a seaplane based on a use scenario, characterized by, The method is applied to the amphibious aircraft landing configuration alarm system based on the use scene, and the method comprises: real-time capture of various state parameters of the aircraft to identify which landing scene the aircraft is in, the landing scene being a landing scene and a water landing scene; based on the identified landing scene of the aircraft and the real-time captured aircraft state parameters related to the position of the landing gear, real-time logic calculation is performed to comprehensively judge whether the landing scene and the state of the landing gear of the aircraft match, so as to identify and generate the landing configuration alarm in advance; when the calculation result shows that the aircraft is in the landing scene, but the landing gear of the aircraft is not in the lowered position, a landing configuration alarm is generated to remind the flight crew to lower the landing gear in time; when the calculation result shows that the aircraft is in the water landing scene, but the landing gear is not in the retracted position, a water landing configuration alarm is generated to remind the flight crew to retract the landing gear in time.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, The selection switch has three selection positions: a landing position, a neutral position and a water landing position; when the selection switch is in the landing position, it indicates that the flight crew plans to land the aircraft; when the selection switch is in the water landing position, it indicates that the flight crew plans to water land the aircraft; when the selection switch is in the neutral position, it indicates that the flight crew has not determined the landing mode of the aircraft.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, Based on the identified landing scene of the aircraft and the real-time captured aircraft state parameters related to the position of the landing gear, real-time logic calculation is performed to comprehensively judge whether the landing scene and the state of the landing gear of the aircraft match, so as to identify and generate the landing configuration alarm in advance, which comprises: when the aircraft state parameters indicate that the aircraft is below a specified height and the throttle and flaps are in a landing configuration state, the alarm system automatically identifies the consistency between the "crew intention-aircraft landing configuration" to determine whether there is a potential risk: if it is detected that the crew sets the selection switch to the water landing position, but the landing gear is not fully retracted, a water landing configuration alarm is generated to remind the crew to retract the landing gear in time; if it is detected that the crew sets the selection switch to the landing position, but the landing gear is not fully lowered and locked, a landing configuration alarm is generated to remind the crew to lower and lock the landing gear in time; if it is detected that the crew sets the selection switch to the neutral position, a landing configuration alarm is generated to remind the crew to operate the selection switch to send the corresponding landing instruction to the alarm system; wherein the landing configuration corresponds to the landing scene one by one.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The water configuration warning, the landing configuration warning and the landing gear configuration warning are all first level warnings of emergency risks. The landing configuration warning is generated, including: Immediately sending the corresponding warning indication as designed, the red main warning light on the warning light box in front of the flight crew starts to flash, the red warning text-landing configuration is displayed in the warning information display area, and the special warning audio "landing gear not extended" is repeatedly played in the cockpit and the crew's earphones. The water configuration warning is generated, including: Sending the corresponding warning indication as designed, the red main warning light on the warning light box in front of the flight crew starts to flash, the red warning text-landing configuration is displayed in the warning information display area, and the special warning audio "landing gear not extended" is repeatedly played in the cockpit and the crew's earphones. The landing configuration warning is generated, including: Sending the corresponding warning indication as designed, the red main warning light on the warning light box in front of the flight crew starts to flash, the red warning text-landing configuration is displayed in the warning information display area, and the special warning audio "landing gear not extended" is repeatedly played in the cockpit and the crew's earphones.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein, The method further comprises: When the aircraft takes off, if the crew does not operate the selection switch within a specified time, a primary prompt level warning is generated to remind the flight crew to set the selection switch position to prepare for the aircraft landing scene identification.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, The primary prompt level warning is a second level warning of potential risks. The primary prompt level warning is generated, including: Controlling the amber light in the warning light box to flash and voice prompting "single tone", and displaying the amber text "selection switch not selected" in the warning window to guide the crew to operate the selection switch.

9. The method of claim 3, wherein, The method further comprises: Automatically recording each warning and the related aircraft state parameters when the warning is triggered.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that, The program is executed by the processor to implement the method of any one of claims 3-9.

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