Nitrogen spring self-resetting friction damper applied to wood structure mortise and tenon joint

Abstract

The invention discloses a nitrogen spring self-resetting friction damper applied to a traditional wood structure mortise and tenon joint. The nitrogen spring self-resetting friction damper comprises an end connector I, an outer cylinder, two nitrogen springs, a friction plate and a friction sliding mechanism, and one end of the end connector I is connected with a column connector; the outer cylinder is hollow, and a friction plate is arranged on the inner wall of the outer cylinder; a first nitrogen spring arranged in the outer cylinder is fixed to one end of the outer cylinder, a piston rod of the first nitrogen spring faces the other end of the outer cylinder, and the end, away from the piston rod, of the first nitrogen spring is fixed to the other end of the end connector I; the friction sliding mechanism penetrates through the outer cylinder, an end connector II extending out of the other end of the outer cylinder is connected with a beam connector, and a second nitrogen spring is arranged in the friction sliding mechanism and locked to the inner wall of the outer cylinder through a fixing piece. The side wall of the friction sliding mechanism makes close contact with the friction plate, the friction sliding mechanism abuts against the end faces of piston rods of the two nitrogen springs, and when the friction sliding mechanism moves relative to the friction plate, the first nitrogen spring or the second nitrogen spring is compressed. A nitrogen spring and a friction sliding mechanism are creatively fused, cooperative work is achieved through ingenious structural design, and therefore the novel damping device with the strong self-resetting capacity and the efficient energy consumption characteristic is formed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to a nitrogen spring self-resetting friction damper applied to a traditional wood structure mortise and tenon joint and belongs to the field of traditional wood structure engineering earthquake resistance. BACKGROUND

[0002] Traditional wood structures are mainly connected through mortise and tenon joints. Researches have universally proved that the joint performance is the key to determining the overall seismic capacity of the wood structure. However, various factors such as process difference and component shrinkage inevitably exist in the actual construction process, which can cause gaps in the joint and further cause loosening, thereby weakening the seismic performance of the wood structure system. Therefore, the development of a damper reinforcing device for the mortise and tenon joint is an effective way to enhance the overall seismic performance and anti-collapse capacity of the wood structure by improving the bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the joint, and ultimately contributes to the realization of the construction goal of a ductile house.

[0003] There are various devices for enhancing the mortise and tenon joint of the wood structure at present. Scientific researches have shown that part of the dampers (such as metal dampers and friction dampers) can significantly improve the stiffness and energy dissipation capacity of the joint, but generally lack self-resetting function. For example, the friction damper shows a full hysteresis curve and excellent energy dissipation capacity under repeated loads, but it lacks internal restoring force, so it cannot return to the initial position after unloading at any time, and irreversible residual deformation is inevitably generated, and the wood structure still needs to be repaired after the earthquake. SUMMARY

[0004] The application provides a nitrogen spring self-resetting friction damper applied to a wood structure mortise and tenon joint. The damper innovatively combines a nitrogen spring and a friction sliding mechanism, and cooperates through a delicate structure design, so as to form a new type of damping device with strong self-resetting capacity and high energy dissipation characteristics. When the damper is installed at the wood structure mortise and tenon joint, the stiffness, bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the joint can be effectively improved, and the overall connection performance of the structure can be significantly improved. Especially important is that the device can drive the joint deformation to automatically recover after the external load is eliminated, and help the wood structure to realize the goal of seismic ductility.

[0005] The technical scheme of the application is as follows:

[0006] A nitrogen spring self-resetting friction damper applied to a wood structure mortise and tenon joint comprises:

[0007] An end connecting piece I1 is connected with a column connecting piece at one end;

[0008] An outer cylinder 2 is hollow inside, and the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2 is provided with a friction plate 4;

[0009] Two nitrogen springs 3 are provided. The first nitrogen spring 3 is fixed to one end of the outer cylinder 2, and the piston rod 12 of the first nitrogen spring 3 faces the other end of the outer cylinder 2. The end of the first nitrogen spring 3 away from the piston rod 12 is fixed to the other end of the end connector I1.

[0010] A friction sliding mechanism is provided, which passes through the outer cylinder 2 and extends from the other end of the outer cylinder 2. The end connector II10 of the friction sliding mechanism extending from the other end of the outer cylinder 2 is connected to the beam connector. The second nitrogen spring 3 is provided inside the friction sliding mechanism and is locked to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2 by the fixing member 9.

[0011] The sidewall of the friction sliding mechanism is in close contact with the friction plate 4. When the friction sliding mechanism is displaced relative to the friction plate 4, it compresses the first nitrogen spring 3 or the second nitrogen spring 3.

[0012] Furthermore, one end of the end connector I1 is connected to the wooden post 17 via a circular clamp 19, an ear plate 21, and a pin 22; the end connector II10 is connected to the wooden beam 18 via a square clamp 20, an ear plate 21, and a pin 22.

[0013] Further, the friction sliding mechanism includes a first constraint steel plate 5, a friction cylinder 6, a second constraint steel plate 5, an inner cylinder 8, and an end connector II 10 arranged sequentially from one end to the other; the first constraint steel plate 5, the friction cylinder 6, and the second constraint steel plate 5 are connected by a pre-tightening member 7; the second constraint steel plate 5 is fixed to the inner cylinder 8; the inner cylinder 8 is hollow and has symmetrical slots extending in the axial direction on its body; a second nitrogen spring 3 is disposed inside the inner cylinder 8 and is spaced from the inner cylinder wall; the fixing member 9 passes through the slots to lock the second nitrogen spring 3 to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2; one end of the end connector II 10 is fixed to the end of the inner cylinder 8 away from the second constraint steel plate 5, and the other end of the end connector II 10 is connected to the beam connector.

[0014] Furthermore, when the friction sliding mechanism and the friction plate 4 are in their initial state, the end face of the piston rod 12 of the first nitrogen spring 3 is pressed against the end face of the first constraint steel plate 5, and the end face of the piston rod 12 of the second nitrogen spring 3 is pressed against the end face of the second constraint steel plate 5.

[0015] Furthermore, the fastener 9 includes a first connecting part and a second connecting part, which are arranged vertically. One end of the first connecting part, which extends along the axial direction of the inner cylinder 8, is connected to the second nitrogen spring 3, and the other end of the first connecting part is connected to the middle of the second connecting part. The two ends of the second connecting part pass through two symmetrically arranged slots in the inner cylinder 8 and are then connected to the outer cylinder 2.

[0016] Furthermore, the length L4 of the friction plate 4 is:

[0017] L4=k·S+H5+H8+L6, k∈[3, 5];

[0018] Where k is the multiplication factor, S is the design displacement, H5 is the thickness of the first constraint steel plate 5, H8 is the thickness of the second constraint steel plate 5, and L6 is the length of the friction cylinder 6.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0020] I. Excellent post-earthquake recovery performance: Compared with traditional metal springs, nitrogen springs have a lower and gentler slope in their force-displacement curve, which means that they can still provide highly stable restoring force within a large deformation range. At the same time, this invention creatively adopts a symmetrical arrangement of dual nitrogen springs, which successfully endows the damper with a powerful bidirectional self-resetting capability. After the earthquake, the device can automatically drive the wooden structure nodes to return to their initial state, significantly eliminating or greatly reducing residual deformation.

[0021] II. Effectively suppress structural disasters: By eliminating residual deformation at nodes, the risk of seismic damage such as overall structural tilting and skewing is fundamentally reduced.

[0022] Third, significantly reduce repair costs: minimize the time and expenses required for post-earthquake structural repair and functional restoration, and improve the economy and resilience of the structure. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 These are three views (front, top, and left) of the device of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is an axial cross-sectional view of the device of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the internal components of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the nitrogen spring in this invention.

[0027] Figure 5 These are the three-view diagrams (front, top, left) of the assembled internal sliding part of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 These are three views (front, top, and left) of the spring fixing component of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the installation of the present invention on a wooden structure.

[0030] The following are the labels in the diagram: End connector I-1, Outer cylinder-2, Nitrogen spring-3, Friction plate-4, Constraint steel plate-5, Friction cylinder-6, Pre-tightening component-7, Inner cylinder-8, Fixing component-9, End connector II-10, Nitrogen spring cylinder-11, Piston rod-12, Spring sealing and limiting system-13, Piston base ring-14, Inflation valve-15, Screw hole-16, Wooden column-17, Wooden beam-18, Round clamp-19, Square clamp-20, Ear plate-21, Pin-22. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

[0032] Example 1: As Figures 1-7 As shown, a nitrogen spring self-resetting friction damper applied to mortise and tenon joints in wooden structures includes:

[0033] End connector I1, one end of which is connected to the column connector;

[0034] Outer cylinder 2, the inner part of the outer cylinder 2 is hollow, and a friction plate 4 is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2;

[0035] Two nitrogen springs 3 are provided. The first nitrogen spring 3 is fixed to one end of the outer cylinder 2, and the piston rod 12 of the first nitrogen spring 3 faces the other end of the outer cylinder 2. The end of the first nitrogen spring 3 away from the piston rod 12 is fixed to the other end of the end connector I1.

[0036] A friction sliding mechanism is provided, which passes through the outer cylinder 2 and extends from the other end of the outer cylinder 2. The end connector II10 of the friction sliding mechanism extending from the other end of the outer cylinder 2 is connected to the beam connector. The second nitrogen spring 3 is provided inside the friction sliding mechanism and is locked to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2 by the fixing member 9.

[0037] The sidewall of the friction sliding mechanism is in close contact with the friction plate 4; in the initial state, the friction sliding mechanism is pressed against the end face of the piston rod 12 of the two nitrogen springs 3; when the friction sliding mechanism is displaced relative to the friction plate 4, it is used to compress the first nitrogen spring 3 or the second nitrogen spring 3.

[0038] Furthermore, the friction sliding mechanism includes a first constraint steel plate 5, a friction cylinder 6, a second constraint steel plate 5, an inner cylinder 8, and an end connector II 10 arranged sequentially from one end to the other.

[0039] The first constraint steel plate 5, the friction cylinder 6, and the second constraint steel plate 5 are connected by a pre-tightening member 7; the second constraint steel plate 5 is fixed to the inner cylinder 8; the inner cylinder 8 is hollow and has symmetrical slots extending in the axial direction on its body; the second nitrogen spring 3 and the fixing member 9 are disposed inside the inner cylinder 8 and are spaced apart from the inner cylinder wall; the fixing member 9 passes through the slots to lock the second nitrogen spring 3 to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2; when the friction sliding mechanism and the friction plate 4 are in the initial state, the end face of the piston rod 12 of the first nitrogen spring 3 is pressed against the end face of the first constraint steel plate 5, and the end face of the piston rod 12 of the second nitrogen spring 3 is pressed against the end face of the second constraint steel plate 5; one end of the end connector II 10 is threadedly connected and fixed to the end of the inner cylinder 8 away from the second constraint steel plate 5, and the other end of the end connector II 10 is connected to the beam connector. In the initial state, the springs are in their natural extension state. When the friction sliding mechanism is displaced relative to the friction plate, one nitrogen spring remains in its natural extension state, while the other nitrogen spring is compressed, always providing a restoring force opposite to the direction of deformation (reference). Figure 2 When the friction sliding mechanism moves to the right, the first nitrogen spring piston rod on the left side disengages from the first constraint steel plate 5 on the left side, and the second nitrogen spring on the right side is compressed.

[0040] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, the friction sliding mechanism and the friction plate 4 are in their initial state. Two nitrogen springs 3 are fixed axially at both ends of the outer cylinder 2. The end connector I1 is welded and fixed to the bottom surface of the first nitrogen spring 3. The piston rod end of the first nitrogen spring 3 is directly screwed and fixed through the threaded hole at the end of the outer cylinder. The second nitrogen spring 3 is locked to the outer cylinder 2 using a detachable threaded fastener 9. Before assembly, the two nitrogen springs 3 need to be pressurized to the design value (example: 5MPa) through the inflation valve 15 so that the piston rod 12 is kept in the fully extended initial state. The two constraint steel plates 5 and the friction cylinder 6 are coaxially provided with bolt holes. The preload 7 passes through the above holes and generates axial preload force by screwing in the thread, which drives the side wall of the friction cylinder 6 to press against the inner friction plate 4 of the outer cylinder 2, so as to realize the adjustable sliding friction force. The side wall of the inner cylinder 8 is provided with an axial strip groove. The groove length should ensure that the friction cylinder 6 can move left and right.

[0041] Furthermore, ear plates 21 and pins 22 are used as column and beam connectors. In specific use, round clamps 19 are used to fasten the wooden column 17, and are hinged to one end of the end connector I1 of this invention via ear plates 21 and pins 22; square clamps 20 are used to fasten the wooden beam 18, and are hinged to one end of the end connector II10 of this invention via ear plates 21 and pins 22; thus, the entire device of this invention is installed at the mortise and tenon joint where the wooden column 17 and the wooden beam 18 intersect, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown, the entire device is applicable to different types of mortise and tenon joints in wooden structures, including through tenons, stepped tenons, and dovetail tenons. After installation, the invention mainly dissipates the seismic energy input to the structure through the relative sliding between the friction plate 4 on the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2 and the side wall of the friction cylinder 6; after unloading, the nitrogen springs 3 on both sides of the friction cylinder 6 provide restoring force, driving the device to return to its initial position. The key design principle is to ensure that the sliding friction force is always less than the restoring force provided by the nitrogen springs 3.

[0042] Optionally, the outer cylinder 2 is a high-strength round tube (such as Q345) with a length of 250mm~450mm and an outer diameter of 50mm~100mm.

[0043] Optionally, the nitrogen spring 3 uses commercially available components, specifically including a cylinder body 11, a piston rod 12, a spring sealing and limiting system 13, a piston base ring 14, and an inflation valve 15, such as... Figure 4 As shown. Under natural conditions, when the nitrogen spring 3 is fully extended, the piston rod can only undergo compression deformation. The design value of the overall deformation of the device must be less than the maximum compression deformation value of the piston rod. The axial compression deformation of the piston rod 12 can be selected from 25mm to 55mm.

[0044] Furthermore, the length L4 of the friction plate 4 is:

[0045] L4 = k·S + H5 + H8 + L6, k ∈ [3, 5]

[0046] Where k is the multiplication factor, S is the design displacement, H5 is the thickness of the first constraint steel plate 5, H8 is the thickness of the second constraint steel plate 5, and L6 is the length of the friction cylinder 6.

[0047] For example, the thickness of the friction plate is 2mm to 4mm, and the length of the friction plate is the sum of twice the design displacement of the device of the present invention, the thickness of the two constraint steel plates 5, and the length of the friction cylinder 6, which can be 120mm to 200mm; the thickness of the constraint steel plate 5 is 5mm to 8mm.

[0048] Furthermore, the friction cylinder 6 is made of a compressible elastic material (such as rubber). After the pre-tightening member is pre-tightened, the friction cylinder between the two constraint steel plates 5 will expand in the circumferential direction to press the friction plate 4. By adjusting the pre-tightening force of the pre-tightening member, the side wall of the friction cylinder 6 is driven to press the inner friction plate 4 of the outer cylinder 2, so as to realize the adjustable sliding friction force.

[0049] Furthermore, the pre-tightening component 7 uses four sets of pre-tightening bolts, the length of which depends on the sum of the thickness of the two constraint steel plates 5 and the length of the friction cylinder 6.

[0050] Furthermore, the fastener 9 includes a first connecting part and a second connecting part, which are arranged vertically. One end of the first connecting part, which extends along the axial direction of the inner cylinder 8, is connected to the second nitrogen spring 3, and the other end of the first connecting part is connected to the middle of the second connecting part. The two ends of the second connecting part pass through two symmetrically arranged slots in the inner cylinder 8 and are then connected to the outer cylinder 2.

[0051] For example, the first connecting part is a protruding screw, and the second connecting part has a square cross-section with a side length of 15mm~30mm. The second connecting part is threaded at its mating point with the outer cylinder 2 for fixing it to the outer cylinder 2. (See reference) Figure 2 The installation of the fixing member 9 is specifically as follows: the second nitrogen spring 3 is placed inside the inner cylinder 8, the fixing member 9 is inserted vertically into the inner cylinder from the slot, the screw protruding along the axial direction of the inner cylinder 8 of the fixing member 9 is connected to the screw hole 16 of the second nitrogen spring 3, and the second connecting part is fixed to the outer cylinder 2.

[0052] Furthermore, an axial strip groove is opened on the side wall of the inner cylinder 8. The groove width should be greater than the width of the second connecting part of the fastener 9, and the groove length should be greater than twice the design displacement plus the width of the second connecting part of the fastener 9 along the axial direction of the inner cylinder 8.

[0053] Furthermore, this invention uses beam cross-section dimensions (width * height) of 140mm * 175mm in the timber structure to be reinforced, column diameter of 180mm, and straight tenon joints between beam and column, with tenon length of 230mm, tenon width of 50mm, and tenon height equal to beam height of 175mm. Experiments were conducted using Yunnan pine TC13A for both beams and columns, and preferred specific implementation values ​​are given below:

[0054] Optionally, the outer diameter of the outer cylinder 2 is 50mm~100mm (e.g., 50mm, 60mm, 70mm, 80mm, 100mm, etc.), and the length is 250mm~450mm (e.g., 250mm, 300mm, 350mm, 400mm, 450mm, etc.).

[0055] Optionally, the maximum axial compression deformation of the piston rod 12 of the nitrogen spring 3 can be selected from 25mm to 55mm, depending on the design displacement of the device.

[0056] Optionally, the friction plate 4 has a thickness of 2mm to 4mm (e.g., 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, etc.) and a length of 120mm to 200mm (e.g., 120mm, 150mm, 180mm, 200mm, etc.); the constraint steel plate 5 has a thickness of 5mm to 8mm (e.g., 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, etc.), and its outer diameter needs to be determined according to the wall thickness of the outer cylinder 2 and the thickness of the friction plate 4.

[0057] Optionally, the length of the friction cylinder 6 is 60mm~150mm (e.g., 60mm, 80mm, 100mm, 150mm, etc.), and the outer diameter needs to be determined according to the wall thickness of the outer cylinder 2 and the thickness of the friction plate 4. Optionally, the length of the pre-tightening member 7 depends on the sum of the thickness of the two constraint steel plates 5 and the length of the friction cylinder 6.

[0058] Optionally, the second connecting part of the fastener 9 has a square cross-section with a side length of 15mm to 30mm (e.g., 15mm, 20mm, 25mm, 30mm, etc.).

[0059] Any combination within the above numerical range can be used to form a feasible solution.

[0060] The working principle of this invention is:

[0061] Under horizontal seismic action, the entire wooden structure vibrates, causing rotational deformation of the mortise and tenon joints. At this time, the device of this invention will undergo axial tensile and compressive deformation. One end of the device is fixed to the wooden column 17 via a circular clamp 19, ear plate 21, and pin 22, while the other end is fixed to the wooden beam 18 via a square clamp 20, ear plate 21, and pin 22. The device can be considered to consist of two parts: the first part is assembled from end connector I1, outer cylinder 2, two nitrogen springs 3, friction plate 4, and fixing component 9; the second part is assembled from a circular constraint steel plate 5, friction cylinder 6, pre-tightening component 7, inner cylinder 8, and end connector II10. Under seismic action, the contact surfaces between the two parts (i.e., the sides of the friction plate 4 and friction cylinder 6) undergo relative sliding friction, effectively dissipating seismic input energy and reducing the damage to the wooden structure. Compared to traditional friction devices, this invention introduces a bidirectional nitrogen spring design. Its advantages are: significantly reducing residual deformation after earthquake; nitrogen springs have a smaller impact on the damping force of the device during deformation; and avoiding excessive increase in the stiffness of mortise and tenon joints.

[0062] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nitrogen gas spring self-centering friction damper applied to a mortise and tenon joint of a timber structure, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a kind of friction slip mechanism and its structure, including: End connector I (1), one end of the end connector I (1) is connected with column connector; Outer tube (2), the inside of the outer tube (2) is hollow, and the inner wall of the outer tube (2) is equipped with friction sheet (4); Two nitrogen gas springs (3), the first nitrogen gas spring (3) inside the outer tube (2) is fixed with one end of outer tube (2), and the piston rod (12) of first nitrogen gas spring (3) is towards the other end of outer tube (2), and the other end of first nitrogen gas spring (3) is fixed with the other end of the end connector I (1); Friction slip mechanism, the friction slip mechanism is set in the outer tube (2) and is stretched from the other end of the outer tube (2), and the end connector II (10) of friction slip mechanism is connected with beam connector from the other end of the outer tube (2) and is stretched, and the second nitrogen gas spring (3) is set in friction slip mechanism, and is locked in the inner wall of outer tube (2) by fixing part (9); The side wall of the friction slip mechanism is in close contact with the friction sheet (4), when the friction slip mechanism is displaced relative to the friction sheet (4), first nitrogen gas spring (3) or second nitrogen gas spring (3) is compressed.

2. The nitrogen gas spring self-centering friction damper for use in mortise and tenon joints of timber structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The one end of the end connector I (1) is connected with wooden column (17) by circular hoop (19), ear plate (21) and pin shaft (22);The end connector II (10) is connected with wooden beam (18) by square hoop (20), ear plate (21) and pin shaft (22).

3. The nitrogen gas spring self-centering friction damper for timber structure mortise and tenon joint according to claim 1, characterized in that, The friction slip mechanism includes first constraint steel sheet (5), friction cylinder (6), second constraint steel sheet (5), inner tube (8) and end connector II (10) arranged in order from one end to the other end; The first constraint steel sheet (5), friction cylinder (6) and second constraint steel sheet (5) are connected by pre-tightening part (7);Second constraint steel sheet (5) is fixed with inner tube (8);The inner tube (8) is hollow, and the cylinder body is symmetrically provided with a slot extending in the axial direction, the second nitrogen gas spring (3) is arranged in the inner tube (8) and there is a gap between the inner tube (8) and the cylinder wall, the fixing part (9) is arranged in the slot to lock the second nitrogen gas spring (3) to the inner wall of the outer tube (2);The one end of the end connector II (10) is fixed with the one end of the inner tube (8) away from the second constraint steel sheet (5), and the other end of the end connector II (10) is connected with the beam connector.

4. The nitrogen gas spring self-centering friction damper for use in mortise and tenon joints of timber structures according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the friction slip mechanism and the friction sheet (4) are in the initial state, the end face of the piston rod (12) of the first nitrogen gas spring (3) is in close contact with the end face of the first constraint steel sheet (5), and the end face of the piston rod (12) of the second nitrogen gas spring (3) is in close contact with the end face of the second constraint steel sheet (5).

5. The nitrogen gas spring self-centering friction damper for timber structure mortise and tenon joint according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fixing part (9) includes first connecting part, second connecting part, first connecting part, second connecting part is vertically arranged, the first connecting part is connected with the second nitrogen gas spring (3) at one end along the axial direction of the inner tube (8), the other end of the first connecting part is connected with the middle part of the second connecting part, and the two ends of the second connecting part pass through the two slots of the inner tube (8) and are symmetrically arranged to be connected with the outer tube (2).

6. The nitrogen gas spring self-centering friction damper for use in mortise and tenon joints of timber structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length L4 of the friction plate (4) is: L4=k*S+H5+H8+L6, k∈[3, 5]; Wherein, k is a multiple coefficient, S is a design displacement, H5 is the thickness of the first block constraint steel plate (5), H8 is the thickness of the second block constraint steel plate (5), and L6 is the length of the friction cylinder (6).

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