Method for identifying oil-gas structure, oil-gas exploration method and related device

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for identifying an oil-gas structure, an oil-gas exploration method and a related device. The oil and gas structure identification method comprises the steps of obtaining gravity anomaly data of a target block; data processing is carried out on the gravity anomaly data of the target block to obtain processed gravity anomaly data, and the data processing sequentially comprises median filtering processing, continuation processing and derivation processing; based on the processed gravity anomaly data, identifying each gravity anomaly trap of the target block, and obtaining a trap range and a gravity anomaly difference value of each gravity anomaly trap; determining the range of each oil and gas structure of the target block based on the trap range of each gravity anomaly trap and the pre-constructed relationship between the gravity anomaly trap range and the oil and gas structure range; and determining the amplitude of each oil-gas structure of the target block based on the gravity anomaly difference value of each gravity anomaly trap and a pre-constructed relationship between the gravity anomaly difference value and the oil-gas structure amplitude. Recognition of the oil-gas structure of the low exploration area can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of petroleum exploration technology, and in particular to a method for identifying oil and gas structures, an oil and gas exploration method, and related equipment. Background Technology

[0002] As major oil and gas producing areas enter the later stages of exploration, the focus of oil and gas exploration is shifting to deep, fine-structure, or lithological oil and gas reservoirs. Meanwhile, with the increasing demand for crude oil, existing crude oil production is insufficient to meet the demand, making the development of the oil and gas exploration and development market an important energy strategy.

[0003] In existing technologies, oil and gas exploration primarily relies on high-precision geophysical data. However, during oil and gas development, especially overseas, the following problems are frequently encountered when acquiring geophysical data for exploration: 1. No geophysical data collection has been conducted within the target block, and the coverage of high-precision geophysical data, such as artificial seismic logging, is very small or even nonexistent; 2. Obtaining high-precision geophysical data within the target block is difficult or impossible. Therefore, identifying oil and gas structures in areas lacking geophysical data, or where geophysical data is difficult or impossible to obtain completely, is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The inventors of this application have discovered that the gravity anomaly range of low-Earth orbit satellite gravity anomaly data matches the range of anticline structures very well. Furthermore, low-Earth orbit satellite gravity data has the characteristics of high global coverage, unified data, no confidentiality, and no geographical constraints. It can serve as important data for oil and gas geological exploration in areas where geophysical data is lacking, difficult to obtain, or difficult to obtain completely.

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention is proposed to provide a method for identifying oil and gas structures, an oil and gas exploration method, and related apparatus to overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for identifying oil and gas structures, comprising:

[0007] Obtain gravity anomaly data for the target area;

[0008] The gravity anomaly data of the target block is processed to obtain processed gravity anomaly data. The data processing includes median filtering, extension processing and derivative processing in sequence.

[0009] Based on the processed gravity anomaly data, each gravity anomaly trap in the target block is identified, and the trap range and gravity anomaly difference of each gravity anomaly trap are obtained.

[0010] Based on the trap range of each gravity anomaly trap and the relationship between the pre-constructed gravity anomaly trap range and the hydrocarbon structure range, the range of each hydrocarbon structure in the target block is determined; based on the gravity anomaly difference of each gravity anomaly trap and the relationship between the pre-constructed gravity anomaly difference and the hydrocarbon structure amplitude, the amplitude of each hydrocarbon structure in the target block is determined.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the gravity anomaly data used when processing the gravity anomaly data of the target block is Bouguer gravity anomaly data.

[0012] Accordingly, if the acquired gravity anomaly data is raw satellite gravity distribution data of rocks, before processing the gravity anomaly data of the target block, the method further includes: performing spherical gravity correction on the raw satellite gravity distribution data to obtain Bouguer gravity anomaly data.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, if the target area is a sea area, the method further includes: acquiring water depth data of the target area;

[0014] Before performing median filtering on the gravity anomaly data of the target block, the method further includes: performing water gravity correction on the gravity anomaly data based on the water depth data of the target block; correspondingly, when performing median filtering on the gravity anomaly data, the gravity anomaly data used is the gravity anomaly data after water gravity correction.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, median filtering is performed on the gravity anomaly data of the target block, including:

[0016] Linear fitting is performed on the spectral curve of gravity anomaly data of the target block, and the mid-frequency information is retained as gravity anomaly data after median filtering.

[0017] or;

[0018] Having obtained the actual geological structure of a known oil field, the gravity anomaly data of the block where the known oil field is located is processed by frequency division of different frequency bands until the degree of conformity between the geological structure range corresponding to the mid-frequency data of the known oil field and its actual geological structure range is within the preset requirements.

[0019] If the known oil field is a known oil field within the target block, the gravity anomaly data of the target block after median filtering is directly obtained; if the known oil field is a known oil field in a neighboring block of the target block, the frequency band processing value at this time is obtained, and the gravity anomaly data of the target block is subjected to median filtering based on the frequency band processing value to obtain the gravity anomaly data of the target block after median filtering; wherein, the neighboring blocks of the target block are blocks in the same geological zone as the target block.

[0020] In an optional embodiment, the gravity anomaly data of the target block is extended, including:

[0021] Based on the pre-obtained main hydrocarbon accumulation mechanisms of the target block and adjacent blocks, the hydrocarbon structural depth of the target block is determined;

[0022] Based on the structural depth of the target block's oil and gas reservoir, determine the distance parameters for upward extension;

[0023] Based on the distance parameter, the gravity anomaly data after median filtering is extended to obtain extended gravity anomaly data.

[0024] or;

[0025] With the actual geological structure of a known oil field already known, the gravity anomaly data of the block where the known oil field is located is extended at different distances until the degree of conformity between the geological structure range corresponding to the known oil field and its actual geological structure range is within the preset requirements.

[0026] If the known oil field is a known oil field within the target block, the gravity anomaly data of the target block after extension processing is directly obtained; if the known oil field is a known oil field in a neighboring block of the target block, the extension distance at this time is obtained, and the gravity anomaly data after median filtering is extended based on the extension distance to obtain the gravity anomaly data of the target block after extension processing.

[0027] In an optional embodiment, the gravity anomaly data of the target block is subjected to derivative processing, including: performing derivative processing on the extended gravity anomaly data until the clarity of the boundary of the geological anomaly body reaches a preset clarity requirement, so as to obtain the derivative-processed gravity anomaly data.

[0028] In an optional embodiment, if the resolution of the gravity anomaly data of the target block meets the preset resolution requirement, the method further includes: performing geological structure inversion and modeling processing on the gravity anomaly data after the derivative processing to obtain gravity anomaly data with fine density interface distribution.

[0029] Accordingly, based on the processed gravity anomaly data, each gravity anomaly trap in the target block is identified, which is based on gravity anomaly data with fine distribution of density interface to identify each gravity anomaly trap in the target block.

[0030] In an optional embodiment, when identifying each gravity anomaly trap within a target block, the identification criteria for the gravity anomaly trap include:

[0031] It can identify complete circular gravity contour lines;

[0032] The area enclosed by the ring-shaped gravity contour lines is greater than the recognition accuracy of gravity anomaly data for the target block.

[0033] Within the area enclosed by the annular gravity contour lines, the difference in gravity anomaly between the highest point of gravity anomaly and the edge is greater than a preset difference.

[0034] In an optional embodiment, the relationship between the gravity anomaly trap range and the hydrocarbon structure range is constructed based on the known gravity anomaly trap range and hydrocarbon structure range of oil and gas fields;

[0035] The relationship between gravity anomaly difference and hydrocarbon structure amplitude is constructed based on the gravity anomaly difference and hydrocarbon structure amplitude of known oil and gas fields; the known oil fields include: known oil fields within the target block, or known oil fields in adjacent blocks of the target block.

[0036] In an optional embodiment, the method for identifying oil and gas structures provided by the present invention further includes:

[0037] Based on the oil and gas geological conditions of the target block, the reliability of the identified oil and gas structures is analyzed; the oil and gas geological conditions of the target block include one or more of the following: the oil and gas exploration potential of the target block, the type of oil and gas structure in the target block, or the geological risk of the target block.

[0038] In an optional embodiment, after obtaining geophysical data of the target block or its adjacent blocks and elevation data of the target block, the method further includes: analyzing the reliability of the identified oil and gas structures within the target block based on the degree of agreement between the geophysical data of the target block or its adjacent blocks and their corresponding gravity anomaly data, and / or the elevation data of the target block.

[0039] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide an oil and gas exploration method, comprising:

[0040] Obtain oil and gas geological data of the target block, including: geological characteristics and sedimentary evolution history of the target block and its adjacent blocks, the main oil and gas-bearing systems of the target block and the oil and gas accumulation mechanisms of the target block and its adjacent blocks;

[0041] Based on the oil and gas geological data, determine whether the target block meets the following requirements: Based on the main oil and gas-bearing systems of the target block, determine whether the oil and gas exploration potential within the target block meets the preset requirements;

[0042] Based on the hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism of the target block and its adjacent blocks, determine whether the hydrocarbon reservoir type of the target block is a structural hydrocarbon reservoir; if the hydrocarbon reservoir type of the target block is a structural hydrocarbon reservoir, determine whether the hydrocarbon structure is an inherited structure based on the geological characteristics and sedimentary evolution history of the target block and its surroundings.

[0043] If the target block meets the preset requirements for oil and gas exploration potential, and the oil and gas reservoir type is a structural oil and gas reservoir, and the oil and gas structure is an inherited structure, then the above-mentioned oil and gas exploration methods will be used for oil and gas exploration.

[0044] In an optional embodiment, after obtaining geophysical data of the target block or its adjacent blocks, determining whether the target block meets the following requirements based on the oil and gas geological data further includes: determining the degree of conformity between the geophysical data of the target block or its adjacent blocks and its corresponding gravity anomaly data.

[0045] Accordingly, the target block must also meet the following requirement: the geophysical data of the target block or its neighboring blocks must meet the preset compliance requirement with the corresponding gravity anomaly data.

[0046] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide a device for identifying oil and gas structures, comprising:

[0047] First data acquisition module: used to acquire gravity anomaly data of the target block;

[0048] Data processing module: used to process the gravity anomaly data of the target block to obtain processed gravity anomaly data. The data processing includes median filtering, extension processing and derivative processing in sequence.

[0049] Trap identification module: Based on the processed gravity anomaly data, it identifies each gravity anomaly trap in the target block and obtains the trap range and gravity anomaly difference of each gravity anomaly trap.

[0050] Identification module: used to determine the range of each oil and gas structure in the target block based on the trap range of each gravity anomaly trap and the relationship between the pre-constructed gravity anomaly trap range and the range of oil and gas structures; and to determine the magnitude of each oil and gas structure in the target block based on the gravity anomaly difference of each gravity anomaly trap and the relationship between the pre-constructed gravity anomaly difference and the magnitude of oil and gas structures.

[0051] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide an oil and gas exploration apparatus, comprising:

[0052] The second data acquisition module is used to acquire oil and gas geological data of the target block. The oil and gas geological data includes: the geological characteristics and sedimentary evolution history of the target block and its adjacent blocks, the main oil and gas-bearing systems of the target block and the oil and gas accumulation mechanisms of the target block and its adjacent blocks.

[0053] Judgment Module: Used to determine whether the target block meets the following requirements based on the oil and gas geological data: Based on the main oil and gas systems of the target block, determine whether the oil and gas exploration potential within the target block meets the preset requirements; based on the oil and gas accumulation mechanism of the target block and its adjacent blocks, determine whether the oil and gas reservoir type of the target block is a structural oil and gas reservoir; if the oil and gas reservoir type of the target block is a structural oil and gas reservoir, determine whether the oil and gas structure is an inherited structure based on the geological characteristics and sedimentary evolution history of the target block and its surroundings.

[0054] Structure identification module: When the target block meets the preset requirements for oil and gas exploration potential, and the oil and gas reservoir type is a structural oil and gas reservoir, and the oil and gas structure is an inherited structure, the module uses the above-mentioned method for identifying oil and gas structures to conduct oil and gas exploration.

[0055] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for identifying oil and gas structures, or the above-described method for oil and gas exploration.

[0056] Based on the same inventive concept, this embodiment of the invention also provides a computer program product, characterized in that the computer program product includes a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for identifying oil and gas structures, or the above-described method for oil and gas exploration.

[0057] The beneficial effects of the above-described technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0058] The method for identifying oil and gas structures provided in this invention uses low-cost, wide-coverage gravity anomaly data as basic data. Through processing, analysis, and identification of the gravity anomaly data, oil and gas structures in target blocks are screened out. Based on the trap range of each gravity anomaly trap and the pre-constructed relationship between the trap range and the oil and gas structure range, the range of each oil and gas structure in the target block is determined. Based on the gravity anomaly difference of each gravity anomaly trap and the pre-constructed relationship between the gravity anomaly difference and the amplitude of the oil and gas structure, the amplitude of each oil and gas structure in the target block is determined. In other words, the oil and gas structure identification method provided in this invention, through the study of publicly available satellite gravity data, solves the difficulty of exploring oil and gas structures in low-exploration areas under conditions of lack of geophysical data, or difficulty in obtaining or fully obtaining geophysical data. This provides important technical support for participating in block bidding and investment by resource-sovereign states.

[0059] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings.

[0060] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0061] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0062] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for identifying oil and gas structures in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 2 The radial wave spectrum curve of a certain gravity anomaly data in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and the mid-frequency range of linear fitting;

[0064] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the oil and gas exploration method in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of gravity anomaly data for a target area in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 5 This is Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of gravity anomaly data after median filtering;

[0067] Figure 6 This is Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 6 A schematic diagram of gravity anomaly data after extension processing;

[0068] Figure 7 This is Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 7 A schematic diagram of gravity anomaly data after differentiation;

[0069] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of seismic data at a certain location within the target block in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 9 In Embodiment 2 of the present invention, and Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the corresponding gravity anomaly data;

[0071] Figure 10 The fitting curve is obtained by fitting gravity traps and oil and gas reservoir scales based on known oilfield data in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0072] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device for identifying oil and gas structures in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an oil and gas exploration device in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0074] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0075] To address the problem of identifying oil and gas structures in areas lacking geophysical data, or where geophysical data is difficult or incomplete to obtain, this invention provides a method for identifying oil and gas structures, an oil and gas exploration method, and related apparatus.

[0076] Example 1:

[0077] The method for identifying oil and gas structures provided in this embodiment of the invention has a flowchart as shown in the figure. Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0078] Step S101: Obtain gravity anomaly data for the target block;

[0079] Step S102: Perform data processing on the gravity anomaly data of the target block to obtain processed gravity anomaly data. The data processing includes median filtering, extension processing and derivative processing in sequence.

[0080] Step S103: Based on the processed gravity anomaly data, identify each gravity anomaly trap in the target block and obtain the trap range and gravity anomaly difference of each gravity anomaly trap.

[0081] Step S104: Based on the trap range of each gravity anomaly trap and the relationship between the pre-constructed gravity anomaly trap range and the oil and gas structure range, determine the range of each oil and gas structure in the target block; based on the gravity anomaly difference of each gravity anomaly trap and the relationship between the pre-constructed gravity anomaly difference and the oil and gas structure amplitude, determine the amplitude of each oil and gas structure in the target block.

[0082] The method for identifying oil and gas structures provided in this invention uses low-cost, wide-coverage gravity anomaly data as basic data. Through processing, analysis, and identification of the gravity anomaly data, oil and gas structures in target blocks are screened out. Based on the trap range of each gravity anomaly trap and the pre-constructed relationship between the trap range and the oil and gas structure range, the range of each oil and gas structure in the target block is determined. Based on the gravity anomaly difference of each gravity anomaly trap and the pre-constructed relationship between the gravity anomaly difference and the amplitude of the oil and gas structure, the amplitude of each oil and gas structure in the target block is determined. In other words, the oil and gas structure identification method provided in this invention, through the study of publicly available satellite gravity data, solves the difficulty of exploring oil and gas structures in low-exploration areas under conditions of lack of geophysical data, or difficulty in obtaining or fully obtaining geophysical data. This provides important technical support for participating in block bidding and investment by resource-sovereign states.

[0083] The gravity anomaly data is derived from the flight orbit parameters of specialized gravity satellites. With the successful launch and long-term operation of the three major specialized gravity satellites CHAMP, GRACE, and GOCE, a massive amount of data has been stored and collected. The gravity anomaly data in this embodiment can be obtained from open data websites such as the International Centre for Global Earth Models (ICGEM), the German Research Centre for Geosciences Potsdam (GFZ), and the European Space Agency (ESA).

[0084] Specifically, in this embodiment, the gravity anomaly data used for data processing of the gravity anomaly data of the target block is Bouguer gravity anomaly data.

[0085] Accordingly, if the acquired gravity anomaly data is raw satellite gravity distribution data of rocks, the following steps should be taken before processing the gravity anomaly data of the target block: spherical gravity correction should be performed on the raw satellite gravity distribution data to obtain Bouguer gravity anomaly data. Specifically, spherical gravity correction includes: air gravity correction and spherical topographic correction.

[0086] In one embodiment, when the target area is a sea area, the method for identifying oil and gas structures provided in this embodiment of the invention further includes: obtaining water depth data of the target area;

[0087] Accordingly, before performing median filtering on the gravity anomaly data of the target block, the method further includes: performing water gravity correction on the gravity anomaly data based on the water depth data of the target block; accordingly, when performing median filtering on the gravity anomaly data, the gravity anomaly data used is the gravity anomaly data after water gravity correction.

[0088] Generally speaking, low-frequency information in gravity anomaly data reflects gravity changes in the deep Earth matrix, high-frequency information reflects density changes in the surface strata and contains a lot of noise, and mid-frequency information reflects density changes in the shallow and intermediate strata. Therefore, when processing gravity anomaly data of a target block, median filtering is required first.

[0089] In one embodiment, step S102 involves performing median filtering on the gravity anomaly data of the target block, specifically including:

[0090] Method 1: Perform linear fitting on the spectral curve of the gravity anomaly data of the target block, retaining the mid-frequency information as the gravity anomaly data after median filtering; for example, refer to... Figure 2 As shown, the black curve is the radial wave spectrum curve of a satellite gravity anomaly data. Linear fitting of the radial wave spectrum curve yields the low-frequency information range shown by the yellow line in the figure, the high-frequency information range shown by the blue line in the figure, and the mid-frequency information shown by the green line in the figure. The mid-frequency information is retained as the gravity anomaly data after median filtering.

[0091] or;

[0092] Method 2: Given the actual geological structure of a known oilfield, perform frequency division processing on the gravity anomaly data of the block where the known oilfield is located, until the degree of conformity between the geological structure range corresponding to the mid-frequency data of the known oilfield and its actual geological structure range is within the preset requirements.

[0093] When the known oil field is a known oil field within the target block, the gravity anomaly data of the target block after median filtering is directly obtained; when the known oil field is a known oil field in a neighboring block of the target block, the frequency band processing value at this time is obtained, and the gravity anomaly data of the target block is subjected to median filtering based on the frequency band processing value to obtain the gravity anomaly data of the target block after median filtering; wherein, the neighboring blocks of the target block are blocks in the same geological zone as the target block.

[0094] Furthermore, the analytical extension processing of gravity anomaly data aims to separate or highlight the gravity anomaly caused by the target body from the superimposed anomalies caused by different source bodies, making the information generated easier to identify and recognize. Extension processing is divided into upward extension and downward extension. If the calculation plane is higher than the initial plane, it is called upward extension, which can highlight deep anomalies and suppress shallow anomalies; if the calculation plane is lower than the initial plane, it is called downward extension, which can highlight shallow anomalies and suppress deep anomalies. In the process of identifying hydrocarbon structures, upward extension is generally used.

[0095] Specifically, in step S102, the gravity anomaly data of the target block is extended, including the following methods:

[0096] Method 1: Determine the hydrocarbon accumulation depth of the target block based on the pre-obtained main hydrocarbon accumulation mechanisms of the target block and adjacent blocks;

[0097] Based on the structural depth of the target block's oil and gas reservoir, determine the distance parameters for upward extension;

[0098] Based on this distance parameter, the gravity anomaly data after median filtering is extended to obtain the extended gravity anomaly data.

[0099] or;

[0100] Method 2: Given the actual geological structure of a known oilfield, the gravity anomaly data of the block where the known oilfield is located is extended at different distances until the degree of conformity between the geological structure range corresponding to the known oilfield and its actual geological structure range is within the preset requirements.

[0101] If the known oil field is a known oil field within the target block, the gravity anomaly data of the target block after extension processing is directly obtained; if the known oil field is a known oil field in a neighboring block of the target block, the extension distance at this time is obtained, and the gravity anomaly data after median filtering is extended based on the extension distance to obtain the gravity anomaly data of the target block after extension processing.

[0102] It should be noted that in practical applications, when the actual geological structure of a known oilfield is known in advance, Method 2 is preferred for extending the gravity anomaly data after median filtering. However, when the actual geological structure of a known oilfield is unavailable, Method 1 is preferred for extending the gravity anomaly data after median filtering. Alternatively, the median-filtered satellite gravity anomaly data of the target block can be directly extended at different distances, and the result that best resembles the possible oil and gas structure can be selected based on experience. The specific method for extending satellite gravity data can be selected according to actual needs, and this embodiment of the invention does not impose specific limitations on it; the processing method for median filtering of gravity anomaly data is similar.

[0103] Furthermore, the derivative processing of gravity anomaly data can be used to highlight geological anomalies and determine the boundaries of geological bodies. Different geological bodies have different characteristics in their gravity anomaly derivatives; converting gravity anomalies into their anomaly derivatives allows for better interpretation and classification of the anomalies.

[0104] In one embodiment, step S102 involves differentiating the gravity anomaly data of the target block, including differentiating the extended gravity anomaly data until the clarity of the geological anomaly boundary reaches a preset clarity requirement, thus obtaining differentiated gravity anomaly data. The number of derivatives can be obtained through parametric experiments. Once a certain number of derivatives achieves good imaging results, further increasing the number of derivatives will cause very little change in imaging, indicating that differentiation is complete. In practical applications, optionally, if time is limited, the first-order derivative of the vertical derivative can be used directly; if conditions permit, different derivative methods such as the total horizontal derivative, oblique derivative, total gradient magnitude, and oblique derivative plus the total horizontal derivative can be used. The optimal method can be determined by comparing imaging results. The specific method can be selected according to actual needs. This invention does not impose specific limitations, and the specific process of differentiating gravity anomaly data can be referred to in the prior art. This embodiment of the invention will not be described in detail here.

[0105] Generally, satellite gravity data has low resolution and limited detail. However, if high-precision gravity anomaly data for the region can be collected, further geological structural inversion and modeling can be performed on the gravity anomaly data based on the above work. This involves uniformly dividing the underground source body into regularly combinable discrete regions, and using the gravity anomaly calculation formula and gravity data of the study area, obtaining the fine distribution characteristics of the density interface in the study area. Specifically, in an optional embodiment, the method for identifying hydrocarbon structures provided by this invention, if the resolution of the acquired gravity anomaly data for the target block meets the preset resolution requirements, further includes: performing geological structural inversion and modeling on the differentiated gravity anomaly data to obtain gravity anomaly data with a fine distribution of the density interface.

[0106] Accordingly, based on the processed gravity anomaly data, each gravity anomaly trap in the target block is identified, which is based on gravity anomaly data with fine distribution of density interface to identify each gravity anomaly trap in the target block.

[0107] Specifically, the geological structure inversion and modeling of the gravity anomaly data after differentiation can be performed using mature commercial software. Examples include Geosoft's Oasis Montaj™ software, BGP's Geoeast software, and Fugro's LCT software. The specific software chosen can be selected based on actual needs, and this embodiment of the invention does not impose any specific limitations on this.

[0108] In one embodiment, in step S03, when identifying each gravity anomaly trap of the target block, the identification criteria for the gravity anomaly trap include:

[0109] It can identify complete circular gravity contour lines, that is, it can identify complete traps;

[0110] The area enclosed by the ring-shaped gravity contour lines and the recognition accuracy of gravity anomaly data larger than the target block; wherein, the recognition accuracy of gravity anomaly data can be obtained after the gravity anomaly data is acquired;

[0111] Within the area enclosed by the ring-shaped gravity contour lines, the difference in gravity anomaly between the highest point of the gravity anomaly and the edge is greater than a preset difference. This preset difference can be specifically obtained based on the anomaly elevation differences of known oilfields within the target block or known oilfields in adjacent blocks.

[0112] In an optional embodiment, in step S104 of this embodiment of the invention, the relationship between the gravity anomaly trap range and the hydrocarbon structure range is constructed based on the known gravity anomaly trap range and hydrocarbon structure range of oil and gas fields.

[0113] The relationship between gravity anomaly differences and hydrocarbon structural extent is constructed based on the gravity anomaly differences and hydrocarbon structural extent of known oil and gas fields. Known oil fields include those within the target block or those in adjacent blocks. It should be noted that, in the absence of relevant data for known oil fields, the relationship between the gravity anomaly trap extent and the hydrocarbon structural extent, as well as the relationship between gravity anomaly differences and hydrocarbon structural extent, can also be empirical constants. Furthermore, once the structural extent and range of each hydrocarbon structure are obtained, the reserves of that structure can be assessed.

[0114] In an optional embodiment, the method for identifying oil and gas structures provided by the present invention may further include, after identifying the oil and gas structures:

[0115] Based on the oil and gas geological conditions of the target block, the reliability of the identified oil and gas structures is analyzed, that is, the gravity anomaly trap reflects the credibility of the real geological structure trap; the oil and gas geological conditions of the target block include one or more of the following: the oil and gas exploration potential of the target block, the type of oil and gas structure of the target block, or the geological risk of the target block.

[0116] The oil and gas exploration potential of the target block is obtained by analyzing the main oil and gas systems of the target block in advance, the distribution range and depth of the main reservoirs, the reliability of the oil and gas reservoir caprock, and the oil supply of the source rocks. The specific analysis process can refer to the existing technology, and this embodiment does not make specific limitations on it.

[0117] The hydrocarbon structure type of the target block is determined based on the pre-collected sedimentary evolution history of the target block. The main unconformity interfaces of the target block are analyzed to determine whether the possible hydrocarbon structures are inherited structures or concealed structures below the unconformity. The specific analysis process can refer to the existing technology, and this embodiment does not make specific limitations on it.

[0118] The geological risk situation of the target block is obtained based on the analysis of the geological characteristics and sedimentary evolution history of the target block and its adjacent blocks collected in advance. The geological risk situation specifically includes: whether the rock density in the area is abnormal, whether there are large faults and cracks that damage the oil and gas structure; whether there are dry or water layers in the oil and gas structure, etc. The specific analysis process can refer to the existing technology, and this embodiment does not make specific limitations on it.

[0119] Specifically, if the target block has insufficient oil and gas exploration potential, although oil and gas structures may be identified, their oil and gas filling level may be insufficient, resulting in low exploitation value in subsequent exploration and development. If the oil and gas structure type in the target block is a concealed structure below the unconformity surface, and if the potential oil and gas structure in the area is deep (e.g., below 2000m) and the unconformity surface does not extend to the shallow layer, a larger upward extension distance needs to be selected during data processing, and the reliability of the identified oil and gas structure is low. If there are geological risks in the target block, there may be a risk that the structure used to identify the oil and gas structure has been destroyed, meaning that the identified oil and gas structure may not contain oil and gas resources.

[0120] Furthermore, gravity anomaly data suffers from poor accuracy and low reliability to some extent. Therefore, collecting other high-precision geophysical data of the target block or its adjacent areas is highly meaningful. The more high-precision seismic data available for comparison and analysis, the higher the reliability of the gravity data interpretation results. That is, in an optional embodiment, after acquiring geophysical data of the target block or its adjacent blocks and elevation data of the target block, the method further includes: analyzing the reliability of the identified oil and gas structures within the target block based on the degree of agreement between the geophysical data of the target block or its adjacent blocks and their corresponding gravity anomaly data, and / or the elevation data of the target block.

[0121] Specifically, by comparing the degree of agreement between seismic and gravity data in the current or adjacent blocks, it can be determined whether satellite gravity data can effectively indicate oil and gas structures in the region. If reliable seismic data indicates that gravity anomalies do not match the actual structures or have a high degree of agreement, the reliability of the identified oil and gas structures may be low. At the same time, if elevation data of the target block is available, the terrain can be intuitively understood through the elevation data, and it can also be compared with gravity anomaly data to determine whether the anomalies in the satellite gravity data are caused by terrain changes. If so, the reliability of the oil and gas structures identified at the terrain change location may be low.

[0122] In other words, after summarizing the identified potential oil and gas structures using the oil and gas structure identification method provided in this embodiment of the invention, factors such as the reserves, reliability, and risks of each potential oil and gas structure can be comprehensively considered to conduct an overall evaluation and ranking of all potential targets in the target block, which serves as the final research result. This can be used for the next step of oil and gas exploration work. Specific evaluation and ranking criteria for oil and gas structures can be designed according to actual needs, and this embodiment of the invention does not impose specific limitations on them.

[0123] Example 2:

[0124] This invention provides an oil and gas exploration method, the flowchart of which is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0125] Step S201: Obtain the oil and gas geological data of the target block, which includes: the geological characteristics and sedimentary evolution history of the target block and its adjacent blocks, the main oil and gas-bearing systems of the target block and the oil and gas accumulation mechanisms of the target block and its adjacent blocks;

[0126] Step S202: Based on the oil and gas geological data, determine whether the target block meets the following requirements: Based on the main oil and gas systems of the target block, determine whether the oil and gas exploration potential within the target block meets the preset requirements; Based on the oil and gas accumulation mechanism of the target block and its adjacent blocks, determine whether the oil and gas reservoir type of the target block is a structural oil and gas reservoir; If the oil and gas reservoir type of the target block is a structural oil and gas reservoir, determine whether the oil and gas structure is an inherited structure based on the geological characteristics and sedimentary evolution history of the target block and its surroundings.

[0127] Step S203: If the target block meets the preset requirements for oil and gas exploration potential, and the oil and gas reservoir type is a structural oil and gas reservoir, and the oil and gas structure is an inherited structure, then the method for identifying oil and gas structures provided in Example 1 is used for oil and gas exploration.

[0128] The present invention does not specifically limit the preset requirements for the oil and gas exploration potential of the target block, and can select them according to actual needs. The specific process of judging the oil and gas exploration potential of the target block based on the main oil and gas system of the target block, judging the oil and gas reservoir type of the target block based on the oil and gas accumulation mechanism of the target block and its adjacent blocks, and judging the oil and gas structure based on the geological characteristics and sedimentary evolution history of the target block and its surroundings can refer to the prior art, and the present invention does not specifically limit it in this regard.

[0129] In an optional embodiment, after obtaining geophysical data of the target block or its adjacent blocks, determining whether the target block meets the following requirements based on the oil and gas geological data further includes: determining the degree of conformity between the geophysical data of the target block or its adjacent blocks and its corresponding gravity anomaly data.

[0130] Accordingly, the target block must also meet the following requirements: the geophysical data of the target block or its neighboring blocks must meet the corresponding gravity anomaly data in accordance with a preset compliance requirement. In this embodiment of the invention, the preset compliance requirement is not specifically limited and can be selected according to actual needs.

[0131] In other words, the oil and gas exploration method provided in this embodiment is generally not applicable for oil and gas exploration if the target block has insufficient oil and gas potential, the reliable seismic data indicates that the gravity data does not match the actual structure, the regional oil and gas reservoir is a lithologic oil and gas reservoir or other unconventional oil and gas reservoir, or the main structure is a deep concealed structure. Other applicable methods can be selected for oil and gas exploration in this area.

[0132] It should be noted that the specific process for identifying oil and gas structures has been described in detail in Example 1, and this embodiment of the present invention does not impose specific limitations on it.

[0133] In one embodiment, the oil and gas exploration method provided by this invention is illustrated by the risk exploration assessment process for a bidding block in a target area as follows: the exploration level of the block is low, the density of highly reliable seismic data coverage is low, and there is a small amount of exploration well data.

[0134] First, satellite gravity data and petroleum geological analysis data for the target block are collected. The geological research results for the target block are interpreted and summarized in a targeted manner, extracting information needed for gravity anomaly exploration. It is found that the block has significant exploration potential and may contain large-scale undiscovered structural oil and gas fields. The method for identifying oil and gas structures provided in Example 1 can be used for oil and gas exploration. Based on this, the gravity anomaly data is processed.

[0135] The surrounding oil and gas systems are as follows: The target block is located in the northeastern part of the Arabian Plate. Based on surface geological mapping, seismic exploration, drilling, and interpretation of regional gravity and magnetic data, previous researchers have divided the target block into five tectonic-geomorphic units: the Zagros thrust belt, the Zagros fold belt, the Mesopotamian Basin, the Salman Uplift, and the Rutbai-Jezra Basin. From the Jurassic top-surface structural map, the target block as a whole exhibits a northwest-trending, gently sloping structure. The Mesopotamian Basin is located on a slope, while the Salman Uplift has relatively flat strata. The northern and western parts of the target block are mainly composed of Paleozoic strata, which are stable, thick, and exhibit fault development. The eastern part is dominated by Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata, with relatively deep Paleozoic strata in the Mesopotamian Basin. The bidding block for this study belongs to the Rutbai-Jezra Basin in the western Salman Slope of the Middle Arabian Sub-basin within the Arabian Basin. The area is primarily composed of Paleozoic strata, which are stable in deposition, thick, and exhibit well-developed faults. Stratigraphic traps may be distributed within Paleozoic siliceous clastic rocks and Mesozoic carbonate rocks containing thick-shelled clams. The region can be divided into six main tectonic layers: Cambrian-Ordovician, Silurian-Permian, Triassic-Jurassic, Lower Cretaceous, Middle Cretaceous, and Upper Cretaceous-Cenozoic.

[0136] The gravity anomaly data used in this study were obtained from the HIS-Markit Energy Industry Database. Bouguer gravity anomalies are the superimposed response of gravity effects caused by all heterogeneous geological bodies underground. They include gravity effects caused by factors such as density variations within the sedimentary cover, the top surface of the basement, undulations of deep crustal interfaces, and their internal structure and tectonic variations, but deep factors account for a larger proportion. The satellite gravity data obtained in this study are corrected Bouguer gravity anomaly data; the schematic diagram is shown below. Figure 4 As shown. Considering that the exploration target in the study area is a shallow, large-scale structure, geological research and economic calculations indicate that the economically exploitable oil reservoir in this risky exploration area covers an area of ​​10 km². 2The above refers to strata with a depth of less than 2000m. The main oil and gas-bearing strata are Paleozoic Ordovician strata and Mesozoic Triassic strata. Large-scale low-density salt rock strata are not present in the main reservoirs, but large faults are relatively well-developed.

[0137] Therefore, through analysis and experiments on gravity anomaly data, median filtering was first applied to the satellite gravity data of the target block. A schematic diagram of the median filtering process is shown below. Figure 5 As shown. Considering the target reservoir depth, the data was extended upwards by 2 km after the parameter experiments. A schematic diagram of the extended data is shown below. Figure 6 As shown. Based on the prediction of the scale of the tectonic geological body, after conducting parametric experiments, the data were differentiated in the first order. A schematic diagram of the derivative is shown below. Figure 7 As shown. Finally, the results of this interim processing were evaluated, and it was determined that the data resolution was too low, and no further geological inversion and modeling work was carried out.

[0138] By identifying the known distribution of oil and gas fields in the target block, some structurally developed areas can be determined. Comparison with mid-frequency gravity anomaly data reveals that positive gravity anomalies correspond to structurally high locations. A statistical analysis of 54 known oil fields in the Mesopotamian Basin shows that 45 of them match the mid-frequency gravity anomaly data, resulting in a prediction accuracy rate of 83%. (See reference...) Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 The regions with higher midgravity anomalies ①②③ all correspond well to... Figure 8 The uplifted areas ①②③ on the mid-range seismic profile demonstrate the high reliability of gravity data in this region. Therefore, high-frequency gravity anomaly data can be used to predict low-amplitude structural development areas. A significant amount of seismic data was collected in the northern part of this block. Structural interpretation confirmed the structural development of the Triassic target stratigraphic group, which showed good agreement with gravity predictions. By comparing known oilfield sizes within the target block with gravity anomaly data, it was found that the area (range) of hydrocarbon structures predicted by identifying gravity anomaly traps using gravity anomaly data was, on average, 2.6 times the area of ​​known hydrocarbon structure traps (the fitting curve is referenced). Figure 10 As shown in the figure, the predicted oil and gas structure amplitude is on average 9 times the known oil and gas structure trap amplitude (i.e., a gravity anomaly difference of 1 mgal corresponds to an average structural height difference of 9 meters).

[0139] The study clarified the locations of hydrocarbon-bearing structures and their correlation with mid-frequency gravity anomalies. However, due to limitations in gravity resolution, some locational discrepancies may occur. Generally, the larger the anticline trap, the larger the mid-frequency gravity anomaly value, indicating a positive correlation between the two. Based on this, analysis of satellite gravity data for the target block predicted 12 structural development zones, covering an area of ​​approximately 4160 km². 2 .

[0140] Following trap identification, a risk assessment was conducted. Due to the limited availability of 2D seismic data in the area, the primary evaluation criteria were the seismic data of the structural traps, the degree of agreement between their location and gravity anomalies, and the reliability of the traps based on the geological risks of the target block (such as fault conditions). A higher number of seismic lines and a greater degree of agreement between the seismic data and gravity anomalies indicate higher reliability. The table below shows the trap types and reliability of hydrocarbon-reactive structures within the target area. Based on comprehensive analysis, 7 traps are considered reliable, 11 are relatively reliable, and 10 are unreliable.

[0141]

[0142]

[0143] Ultimately, through the above technical process, this study selected economically valuable shallow, large-scale structural oil and gas resources within a specific bidding area for risk exploration in the target region. Furthermore, the results of this study played a crucial role as the primary basis for participating in the bidding for exploration blocks.

[0144] In one embodiment, the oil and gas exploration method provided by this invention includes the following specific implementation steps: 1. Data collection, including gravity anomaly data collection, oil and gas geological data collection, geophysical data collection of the target block or its adjacent areas, and auxiliary data collection (elevation data or water depth data of the target block). 2. Oil and gas geological analysis, analyzing whether the target area has oil and gas exploration potential, the types of oil and gas reservoirs that may develop, and the main geological risks of gravity exploration. 3. Gravity anomaly data processing, including water gravity correction, median filtering, upward continuation processing, differentiation processing, and geological structure inversion. 4. Technical feasibility study. Since this method uses satellite data with relatively low accuracy, there is considerable uncertainty in various aspects. First, it is necessary to determine whether the technology is feasible in the target block. 5. Comprehensive trap identification and reserve assessment, comprehensively considering the reserves, reliability, and risks of each potential oil and gas reservoir, and comprehensively evaluating and ranking all potential targets in the target block as the final result.

[0145] This oil and gas exploration method integrates a series of technologies, including data collection, data evaluation, gravity anomaly data processing, technical feasibility analysis, oil and gas system evaluation, risk factor analysis, and result feasibility evaluation. Starting from special exploration areas with low exploration levels, high oil and gas potential, and difficulties in obtaining seismic data, an oil and gas exploration scheme based on satellite gravity anomaly data was designed. This method not only requires mastering the technical principles of gravity geophysical exploration but also necessitates combining it with geological sedimentary evolution analysis of the target area, research on oil and gas reservoir-seal combinations and lithological characteristics, physical properties of target layer rocks, and prediction of fracture and fault development. Using this technology in oil and gas exploration can, to a certain extent, avoid false alarms, large-scale errors, and various exploration risks, improving the accuracy of oil and gas exploration, especially risk exploration.

[0146] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide a device for identifying oil and gas structures, the structure of which is referenced. Figure 11 As shown, it includes:

[0147] First data acquisition module 11: used to acquire gravity anomaly data of the target block;

[0148] Data processing module 12: Used to process the gravity anomaly data of the target block to obtain processed gravity anomaly data. The data processing includes median filtering, extension processing and derivative processing in sequence.

[0149] Trap identification module 13: Based on the processed gravity anomaly data, it identifies each gravity anomaly trap in the target block and obtains the trap range and gravity anomaly difference of each gravity anomaly trap.

[0150] Identification module 14: used to determine the range of each oil and gas structure in the target block based on the trap range of each gravity anomaly trap and the relationship between the pre-constructed gravity anomaly trap range and the range of oil and gas structures; and to determine the magnitude of each oil and gas structure in the target block based on the gravity anomaly difference of each gravity anomaly trap and the relationship between the pre-constructed gravity anomaly difference and the magnitude of oil and gas structures.

[0151] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides an oil and gas exploration method, the structure of which is referenced. Figure 12 As shown, it includes:

[0152] Second data acquisition module 21: used to acquire oil and gas geological data of the target block, the oil and gas geological data including: geological characteristics and sedimentary evolution history of the target block and its adjacent blocks, the main oil and gas-bearing systems of the target block and the oil and gas accumulation mechanism of the target block and its adjacent blocks;

[0153] Judgment Module 22: Used to determine whether the target block meets the following requirements based on the oil and gas geological data: determine whether the oil and gas exploration potential in the target block meets the preset requirements based on the main oil and gas system of the target block; determine whether the oil and gas reservoir type of the target block is a structural oil and gas reservoir based on the oil and gas accumulation mechanism of the target block and its adjacent blocks; if the oil and gas reservoir type of the target block is a structural oil and gas reservoir, determine whether the oil and gas structure is an inherited structure based on the geological characteristics and sedimentary evolution history of the target block and its surroundings.

[0154] Structure identification module 23: When the target block meets the preset requirements for oil and gas exploration potential, and the oil and gas reservoir type is a structural oil and gas reservoir, and the oil and gas structure is an inherited structure, the oil and gas structure identification method described in Example 1 is used for oil and gas exploration.

[0155] Regarding the oil and gas structure identification device and oil and gas exploration device in the above embodiments, the specific operation methods of each module have been described in detail in the embodiments of the corresponding methods, and will not be elaborated here.

[0156] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned method for identifying oil and gas structures in the field of petroleum exploration technology. In particular, the above-mentioned method for identifying oil and gas structures is applicable to the process of risk exploration assessment of target blocks.

[0157] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for identifying oil and gas structures or the above-described oil and gas exploration method.

[0158] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for identifying oil and gas structures or the above-described oil and gas exploration method.

[0159] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage and optical storage) containing computer-usable program code.

[0160] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0161] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0162] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0163] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method of identifying a hydrocarbon play, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: obtaining gravity anomaly data of a target block; performing data processing on the gravity anomaly data of the target block to obtain processed gravity anomaly data, wherein the data processing comprises, in sequence, median filtering processing, extension processing and derivation processing; based on the processed gravity anomaly data, identifying each gravity anomaly trap of the target block to obtain the trap range and gravity anomaly difference value of each gravity anomaly trap; based on the trap range of each gravity anomaly trap and a pre-constructed relationship between the trap range and the range of an oil and gas structure, determining the range of each oil and gas structure of the target block; and based on the gravity anomaly difference value of each gravity anomaly trap and a pre-constructed relationship between the gravity anomaly difference value and the amplitude of an oil and gas structure, determining the amplitude of each oil and gas structure of the target block.

2. The method of identifying a hydrocarbon play according to claim 1, wherein, The gravity anomaly data used in the data processing on the gravity anomaly data of the target block is Bouguer gravity anomaly data; Correspondingly, if the obtained gravity anomaly data is rock original satellite gravity distribution data, the method further comprises, before the data processing on the gravity anomaly data of the target block, the following step: performing spherical gravity correction on the original satellite gravity distribution data to obtain the Bouguer gravity anomaly data.

3. The method of identifying a hydrocarbon play according to claim 1, wherein, In the case that the target block is a sea area, the method further comprises the following step: obtaining water depth data of the target block; Before the median filtering processing on the gravity anomaly data of the target block, the method further comprises the following step: based on the water depth data of the target block, performing water body gravity correction on the gravity anomaly data; correspondingly, the gravity anomaly data used in the median filtering processing is the gravity anomaly data after the water body gravity correction.

4. The method of identifying a hydrocarbon play according to claim 1, wherein, The median filtering processing on the gravity anomaly data of the target block comprises the following steps: performing linear fitting on the frequency spectrum curve of the gravity anomaly data of the target block to retain the mid-frequency band information as the gravity anomaly data after the median filtering processing; or In the case that the actual geological structure of a known oil field is obtained, the method comprises the following steps: performing frequency division processing on the gravity anomaly data of the block where the known oil field is located until the coincidence degree between the geological structure range corresponding to the mid-frequency band data of the known oil field and the actual geological structure range of the known oil field is within a preset requirement; in the case that the known oil field is a known oil field in the target block, directly obtaining the gravity anomaly data of the target block after the median filtering processing; in the case that the known oil field is a known oil field in a neighboring block of the target block, obtaining the frequency division processing value at this time, and performing median filtering processing on the gravity anomaly data of the target block based on the frequency division processing value to obtain the gravity anomaly data of the target block after the median filtering processing; wherein the neighboring block of the target block is a block in the same geological zone as the target block.

5. The method of identifying a hydrocarbon play according to claim 4, wherein, The extension processing on the gravity anomaly data of the target block comprises the following steps: determining the oil and gas structure depth of the target block based on the main oil and gas accumulation mechanism of the target block and the neighboring block; determining the distance parameter for upward extension based on the oil and gas structure depth of the target block; based on the distance parameter, performing extension processing on the gravity anomaly data after the median filtering processing to obtain the gravity anomaly data after the extension processing; or In the case of pre-acquiring the actual geological structure of a known oilfield, the gravity anomaly data of the block where the known oilfield is located is processed by extension at different distances until the corresponding geological structure range of the known oilfield is within the preset requirements of the actual geological structure range of the known oilfield. And in the case that the known oilfield is a known oilfield within the target block, the gravity anomaly data of the target block after extension processing is directly obtained; in the case that the known oilfield is a known oilfield in the adjacent block of the target block, the extension distance at this time is obtained, and the gravity anomaly data after median filtering processing is processed by extension based on the extension distance to obtain the gravity anomaly data of the target block after extension processing.

6. The method of identifying a hydrocarbon play according to claim 5, wherein, The gravity anomaly data of the target block is processed by derivation, including: the gravity anomaly data after extension processing is processed by derivation until the clarity of the geological anomaly body boundary reaches the preset clarity requirement, to obtain the gravity anomaly data after derivation processing.

7. The method of identifying a hydrocarbon play according to claim 6, wherein, If the resolution of the obtained gravity anomaly data of the target block meets the preset resolution requirement, it also includes: the gravity anomaly data after derivation processing is processed by geological structure inversion and modeling to obtain the gravity anomaly data of the fine distribution of the density interface. Correspondingly, based on the processed gravity anomaly data, each gravity anomaly trap of the target block is identified, and each gravity anomaly trap of the target block is identified based on the gravity anomaly data of the fine distribution of the density interface.

8. The method of identifying a hydrocarbon play according to claim 1, wherein, When identifying each gravity anomaly trap of the target block, the identification standard of the gravity anomaly trap includes: A complete annular gravity contour can be identified; The area of the region surrounded by the annular gravity contour is greater than the identification accuracy of the gravity anomaly data of the target block; The gravity anomaly difference between the highest point of the gravity anomaly in the region surrounded by the annular gravity contour and the edge is greater than a preset difference value.

9. The method of identifying a hydrocarbon play according to claim 1, wherein, The relationship between the gravity anomaly trap range and the oil and gas structure range is constructed based on the gravity anomaly trap range and the oil and gas structure range of the known oil field; The relationship between the gravity anomaly difference and the oil and gas structure amplitude is constructed based on the gravity anomaly difference and the oil and gas structure amplitude of the known oil field; the known oilfield includes: a known oilfield within the target block, or a known oilfield in the adjacent block of the target block.

10. The method of identifying a hydrocarbon play according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, It also includes: Based on the oil and gas geological conditions of the target block, the reliability of the identified oil and gas structure is analyzed. The oil and gas geological conditions of the target block include one or more of the oil and gas exploration potential of the target block, the oil and gas structure type of the target block, or the geological risk conditions of the target block.

11. The method of identifying a hydrocarbon play according to claim 10, wherein, In the case of obtaining the geophysical data of the target block or its adjacent block and the elevation data of the target block, the reliability of the identified oil and gas structure within the target block is analyzed based on the consistency of the geophysical data of the target block or its adjacent block and its corresponding gravity anomaly data, and / or the elevation data of the target block.

12. A method of oil and gas exploration, characterized by, It includes: Obtain the oil and gas geological data of the target block, which includes: the geological characteristics and sedimentary evolution history of the target block and its adjacent block, the main oil and gas system of the target block, and the oil and gas accumulation mechanism of the target block and its adjacent block; determining whether the target block meets the following requirements based on the oil and gas geological data: determining whether the oil and gas exploration potential in the target block meets preset requirements based on the main oil and gas system of the target block; determining whether the oil and gas reservoir type of the target block is a structural oil and gas reservoir based on the oil and gas accumulation mechanism of the target block and its adjacent blocks; in the case that the oil and gas reservoir type of the target block is a structural oil and gas reservoir, determining whether the oil and gas structure is an inherited structure based on the geological features and sedimentary evolution history of the target block and its surrounding areas; if the oil and gas exploration potential of the target block meets the preset requirements, and the oil and gas reservoir type is a structural oil and gas reservoir, and the oil and gas structure is an inherited structure, then using the oil and gas exploration method of any one of claims 1-11 to carry out oil and gas exploration.

13. The method of hydrocarbon exploration of claim 12, wherein, In the case that the geophysical data of the target block or its adjacent blocks is obtained, the determination of whether the target block meets the following requirements based on the oil and gas geological data further comprises: determining the degree of coincidence between the geophysical data of the target block or its adjacent blocks and the corresponding gravity anomaly data; Correspondingly, the target block also needs to meet the following requirement: the degree of coincidence between the geophysical data of the target block or its adjacent blocks and the corresponding gravity anomaly data meets the preset coincidence requirement.

14. A device for identifying oil and gas structures, characterized in that, It comprises: a first data acquisition module for acquiring the gravity anomaly data of the target block; a data processing module for processing the gravity anomaly data of the target block to obtain processed gravity anomaly data, the data processing comprising in sequence: median filtering processing, extension processing and derivation processing; a trap identification module for identifying each gravity anomaly trap of the target block based on the processed gravity anomaly data, to obtain the trap range and gravity anomaly difference value of each gravity anomaly trap; an identification module for determining the range of each oil and gas structure of the target block based on the trap range of each gravity anomaly trap and the pre-constructed relationship between the gravity anomaly trap range and the oil and gas structure range; determining the amplitude of each oil and gas structure of the target block based on the gravity anomaly difference value of each gravity anomaly trap and the pre-constructed relationship between the gravity anomaly difference value and the oil and gas structure amplitude.

15. An oil and gas exploration apparatus, characterized by, It comprises: a second data acquisition module for acquiring the oil and gas geological data of the target block, the oil and gas geological data comprising: the geological features and sedimentary evolution history of the target block and its adjacent blocks, the main oil and gas system of the target block, and the oil and gas accumulation mechanism of the target block and its adjacent blocks; a judgment module for determining whether the target block meets the following requirements based on the oil and gas geological data: determining whether the oil and gas exploration potential in the target block meets preset requirements based on the main oil and gas system of the target block; determining whether the oil and gas reservoir type of the target block is a structural oil and gas reservoir based on the oil and gas accumulation mechanism of the target block and its adjacent blocks; in the case that the oil and gas reservoir type of the target block is a structural oil and gas reservoir, determining whether the oil and gas structure is an inherited structure based on the geological features and sedimentary evolution history of the target block and its surrounding areas; The structure identification module is configured to, when the target block meets the preset requirement for oil and gas exploration potential, the oil and gas reservoir type is a structural oil and gas reservoir, and the oil and gas structure is an inherited structure, use the method for identifying the oil and gas structure according to any one of claims 1-11 to perform oil and gas exploration.

16. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by the processor to implement the method for identifying the oil and gas structure according to any one of claims 1-11 or the oil and gas exploration method according to claim 12 or 13.

17. A computer program product, characterised in that, The computer program product includes a computer program, and the computer program is executed by the processor to implement the method for identifying the oil and gas structure according to any one of claims 1-11 or the oil and gas exploration method according to claim 12 or 13.

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