Commodity full life cycle state management method, device, equipment, medium and product

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of Internet of Things, and provides a commodity full life cycle state management method, device and equipment, a medium and a product, and the method comprises the steps: deploying passive Internet of Things tags in a grading manner based on a deployment scene communication demand, and collecting commodity state information; the method comprises the following steps: constructing a three-level networking architecture based on deployment scene communication requirements, and reading commodity state information through reader-writer nodes of different network hierarchies; carrying out block chain credible uploading on the commodity state information; and constructing a space-time state chain of the whole life cycle of the commodity, and managing each supply chain link. According to the commodity full-life-cycle state management method provided by the invention, the deployment cost and the maintenance difficulty are reduced by using passive design, wide-area coverage and efficient reading of label information are realized by relying on distributed reader-writer nodes of a three-level networking architecture, the commodity state information is subjected to block chain credible chaining, and the commodity full-life-cycle state management efficiency is improved. The end-to-end credible closed loop of data from collection to storage is realized, and finally, the data of each link is managed, so that the comprehensive management of the whole life cycle is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of Internet of Things, and in particular to a commodity full life cycle state management method, device, equipment, medium and product. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of Internet of Things technology, Internet of Things commodities are increasingly widely used in various fields. However, the state management of Internet of Things commodities has become a problem to be solved. Traditional commodity management methods often rely on centralized servers and wired power supplies, which increases the complexity and cost of the system, and also limits the deployment range and flexibility of Internet of Things commodities. Moreover, in the data transmission process, especially when the tag is far away from the reader or the data transmission environment is complex, the existing technology lacks security measures to ensure the security and credibility of the data. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application provides a commodity full life cycle state management method, device, equipment, medium and product to solve the problem that the existing commodity management method limits the deployment range and flexibility, and lacks information security protection measures in the data transmission process.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides a commodity full life cycle state management method, comprising: deploying passive Internet of Things tags based on the communication needs of the deployment scenario, and collecting commodity state information through the passive Internet of Things tags; constructing a three-level networking architecture based on the communication needs of the deployment scenario, and reading the commodity state information in the passive Internet of Things tags through the reader nodes of the networking architecture; transmitting the commodity state information to a blockchain network for trusted on-chain, and obtaining blockchain data; constructing a space-time state chain of the commodity full life cycle based on the blockchain data, and managing each supply chain link in the commodity full life cycle based on the space-time state chain.

[0005] In one embodiment, the passive Internet of Things tags are deployed based on the communication needs of the deployment scenario, comprising: deploying a first passive Internet of Things tag integrated with a backscattering communication function in a wide-area scenario according to the communication needs of the wide-area scenario; deploying a second passive Internet of Things tag integrated with a photovoltaic-radio dual-mode micro energy collection function in a local-area scenario according to the communication needs of the local-area scenario; deploying a third passive Internet of Things tag integrated with a data caching function in a communication blind area according to the communication needs of the communication blind area.

[0006] In one embodiment, after deploying passive IoT tags hierarchically based on the communication needs of the deployment scenario, and before constructing a three-tier network architecture based on the communication needs of the deployment scenario, the method further includes: The network resources of the passive IoT tags are dynamically allocated based on the value of the goods and the sensitivity of the data.

[0007] In one embodiment, the construction of a three-tier network architecture based on the communication requirements of the deployment scenario, and the reading of product status information from the passive IoT tag through the reader nodes of the network architecture, includes: Based on the communication requirements of the wide-area scenario, a first network architecture for direct communication between base stations and passive IoT tags is constructed. Under the first network architecture, the base station serves as the reader node, and the product status information in the first passive IoT tag is directly read through the base station.

[0008] In one embodiment, the construction of a three-tier network architecture based on the communication requirements of the deployment scenario, and the reading of product status information from the passive IoT tag through the reader nodes of the network architecture, further includes: Based on the communication requirements of the local scenario, a second network architecture is constructed for indirect communication between user equipment and passive IoT tags; In the second network architecture, the user equipment is used as a reader node with relay function to read the product status information in the second passive IoT tag.

[0009] In one embodiment, the construction of a three-tier network architecture based on the communication requirements of the deployment scenario, and the reading of product status information from the passive IoT tag through the reader nodes of the network architecture, further includes: Based on the communication requirements of the aforementioned communication blind spots, a third network architecture is constructed for near-field blind spot communication between the blind spot reader and the passive IoT tag; In the third network architecture, the blind reader is used as a reader node with wireless communication function, and the product status information in the third passive IoT tag is read through the blind reader.

[0010] In one embodiment, transmitting the product status information to a blockchain network for trusted on-chain processing to obtain blockchain data includes: A fragmentation encryption algorithm is used to split the product status information into multiple encrypted product data fragments; The encrypted data fragments are distributed and stored across multiple blockchain nodes in the blockchain network, and different types of data in the product status information are processed on-chain accordingly to obtain blockchain data.

[0011] In one embodiment, the product status information includes identification data; the on-chain processing of different types of data in the product status information includes: Verify the continuity of the hash chain based on the current hash value and the preceding hash value fragment carried by the passive IoT tag when the information is read; After passing the hash chain continuity verification, a transaction hash is generated based on the identification information of the passive IoT tag; The transaction hash is broadcast to a first target blockchain node in the blockchain network, and the first target blockchain node verifies the legality of the transaction based on the transaction hash. After the transaction's legality is verified, the transaction hash is written into the main blockchain.

[0012] In one embodiment, the product status information includes sensor data; the on-chain processing of different types of data in the product status information further includes: If the real-time change of the sensor data exceeds a preset change amount, the sensor data is encrypted to obtain encrypted sensor data. The encrypted sensing data is split into multiple encrypted sensing data fragments, and a threshold value is set for restoring the multiple encrypted sensing data fragments; The multiple encrypted sensor data fragments are scattered by radio frequency signals to multiple second target blockchain nodes in different directions for storage.

[0013] In one embodiment, the spatiotemporal state chain of the entire product lifecycle includes spatiotemporal state sub-chains for each link in the supply chain; the construction of the spatiotemporal state chain of the entire product lifecycle based on the blockchain data includes: Based on the blockchain data, supply chain data for each link in the supply chain throughout the entire product lifecycle is determined; Based on the block header and block body, a spatiotemporal state sub-chain is constructed for each of the aforementioned supply chain links; the block header is generated based on the supply chain stage identifier, timestamp, and geographic location hash; the block body is generated based on the supply chain data. The supply chain data in each of the spatiotemporal state subchains is associated with its corresponding spatiotemporal index; the spatiotemporal index is generated based on the timestamp and the geographic location hash of the supply chain data.

[0014] In one embodiment, managing each link in the supply chain throughout the entire product lifecycle based on the spatiotemporal state chain includes: In response to a cross-chain query request, extract the spatiotemporal index of the current supply chain data and the target spatiotemporal state sub-chain to be queried in the cross-chain query request; Using smart contracts on the blockchain, based on the spatiotemporal index of the current supply chain data, data retrieval is performed on the target spatiotemporal state subchain to obtain the target supply chain data, and the target supply chain data is verified. After successful verification, the current supply chain data and the target supply chain data are integrated to generate product status management analysis results.

[0015] In one embodiment, the product lifecycle status management method further includes: Within the first time period, the first parameter observation data of each target parameter in the product status information is acquired; the weight value of each target parameter is determined by the analytic hierarchy process; and a product status evaluation model is constructed based on the first parameter observation data and its corresponding weight value. During the second time period, second parameter observation data of each target parameter in the product status information are acquired; the second parameter observation data are input into the product status evaluation model to obtain the status score observation data of each target parameter output by the product status evaluation model; the Pearson correlation coefficient between the second parameter observation data and the status score observation data is determined; the weight values ​​of each target parameter in the product status evaluation model are updated through each Pearson correlation coefficient to obtain the updated product status evaluation model. The start time of the second time period is later than the end time of the first time period; The third parameter observation data of each of the target parameters is input into the updated commodity status assessment model to obtain the target status score results of each of the target parameters output by the updated commodity status assessment model. Multi-dimensional risk warnings are issued based on the target state scoring results.

[0016] Secondly, this application also provides a product lifecycle status management device, comprising: The passive IoT tag management module is used to deploy passive IoT tags hierarchically based on the communication requirements of the deployment scenario, and to collect product status information through the passive IoT tags; The network architecture management module is used to build a three-level network architecture based on the communication requirements of the deployment scenario, and read the product status information in the passive IoT tag through the reader nodes of the network architecture; The blockchain data storage module is used to transmit the product status information to the blockchain network for trusted on-chain processing, thereby obtaining blockchain data. The product lifecycle status management module is used to construct a spatiotemporal status chain for the entire product lifecycle based on the blockchain data, and to manage each supply chain link in the entire product lifecycle based on the spatiotemporal status chain.

[0017] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it implements the steps of any of the above-described product lifecycle status management methods.

[0018] Fourthly, this application also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any of the above-described product lifecycle status management methods.

[0019] Fifthly, this application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of any of the above-described product lifecycle status management methods.

[0020] The product lifecycle status management method, device, equipment, medium, and product provided in this application are based on the hierarchical deployment of passive IoT tags and the construction of a three-level network architecture according to the communication needs of the deployment scenario. The passive design reduces deployment costs and maintenance difficulty, enabling flexible collection of product status information. Relying on the three-level network architecture, wide-area coverage and efficient reading of tag information are achieved through distributed reader nodes, improving the flexibility and reliability of data collection in complex environments. Then, the product status information is transmitted to the blockchain network for trusted on-chain storage. The decentralized nature of blockchain avoids the risk of data tampering, ensuring the security and credibility of data throughout the process, and realizing an end-to-end trusted closed loop of product status information from collection to storage. Finally, on this basis, a spatiotemporal status chain for the entire product lifecycle is constructed to monitor each link in the supply chain, achieving comprehensive management of the entire product lifecycle over a wide area. This helps to digitize, network, and intelligentize product information, form digital assets, and promote the full circulation of data elements. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the product lifecycle status management method provided in this application.

[0023] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of labeling operations at each stage of the supply chain throughout the entire product lifecycle provided in this application.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the data transmission architecture in the cold chain transportation scenario provided in this application.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the network structure of the first network architecture provided in this application.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the network structure of the second network architecture provided in this application.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the network structure of the third network architecture provided in this application.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the product lifecycle status management device provided in this application.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0031] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0032] The following is combined with Figures 1-8 This application describes the product lifecycle status management method, apparatus, equipment, medium, and product provided.

[0033] The product lifecycle status management method provided in this application embodiment can be implemented based on a product lifecycle status management device. Therefore, this application embodiment uses a product lifecycle status management device as the execution subject to describe the product lifecycle status management method.

[0034] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the product lifecycle status management method provided in this application.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the product lifecycle status management method includes the following steps: Step 101: Deploy passive IoT tags in a hierarchical manner based on the communication requirements of the deployment scenario, and collect product status information through the passive IoT tags.

[0036] Specifically, traditional methods for managing the state of IoT products often rely on centralized servers and wired power supplies, which increases system complexity and cost, and limits the deployment scope and flexibility of IoT products. Passive IoT tags, as a low-power, long-life IoT device identification technology, offer a new approach to solving these problems.

[0037] Passive IoT tags are IoT devices that do not require an external power source. They operate by collecting energy from the environment, such as light, heat, and mechanical energy, enabling data storage, sensing, and communication. When a passive IoT tag enters the reader's range, its integrated antenna receives a radio frequency (RF) signal from the reader. This RF signal induces a current in the antenna, which in turn drives the chip circuitry within the tag. After the chip circuitry operates, it processes the product information stored within the tag and reflects it back to the reader as an RF signal through the antenna. The reader receives these backscattered signals, decodes them, and retrieves the information from the passive IoT tag.

[0038] Passive IoT tags can be broadly categorized into two types: identification applications and sensing applications. Identification applications primarily assign an electronic tag to an item for automated management. Sensing applications, on the other hand, incorporate ultra-low-power miniature sensors on the tag to detect environmental information such as temperature, humidity, and vibration, significantly expanding the application scenarios of passive IoT. This application focuses on commodity status management, particularly the entire lifecycle management of high-value goods. For certain special commodities, such as pharmaceuticals and food, there are stricter environmental regulations at every stage of warehousing, transportation, sales, and use. Therefore, identification and sensing applications are needed to monitor the temperature, humidity, vibration, and other information of these commodities in real time.

[0039] Passive IoT tags, with their unique technological advantages of being battery-free, environmentally dependent, and offering low-power communication, show great promise for the status management of IoT products. However, their core characteristics of "limited energy harvesting" and "environmentally dependent communication distance" dictate that their deployment scenarios need to be adapted to specific environments. From vast outdoor logistics tracking to dense warehouse merchandise management, and even extreme environments where signal coverage is difficult, such as underground spaces or tunnels, different scenarios present varying requirements for the communication distance, data transmission methods, and environmental adaptability of passive IoT tags.

[0040] In the actual deployment of passive IoT tags, due to differences in coverage, signal environment, and data interaction requirements, deployment scenarios can be categorized into wide-area scenarios, local-area scenarios, and communication blind spots. Based on the communication needs of different deployment scenarios, different types of passive IoT tags are deployed in a hierarchical manner in coordination with the cellular network, classifying passive IoT tags into three levels: core-level (wide-area tags), edge-level (local-area tags), and terminal-level (closed-environment tags). With the coordinated action of the cellular network, passive IoT tags can achieve seamless switching between wide-area, local-area, and communication blind spots. This seamless switching capability enables passive IoT tags to maintain stable connections in various complex environments, thereby achieving efficient IoT product tracking and management.

[0041] In a hierarchical tag deployment architecture, product status information is collected through passive IoT tags. Since passive IoT tags have two main functions: identification and sensing, the product status information collected by passive IoT tags can include both identification and sensing data.

[0042] Identification data is primarily used for electronic identification of goods, such as product serial numbers, names, specifications, production dates, expiration dates, and anti-counterfeiting security information. This data facilitates rapid retrieval and location during the product circulation process. By reading identification data, relevant personnel can quickly understand the basic attributes of goods, ensuring that goods are handled according to correct procedures in transportation, warehousing, and sales, avoiding errors caused by information confusion. Simultaneously, this identification data also aids in product traceability management, enabling rapid tracing of the product's production source and relevant batch information in the event of quality problems or other anomalies.

[0043] Sensor data focuses on reflecting the environmental conditions of the goods and changes in the goods' own condition, such as environmental parameters like temperature, humidity, light intensity, and vibration amplitude during storage and transportation, physical conditions like whether the goods are intact, damaged, or have been opened, location changes throughout the goods' lifecycle, and timestamps of changes in the goods' condition (which can be used to track the goods' historical status). Through this data, we can understand in real time the environmental conditions and the goods' own condition during transportation, warehousing, and other stages, providing a strong basis for the quality assurance and safety management of the goods.

[0044] Of course, there are exceptions. For certain products, sensor data collection is unnecessary. For example, some solid products that are not easily affected by the environment maintain relatively stable physical and environmental conditions during routine transportation and warehousing. Collecting sensor data in these cases may not significantly improve product quality assurance and safety management; instead, it may increase the cost of data collection and processing. Therefore, in practical applications, the decision to collect sensor data can be flexibly made based on the specific characteristics and needs of the product to achieve more efficient and accurate product lifecycle management.

[0045] Passive IoT tags pre-store static identification data of goods in a read-only storage area to prevent tampering; the passive IoT tags also reserve sensor interfaces as dynamic sensing data areas, supporting time-division multiplexing of writing, so that sensors can be activated and data updated as needed through reader commands, reducing tag energy consumption and providing a foundation for product status monitoring.

[0046] Step 102: Construct a three-level network architecture based on the communication requirements of the deployment scenario, and read the product status information in the passive IoT tag through the reader node of the network architecture.

[0047] Specifically, in the case of deploying passive IoT tags hierarchically based on cellular networks, a three-tier network architecture needs to be built based on cellular readers. As a key node in the three-tier network architecture, the layout and configuration of the readers also need to be designed according to the deployment scenario and its communication requirements.

[0048] For wide-area scenarios, which have broad coverage and long communication distances, a core-level reader node is used as the core layer of the architecture. The core-level reader node has powerful signal receiving and transmitting capabilities, enabling stable long-distance communication with wide-area tags, ensuring accurate transmission of product status information in wide-area scenarios.

[0049] For localized scenarios, where the coverage area is relatively small and the communication distance is short, edge-level reader nodes are used as the edge layer of the architecture. These edge-level reader nodes can communicate efficiently with local tags, quickly read product status information from the tags, and improve the response speed of the entire network architecture.

[0050] For extreme environments such as communication dead zones, where communication conditions are poor and signal coverage is difficult, terminal-level reader nodes are used as the terminal layer of the architecture. Although the communication distance of terminal-level reader nodes is limited, they have high environmental adaptability and can work stably in harsh environments. Terminal-level reader nodes work in conjunction with tags in enclosed environments to transmit product status information within communication dead zones, ensuring that products in these special areas can also be effectively managed.

[0051] Through this three-level networking architecture, each level of reader node can leverage its respective advantages according to different application scenarios to achieve efficient and stable transmission of product status information, providing strong support for product lifecycle status management.

[0052] Step 103: Transmit the product status information to the blockchain network for trusted on-chain processing to obtain blockchain data.

[0053] Specifically, even though passive IoT tags can collect and transmit product status information, the collected information still faces security and reliability issues. A reliable mechanism is still needed to ensure the authenticity and integrity of this information. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized and immutable characteristics, offers the possibility of reliable recording and management of IoT product status data. The distributed network of blockchain is inherently decentralized; there is no single central node controlling the entire network. Each node can participate in data verification, storage, and transmission. Nodes joining the network are authenticated to ensure that only legitimate participants can join.

[0054] After the product status information is read from the passive IoT tag by the reader node in the network, the product status information is transmitted to the blockchain network to execute the blockchain data trusted on-chain mechanism. Utilizing the decentralized nature of blockchain, data is distributed and stored across multiple nodes, preventing data loss or distortion due to attacks or tampering with a single node. Simultaneously, the immutability of blockchain ensures that the product status information, once on-chain, cannot be maliciously modified, thus guaranteeing the authenticity and integrity of the data.

[0055] This process ensures a reliable, end-to-end closed loop for product status information from collection to storage, providing a reliable data foundation for subsequent traceability and management of the product's entire lifecycle status.

[0056] Step 104: Construct a spatiotemporal state chain for the entire product lifecycle based on the blockchain data, and manage each supply chain link in the entire product lifecycle based on the spatiotemporal state chain.

[0057] Specifically, the entire product lifecycle can be divided into four supply chain stages: production, transportation, warehousing, and sales. For example...Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This application provides a schematic diagram of tagging operations at each stage of the product supply chain throughout its entire lifecycle. As can be seen, each supply chain stage corresponds to a specific tagging operation to record the product status information generated at that stage. Passive IoT tags are used to collect product status information at each stage of the supply chain. This information is then read by reader nodes and transmitted to the blockchain network for trusted on-chain uploading. This allows data requesters to query, analyze, and manage product data at a specific stage of the supply chain, or product data across multiple stages, or product data throughout its entire lifecycle, according to their needs.

[0058] In one example, during the entire lifecycle of transportation, the transmission of product status information from passive IoT tags is prone to network tracking and monitoring interruptions. Therefore, user equipment readers can be installed on transportation vehicles. A specific implementation example can be combined with... Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the data transmission architecture in a cold chain transportation scenario provided in this application. Taking the road transportation of cold chain goods by truck or container as a typical scenario for analysis, due to the iron shell structure of the truck or container, external wireless signals cannot penetrate it, so the transportation environment where the product is located lacks network signal coverage. Therefore, a user equipment reader is installed inside the truck or container to periodically perform inventory operations on the goods, thereby obtaining periodic status information in real time. An antenna is deployed outside the vehicle to transmit the periodic status information back to the macro base station in real time, realizing the monitoring and management of cold chain goods.

[0059] Based on the real-time and trusted uploading of supply chain data to the blockchain, a spatiotemporal state chain for the entire product lifecycle is constructed. This involves extracting the supply chain stage identifier, timestamp, and geolocation hash from the product status information (i.e., supply chain data) recorded on the blockchain. The supply chain data identifies which link in the supply chain it belongs to, the timestamp records the time the data was generated, and the geolocation hash records the specific location of the product. By linking the supply chain stage identifier, timestamp, and geolocation hash of the product status information (i.e., supply chain data), the status information of the product at different times, locations, and supply chain stages is connected, constructing a complete spatiotemporal state chain.

[0060] Based on the spatiotemporal state chain of the entire product lifecycle, it is possible to monitor, analyze and process each link in the supply chain throughout the product lifecycle, thereby achieving comprehensive state management of the entire product lifecycle.

[0061] The product lifecycle status management method provided in this application deploys passive IoT tags in a hierarchical manner based on the communication needs of the deployment scenario and constructs a three-level network architecture. The passive design reduces deployment costs and maintenance difficulty, enabling flexible collection of product status information. Relying on the three-level network architecture, distributed reader nodes achieve wide-area coverage and efficient reading of tag information, improving the flexibility and reliability of data collection in complex environments. Then, the product status information is transmitted to the blockchain network for trusted on-chain storage. The decentralized nature of blockchain avoids the risk of data tampering, ensuring the security and credibility of data throughout the entire process, and realizing an end-to-end trusted closed loop of product status information from collection to storage. Finally, based on this, a spatiotemporal status chain for the entire product lifecycle is constructed to monitor each link in the supply chain, achieving comprehensive management of the entire product lifecycle over a wide area. This helps to digitize, network, and intelligentize product information, forming digital assets and promoting the full circulation of data elements.

[0062] In one embodiment, based on step 101, the hierarchical deployment of passive IoT tags based on communication requirements of the deployment scenario includes: Based on the communication requirements of wide-area scenarios, a first passive IoT tag integrating backscatter communication function is deployed in the wide-area scenario; Based on the communication requirements of the local area scenario, a second passive IoT tag integrating photovoltaic-RF dual-mode micro energy harvesting function is deployed in the local area scenario; Based on the communication needs of the communication blind spots, a third passive IoT tag integrating data caching function is deployed in the communication blind spots.

[0063] Specifically, wide-area scenarios, characterized by broad coverage and long communication distances, such as logistics trunk lines and warehousing parks, place high demands on the communication capabilities of passive IoT tags. Therefore, based on the communication requirements of wide-area scenarios, the first passive IoT tag is deployed, specifically choosing an ultra-high frequency (UHF) IoT tag. Leveraging its long-range identification characteristics, it can adapt to the application needs of large-area, high-speed movement. Furthermore, the first passive IoT tag also needs to integrate backscatter communication functionality, enabling direct communication using 5G base stations. The first passive IoT tag transmits data by backscattering the base station's radio frequency signal, achieving a communication distance of over 10 meters and supporting high-speed movement scenarios. When the passive IoT tag transmits data via backscattering the base station's radio frequency signal, it employs adaptive signal modulation technology. Based on the distance between the tag and the base station and environmental interference, such as metal reflection and multipath effects, the modulation method of the backscattered signal is dynamically adjusted to ensure stable communication even at high speeds (e.g., truck speeds >80 km / h) or in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0064] Localized scenarios are characterized by small coverage areas and short communication distances. Examples include enclosed or complex environments such as transport vehicles and indoor warehouses, which place high demands on the flexible communication capabilities of passive IoT tags. Therefore, based on the communication requirements of localized scenarios, a second passive IoT tag is deployed. This tag employs a passive micro-energy harvesting technology-based micro-energy sensing tag. This tag integrates a photovoltaic-RF dual-mode functional module, which collects ambient light energy and base station RF energy to drive the sensor. It supports multi-parameter sensing (e.g., temperature, humidity, vibration) and offline data caching. Data is transmitted to the base station via a vehicle / indoor user equipment relay reader, ensuring stable data transmission even in complex environments. In the photovoltaic-RF dual-mode module, sunlight is prioritized for power supply. When there is sufficient sunlight, the photovoltaic module continuously powers the tag. When entering an enclosed environment, it automatically switches to RF energy harvesting mode, driving the sensor by receiving RF signals from the base station or relay reader. Seamless switching between the two modes ensures continuous sensing and communication.

[0065] Communication dead zones are characterized by complete lack of signal coverage or extremely weak signal, such as tunnels or underground warehouses. These areas place extremely high demands on the autonomous operation capabilities of passive IoT tags. Therefore, based on the communication needs of these dead zones, a third passive IoT tag is deployed. This tag has a built-in low-power cache chip, enabling it to continuously collect and temporarily store data in environments with no or extremely weak signal. When the tag enters a signal coverage area, it automatically triggers a data upload mechanism, transmitting the cached data in batches to the base station via the user equipment relay reader, ensuring data integrity and timeliness.

[0066] This application embodiment deploys passive IoT tags in a hierarchical manner based on the communication needs of the deployment scenario, effectively covering the needs of wide-area long-distance communication, local high-efficiency energy self-sufficiency, and blind zone data temporary storage and delayed transmission. It improves the full-area perception coverage, communication stability and deployment flexibility of passive IoT in complex environments, reduces the dependence on continuous power supply, and provides low-cost and highly adaptable technical support for the whole life cycle management of goods.

[0067] In one embodiment, after deploying passive IoT tags hierarchically based on the communication needs of the deployment scenario, and before constructing a three-tier network architecture based on the communication needs of the deployment scenario, the method further includes: The network resources of the passive IoT tags are dynamically allocated based on the value of the goods and the sensitivity of the data.

[0068] Specifically, the core network, as a network architecture capable of performing multiple functions, can be selected in this application embodiment to undertake key data processing tasks. The core network is responsible for the access management, security, and billing of passive IoT terminals, as well as reader and network topology management, access control, and data routing, and provides artificial intelligence of the Internet of Things (A-IoT) network services to the outside world, ensuring that operators can manage, control, and operate the A-IoT network.

[0069] The core network can also provide passive IoT tag access management functionality, enabling the registration and signing of passive IoT tag information within the core network to achieve effective network management of passive IoT tags. This tag access management function also forms the basis for operator network billing, supporting methods such as billing based on the number of registered tags, the number of tags actually used, inventory and access frequency, and data transmission traffic.

[0070] The core network can employ contract-based and policy-driven management to allocate and schedule resources for passive IoT tags of goods with different priorities, based on the value and data sensitivity of the goods. For high-value and data-sensitive goods, their corresponding passive IoT tags will be allocated more premium network resources to ensure low-latency, high-bandwidth transmission of goods status information. Conversely, for goods with relatively low value and low data sensitivity, their passive IoT tags will be allocated fewer network resources. This approach aims to achieve rational utilization and optimized allocation of network resources while ensuring basic data transmission, thereby improving network resource utilization efficiency.

[0071] Network resources include, but are not limited to, wireless access, network priority, and network reliability. The priority of network resource usage is planned during the service signing phase and plays a role in the network access process, aiming to provide different network service level agreements for different types of services.

[0072] This invention dynamically allocates network resources based on commodity value and data sensitivity, enabling precise and differentiated configuration of network resources. This ensures the real-time nature and reliability of core commodity data, improves resource utilization, and enhances the overall network's operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It also lays the foundation for efficient resource scheduling in the subsequent three-tier network architecture.

[0073] In one embodiment, based on step 102, the construction of a three-level network architecture based on the communication requirements of the deployment scenario, and the reading of product status information from the passive IoT tag through the reader nodes of the network architecture, includes: Based on the communication requirements of the wide-area scenario, a first network architecture for direct communication between base stations and passive IoT tags is constructed. Under the first network architecture, the base station serves as the reader node, and the product status information in the first passive IoT tag is directly read through the base station.

[0074] The following content combines Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the network structure of the first network architecture provided in this application.

[0075] Specifically, based on the communication characteristics of wide-area coverage and efficient access in wide-area scenarios, the reader / writer function is deeply integrated into existing cellular base stations. Following 3GPP standards, direct communication between the base station and passive IoT tags is used as the basic topology to construct the first network architecture, which is the core layer of the overall network architecture. Utilizing operator-licensed spectrum to achieve bidirectional communication significantly enhances the technological competitiveness of cellular passive IoT, manifested in longer communication distances, continuous and wide-area coverage, higher inventory success rates, and the flexibility to support both local and wide-area deployments.

[0076] In the first network architecture, the 5G macro base station is given the role of core read and write node, communicating directly with the first passive IoT tag to ensure stable data transmission in ultra-long distance (>10 meters) and high-speed mobile scenarios.

[0077] The first network architecture built based on the communication needs of wide-area scenarios in this application embodiment achieves long-distance and large-scale direct collection of commodity status information in a wide area by using base stations as reader nodes to communicate directly with passive IoT tags, thereby improving the real-time performance and coverage efficiency of data transmission, while reducing additional deployment costs by relying on the existing infrastructure of base stations.

[0078] In one embodiment, based on step 102, the construction of a three-level network architecture based on the communication requirements of the deployment scenario, and the reading of product status information from the passive IoT tag through the reader nodes of the network architecture, further includes: Based on the communication requirements of the local scenario, a second network architecture is constructed for indirect communication between user equipment and passive IoT tags; In the second network architecture, the user equipment is used as a reader node with relay function to read the product status information in the second passive IoT tag.

[0079] The following content combines Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the network structure of the second network architecture provided in this application.

[0080] Specifically, based on the first network architecture, and taking into account the communication characteristics of local scenarios such as small coverage area and short communication distance, a strategy of local expansion and flexible relay is adopted to construct a second network architecture by using user equipment as a relay topology for readers and writers.

[0081] In the second network architecture, the reader / writer function of user equipment is strictly controlled by the base station to meet the operator's needs for planning, managing, and controlling authorized network resources. By using user equipment as a reader / writer node with relay capabilities, user equipment can act as an intermediate node to achieve indirect communication between the base station and passive IoT tags within the local area.

[0082] To address the limited indoor coverage of cellular networks, such as signal instability or blind spots caused by building obstructions and signal attenuation, user equipment (UE) is used as a relay node, effectively extending the functionality of the reader. Leveraging its mobility and flexibility, the UE can connect to indoor cell towers, extending reader functionality to indoor blind spots and significantly improving the accuracy of inventory and tracking. Simultaneously, using the UE as a relay node also extends the reader's communication distance, enabling reading and writing operations on long-range tags and further enhancing the overall system coverage.

[0083] In one example, for complex scenarios such as transport vehicles and indoor warehouses, vehicle-mounted or indoor edge readers (user equipment relays) are deployed to read product status information. These readers are tightly connected to the core layer via cellular networks, forming a seamless communication link to achieve efficient transmission of product status information.

[0084] The user equipment (UE) adopts a low-power design, supporting concurrent read / write operations for multiple tags (>100 tags / second), significantly improving data processing efficiency. Simultaneously, dynamic power adjustment technology optimizes the distribution of radio frequency energy, ensuring stable power supply and communication for tags in enclosed environments. As a reader / writer, the UE can flexibly connect to indoor small base stations or outdoor macro base stations and is fully controlled by the core network, including reader authorization, inventory management, and read / write process management. This design ensures that passive IoT tags can operate normally under both architectures, achieving seamless integration between wide-area and local areas.

[0085] This application embodiment constructs a second network architecture based on local area scenario communication requirements. By using user equipment with relay function as reader nodes to indirectly read passive IoT tag information, it realizes flexible commodity status data collection within the local area. It fills the local blind spots of wide area base station coverage by utilizing the mobility and deployment convenience of user equipment, reduces the dependence on macro base stations, and improves the flexibility and reliability of commodity status data collection in local scenarios.

[0086] In one embodiment, based on step 102, the construction of a three-level network architecture based on the communication requirements of the deployment scenario, and the reading of product status information from the passive IoT tag through the reader nodes of the network architecture, further includes: Based on the communication requirements of the aforementioned communication blind spots, a third network architecture is constructed for near-field blind spot communication between the blind spot reader and the passive IoT tag; In the third network architecture, the blind reader is used as a reader node with wireless communication function, and the product status information in the third passive IoT tag is read through the blind reader.

[0087] The following content combines Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the network structure of the third network architecture provided in this application.

[0088] Specifically, based on the first and second network architectures, and taking into account the communication characteristics such as no signal coverage or extremely weak signal in communication blind spots, a strategy of near-field blind spot compensation and data caching is adopted. Convenient blind spot compensation readers are deployed in communication blind spots, and the blind spot compensation readers and edge readers work together to form a network to build a third network architecture.

[0089] In the third network architecture, the wireless communication function (such as Bluetooth or WiFi) of the blind spot reader is used to read the product status information of the passive IoT tag. Based on the multi-layer communication network, the tag data is transmitted back to the edge reader, and then transmitted back to the base station through the edge reader, thus realizing indirect communication between the base station and the passive IoT tag.

[0090] The blind spot reader adopts a lightweight design, making it easy to carry and deploy. In the absence of signal coverage, the blind spot reader enters offline mode. In offline mode, it can cache tag data to ensure that the data is not lost. Once the network is restored, the blind spot reader automatically sends the cached data back to the edge reader, and then from the edge reader back to the base station, ensuring the integrity and traceability of the data throughout the entire lifecycle.

[0091] The embodiments of this application construct a three-level network architecture based on the communication requirements of the deployment scenario. By using blind spot readers with wireless communication capabilities as reader nodes, passive IoT tag information is read indirectly. At the same time, an offline caching mechanism is adopted to provide reliable protection for tag data collection in communication blind spots and improve the robustness of tag data collection in communication blind spots.

[0092] The aforementioned three-tiered network architecture works together to form a three-dimensional communication network of "basic coverage - deep penetration - blind spot filling", ultimately achieving comprehensive and efficient collection of product status information in various deployment scenarios, significantly improving the system's adaptability and data collection integrity in complex environments.

[0093] In one embodiment, based on step 103, transmitting the product status information to a blockchain network for trusted on-chain processing to obtain blockchain data includes: A fragmentation encryption algorithm is used to split the product status information into multiple encrypted product data fragments; The encrypted data fragments are distributed and stored across multiple blockchain nodes in the blockchain network, and different types of data in the product status information are processed on-chain accordingly to obtain blockchain data.

[0094] Specifically, after transmitting the product status information to the blockchain network, a sharding encryption algorithm is used to split the product status information into multiple fragments. The splitting rules can be based on various factors such as data size, type, and timestamp, and each fragment is encrypted to obtain multiple encrypted product data fragments.

[0095] Multiple encrypted data fragments are distributed and stored across multiple blockchain nodes in a blockchain network. Each blockchain node only stores a portion of the encrypted product data fragment, and the complete information can only be restored through the collaboration of more than a threshold number of blockchain nodes, preventing single-point data leakage. Using sharding encryption and distributed storage, a dynamic on-chain strategy is employed, with differentiated on-chain processing for identification-type data and sensor-type data to ensure data security, integrity, and on-chain efficiency.

[0096] This application's embodiments enhance data's resistance to tampering and privacy security through fragmented encryption and distributed storage. It also adopts differentiated on-chain processing for different types of data, improving on-chain efficiency and adaptability. Ultimately, it ensures the trusted storage, secure sharing, and efficient management of product status information in the blockchain network, providing reliable data support for the management of the entire product lifecycle.

[0097] In one embodiment, the on-chain processing of different types of data in the product status information includes: Verify the continuity of the hash chain based on the current hash value and the preceding hash value fragment carried by the passive IoT tag when the information is read; After passing the hash chain continuity verification, a transaction hash is generated based on the identification information of the passive IoT tag; The transaction hash is broadcast to a first target blockchain node in the blockchain network, and the first target blockchain node verifies the legality of the transaction based on the transaction hash. After the transaction's legality is verified, the transaction hash is written into the main blockchain.

[0098] Specifically, for identifier-type data, the on-chain strategy mainly aims to ensure data continuity.

[0099] Each passive IoT tag generates a unique root hash during initialization and iteratively generates a dynamic verification code based on this root hash in chronological order, which serves as the current hash value. Each time the passive IoT tag communicates with the base station, it carries the current hash value and a fragment of the previous hash value to verify the continuity of the hash chain.

[0100] By using the current hash value and previous hash value fragments carried by passive IoT tags, a complete hash chain is constructed. Leveraging the immutability of the hash chain, the continuity and integrity of identifier data are guaranteed during transmission and storage. If the continuity verification of the hash chain fails, it indicates that the data may have been tampered with. In this case, the request to upload that data to the chain will be rejected, thus ensuring that all data stored on the blockchain is authentic and trustworthy.

[0101] After passing the hash chain continuity verification, a transaction hash containing this information is generated using the representation information of the passive IoT tag, the communication timestamp, and the current hash value. This transaction hash is the unique identifier of this data on-chain operation and has the characteristics of being irreversible and unique.

[0102] Furthermore, the transaction hash is broadcast to the first target blockchain node in the blockchain network. Identifier-type data only needs to be quickly verified by blockchain nodes associated with 5G macro base stations or the core network. After receiving the transaction hash, the first target blockchain node uses a simplified version of the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) consensus algorithm to verify the legality of the transaction and packages the transaction hash into blocks.

[0103] After the transaction's legality is verified, the transaction hash within the block is directly written into the main blockchain as an immutable credential of the tag's identity, supporting subsequent product traceability queries.

[0104] This application embodiment utilizes the immutability of hash chains to construct a secure and reliable data transmission and storage mechanism, preventing the risk of data being tampered with during transmission. Furthermore, through a node consensus algorithm, it achieves rapid verification of transaction legitimacy, improving the efficiency and accuracy of data on-chain. Finally, the transaction hash is written into the blockchain main chain, providing an immutable credential for product traceability and effectively ensuring the continuity and integrity of identifier data in product status information.

[0105] In one embodiment, the on-chain processing of different types of data in the product status information further includes: If the real-time change of the sensor data exceeds a preset change amount, the sensor data is encrypted to obtain encrypted sensor data. The encrypted sensing data is split into multiple encrypted sensing data fragments, and a threshold value is set for restoring the multiple encrypted sensing data fragments; The multiple encrypted sensor data fragments are scattered by radio frequency signals to multiple second target blockchain nodes in different directions for storage.

[0106] Specifically, for sensor data, encryption and distributed on-chain processing are triggered when data fluctuations exceed a preset amount of change.

[0107] The passive IoT tag has a built-in lightweight state machine that monitors sensor data in real time. Whenever sensor data at a certain moment is acquired, it calculates the difference between the sensor data at the previous moment to determine the real-time change in the sensor data and whether the real-time change in the sensor data exceeds a preset change amount, which can be set according to the characteristics of the product and the nature of the parameters.

[0108] If the real-time change in sensor data exceeds the preset change limit, a high-strength encryption mechanism will be automatically triggered to encrypt the sensor data and generate an encryption key. This can be applied to all sensor data or to sensor data that exceeds the limit.

[0109] Using the Shamir secret sharing algorithm, encrypted sensor data is split into N encrypted sensor data fragments based on a preset threshold value. At least K fragments (K≤N) are needed to restore the complete encrypted sensor data.

[0110] By utilizing the multipath scattering properties of metamaterial tags, different encrypted sensing data fragments are scattered by radio frequency signals to second target blockchain nodes in different directions for storage, thus realizing physical layer fragmented transmission.

[0111] When access to complete encrypted sensor data is required, at least three secondary target blockchain nodes provide fragments of their stored encrypted sensor data. The key and data are then restored using a polynomial difference algorithm, and the data is decrypted using the key. The decryption process is automatically executed by a smart contract to ensure controllable permissions.

[0112] This application embodiment automatically triggers encryption processing when the fluctuation of sensor data exceeds a preset amount of change. This can prevent sensitive data from being stolen or tampered with during transmission. The encrypted data is split into multiple fragments and stored in different blockchain nodes, which improves the data's resistance to tampering and reliability. Through the combination of encryption processing and distributed on-chain storage, the security and anti-attack capabilities of sensor sensitive data are maximized, providing a reliable and secure foundation for subsequent data traceability.

[0113] In one approach, a priority-based on-chain strategy is adopted for abnormal and cached data. Specifically, encrypted sensor data fragments of abnormal data are marked as high priority, occupying blockchain network bandwidth resources first to ensure real-time on-chain uploading. For cached data in communication dead zones, it is uploaded in batches after being sorted by timestamp, and the data continuity is verified through smart contracts to prevent time sequence errors.

[0114] When verifying data, smart contracts perform not only timestamp conflicts and threshold exceedances, but also spatial rationality checks, such as determining whether the transportation time from warehouse A to warehouse B conforms to the physical distance.

[0115] In one embodiment, based on step 104, the spatiotemporal state chain of the entire product lifecycle includes spatiotemporal state sub-chains for each link in the supply chain; the construction of the spatiotemporal state chain of the entire product lifecycle based on the blockchain data includes: Based on the blockchain data, supply chain data for each link in the supply chain throughout the entire product lifecycle is determined; Based on the block header and block body, a spatiotemporal state sub-chain is constructed for each of the aforementioned supply chain links; the block header is generated based on the supply chain stage identifier, timestamp, and geographic location hash; the block body is generated based on the supply chain data. The supply chain data in each of the spatiotemporal state subchains is associated with its corresponding spatiotemporal index; the spatiotemporal index is generated based on the timestamp and the geographic location hash of the supply chain data.

[0116] Specifically, the entire product lifecycle is divided into four supply chain stages: production, transportation, warehousing, and sales. The production stage primarily records product production information and initial environmental parameters; the transportation sub-chain mainly tracks location, temperature, humidity, and vibration data in real time, and links logistics providers and transportation vehicle information; the warehousing stage mainly monitors the inventory environment, storage and retrieval operation records, and inventory expiration; and the sales stage mainly records sales channels, end-consumer information, and after-sales service data. Furthermore, by utilizing blockchain data stored on the blockchain, relevant supply chain data for each supply chain stage is extracted.

[0117] Using the structure of the block header and block body, a spatiotemporal state sub-chain is constructed for each link in the supply chain. The data structure of the spatiotemporal state sub-chain is as follows: Block header: contains supply chain stage identifier (production stage / transportation stage / warehousing stage / sales stage), timestamp, geolocation hash, and parent block hash; Block body: Stores supply chain data (sensor data / identification data), operational events (inbound / outbound), related party signatures (manufacturers, logistics providers), etc.

[0118] Based on the spatiotemporal state sub-chains of each supply chain link mentioned above, a spatiotemporal state chain for the entire product lifecycle can be formed. For each supply chain link's spatiotemporal state sub-chain, a cross-chain association mechanism is adopted. Through spatiotemporal indexing, cross-chain association between supply chain links is achieved, enabling data inter-chain lookup.

[0119] Understandably, for each link in the supply chain, the supply chain data is associated with a spatiotemporal index. This index is generated based on a timestamp and a geographic location hash. The timestamp records the point in time when the data was generated, while the geographic location hash calculates a fixed-length hash value from the geographic location information at the time the data was generated. In the data structure design of each spatiotemporal state sub-chain, the spatiotemporal index is stored as one of the key attributes of the data record.

[0120] This application embodiment determines the data of each link in the supply chain based on blockchain data, and generates block headers by combining supply chain stage identifiers, timestamps, and geographic location hashes. The block body is generated from the supply chain data, and the constructed spatiotemporal state sub-chain not only retains the integrity of the data itself, but also realizes cross-chain data association through spatiotemporal indexes. It transforms the scattered supply chain data into a continuous spatiotemporal state chain with clear spatiotemporal dimensions and clear stage attributes, providing a spatiotemporal trajectory chain that can be accurately located and traced back to the end of the product lifecycle from production to sales, effectively supporting the accuracy and efficiency of product traceability.

[0121] In one embodiment, the management of each supply chain link throughout the entire product lifecycle based on the spatiotemporal state chain includes: In response to a cross-chain query request, extract the spatiotemporal index of the current supply chain data and the target spatiotemporal state sub-chain to be queried in the cross-chain query request; Using smart contracts on the blockchain, based on the spatiotemporal index of the current supply chain data, data retrieval is performed on the target spatiotemporal state subchain to obtain the target supply chain data, and the target supply chain data is verified. After successful verification, the current supply chain data and the target supply chain data are integrated to generate product status management analysis results.

[0122] Specifically, when it is necessary to query data related to the current supply chain data in other supply chain links, a cross-chain query request is generated based on the spatiotemporal index of the current supply chain data and the target spatiotemporal state sub-chain to be queried. After receiving the cross-chain query request, the system responds by extracting the spatiotemporal index of the current supply chain data and the target spatiotemporal state sub-chain to be queried from it.

[0123] Smart contracts on the blockchain are used to execute cross-chain relational query logic. Based on the spatiotemporal index in the cross-chain query request, the smart contract retrieves data on the corresponding target spatiotemporal state sub-chain. It can coordinate and communicate between different sub-chains and filter out data that matches the query conditions according to preset rules and algorithms.

[0124] The retrieved target supply chain data is verified via smart contracts to ensure its authenticity and completeness. After successful verification, the current and target supply chain data are integrated according to specific rules to generate product status management analysis results. These results can include data from only a portion of the supply chain or from all aspects of the supply chain.

[0125] Data analysis across the entire supply chain can create a complete product lifecycle status view, providing a solid basis for subsequent monitoring, risk assessment, and decision-making. This product lifecycle status view allows for multiple distinct sections; for example, one section might display product distribution via a map, while another might use color-coding to indicate risk levels. Clicking on a high-risk product allows tracing its complete lifecycle data, including raw sensor data, identification data, operational logs, and related party information.

[0126] This application embodiment relies on blockchain smart contracts to accurately locate and verify target supply chain data on the target spatiotemporal state subchain based on the spatiotemporal index of the current supply chain data. This integrates the supply chain data into commodity status management analysis results, realizing reliable association of cross-link data and efficient management of the entire chain. Ultimately, it provides reliable and traceable decision support for the collaborative management of all stages of the commodity life cycle, effectively improving the accuracy and efficiency of supply chain management.

[0127] In one embodiment, as data flows between different stakeholders at different stages of a product's lifecycle, the system can provide a blockchain-based data exchange platform to facilitate secure data sharing, enabling parties to share data while protecting their privacy.

[0128] In blockchain-based data security sharing and trading platforms, data requesters can verify the validity of transportation temperature data using zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP) without obtaining the original data, thus ensuring data privacy. Data access permissions are encapsulated as non-fungible tokens (NFTs). After purchasing NFTs, enterprises can access specific data for a limited time via smart contracts, supporting pay-as-you-go billing (e.g., based on the number of queries or the amount of data).

[0129] Providing services through data trading involves selling data as an asset to other businesses or individuals who need it through a data exchange platform. For example, food manufacturers may be interested in temperature data during transportation to ensure food safety.

[0130] By applying data analysis of the IoT status of products at different lifecycle stages to the daily operations of enterprises, we can drive informed decision-making and provide guidance for enterprises to manage products throughout their entire lifecycle through real-time monitoring services of product status.

[0131] This application embodiment realizes the secure flow and value transformation of commodity status information throughout its entire lifecycle by constructing a blockchain-based data exchange platform.

[0132] In one embodiment, the product lifecycle status management method further includes: Within the first time period, the first parameter observation data of each target parameter in the product status information is acquired; the weight value of each target parameter is determined by the analytic hierarchy process; and a product status evaluation model is constructed based on the first parameter observation data and its corresponding weight value. During the second time period, second parameter observation data of each target parameter in the product status information are acquired; the second parameter observation data are input into the product status evaluation model to obtain the status score observation data of each target parameter output by the product status evaluation model; the Pearson correlation coefficient between the second parameter observation data and the status score observation data is determined; the weight values ​​of each target parameter in the product status evaluation model are updated through each Pearson correlation coefficient to obtain the updated product status evaluation model. The start time of the second time period is later than the end time of the first time period; The third parameter observation data of each of the target parameters is input into the updated commodity status assessment model to obtain the target status score results of each of the target parameters output by the updated commodity status assessment model. Multi-dimensional risk warnings are issued based on the target state scoring results.

[0133] Specifically, by collecting product status information from passive IoT tags in real time through reader nodes, the collected data can be integrated into a central database or data warehouse for analysis and access. Key target parameters for product status information should be defined to determine their importance in assessing product status.

[0134] To obtain the first parameter observation data for each target parameter in the product status information, each target parameter is scored. The weight value of each target parameter can be calculated using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Based on the first parameter observation data and their corresponding weight values, a product status evaluation model is constructed, and its mathematical expression is as follows: in, Indicates the first The first parameter observation data of each target parameter; Indicates the first The weight values ​​of each target parameter; express One target parameter.

[0135] After collecting product status information for a period of time, the weight values ​​of each objective parameter in the product status assessment model are updated using the Pearson correlation method.

[0136] Obtain the observation data of the second parameter of each target parameter in the product status information, input the second parameter square-side data into the product status evaluation model, and obtain the status score observation data of each target parameter output by the model. Calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient between the target parameter X and the product status score Y that affect the product status, as follows: in, Indicates the first The second parameter observation data of each target parameter; Indicates the first Product status score for each target parameter; and This represents the corresponding average value.

[0137] The Pearson correlation coefficient of each target parameter is converted into a weight value. .

[0138] Update the weight values ​​to the product status assessment model, that is: in, This represents the updated product status assessment model.

[0139] Lightweight neural networks can be used to incrementally train the model, which can be completed with only edge node computing resources, thus avoiding excessive load on the blockchain main chain.

[0140] Furthermore, by collecting the latest product status information, obtaining the third parameter observation data of each target parameter in the product status information, and inputting the third parameter observation data of each target parameter into the updated product status evaluation model, the target status score results of each target parameter output by the model can be obtained.

[0141] Multi-dimensional risk warnings can be issued based on the target status score results. Three warning ranges can be set. When the target status score result falls within a certain warning range, corresponding alarm measures will be taken.

[0142] Level 1 Alert: The smart contract automatically freezes all on-chain operation permissions for this batch of goods and triggers the core network to broadcast a recall instruction to relevant parties; Level 2 Alarm: Restrict workflow permissions and notify manual verification; Level 3 Alarm: For high-frequency abnormal events, the system generates an optimization report and links it to the Enterprise Resource Planning (EPR) system to record the event and generate optimization suggestions.

[0143] At the same time, based on the target status score, a product status evaluation report can be generated and output. The product status evaluation report is re-evaluated after each update in the product life cycle, realizing full life cycle monitoring of product status and timely recall of defective products.

[0144] By leveraging the results of product condition assessments, potential risks such as quality degradation, safety issues, or environmental impacts can be evaluated. The analysis results can support decision-making, including inventory management, product recalls, maintenance plans, and product design improvements. Businesses can ensure products remain in optimal condition throughout their entire lifecycle, while improving operational efficiency, reducing risks, and enhancing customer satisfaction. Furthermore, based on historical data analysis, optimal transportation routes and warehouse layout adjustments can be recommended.

[0145] An adaptive update mechanism is implemented for the above model. Every preset time interval, the system automatically analyzes the correlation between each target parameter and the product status in historical data. For example, if a significant increase in the Pearson correlation coefficient between vibration parameters and damage events is found, the weight of vibration parameters is automatically increased.

[0146] This application embodiment constructs and dynamically optimizes a commodity status assessment model, enabling the model to adapt to data change patterns, enhancing the dynamic analysis capability of commodity status, and further providing multi-dimensional risk warnings based on the model's assessment results of commodity status. This significantly improves the foresight of commodity status risk prevention and control, and provides accurate decision support for commodity status risk intervention.

[0147] In summary, the product lifecycle status management method provided in this application has the following advantages: (1) By using passive IoT tags to provide power through backscattering, blockchain sharding storage and smart contract verification, the data is protected from tampering throughout the process from the physical layer to the digital layer, thus solving the problems of easy forgery and cross-stage fragmentation of traditional IoT data.

[0148] (2) By using a three-level cellular network (base station, user equipment relay, and blind spot reader) to penetrate complex environments and combined with dynamic network resource scheduling, a balance is achieved between low-latency transmission of high-value tags and high-concurrency access of ordinary tags.

[0149] (3) Based on the multi-dimensional parameter dynamic weight allocation of the spatiotemporal state chain, the smart contract is driven to automatically trigger operations such as recall and path optimization, reducing the cost of manual intervention.

[0150] (4) It helps to digitize, network, and intelligentize commodity status information, form digital assets, and promote the full circulation of data elements.

[0151] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the product lifecycle status management device provided in this application.

[0152] like Figure 7 As shown, the product lifecycle status management device includes: The passive IoT tag management module 710 is used to deploy passive IoT tags hierarchically based on the communication requirements of the deployment scenario, and to collect product status information through the passive IoT tags; The network architecture management module 720 is used to build a three-level network architecture based on the communication requirements of the deployment scenario, and read the product status information in the passive IoT tag through the reader node of the network architecture; The blockchain data storage module 730 is used to transmit the product status information to the blockchain network for trusted on-chain processing to obtain blockchain data. The product lifecycle status management module 740 is used to construct a spatiotemporal status chain for the entire product lifecycle based on the blockchain data, and to manage each supply chain link in the entire product lifecycle based on the spatiotemporal status chain.

[0153] The product lifecycle status management device provided in this application deploys passive IoT tags and constructs a three-level network architecture based on the communication needs of the deployment scenario. The passive design reduces deployment costs and maintenance difficulty, enabling flexible collection of product status information. Relying on the three-level network architecture, distributed reader nodes achieve wide-area coverage and efficient reading of tag information, improving the flexibility and reliability of data collection in complex environments. Then, the product status information is transmitted to the blockchain network for trusted on-chain storage. The decentralized nature of blockchain avoids the risk of data tampering, ensuring the security and credibility of data throughout the process, and realizing an end-to-end trusted closed loop of product status information from collection to storage. Finally, based on this, a spatiotemporal status chain for the entire product lifecycle is constructed to monitor each link in the supply chain, achieving comprehensive management of the entire product lifecycle over a wide area. This helps to digitize, network, and intelligentize product information, forming digital assets and promoting the full circulation of data elements.

[0154] In one embodiment, the passive IoT tag management module 710 is further configured to: Based on the communication requirements of wide-area scenarios, a first passive IoT tag integrating backscatter communication function is deployed in the wide-area scenario; Based on the communication requirements of the local area scenario, a second passive IoT tag integrating photovoltaic-RF dual-mode micro energy harvesting function is deployed in the local area scenario; Based on the communication needs of the communication blind spots, a third passive IoT tag integrating data caching function is deployed in the communication blind spots.

[0155] In one embodiment, the passive IoT tag management module 710 is further configured to: The network resources of the passive IoT tags are dynamically allocated based on the value of the goods and the sensitivity of the data.

[0156] In one embodiment, the network architecture management module 720 is further configured to: Based on the communication requirements of the wide-area scenario, a first network architecture for direct communication between base stations and passive IoT tags is constructed. Under the first network architecture, the base station serves as the reader node, and the product status information in the first passive IoT tag is directly read through the base station.

[0157] In one embodiment, the network architecture management module 720 is further configured to: Based on the communication requirements of the local scenario, a second network architecture is constructed for indirect communication between user equipment and passive IoT tags; In the second network architecture, the user equipment is used as a reader node with relay function to read the product status information in the second passive IoT tag.

[0158] In one embodiment, the network architecture management module 720 is further configured to: Based on the communication requirements of the aforementioned communication blind spots, a third network architecture is constructed for near-field blind spot communication between the blind spot reader and the passive IoT tag; In the third network architecture, the blind reader is used as a reader node with wireless communication function, and the product status information in the third passive IoT tag is read through the blind reader.

[0159] In one embodiment, the blockchain data storage module 730 is further configured to: A fragmentation encryption algorithm is used to split the product status information into multiple encrypted product data fragments; The encrypted data fragments are distributed and stored across multiple blockchain nodes in the blockchain network, and different types of data in the product status information are processed on-chain accordingly to obtain blockchain data.

[0160] In one embodiment, the product status information includes identification data; the blockchain data storage module 730 is further used for: Verify the continuity of the hash chain based on the current hash value and the preceding hash value fragment carried by the passive IoT tag when the information is read; After passing the hash chain continuity verification, a transaction hash is generated based on the identification information of the passive IoT tag; The transaction hash is broadcast to a first target blockchain node in the blockchain network, and the first target blockchain node verifies the legality of the transaction based on the transaction hash. After the transaction's legality is verified, the transaction hash is written into the main blockchain.

[0161] In one embodiment, the product status information includes sensor data; the blockchain data storage module 730 is further used for: If the real-time change of the sensor data exceeds a preset change amount, the sensor data is encrypted to obtain encrypted sensor data. The encrypted sensing data is split into multiple encrypted sensing data fragments, and a threshold value is set for restoring the multiple encrypted sensing data fragments; The multiple encrypted sensor data fragments are scattered by radio frequency signals to multiple second target blockchain nodes in different directions for storage.

[0162] In one embodiment, the product lifecycle status management module 740 is further configured to: Based on the blockchain data, supply chain data for each link in the supply chain throughout the entire product lifecycle is determined; Based on the block header and block body, a spatiotemporal state sub-chain is constructed for each of the aforementioned supply chain links; the block header is generated based on the supply chain stage identifier, timestamp, and geographic location hash; the block body is generated based on the supply chain data. The supply chain data in each of the spatiotemporal state subchains is associated with its corresponding spatiotemporal index; the spatiotemporal index is generated based on the timestamp and the geographic location hash of the supply chain data.

[0163] In one embodiment, the product lifecycle status management module 740 is further configured to: In response to a cross-chain query request, extract the spatiotemporal index of the current supply chain data and the target spatiotemporal state sub-chain to be queried in the cross-chain query request; Using smart contracts on the blockchain, based on the spatiotemporal index of the current supply chain data, data retrieval is performed on the target spatiotemporal state subchain to obtain the target supply chain data, and the target supply chain data is verified. After successful verification, the current supply chain data and the target supply chain data are integrated to generate product status management analysis results.

[0164] In one embodiment, the product lifecycle status management device is further used for: Within the first time period, the first parameter observation data of each target parameter in the product status information is acquired; the weight value of each target parameter is determined by the analytic hierarchy process; and a product status evaluation model is constructed based on the first parameter observation data and its corresponding weight value. During the second time period, second parameter observation data of each target parameter in the product status information are acquired; the second parameter observation data are input into the product status evaluation model to obtain the status score observation data of each target parameter output by the product status evaluation model; the Pearson correlation coefficient between the second parameter observation data and the status score observation data is determined; the weight values ​​of each target parameter in the product status evaluation model are updated through each Pearson correlation coefficient to obtain the updated product status evaluation model. The start time of the second time period is later than the end time of the first time period; The third parameter observation data of each of the target parameters is input into the updated commodity status assessment model to obtain the target status score results of each of the target parameters output by the updated commodity status assessment model. Multi-dimensional risk warnings are issued based on the target state scoring results.

[0165] It should be noted that the product lifecycle status management device provided in this application can execute the product lifecycle status management method described in any of the above embodiments during specific operation, which will not be elaborated in this embodiment.

[0166] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in this application, such as... Figure 8As shown, the electronic device may include: a processor 810, a communications interface 820, a memory 830, and a communication bus 840. The processor 810, communications interface 820, and memory 830 communicate with each other via the communication bus 840. The processor 810 can call logical instructions in the memory 830 to execute a product lifecycle status management method. This method includes: hierarchically deploying passive IoT tags based on the communication requirements of the deployment scenario, and collecting product status information through the passive IoT tags; constructing a three-level network architecture based on the communication requirements of the deployment scenario, and reading the product status information from the passive IoT tags through reader nodes in the network architecture; transmitting the product status information to a blockchain network for trusted on-chain processing to obtain blockchain data; constructing a spatiotemporal state chain for the entire product lifecycle based on the blockchain data, and managing each supply chain link in the entire product lifecycle based on the spatiotemporal state chain.

[0167] Furthermore, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory 830 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0168] On the other hand, this application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer program includes program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer can execute the commodity lifecycle status management method provided in the above embodiments. The method includes: deploying passive IoT tags hierarchically based on the communication requirements of the deployment scenario, and collecting commodity status information through the passive IoT tags; constructing a three-level network architecture based on the communication requirements of the deployment scenario, and reading the commodity status information in the passive IoT tags through the reader nodes of the network architecture; transmitting the commodity status information to a blockchain network for trusted on-chain processing to obtain blockchain data; constructing a spatiotemporal state chain for the entire commodity lifecycle based on the blockchain data, and managing each supply chain link in the entire commodity lifecycle based on the spatiotemporal state chain.

[0169] In another aspect, this application also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon. When executed by a processor, the computer program implements the product lifecycle status management method provided in the above embodiments. The method includes: hierarchically deploying passive IoT tags based on the communication requirements of the deployment scenario, and collecting product status information through the passive IoT tags; constructing a three-level network architecture based on the communication requirements of the deployment scenario, and reading the product status information from the passive IoT tags through the reader nodes of the network architecture; transmitting the product status information to a blockchain network for trusted on-chain processing to obtain blockchain data; constructing a spatiotemporal state chain for the entire product lifecycle based on the blockchain data, and managing each supply chain link in the entire product lifecycle based on the spatiotemporal state chain.

[0170] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0171] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0172] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A commodity full life cycle status management method, characterized by, The commodity full life cycle state management method comprises: Hierarchical deployment of passive Internet of Things tags based on communication requirements of deployment scenarios, collecting commodity state information through the passive Internet of Things tags; Construction of a three-level networking architecture based on communication requirements of deployment scenarios, reading commodity state information in the passive Internet of Things tags through reader nodes of the networking architecture; Transmitting the commodity state information to a blockchain network for trusted on-chain, obtaining blockchain data; Based on the blockchain data, constructing a space-time state chain of the commodity full life cycle, and managing each supply chain link in the commodity full life cycle based on the space-time state chain.

2. The commodity life cycle status management method according to claim 1, wherein The hierarchical deployment of passive Internet of Things tags based on communication requirements of deployment scenarios comprises: According to the communication requirements of the wide-area scenario, deploying the first passive Internet of Things tag integrated with the backscattering communication function in the wide-area scenario; According to the communication requirements of the local-area scenario, deploying the second passive Internet of Things tag integrated with the photovoltaic-radio dual-mode micro energy collection function in the local-area scenario; According to the communication requirements of the communication blind area, deploying the third passive Internet of Things tag integrated with the data caching function in the communication blind area.

3. The commodity life cycle status management method according to claim 1, wherein After hierarchical deployment of passive Internet of Things tags based on communication requirements of deployment scenarios, and before construction of a three-level networking architecture based on communication requirements of deployment scenarios, it further comprises: According to the value of the commodity and the data sensitivity, dynamically allocating network resources of the passive Internet of Things tags.

4. The commodity life cycle status management method according to claim 2, wherein The construction of a three-level networking architecture based on communication requirements of deployment scenarios, reading commodity state information in the passive Internet of Things tags through reader nodes of the networking architecture, comprises: According to the communication requirements of the wide-area scenario, constructing a first networking architecture in which base stations directly communicate with passive Internet of Things tags; Under the first networking architecture, taking the base station as a reader node, directly reading commodity state information in the first passive Internet of Things tag through the base station.

5. The merchandise life cycle status management method of claim 2, wherein, The construction of a three-level networking architecture based on communication requirements of deployment scenarios, reading commodity state information in the passive Internet of Things tags through reader nodes of the networking architecture, further comprises: According to the communication requirements of the local-area scenario, constructing a second networking architecture in which user equipment indirectly communicates with passive Internet of Things tags; Under the second networking architecture, taking the user equipment as a reader node with a relay function, reading commodity state information in the second passive Internet of Things tag through the user equipment.

6. The commodity life cycle status management method according to claim 2, wherein The construction of a three-level networking architecture based on communication requirements of deployment scenarios, reading commodity state information in the passive Internet of Things tags through reader nodes of the networking architecture, further comprises: According to the communication requirements of the communication blind area, constructing a third networking architecture in which a blind area supplement reader directly communicates with passive Internet of Things tags in a near field; Under the third networking architecture, taking the blind area supplement reader as a reader node with a wireless communication function, reading commodity state information in the third passive Internet of Things tag through the blind area supplement reader.

7. The merchandise life cycle status management method of claim 1, wherein, The transmitting of the commodity state information to a blockchain network for trusted on-chain, obtaining blockchain data, comprises: Using a sharding encryption algorithm, splitting the commodity state information into multiple encrypted commodity data segments; The plurality of encrypted data segments are stored in a plurality of blockchain nodes of a blockchain network, and adaptive on-chain processing is performed on different types of data in the commodity state information to obtain blockchain data.

8. The commodity life cycle status management method according to claim 7, wherein The commodity state information includes identification data; and the adaptive on-chain processing on different types of data in the commodity state information includes: Verifying the continuity of the hash chain according to the current hash value and the previous hash value segment carried by the passive Internet of Things label when the information is read; After the continuity of the hash chain is verified, generating a transaction hash based on the identification information of the passive Internet of Things label; Broadcasting the transaction hash to a first target blockchain node in the blockchain network, and performing transaction legality verification based on the transaction hash through the first target blockchain node; After the transaction legality verification, writing the transaction hash to the main chain of the blockchain.

9. The commodity life cycle status management method according to claim 7, wherein The commodity state information includes sensor data; and the adaptive on-chain processing on different types of data in the commodity state information further includes: If the real-time change amount of the sensor data exceeds a preset change amount, performing encryption processing on the sensor data to obtain encrypted sensor data; Splitting the encrypted sensor data into a plurality of encrypted sensor data segments, and setting a threshold value for restoring the plurality of encrypted sensor data segments; Scattering the plurality of encrypted sensor data segments to a plurality of second target blockchain nodes in different directions through radio frequency signals for storage.

10. The merchandise life cycle status management method of claim 1, wherein, The space-time state chain of the whole life cycle of the commodity includes space-time state sub-chains of each supply chain link; and the construction of the space-time state chain of the whole life cycle of the commodity based on the blockchain data includes: Determining supply chain data of each supply chain link in the whole life cycle of the commodity according to the blockchain data; According to the block header and the block body, constructing the space-time state sub-chain of each supply chain link; the block header is generated based on the supply chain stage identifier, the timestamp, and the geographic location hash; and the block body is generated based on the supply chain data; Associating the supply chain data in each space-time state sub-chain with its corresponding space-time index; the space-time index is generated based on the timestamp and the geographic location hash of the supply chain data.

11. The commodity life cycle status management method according to claim 10, wherein The management of each supply chain link in the whole life cycle of the commodity based on the space-time state chain includes: In response to a cross-chain query request, extracting the space-time index of the current supply chain data in the cross-chain query request and the target space-time state sub-chain to be cross-chained queried; Through a smart contract on the blockchain, performing data retrieval on the target space-time state sub-chain based on the space-time index of the current supply chain data to obtain target supply chain data, and verifying the target supply chain data; After verification, integrating the current supply chain data and the target supply chain data to generate a commodity state management analysis result.

12. The method of managing the status of a good throughout its life cycle according to any one of claims 1-11, wherein, The commodity whole life cycle state management method further includes: In a first time period, first parameter observation data of each target parameter in the commodity state information is acquired; an analytic hierarchy process is used to determine weight values of each target parameter; and a commodity state evaluation model is constructed based on each first parameter observation data and the corresponding weight value thereof; In a second time period, second parameter observation data of each target parameter in the commodity state information is acquired; the second parameter observation data is input into the commodity state evaluation model to obtain state score observation data of each target parameter output by the commodity state evaluation model; a Pearson correlation coefficient between the second parameter observation data and the state score observation data is determined; weight values of each target parameter in the commodity state evaluation model are updated through each Pearson correlation coefficient to obtain an updated commodity state evaluation model; The starting time of the second time period is later than the ending time of the first time period; Third parameter observation data of each target parameter is input into the updated commodity state evaluation model to obtain target state score results of each target parameter output by the updated commodity state evaluation model; Multi-dimensional risk early warning is performed based on each target state score result.

13. A commodity full life cycle status management apparatus characterized by comprising: The commodity full life cycle state management device comprises: A passive Internet of Things label management module is configured to deploy passive Internet of Things labels based on communication requirements of a deployment scenario, and to collect commodity state information through the passive Internet of Things labels; A networking architecture management module is configured to construct a three-level networking architecture based on communication requirements of a deployment scenario, and to read commodity state information in the passive Internet of Things labels through reader nodes of the networking architecture; A blockchain data storage module is configured to transmit the commodity state information to a blockchain network for trusted on-chain storage to obtain blockchain data; A commodity full life cycle state management module is configured to construct a time-space state chain of a commodity full life cycle based on the blockchain data, and to manage each supply chain link in the commodity full life cycle based on the time-space state chain.

14. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein, The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the commodity full life cycle state management method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, wherein, The computer program is executed by the processor to implement the steps of the commodity full life cycle state management method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

16. A computer program product comprising a computer program, characterized in that, The computer program is executed by the processor to implement the steps of the commodity full life cycle state management according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

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